Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.22271/TPR.2018.V5.I3.038
R. Prameela, J. Swamy, M. Venkaiah
The family Iridaceae Juss. contains 70 genera and 2000 species having a cosmopolitan distribution, with the highest diversity in Southern Africa, East Mediterranean, Central and South America (Mabberley 2008). The genus Eleutherine Herb. is a member of the new world tribe Tigridieae of Iridaceae and comprises low-growing bulbous plants with pleated lanceolate leaves and small white, evening-blooming flowers (Goldblatta & Snow 1991), and comprises four species. Eleutherine angusta Ravenna native range is Mato Grosso do Sul (Brazil) to Paraguay of South America. E. bulbosa (Mill.) Urb. is distributed in Mexico, Caribbean, and Central and South America; it is introduced and cultivated in several parts of Africa and Asia, and now naturalized in Indochina, Philippines, and in some parts of India. E. citriodora (Ravenna) Ravenna from northern Argentina, and E. latifolia (Standl. & L.O.Williams) Ravenna is distributed in northern Central America and subtropical South America. (Goldblatta & Snow 1991, The Plant List 2013). During a short visit to the Vizianagaram district in Andhra Pradesh, the authors collected an Eleutherine Herb. species in flower from Eastern Ghats (Mantrajola forest of Andhra Pradesh), which was later identified as Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb., is distributed in Mexico, Caribbean, and Central and South America. It is introduced and cultivated in several parts of Africa and Asia, and now naturalized in Indochina, Philippines, and in some parts of India (Pradeep 1995). Scrutiny of Indian literature reveals that the species was first collected from the Bengal by Prain (1903), and reported as a Cipura paludosa Aubl. Since then Santapau & Henry (Santapau & Henry 1973), Karthikeyan et al. (1989) have followed Prain (1903) in the nomenclature of this species. Pradeep (1995) observed this species under cultivation in many gardens of India and reported from Kerala, and not from the Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh and hence the present collection is reported as a new distributional record for the Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh. Detailed description, updated citation, habitat, distribution and colour photographs are provided to facilitate easy identification.
鸢尾科鸢尾。包含70属和2000种，具有世界分布，在非洲南部、东地中海、中美洲和南美洲的多样性最高(Mabberley 2008)。叶绿草属。是鸢尾科新世界tigridiae部落的一员，包括低矮的球茎植物，褶皱披针形叶子和小的白色，晚开的花(Goldblatta & Snow 1991)，由四个物种组成。Eleutherine angusta Ravenna原产于南马托格罗索州(巴西)至南美洲巴拉圭。球茎(密尔)市区。分布在墨西哥、加勒比海、中美洲和南美洲;E. citriodora (Ravenna)产自阿根廷北部的Ravenna, E. latifolia (Standl。(L.O.Williams)拉文纳分布在中美洲北部和南美洲亚热带。(Goldblatta & Snow 1991, The Plant List 2013)。在对安得拉邦Vizianagaram地区的短暂访问中，作者收集了一株eleucatherine Herb。来自东高特山脉(安得拉邦的Mantrajola森林)的花种，后来被确定为Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.)。市区。它分布在墨西哥、加勒比海、中美洲和南美洲。对印度文献的仔细研究表明，该物种最初是由Prain(1903年)从孟加拉收集的，并被报道为Cipura paludosa Aubl。此后，Santapau & Henry (Santapau & Henry 1973)、Karthikeyan等人(1989)追随Prain(1903)对该物种进行了命名。Pradeep(1995)在印度的许多花园中观察到该物种的种植，并从喀拉拉邦报道，而不是从安得拉邦的东高特山脉报道，因此目前的收集被报道为安得拉邦东高特山脉的新分布记录。详细描述，最新引用，栖息地，分布和彩色照片，以方便识别。
{"title":"Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb. (Iridaceae): A new distributional record to the flora of Eastern Ghats, India","authors":"R. Prameela, J. Swamy, M. Venkaiah","doi":"10.22271/TPR.2018.V5.I3.038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22271/TPR.2018.V5.I3.038","url":null,"abstract":"The family Iridaceae Juss. contains 70 genera and 2000 species having a cosmopolitan distribution, with the highest diversity in Southern Africa, East Mediterranean, Central and South America (Mabberley 2008). The genus Eleutherine Herb. is a member of the new world tribe Tigridieae of Iridaceae and comprises low-growing bulbous plants with pleated lanceolate leaves and small white, evening-blooming flowers (Goldblatta & Snow 1991), and comprises four species. Eleutherine angusta Ravenna native range is Mato Grosso do Sul (Brazil) to Paraguay of South America. E. bulbosa (Mill.) Urb. is distributed in Mexico, Caribbean, and Central and South America; it is introduced and cultivated in several parts of Africa and Asia, and now naturalized in Indochina, Philippines, and in some parts of India. E. citriodora (Ravenna) Ravenna from northern Argentina, and E. latifolia (Standl. & L.O.Williams) Ravenna is distributed in northern Central America and subtropical South America. (Goldblatta & Snow 1991, The Plant List 2013). During a short visit to the Vizianagaram district in Andhra Pradesh, the authors collected an Eleutherine Herb. species in flower from Eastern Ghats (Mantrajola forest of Andhra Pradesh), which was later identified as Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb., is distributed in Mexico, Caribbean, and Central and South America. It is introduced and cultivated in several parts of Africa and Asia, and now naturalized in Indochina, Philippines, and in some parts of India (Pradeep 1995). Scrutiny of Indian literature reveals that the species was first collected from the Bengal by Prain (1903), and reported as a Cipura paludosa Aubl. Since then Santapau & Henry (Santapau & Henry 1973), Karthikeyan et al. (1989) have followed Prain (1903) in the nomenclature of this species. Pradeep (1995) observed this species under cultivation in many gardens of India and reported from Kerala, and not from the Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh and hence the present collection is reported as a new distributional record for the Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh. Detailed description, updated citation, habitat, distribution and colour photographs are provided to facilitate easy identification.","PeriodicalId":23334,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Plant Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81183221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.22271/TPR.2018.V5.I3.049
P. Verma, R. Verma
The enzyme is a biocatalyst and processes many biological activities. In the present investigation soil samples were collected from iron ore mined overburden soil and fungal flora were isolated. For qualitative estimation of fungi for amylase activity, plate assay method was used. Out of 99 fungi, only 21 test fungi were found to produce amylase. Most of the amylase producers identified belonged to Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Periconia sp., Scytalidium sp., Memmoniella sp., Trichoderma sp., Phoma sp. and Fusarium sp. followed by Alternaria sp. Other 78 test fungi were found to grow on medium, but were unable to produce amylase. Maximum 44 fungi were isolated from Trichocomaceae family and one fungus from Chaetomiaceae and Myxotrichaceae family. Isolated fungi of Chaetomiaceae, Mucoraceae, Mycosphaerelleaceae, Myxotrichaceae and Nectriaceae family were unable to produce enzyme. Maximum numbers of enzyme producing fungi belongede to Trichocomaceae family, followed by Incertae sedis. In the present investigation observed that Penicillium sp. 1 give the highest relative enzyme activity index.
{"title":"Qualitative estimation of amylase enzyme activity of fungal species isolated from iron ore mined overburden soil","authors":"P. Verma, R. Verma","doi":"10.22271/TPR.2018.V5.I3.049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22271/TPR.2018.V5.I3.049","url":null,"abstract":"The enzyme is a biocatalyst and processes many biological activities. In the present investigation soil samples were collected from iron ore mined overburden soil and fungal flora were isolated. For qualitative estimation of fungi for amylase activity, plate assay method was used. Out of 99 fungi, only 21 test fungi were found to produce amylase. Most of the amylase producers identified belonged to Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Periconia sp., Scytalidium sp., Memmoniella sp., Trichoderma sp., Phoma sp. and Fusarium sp. followed by Alternaria sp. Other 78 test fungi were found to grow on medium, but were unable to produce amylase. Maximum 44 fungi were isolated from Trichocomaceae family and one fungus from Chaetomiaceae and Myxotrichaceae family. Isolated fungi of Chaetomiaceae, Mucoraceae, Mycosphaerelleaceae, Myxotrichaceae and Nectriaceae family were unable to produce enzyme. Maximum numbers of enzyme producing fungi belongede to Trichocomaceae family, followed by Incertae sedis. In the present investigation observed that Penicillium sp. 1 give the highest relative enzyme activity index.","PeriodicalId":23334,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Plant Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90401554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.22271/TPR.2018.V5.I3.040
N. Ansari
Surajpur Reserve Forest is a prominent forested wetland site in the National Capital Region, India, known for its rich floral and faunal biodiversity. The present study was conducted to assess the habitat characteristics, vegetation composition and plant community classification from March 2010 to February 2013. Stratified random sampling techniques applied for sampling of vegetation in circular and quadrat plots and TWINSPAN analysis was used in PC-ORD Software for classification of plant communities. A total of 257 vascular plants belonging to 214 genera and 65 families were recorded, including a comprehensive herbarium of 267 plant specimens have been recorded from 3 major habitats (woodland, grassland and wetland) and 9 microhabitats. A maximum of 157 plants in woodland, 73 plants in grassland and 65 plants in wetland habitat were recorded. Flowering and fruiting plants recorded maximum in monsoon followed by summers and winters. Various life-forms include 144 herbs, 39 trees, 31 grasses, 20 climbers, 12 shrubs and 11 sedges. A total of 51% plant species as abundant and 14% plant species as rare have been recorded. Woodland habitat recorded maximum density and diversity of herbs and shrubs. Five dominant plant communities have been identified in terrestrial and 3 in wetland habitat. The results indicate that Surajpur wetland supports a mosaic of habitat which enables the conservation and protection of threatened flora and fauna in an urban environment. The conservation implications are discussed in light of the results hitherto unreported.
{"title":"Habitat characterization and plant community classification of Surajpur Reserve Forest: a potential bird sanctuary in National Capital Region, India","authors":"N. Ansari","doi":"10.22271/TPR.2018.V5.I3.040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22271/TPR.2018.V5.I3.040","url":null,"abstract":"Surajpur Reserve Forest is a prominent forested wetland site in the National Capital Region, India, known for its rich floral and faunal biodiversity. The present study was conducted to assess the habitat characteristics, vegetation composition and plant community classification from March 2010 to February 2013. Stratified random sampling techniques applied for sampling of vegetation in circular and quadrat plots and TWINSPAN analysis was used in PC-ORD Software for classification of plant communities. A total of 257 vascular plants belonging to 214 genera and 65 families were recorded, including a comprehensive herbarium of 267 plant specimens have been recorded from 3 major habitats (woodland, grassland and wetland) and 9 microhabitats. A maximum of 157 plants in woodland, 73 plants in grassland and 65 plants in wetland habitat were recorded. Flowering and fruiting plants recorded maximum in monsoon followed by summers and winters. Various life-forms include 144 herbs, 39 trees, 31 grasses, 20 climbers, 12 shrubs and 11 sedges. A total of 51% plant species as abundant and 14% plant species as rare have been recorded. Woodland habitat recorded maximum density and diversity of herbs and shrubs. Five dominant plant communities have been identified in terrestrial and 3 in wetland habitat. The results indicate that Surajpur wetland supports a mosaic of habitat which enables the conservation and protection of threatened flora and fauna in an urban environment. The conservation implications are discussed in light of the results hitherto unreported.","PeriodicalId":23334,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Plant Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84309700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.22271/TPR.2018.V5.I3.048
Z. Syahirah, J. Noor, A. M. Syafinie
The aim of this study is to determine the diversity of mangrove trees species and forest content such as number of species, trees height, diameter breast height (DBH) and trees density of mangrove species in disturbed and undisturbed area at delta Tumpat, Kelantan, Malaysia. The site selection of undisturbed mangrove areas were the area that far from local settlements and free from any development which is located at Layang-layang Island, Bedal Island, Nelayan Island and Tanjung Duff Island. Whereas, Tujuh Island and Kambing Island were selected as disturbed mangrove area as their location was near to the settlements. A total of ten rectangular plots were established randomly at both area and each plot size is set at 20 x 10m. The sampling area was 0.2 hectare (ha). From the findings, there were five mangrove species identified at both disturbed and undisturbed mangrove area which are Avicennia marina, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata and Sonneratia caseolaris. The average DBH at undisturbed mangrove area ranges from 3 to12cm, compared to 4 to 8cm in disturbed mangrove area. The range of average height of mangrove species in undisturbed area is 3 to 10m and 1 to 6m for disturbed area. In delta Tumpat, the diversity of mangrove in undisturbed area is higher than in disturbed area calculated using Shannon-Weiner index (H’) with 1.54 and 0.38. Species richness community increase as the Shannon-Weiner index increase.
{"title":"Effect of disturbance on mangrove species diversity in Delta Tumpat, Kelantan, Malaysia","authors":"Z. Syahirah, J. Noor, A. M. Syafinie","doi":"10.22271/TPR.2018.V5.I3.048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22271/TPR.2018.V5.I3.048","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to determine the diversity of mangrove trees species and forest content such as number of species, trees height, diameter breast height (DBH) and trees density of mangrove species in disturbed and undisturbed area at delta Tumpat, Kelantan, Malaysia. The site selection of undisturbed mangrove areas were the area that far from local settlements and free from any development which is located at Layang-layang Island, Bedal Island, Nelayan Island and Tanjung Duff Island. Whereas, Tujuh Island and Kambing Island were selected as disturbed mangrove area as their location was near to the settlements. A total of ten rectangular plots were established randomly at both area and each plot size is set at 20 x 10m. The sampling area was 0.2 hectare (ha). From the findings, there were five mangrove species identified at both disturbed and undisturbed mangrove area which are Avicennia marina, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata and Sonneratia caseolaris. The average DBH at undisturbed mangrove area ranges from 3 to12cm, compared to 4 to 8cm in disturbed mangrove area. The range of average height of mangrove species in undisturbed area is 3 to 10m and 1 to 6m for disturbed area. In delta Tumpat, the diversity of mangrove in undisturbed area is higher than in disturbed area calculated using Shannon-Weiner index (H’) with 1.54 and 0.38. Species richness community increase as the Shannon-Weiner index increase.","PeriodicalId":23334,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Plant Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81551864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.22271/TPR.2018.V5.I3.036
N. Hewavitharana, S. Kannangara, L. Jayasekera, P. Weerasinghe
Nutrients (C, N, P, K, Mg, Ca, Cu, Fe Mn and Zn), fiber contents and decomposition rates of seven invasive plants (Mikania scandens, Tithonia diversifolia, Lantana camara, Sphagneticola trilobata, Chromolaena odorata, Mimosa pigra and Panicum maximum) were analyzed aiming at their potentiality to prepare cost effective, organic compost for crop cultivation. Litter bag technique was used to measure the decomposition rates. Significantly the highest nutrient contents; N (3.44%), Mg (1.3%), Cu (34 mg kg), Fe (393 mg kg), Mn (150 mg kg) and Zn (671 mg kg) were found in M. scandens. T. diversifolia had significantly higher P (0.37%) and Ca (4.92%) contents than that of others. S. trilobata showed significantly higher K content (4.32%). Whereas, M. scandens and T. diversifolia showed significantly lower organic carbon contents (16.8% and 19.8%), crude fiber contents (4.85% and 3.50%) and C:N ratio (4.8 and 6.1) respectively. Significantly higher decomposition rates were observed in M. scandens (k= 12.91 per year) and T. diversifolia (k= 10.77 per year). Although the nutrient contents and decomposition rate (k= 3.41 per year) in P. maximum were significantly lower, but its carbon (33.7%), crude fiber content (20.42%) and C:N ratio (26.5) were significantly higher than that of others. T. diversifolia and M. scandens have the potential to use in low cost organic compost preparation, due to their comparatively higher nutrients and decomposition rates. P.maximum can also be incorporated in preparing compost for its higher crude fiber content to improve the soil physical properties.
{"title":"Determination of nutrients and fiber contents of seven invasive plants and their decomposition rates","authors":"N. Hewavitharana, S. Kannangara, L. Jayasekera, P. Weerasinghe","doi":"10.22271/TPR.2018.V5.I3.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22271/TPR.2018.V5.I3.036","url":null,"abstract":"Nutrients (C, N, P, K, Mg, Ca, Cu, Fe Mn and Zn), fiber contents and decomposition rates of seven invasive plants (Mikania scandens, Tithonia diversifolia, Lantana camara, Sphagneticola trilobata, Chromolaena odorata, Mimosa pigra and Panicum maximum) were analyzed aiming at their potentiality to prepare cost effective, organic compost for crop cultivation. Litter bag technique was used to measure the decomposition rates. Significantly the highest nutrient contents; N (3.44%), Mg (1.3%), Cu (34 mg kg), Fe (393 mg kg), Mn (150 mg kg) and Zn (671 mg kg) were found in M. scandens. T. diversifolia had significantly higher P (0.37%) and Ca (4.92%) contents than that of others. S. trilobata showed significantly higher K content (4.32%). Whereas, M. scandens and T. diversifolia showed significantly lower organic carbon contents (16.8% and 19.8%), crude fiber contents (4.85% and 3.50%) and C:N ratio (4.8 and 6.1) respectively. Significantly higher decomposition rates were observed in M. scandens (k= 12.91 per year) and T. diversifolia (k= 10.77 per year). Although the nutrient contents and decomposition rate (k= 3.41 per year) in P. maximum were significantly lower, but its carbon (33.7%), crude fiber content (20.42%) and C:N ratio (26.5) were significantly higher than that of others. T. diversifolia and M. scandens have the potential to use in low cost organic compost preparation, due to their comparatively higher nutrients and decomposition rates. P.maximum can also be incorporated in preparing compost for its higher crude fiber content to improve the soil physical properties.","PeriodicalId":23334,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Plant Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78103799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.22271/TPR.2018.V5.I3.043
F. A. Faruwa, E. Iyiola
This study investigates the sorption behaviour of thermally and chemically modified selected wood species. Wood samples of dimensions 20 mm × 20 mm × 20 mm were used in this study. The samples were oven dried and thermally treated at temperatures of 160°C, 180°C and 200°C for 30 minutes. Another set of wood samples were prepared for chemical treatment (Acetylation) inside an oven at 80C for 180 min. The colour varied from light cream to slightly brown at 160°C and very brown at 200°C for thermally modified wood. The color of the chemical modified wood changes from being yellowish of the untreated wood to pale yellow in colour. The percentage weight loss increases with temperature from 22.62% at 160°C to 26.46% at 180°C and 20.8% for Percentage Weight Gain (PWG). The average value of water absorption ranged from 8.60 to 16 %; 26 to 40.78 %; 35 to 50.35 % and 42.88 to 57.53 % for 1 hour to 78 hrs respectively. The value for the chemically modified wood ranged between 5.22 and 5.59 %, with RH of 97% and 7% having the lowest and highest value respectively. The study revealed that there was a reduction in the weight and density of thermally treated wood as a result of thermolysis and weight was gained after chemical modification.
本研究考察了经热改性和化学改性的精选木材的吸附行为。本研究采用尺寸为20 mm × 20 mm × 20 mm的木材样品。样品在160°C、180°C和200°C的温度下进行烘箱干燥和热处理30分钟。另一组木材样品在80℃的烤箱中进行化学处理(乙酰化)180分钟。在160℃时，颜色从浅奶油色到微棕色，在200℃时，热改性木材的颜色非常棕色。化学改性木材的颜色由未处理木材的淡黄色变为淡黄色。随着温度的升高，失重百分比从160℃时的22.62%增加到180℃时的26.46%，增重百分比(PWG)增加到20.8%。平均吸水率为8.60% ~ 16%;26% ~ 40.78%;1小时~ 78小时，分别为35 ~ 50.35%和42.88 ~ 57.53%。化学改性木材的相对湿度在5.22 ~ 5.59%之间，相对湿度最低为97%，最高为7%。研究表明，热处理木材的重量和密度由于热分解而减少，化学改性后重量增加。
{"title":"Sorption behaviour of thermally and chemically modified selected wood species","authors":"F. A. Faruwa, E. Iyiola","doi":"10.22271/TPR.2018.V5.I3.043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22271/TPR.2018.V5.I3.043","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the sorption behaviour of thermally and chemically modified selected wood species. Wood samples of dimensions 20 mm × 20 mm × 20 mm were used in this study. The samples were oven dried and thermally treated at temperatures of 160°C, 180°C and 200°C for 30 minutes. Another set of wood samples were prepared for chemical treatment (Acetylation) inside an oven at 80C for 180 min. The colour varied from light cream to slightly brown at 160°C and very brown at 200°C for thermally modified wood. The color of the chemical modified wood changes from being yellowish of the untreated wood to pale yellow in colour. The percentage weight loss increases with temperature from 22.62% at 160°C to 26.46% at 180°C and 20.8% for Percentage Weight Gain (PWG). The average value of water absorption ranged from 8.60 to 16 %; 26 to 40.78 %; 35 to 50.35 % and 42.88 to 57.53 % for 1 hour to 78 hrs respectively. The value for the chemically modified wood ranged between 5.22 and 5.59 %, with RH of 97% and 7% having the lowest and highest value respectively. The study revealed that there was a reduction in the weight and density of thermally treated wood as a result of thermolysis and weight was gained after chemical modification.","PeriodicalId":23334,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Plant Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78129484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.22271/tpr.2018.v5.i3.051
S. Rout, S. Panda, T. Panda
The present paper documents the findings of phytosociological attributes which have been carried out in tropical moist deciduous forest of Kuldiha Wildlife Sanctuary, Odisha, India. The main objectives of this study are to identify, characterize and classify the vegetation community which is naturally distributed in the forest reserve. The vegetation sampling and data analysis were done following standard procedures. One hundred and eight plant species belonging to 38 families in the form of 38 species of trees, 38 species of shrubs and 32 species of herbs are documented. The most common plant species based on importance value in tree, shrub and herb layers are Terminalia tomentosa (IVI-292.27), Shorea robusta (RVI-50.89) and Croton roxburghii (RVI17.11) respectively. Euphorbiaceae is found to be most dominant family. The incidence of fire, livestock grazing and other anthropogenic disturbance are responsible for depletion of the old and uneven age structure of forest. This study provides baseline information on the dry forests of Kuldiha Wildlife Sanctuary. Appropriate conservation and management can considerably improve the botanical value of Kuldiha Wildlife Sanctuary, and consequently their value for other life forms.
{"title":"Phytosociological and floristic evaluation of Kuldiha Wildlife Sanctuary, Odisha, India","authors":"S. Rout, S. Panda, T. Panda","doi":"10.22271/tpr.2018.v5.i3.051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22271/tpr.2018.v5.i3.051","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper documents the findings of phytosociological attributes which have been carried out in tropical moist deciduous forest of Kuldiha Wildlife Sanctuary, Odisha, India. The main objectives of this study are to identify, characterize and classify the vegetation community which is naturally distributed in the forest reserve. The vegetation sampling and data analysis were done following standard procedures. One hundred and eight plant species belonging to 38 families in the form of 38 species of trees, 38 species of shrubs and 32 species of herbs are documented. The most common plant species based on importance value in tree, shrub and herb layers are Terminalia tomentosa (IVI-292.27), Shorea robusta (RVI-50.89) and Croton roxburghii (RVI17.11) respectively. Euphorbiaceae is found to be most dominant family. The incidence of fire, livestock grazing and other anthropogenic disturbance are responsible for depletion of the old and uneven age structure of forest. This study provides baseline information on the dry forests of Kuldiha Wildlife Sanctuary. Appropriate conservation and management can considerably improve the botanical value of Kuldiha Wildlife Sanctuary, and consequently their value for other life forms.","PeriodicalId":23334,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Plant Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90974644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.22271/TPR.2018.V5.I3.042
Montasir Shamim, N. Saha, Farhana Bintay Hye
Biochar application to soil has been recognized worldwide for enhancing plant productivity, soil properties as well as long term carbon storage. But very few studies related to biochar have been undertaken in the tropical region. This study has been undertaken in the nursery of Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology in Sylhet, Bangladesh to assess the impact of various treatments of three different biochar on germination and early growth of paddy (Oryza sativa). The selected species used as feedstock for biochar production are Albizia saman (Raintree), Neolamarckia cadamba (Kadam), and Albizia richardiana (Chambul). Biochar was produced by using Kon-Tiki kiln. Two treatments viz. 10 t ha and 15 t ha for each biochar were applied along with Control. Complete Randomized Block Design (CRBD) was followed as experimental design. Data were analyzed by using Tukey HSD post hoc test and ANOVA. In the case of germination percentage biochar treatments did not show significant (P < 0.05) increase compared to control. The 15 t ha application rate of Raintree biochar showed significant (P < 0.05) increase in root length compared to control. For shoot dry weight 15 t ha application rate of Raintree and 10 t ha application rate of Chambul showed significant (P < 0.05) increase than control. While 10 t ha of Kadam biochar showed significant (P < 0.05) increase in RWC than control. Soil chemical test showed that Chambul biochar’s 15 t ha application rate shows strongly significant (P <0.001) increase of NPK than control.
生物炭在土壤中的应用已被公认为提高植物生产力，土壤性质以及长期碳储存。但是，在热带地区进行的与生物炭有关的研究很少。本研究是在孟加拉国Sylhet的Shahjalal科技大学林业与环境科学系苗圃进行的，旨在评估三种不同生物炭处理对水稻(Oryza sativa)萌发和早期生长的影响。作为生物炭生产原料的选择物种是Albizia saman (Raintree)， Neolamarckia cadamba (Kadam)和Albizia richardiana (Chambul)。采用康提基窑生产生物炭。与对照一起施用两种处理，即每种生物炭各10吨和15吨。采用完全随机区组设计(CRBD)作为实验设计。数据分析采用Tukey HSD事后检验和方差分析。与对照相比，生物炭处理的发芽率没有显著提高(P < 0.05)。施用15 t / h的雨树生物炭显著(P < 0.05)增加了根长。在茎部干重方面，15 t、10 t施用量雨树和香蒲显著高于对照(P < 0.05)。加10 t炭处理的RWC显著高于对照(P < 0.05)。土壤化学试验表明，施用15 t / h Chambul生物炭的氮磷钾含量显著高于对照(P <0.001)。
{"title":"Effect of biochar on seed germination, early growth of Oryza sativa L. and soil nutrients","authors":"Montasir Shamim, N. Saha, Farhana Bintay Hye","doi":"10.22271/TPR.2018.V5.I3.042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22271/TPR.2018.V5.I3.042","url":null,"abstract":"Biochar application to soil has been recognized worldwide for enhancing plant productivity, soil properties as well as long term carbon storage. But very few studies related to biochar have been undertaken in the tropical region. This study has been undertaken in the nursery of Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology in Sylhet, Bangladesh to assess the impact of various treatments of three different biochar on germination and early growth of paddy (Oryza sativa). The selected species used as feedstock for biochar production are Albizia saman (Raintree), Neolamarckia cadamba (Kadam), and Albizia richardiana (Chambul). Biochar was produced by using Kon-Tiki kiln. Two treatments viz. 10 t ha and 15 t ha for each biochar were applied along with Control. Complete Randomized Block Design (CRBD) was followed as experimental design. Data were analyzed by using Tukey HSD post hoc test and ANOVA. In the case of germination percentage biochar treatments did not show significant (P < 0.05) increase compared to control. The 15 t ha application rate of Raintree biochar showed significant (P < 0.05) increase in root length compared to control. For shoot dry weight 15 t ha application rate of Raintree and 10 t ha application rate of Chambul showed significant (P < 0.05) increase than control. While 10 t ha of Kadam biochar showed significant (P < 0.05) increase in RWC than control. Soil chemical test showed that Chambul biochar’s 15 t ha application rate shows strongly significant (P <0.001) increase of NPK than control.","PeriodicalId":23334,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Plant Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91149103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.22271/tpr.2018.v5.i3.047
M. George, P. Ramteke
Soil-borne fungi Pythium aphanidermatum causes damping-off of cucumber, coriander and other economically important plants in India and presumably in many other countries. The objective of the present investigation was to characterize the pathogen morphologically in vitro and to confirm its molecular identity by the sequence of ITS region of rDNA. P. aphanidermatum was isolated from soil and cultured in PDB broth and PDA solid media. The characteristic of growth was monitored and the reproductive structures were analyzed. Hyphae were grown with a daily increment of 2.5-3.0 cm on PDB. Sporangia were swollen, multinucleate and usually measure 10-50 μm in diameter. Oogonia were found mostly terminal, spherical, 22-27 μm in diameter. Fungus was also characterized using molecular methods based on ITS-PCR. The amplified sequence was compared with the available sequences in the NCBI GenBank. The sequence showed 99% similarity with other species of Pythium. Based on the morphological and molecular characters isolate was confirmed as Pythium aphanidermatum. The isolation, morphological characterization and sequencing of ITS region of rDNA will add knowledge to the scientific community for proper identification and in-depth research on the management of this plant pathogen.
{"title":"Molecular identification based on the sequence of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the ribosomal nuclear DNA (rDNA) of pathogenic fungus Pythium aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitzp. isolated from soil and its morphology","authors":"M. George, P. Ramteke","doi":"10.22271/tpr.2018.v5.i3.047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22271/tpr.2018.v5.i3.047","url":null,"abstract":"Soil-borne fungi Pythium aphanidermatum causes damping-off of cucumber, coriander and other economically important plants in India and presumably in many other countries. The objective of the present investigation was to characterize the pathogen morphologically in vitro and to confirm its molecular identity by the sequence of ITS region of rDNA. P. aphanidermatum was isolated from soil and cultured in PDB broth and PDA solid media. The characteristic of growth was monitored and the reproductive structures were analyzed. Hyphae were grown with a daily increment of 2.5-3.0 cm on PDB. Sporangia were swollen, multinucleate and usually measure 10-50 μm in diameter. Oogonia were found mostly terminal, spherical, 22-27 μm in diameter. Fungus was also characterized using molecular methods based on ITS-PCR. The amplified sequence was compared with the available sequences in the NCBI GenBank. The sequence showed 99% similarity with other species of Pythium. Based on the morphological and molecular characters isolate was confirmed as Pythium aphanidermatum. The isolation, morphological characterization and sequencing of ITS region of rDNA will add knowledge to the scientific community for proper identification and in-depth research on the management of this plant pathogen.","PeriodicalId":23334,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Plant Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73575828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.22271/tpr.2018.v5.i3.050
N. Srivastava, A. Shukla
Protected areas play a very significant role in the conservation of medicinal plants and traditional knowledge. Chandra Prabha Wildlife Sanctuary (CPWLS) is situated in the district Chandauli. The presented study was carried out in the area of CPWLS for survey and collection of medicinal plants. Information on medicinal properties of plants encountered in the present study was generated through surveys and relevant literature. A total of 121 medicinally important plant species were reported. The present study aimed to document the traditional uses of different plant parts of medicinal plants. Present study of diversity of medicinal plant in CPWLS is helpful for information on medicinal values of plant species will also be helpful in conservation of these plant resources.
{"title":"Diversity and uses of medicinal plants in Chandra Prabha Wildlife Sanctuary, Chandauli district, Uttar Pradesh","authors":"N. Srivastava, A. Shukla","doi":"10.22271/tpr.2018.v5.i3.050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22271/tpr.2018.v5.i3.050","url":null,"abstract":"Protected areas play a very significant role in the conservation of medicinal plants and traditional knowledge. Chandra Prabha Wildlife Sanctuary (CPWLS) is situated in the district Chandauli. The presented study was carried out in the area of CPWLS for survey and collection of medicinal plants. Information on medicinal properties of plants encountered in the present study was generated through surveys and relevant literature. A total of 121 medicinally important plant species were reported. The present study aimed to document the traditional uses of different plant parts of medicinal plants. Present study of diversity of medicinal plant in CPWLS is helpful for information on medicinal values of plant species will also be helpful in conservation of these plant resources.","PeriodicalId":23334,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Plant Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87415441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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