Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.22271/TPR.2020.V7.I1.009
E. Chukwuma, D. M. Chukwuma, A. Adio
In an attempt to keep biodiversity records of our world today, species diversity studies have remained important in the face of climate change and habitat degradation resulting from urbanization and other human activities. Consequently, we surveyed to document the plants of Ijero Local Government Area (Ekiti State), an area that has been poorly studied in South-Western Nigeria. The study area was periodically visited over 18 months and all identified species were carefully documented. One hundred and sixty-three (163) species in forty-six (46) families, one hundred and thirty (130) genera were recorded. These species are represented in seven (7) plant habits. The trees were dominant followed by the herbs, shrubs and climbers. The dominant families were Euphorbiaceae, Asteraceae and Caesalpinaceae, with 17, 13 and 10 species respectively. Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Papilionaceae and Rubiaceae also all had the highest number of genera represented, with 12, 10, 9 and 6 respectively. Generally, the Legumes collectively contributed 25 species (15.3%) of the total enumeration. This study has not only added to the existing records of floristic data in south-western Nigeria, but it is the first of its kind in the study area.
{"title":"Flora diversity of Ijero Local Government Area of Ekiti State, South-Western Nigeria","authors":"E. Chukwuma, D. M. Chukwuma, A. Adio","doi":"10.22271/TPR.2020.V7.I1.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22271/TPR.2020.V7.I1.009","url":null,"abstract":"In an attempt to keep biodiversity records of our world today, species diversity studies have remained important in the face of climate change and habitat degradation resulting from urbanization and other human activities. Consequently, we surveyed to document the plants of Ijero Local Government Area (Ekiti State), an area that has been poorly studied in South-Western Nigeria. The study area was periodically visited over 18 months and all identified species were carefully documented. One hundred and sixty-three (163) species in forty-six (46) families, one hundred and thirty (130) genera were recorded. These species are represented in seven (7) plant habits. The trees were dominant followed by the herbs, shrubs and climbers. The dominant families were Euphorbiaceae, Asteraceae and Caesalpinaceae, with 17, 13 and 10 species respectively. Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Papilionaceae and Rubiaceae also all had the highest number of genera represented, with 12, 10, 9 and 6 respectively. Generally, the Legumes collectively contributed 25 species (15.3%) of the total enumeration. This study has not only added to the existing records of floristic data in south-western Nigeria, but it is the first of its kind in the study area.","PeriodicalId":23334,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Plant Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83653534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.22271/tpr.2020.v7.i1.025
Mesfin Woldearegay
This paper reviews about the impacts of climate change on plant distribution and phenology. The existence of climate change is confirmed by various evidences from different sources that can be used to reconstruct past climates. Some of these facts are obtained from temperature measurements, glaciers retreat, arctic sea ice decline, sea level rise and variability of precipitation in different parts of the world. Empirical evidences have also indicated that climate change affects life on earth in many ways. On plants, some of the most important climate change impacts include, the change in phenological characteristics like flowering time, species distributions and richness as well as the composition of assemblages. Plant species have responded to climate change by range shifting and increasing species richness on alpine summits, as well as by altering the time of leafing, flowering and fruiting. Evolutionary adaptation could be an important way for natural populations to counterbalance rapid climate change. Adaptive changes are likely to influence the ability of species to take advantage of potentially favorable conditions arising from climate change. Plant species can also adjust to new conditions through phenotypic plasticity.
{"title":"Climate change impacts on the distribution and phenology of plants: A review","authors":"Mesfin Woldearegay","doi":"10.22271/tpr.2020.v7.i1.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22271/tpr.2020.v7.i1.025","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reviews about the impacts of climate change on plant distribution and phenology. The existence of climate change is confirmed by various evidences from different sources that can be used to reconstruct past climates. Some of these facts are obtained from temperature measurements, glaciers retreat, arctic sea ice decline, sea level rise and variability of precipitation in different parts of the world. Empirical evidences have also indicated that climate change affects life on earth in many ways. On plants, some of the most important climate change impacts include, the change in phenological characteristics like flowering time, species distributions and richness as well as the composition of assemblages. Plant species have responded to climate change by range shifting and increasing species richness on alpine summits, as well as by altering the time of leafing, flowering and fruiting. Evolutionary adaptation could be an important way for natural populations to counterbalance rapid climate change. Adaptive changes are likely to influence the ability of species to take advantage of potentially favorable conditions arising from climate change. Plant species can also adjust to new conditions through phenotypic plasticity.","PeriodicalId":23334,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Plant Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82340176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.22271/tpr.2020.v7.i1.029
S. Mathanghi, S. Kanchana, V. Perasiriyan
Proso millet is a self-pollinated crop and true millet of history that can grow well in many agro-climatic conditions. It is rich in many phytochemicals when compared to finger, foxtail and little millet. In terms of natural antioxidants, it is in the second position after finger millet. Proteins of proso millet suppress the activity of D-galactosomine induced elevation of serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase and prevent the risk of liver injury also it elevates the HDL2fractions. Fibre and resistant starch that is present in the proso acts as a probiotic and beneficial in many ways and can bring about an effective reduction in the levels of glucose and insulin with up-regulated expression of adiponectin and downregulating effect of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and abetting type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. Food and nutrition scientist show more interest towards millets and its health effects on combating lifestyle diseases and now millets are regaining its importance on achieving nutrition security.
{"title":"Pinnacles of Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.): A nutri millet","authors":"S. Mathanghi, S. Kanchana, V. Perasiriyan","doi":"10.22271/tpr.2020.v7.i1.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22271/tpr.2020.v7.i1.029","url":null,"abstract":"Proso millet is a self-pollinated crop and true millet of history that can grow well in many agro-climatic conditions. It is rich in many phytochemicals when compared to finger, foxtail and little millet. In terms of natural antioxidants, it is in the second position after finger millet. Proteins of proso millet suppress the activity of D-galactosomine induced elevation of serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase and prevent the risk of liver injury also it elevates the HDL2fractions. Fibre and resistant starch that is present in the proso acts as a probiotic and beneficial in many ways and can bring about an effective reduction in the levels of glucose and insulin with up-regulated expression of adiponectin and downregulating effect of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and abetting type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. Food and nutrition scientist show more interest towards millets and its health effects on combating lifestyle diseases and now millets are regaining its importance on achieving nutrition security.","PeriodicalId":23334,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Plant Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75330130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.22271/tpr.2019.v6.i3.057
P. Joseph, Frank Ojochegbe Ojomah, Omeiza Yakubu Idris
This study investigated heavy metal contamination of soil and some food crops including maize, sweet potato, and spinach around the vicinity of West African Ceramic Industry, Oguro village, Ajaokuta Local Government Area, Kogi State, Nigeria. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer was used to determine the concentration of heavy metals in soil and crops. The concentration of heavy metals in soil sample tested was lower than that of permissible limit of different International Standards. The lead-in crops were higher than that of the permissible limits of different International Standards. The study revealed that all the samples, except lead, did not exceed the Intentional Standards level in crops at Oguro village. Plant absorption of heavy metals from soil was in the order Cu>Pb>Ni>Cr>Cd. The study suggested that the ceramic industry is a source of pollution of heavy metals to the surrounding soils and consequently crops growing on the soils containing higher amount of metals that could be transferred into edible parts of the crops. The study area should be monitored regularly of these toxic heavy metals in soil, crops and other food materials to prevent excessive build-up in the food chain.
{"title":"Assessment of some heavy metals in the surrounding soils and crops of West African ceramic industry","authors":"P. Joseph, Frank Ojochegbe Ojomah, Omeiza Yakubu Idris","doi":"10.22271/tpr.2019.v6.i3.057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22271/tpr.2019.v6.i3.057","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated heavy metal contamination of soil and some food crops including maize, sweet potato, and spinach around the vicinity of West African Ceramic Industry, Oguro village, Ajaokuta Local Government Area, Kogi State, Nigeria. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer was used to determine the concentration of heavy metals in soil and crops. The concentration of heavy metals in soil sample tested was lower than that of permissible limit of different International Standards. The lead-in crops were higher than that of the permissible limits of different International Standards. The study revealed that all the samples, except lead, did not exceed the Intentional Standards level in crops at Oguro village. Plant absorption of heavy metals from soil was in the order Cu>Pb>Ni>Cr>Cd. The study suggested that the ceramic industry is a source of pollution of heavy metals to the surrounding soils and consequently crops growing on the soils containing higher amount of metals that could be transferred into edible parts of the crops. The study area should be monitored regularly of these toxic heavy metals in soil, crops and other food materials to prevent excessive build-up in the food chain.","PeriodicalId":23334,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Plant Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90964337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.22271/tpr.2019.v6.i2.028
B. A. Olaoye, M. Oyun
: The research was carried out to investigate the early growth of selected indigenous tree species in response to watering regime. Four different tree species Terminalia ivorensis, Terminalia superba, Mansonia altissima and Cleistopholis patense were collected from Aponmu Forest in Ondo state, Nigeria The seeds were subjected to cold water pre-treatment for 24 hours before sowing as a means of breaking the seed dormancy. Upon removal, the pretreated seeds of the respective species were sown in polypots and distributed to the experimental treatments which include three levels of watering regime (daily, twice weekly and thrice weekly) and replicated thrice. The planted seeds were subsequently watered ones daily; twice weekly and thrice weekly for a period of 96 days. The seedlings growth parameters: seedling height, branchlets count and collar diameters were monitored and assessed for 96 days. The result obtained shows that watering twice weekly was best for Mansonia altisima and Cleistopholis patens seedlings while thrice watering was best for Terminalia ivorensis and Terminalia superba seedlings. It is therefore recommended that the seedlings of Terminalia ivorensis, Terminalia superba, Cleistopholis patens and Mansonia altisima may be effective for improving the physiological growth which can enhance the domestication and cultivation of these seedlings in the environment when watered with well water, subjected to full light intensity and watered twice or
{"title":"Early growth of selected indigenous tree species in response to watering regime","authors":"B. A. Olaoye, M. Oyun","doi":"10.22271/tpr.2019.v6.i2.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22271/tpr.2019.v6.i2.028","url":null,"abstract":": The research was carried out to investigate the early growth of selected indigenous tree species in response to watering regime. Four different tree species Terminalia ivorensis, Terminalia superba, Mansonia altissima and Cleistopholis patense were collected from Aponmu Forest in Ondo state, Nigeria The seeds were subjected to cold water pre-treatment for 24 hours before sowing as a means of breaking the seed dormancy. Upon removal, the pretreated seeds of the respective species were sown in polypots and distributed to the experimental treatments which include three levels of watering regime (daily, twice weekly and thrice weekly) and replicated thrice. The planted seeds were subsequently watered ones daily; twice weekly and thrice weekly for a period of 96 days. The seedlings growth parameters: seedling height, branchlets count and collar diameters were monitored and assessed for 96 days. The result obtained shows that watering twice weekly was best for Mansonia altisima and Cleistopholis patens seedlings while thrice watering was best for Terminalia ivorensis and Terminalia superba seedlings. It is therefore recommended that the seedlings of Terminalia ivorensis, Terminalia superba, Cleistopholis patens and Mansonia altisima may be effective for improving the physiological growth which can enhance the domestication and cultivation of these seedlings in the environment when watered with well water, subjected to full light intensity and watered twice or","PeriodicalId":23334,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Plant Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78059254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.22271/tpr.2019.v6.i2.030
Nesibu Yahya, B. Gebre, Genene Tesfaye
Yerer Mountain forest is one of the few remaining dry Afromontane forests found in the central highlands of Ethiopia. Information on woody species composition, diversity and regeneration status in the aforementioned forest are lacking. The study, therefore, aims to study the diversity, population structure and regeneration status of woody species in the Forest of Yerer Mountain. Data were collected using 36 main plots of size 20 m × 20 m for tree/shrub. Two 5 m × 5 m (opposite corner) and five 2 m × 2 m (four at the corner and one at the center) subplots were established in the main plot sapling and seedling, respectively. DBH, height of trees and environmental data (altitude, latitude, longitude, aspect and slope) were recorded. Thirty-one indigenous woody species that belong to 23 families were observed. The Shannon-Wiener diversity indices of woody species in the study sites were 2.0, 2.14 and 2.38 in the higher, middle and lower altitude, respectively. The density of seedling, sapling, shrubs and trees were 6383, 1022,481 and 115 ha, respectively. Seven woody species (Juniperus procera, Pittosporum abyssinicum, Buddleja polystachya, Rhus retinorrhoea, Croton macrostachyus, Prunus africana and Acacia bussei) dominated the forest while Juniperus procera is the most dominated one (95 %). The structural analyses of the whole community of the study area shows a reverse “J” shape pattern, which indicate healthy regeneration status of woody species. However, the population structure of the aforementioned dominant species exhibited unhealthy structure. The study concluded that the forest is diverse, however, dominated by small-sized tree/shrub species that is under early stage of succession after disturbance. Therefore, intervention of forest management practices to enhance its diversity and natural regeneration is needed.
耶尔山森林是埃塞俄比亚中部高地上仅存的几片干燥的非洲山地森林之一。关于上述森林的木本物种组成、多样性和更新状况的资料缺乏。因此，本研究旨在研究额勒尔山森林木本物种的多样性、种群结构和更新状况。数据采集采用36块20 m × 20 m的乔灌木样地。在主样地建立2个5 m × 5 m(对角)和5个2 m × 2 m(角上4个，中心1个)子样地。记录树木胸径、树高和环境数据(海拔、纬度、经度、坡向、坡度)。共发现本地木本植物31种，隶属于23科。高、中、低海拔地区木本物种的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数分别为2.0、2.14和2.38。苗木、幼树、灌木和乔木密度分别为6383、1022、481和115 ha。7种木本树种(桧、Pittosporum abyssinicum、budleja polystachya、Rhus retinorrhoea、Croton macrostachyus、Prunus africana和Acacia bussei)是主要优势树种，其中以桧(Juniperus procera)优势树种最多(95%)。研究区整个群落结构分析呈倒“J”型，表明木本树种处于健康的更新状态。然而，上述优势种的种群结构呈现不健康结构。研究结果表明，林分多样，但以扰动后处于演替早期的小型乔灌木树种为主。因此，需要对森林管理实践进行干预，以增强其多样性和自然更新。
{"title":"Species diversity, population structure and regeneration status of woody species on Yerer Mountain Forest, Central Highlands of Ethiopia","authors":"Nesibu Yahya, B. Gebre, Genene Tesfaye","doi":"10.22271/tpr.2019.v6.i2.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22271/tpr.2019.v6.i2.030","url":null,"abstract":"Yerer Mountain forest is one of the few remaining dry Afromontane forests found in the central highlands of Ethiopia. Information on woody species composition, diversity and regeneration status in the aforementioned forest are lacking. The study, therefore, aims to study the diversity, population structure and regeneration status of woody species in the Forest of Yerer Mountain. Data were collected using 36 main plots of size 20 m × 20 m for tree/shrub. Two 5 m × 5 m (opposite corner) and five 2 m × 2 m (four at the corner and one at the center) subplots were established in the main plot sapling and seedling, respectively. DBH, height of trees and environmental data (altitude, latitude, longitude, aspect and slope) were recorded. Thirty-one indigenous woody species that belong to 23 families were observed. The Shannon-Wiener diversity indices of woody species in the study sites were 2.0, 2.14 and 2.38 in the higher, middle and lower altitude, respectively. The density of seedling, sapling, shrubs and trees were 6383, 1022,481 and 115 ha, respectively. Seven woody species (Juniperus procera, Pittosporum abyssinicum, Buddleja polystachya, Rhus retinorrhoea, Croton macrostachyus, Prunus africana and Acacia bussei) dominated the forest while Juniperus procera is the most dominated one (95 %). The structural analyses of the whole community of the study area shows a reverse “J” shape pattern, which indicate healthy regeneration status of woody species. However, the population structure of the aforementioned dominant species exhibited unhealthy structure. The study concluded that the forest is diverse, however, dominated by small-sized tree/shrub species that is under early stage of succession after disturbance. Therefore, intervention of forest management practices to enhance its diversity and natural regeneration is needed.","PeriodicalId":23334,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Plant Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86428059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.22271/tpr.2019.v6.i2.024
M. George, P. Ramteke
Aspergillus niger is the causal organism of “black mold” disease of fruits and vegetables. The objective of the present investigation was to characterize the pathogen morphologically in vitro and to confirm its molecular identity and phylogenetic position by the sequence of ITS region of rDNA. A. niger LKO1 was isolated from soil and cultured in PDB and PDA media. The characteristic of growth was monitored and the reproductive structures were analyzed. After 3 days of growth, the diameter of each colony was 1.5 cm, after which the colony was extended its diameter 1 cm per day and subsequently black conidiophores were formed with black pigmented spore heads carrying numerous conidia. Fungus was also characterized using molecular methods based on ITS-PCR (GenBank accession number MK696283). The amplified sequence was compared with the available sequences in the NCBI GenBank. The sequence showed 100% similarity with other isolates of A. niger. The isolation, morphological characterization and sequencing of ITS region of rDNA will help in further research on the management of this plant pathogen and its commercial utilization.
{"title":"Morphology, molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the ribosomal nuclear DNA (rDNA) sequence of a pathogenic fungal isolate Aspergillus niger LKO1","authors":"M. George, P. Ramteke","doi":"10.22271/tpr.2019.v6.i2.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22271/tpr.2019.v6.i2.024","url":null,"abstract":"Aspergillus niger is the causal organism of “black mold” disease of fruits and vegetables. The objective of the present investigation was to characterize the pathogen morphologically in vitro and to confirm its molecular identity and phylogenetic position by the sequence of ITS region of rDNA. A. niger LKO1 was isolated from soil and cultured in PDB and PDA media. The characteristic of growth was monitored and the reproductive structures were analyzed. After 3 days of growth, the diameter of each colony was 1.5 cm, after which the colony was extended its diameter 1 cm per day and subsequently black conidiophores were formed with black pigmented spore heads carrying numerous conidia. Fungus was also characterized using molecular methods based on ITS-PCR (GenBank accession number MK696283). The amplified sequence was compared with the available sequences in the NCBI GenBank. The sequence showed 100% similarity with other isolates of A. niger. The isolation, morphological characterization and sequencing of ITS region of rDNA will help in further research on the management of this plant pathogen and its commercial utilization.","PeriodicalId":23334,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Plant Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85613844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.22271/tpr.2019.v6.i2.038
rashmi singh, A. Gaur, Vipin Parkash
{"title":"Rhizospheric microbiota and its diversity associated with Zephyranthes rosea Lindl.: A medicinally important bulbaceous plant","authors":"rashmi singh, A. Gaur, Vipin Parkash","doi":"10.22271/tpr.2019.v6.i2.038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22271/tpr.2019.v6.i2.038","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23334,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Plant Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84847345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.22271/tpr.2019.v6.i2.036
L.N.R. Gunaratna, N. Deshappriya, D. Jayaratne, R. Rajapaksha
Allium cepa is used as a condiment and reduction of yield due to infectious diseases is a major economical constraint. The present study was aimed at isolation and identification of fungal pathogens associated with damping-off disease of onion in Sri Lanka. Trichoderma spp. present in the soil of the same onion fields were isolated with a view to evaluating them as possible biocontrol agents of damping-off pathogen(s). The diseased seedlings were collected from fifty-five onion fields in Matale and Anuradhapura districts during the yala season. Soil collected from the same onion fields and soil fungi isolated using the Warcup method. Fusarium sp. isolated from diseased seedlings was confirmed to be the causative agent of damping-off disease of big onions by following Koch’s postulates. The pathogenic Fusarium sp. was identified as Fusarium solani based on the similarity matches of the Internal Transcribed Spacer region using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool. Two Trichoderma spp. showing significantly high (p ≤0.05) reduction of growth of F. solani in dual culture assay, higher sporulation capacity and growth rates were identified as T. asperellum (Tr.3) and T. virens (Tr.1). Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using two primer pairs i.e. ITS 1 and ITS 4, FR 1 and NS 1 were used to characterize the seven Trichoderma spp. while ITS 1 and ITS 4 were used to characterize Fusarium spp. Although a lesser degree of polymorphism was detected using these primers, the random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis had the ability to differentiate T. asperellum, T. virens and F. solani. The capability of two Trichoderma spp. to suppress F. solani is through formation of loops and coils and attachment of hyphal tips. They also had the ability to produce Chitinase and volatile metabolites that controlled the growth of F. solani.
{"title":"Damping-off disease of big onion (Allium cepa L.) in Sri Lanka and evaluation of Trichoderma asperellum and Trichoderma virens for its control","authors":"L.N.R. Gunaratna, N. Deshappriya, D. Jayaratne, R. Rajapaksha","doi":"10.22271/tpr.2019.v6.i2.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22271/tpr.2019.v6.i2.036","url":null,"abstract":"Allium cepa is used as a condiment and reduction of yield due to infectious diseases is a major economical constraint. The present study was aimed at isolation and identification of fungal pathogens associated with damping-off disease of onion in Sri Lanka. Trichoderma spp. present in the soil of the same onion fields were isolated with a view to evaluating them as possible biocontrol agents of damping-off pathogen(s). The diseased seedlings were collected from fifty-five onion fields in Matale and Anuradhapura districts during the yala season. Soil collected from the same onion fields and soil fungi isolated using the Warcup method. Fusarium sp. isolated from diseased seedlings was confirmed to be the causative agent of damping-off disease of big onions by following Koch’s postulates. The pathogenic Fusarium sp. was identified as Fusarium solani based on the similarity matches of the Internal Transcribed Spacer region using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool. Two Trichoderma spp. showing significantly high (p ≤0.05) reduction of growth of F. solani in dual culture assay, higher sporulation capacity and growth rates were identified as T. asperellum (Tr.3) and T. virens (Tr.1). Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using two primer pairs i.e. ITS 1 and ITS 4, FR 1 and NS 1 were used to characterize the seven Trichoderma spp. while ITS 1 and ITS 4 were used to characterize Fusarium spp. Although a lesser degree of polymorphism was detected using these primers, the random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis had the ability to differentiate T. asperellum, T. virens and F. solani. The capability of two Trichoderma spp. to suppress F. solani is through formation of loops and coils and attachment of hyphal tips. They also had the ability to produce Chitinase and volatile metabolites that controlled the growth of F. solani.","PeriodicalId":23334,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Plant Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80403363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.22271/tpr.2019.v6.i2.042
Nery Sofiyanti
The fern inventorization in the coastal area of Riau, Indonesia have never been reported. This study aimed to identify Aspleniaceae and Polypodiaceae species from the coastal region of Riau and examined their morphology and palynology. Samples were collected from the field using exploration method and were then prepared for palynologycal study. Spore observation was carried out using Scanning Electron Microcopy. A total of 7 species were identified in this study (3 Aspleniaceae species and 4 Polypodiaceae species), with 2 species are new record in the peridoflora checklist from Riau, i.e. Asplenium longissimum and Asplenium glaucophyllum. We observed monolete spore from all of the examined species.
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