Pub Date : 2019-04-30DOI: 10.22271/tpr.2019.v6.i1.016
C. P. Muthupandi, R. Kottaimuthu, K. Rajendran
INTRODUCTION The family Acanthaceae is positioned under the order Lamiales and belong to the core class Euasterids I of Core Eudicots (Chase & Reveal 2009). According to the recent estimate (Karthikeyan et al. 2009) 593 Acanthaceae taxa (475 species and 118 varieties) are present in India. The genus Hygrophila R.Br. belongs to the tribe Ruellieae of family Acanthaceae (Scotland & Vollessen 2000) and comprises about 100 species (Hu & Daniel 2011). India is known to have 18 species (Karthikeyan et al. 2009, Sunojkumar & Prasad 2014), of these H. madurensis and H. thymus are endemic to Tamil Nadu (Singh et al. 2015, Kottaimuthu et al. 2018). During the course of our recent studies on the wetland plants of Madurai District, we have collected an interesting species of Acanthaceae that is characterized by distinctly pedicellate flowers, pedunculate cymes and linear–oblong capsules. Critical studies with pertinent literature; it is identified as Hygrophila madurensis (N. P. Balakr. & Subram.) Karthik. & Moorthy (Balakrishnan & Subramanyam 1963, Balakrishnan 1988, Raja et al. 2015). A perusal of literature revealed that this species is listed as critically endangered and endemic to Tamil Nadu, found along the foothills of the Eastern Ghats (Balakrishnan 1988, Nayar 1996, Walter & Gillett 1998, Reddy et al. 2006, Arisdason 2011). However, this species was not included in Acanthaceae of Eastern Ghats (Pullaiah et al. 2011). A detailed description, photographs, associated species and threat status are provided for easy identification and conservation of this little known endemic species.
棘科(Acanthaceae)隶属于棘目(Lamiales)，属于core Eudicots核心纲Euasterids I (Chase & Reveal 2009)。根据最近的估计(Karthikeyan et al. 2009)，印度目前有593个棘科分类群(475种和118个变种)。嗜湿植物属。属于棘科的Ruellieae部落(Scotland & volleson 2000)，包括大约100个物种(Hu & Daniel 2011)。印度已知有18种(Karthikeyan et al. 2009, Sunojkumar & Prasad 2014)，其中H. madurensis和H. thymus是泰米尔纳德邦特有的(Singh et al. 2015, Kottaimuthu et al. 2018)。在我们最近对马杜赖地区湿地植物的研究过程中，我们收集了一种有趣的刺科植物，其特征是明显有花梗的花，有花序梗的聚伞花序和线状长圆形的蒴果。相关文献的批判性研究;它被鉴定为嗜水线虫(n.p. Balakr)。& Subram)。恋人。& Moorthy (Balakrishnan & Subramanyam 1963, Balakrishnan 1988, Raja et al. 2015)。仔细阅读文献后发现，该物种被列为极度濒危物种，是泰米尔纳德邦特有的物种，分布在东高止山脉的山麓(Balakrishnan 1988, Nayar 1996, Walter & Gillett 1998, Reddy et al. 2006, Arisdason 2011)。然而，该物种未被列入东高止山脉的棘科(Pullaiah et al. 2011)。为方便鉴定和保护这一鲜为人知的特有物种，本文提供了详细的描述、照片、伴生物种和威胁状况。
{"title":"Hygrophila madurensis (N.P. Balakr. & Subram.) Karthik. & Moorthy: An overlooked endemic species of Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"C. P. Muthupandi, R. Kottaimuthu, K. Rajendran","doi":"10.22271/tpr.2019.v6.i1.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22271/tpr.2019.v6.i1.016","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION The family Acanthaceae is positioned under the order Lamiales and belong to the core class Euasterids I of Core Eudicots (Chase & Reveal 2009). According to the recent estimate (Karthikeyan et al. 2009) 593 Acanthaceae taxa (475 species and 118 varieties) are present in India. The genus Hygrophila R.Br. belongs to the tribe Ruellieae of family Acanthaceae (Scotland & Vollessen 2000) and comprises about 100 species (Hu & Daniel 2011). India is known to have 18 species (Karthikeyan et al. 2009, Sunojkumar & Prasad 2014), of these H. madurensis and H. thymus are endemic to Tamil Nadu (Singh et al. 2015, Kottaimuthu et al. 2018). During the course of our recent studies on the wetland plants of Madurai District, we have collected an interesting species of Acanthaceae that is characterized by distinctly pedicellate flowers, pedunculate cymes and linear–oblong capsules. Critical studies with pertinent literature; it is identified as Hygrophila madurensis (N. P. Balakr. & Subram.) Karthik. & Moorthy (Balakrishnan & Subramanyam 1963, Balakrishnan 1988, Raja et al. 2015). A perusal of literature revealed that this species is listed as critically endangered and endemic to Tamil Nadu, found along the foothills of the Eastern Ghats (Balakrishnan 1988, Nayar 1996, Walter & Gillett 1998, Reddy et al. 2006, Arisdason 2011). However, this species was not included in Acanthaceae of Eastern Ghats (Pullaiah et al. 2011). A detailed description, photographs, associated species and threat status are provided for easy identification and conservation of this little known endemic species.","PeriodicalId":23334,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Plant Research","volume":"139 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84043203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-30DOI: 10.22271/tpr.2019.v6.i1.020
Dereje Atomsa, Duguma Dibbisa
This study was conducted at Ades forest in West Hararghe Zone, Ethiopia, for determining vegetations composition and structure. Systematic sampling method was used to collect vegetation data from 48 (20 m × 20 m) main sample plots for woody species that was established along a transect line. Sample plots were spaced at 10 m altitudinal drop from top to the bottom of the natural forest. Diameter at breast height and height of all woody species were measured. Species abundance, vernacular name and environmental variables were recorded in each sample plot. A total of 48 woody plants belonging to 42 genera and 29 families were recorded and identified. Fabaceae family had the highest number of taxa followed by Rosaceae and Flacourtiaceae families. Although the overall population structure of woody plants of the Forest revealed good regeneration status, the presence of anthropogenic disturbance in the area necessitates the need for conservation action in order to ensure sustainable utilization and management of the Forest.
本研究在埃塞俄比亚西哈拉尔河地区的Ades森林进行，以确定植被组成和结构。采用系统采样法，对沿样线建立的48个(20 m × 20 m)木本物种主样地进行植被数据采集。样地从天然林顶部到底部的垂直落差为10 m。测定了各木本树种胸径和高度。每个样地记录了物种丰度、乡土名称和环境变量。共记录鉴定木本植物48种，隶属于29科42属。豆科的分类群数量最多，蔷薇科次之，紫花苜蓿科次之。虽然林内木本植物的总体种群结构显示出良好的更新状况，但由于区内存在人为干扰，需要采取保护措施，以确保林内的可持续利用和管理。
{"title":"Floristic composition and vegetation structure of Ades forest, Oromia regional state, West Hararghe zone, Ethiopia","authors":"Dereje Atomsa, Duguma Dibbisa","doi":"10.22271/tpr.2019.v6.i1.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22271/tpr.2019.v6.i1.020","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted at Ades forest in West Hararghe Zone, Ethiopia, for determining vegetations composition and structure. Systematic sampling method was used to collect vegetation data from 48 (20 m × 20 m) main sample plots for woody species that was established along a transect line. Sample plots were spaced at 10 m altitudinal drop from top to the bottom of the natural forest. Diameter at breast height and height of all woody species were measured. Species abundance, vernacular name and environmental variables were recorded in each sample plot. A total of 48 woody plants belonging to 42 genera and 29 families were recorded and identified. Fabaceae family had the highest number of taxa followed by Rosaceae and Flacourtiaceae families. Although the overall population structure of woody plants of the Forest revealed good regeneration status, the presence of anthropogenic disturbance in the area necessitates the need for conservation action in order to ensure sustainable utilization and management of the Forest.","PeriodicalId":23334,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Plant Research","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86611385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-30DOI: 10.22271/TPR.2019.V6.I1.004
P. Borpuzari, N. Bisht
The present experimental study was aimed for in-vitro regeneration through nodal culture of Dendrocalamus longispathus an important bamboo species of north-eastern region. Single auxillary buds were cultured in different concentration of BAP and Kn incorporated media for bud breaking and shoot regeneration. Effect of collection period and type of explants is a major impact on bud breaking. Single step plantlet regeneration has been achieved in the liquid basal medium Murashigs and Skoogs (MS) with BAP 1.0 + Kn 1.0 shows best regeneration of 6 to 8 numbers of shoots within 3 weeks of culture. Both inoculated intact node and cut node cultures produced shoots and rhizomes during subcultures. Increased incubation period up to 11 weeks with serial sub culture produced simultaneous roots and rhizomes in the cultured media containing BAP 1.0 + Kn 1.0. Culture response of 90% healthy rooted plantlets has been established outside the lab condition. The whole experiment completed within 12 weeks of culture incubation. Good growth of established in-vitro plantlets in field of FRCBR, Aizwal is observed after one year.
{"title":"Enhanced rhizome induction and fast regeneration protocol in liquid culture of Dendrocalamus longispathus Kurz: A single step culture","authors":"P. Borpuzari, N. Bisht","doi":"10.22271/TPR.2019.V6.I1.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22271/TPR.2019.V6.I1.004","url":null,"abstract":"The present experimental study was aimed for in-vitro regeneration through nodal culture of Dendrocalamus longispathus an important bamboo species of north-eastern region. Single auxillary buds were cultured in different concentration of BAP and Kn incorporated media for bud breaking and shoot regeneration. Effect of collection period and type of explants is a major impact on bud breaking. Single step plantlet regeneration has been achieved in the liquid basal medium Murashigs and Skoogs (MS) with BAP 1.0 + Kn 1.0 shows best regeneration of 6 to 8 numbers of shoots within 3 weeks of culture. Both inoculated intact node and cut node cultures produced shoots and rhizomes during subcultures. Increased incubation period up to 11 weeks with serial sub culture produced simultaneous roots and rhizomes in the cultured media containing BAP 1.0 + Kn 1.0. Culture response of 90% healthy rooted plantlets has been established outside the lab condition. The whole experiment completed within 12 weeks of culture incubation. Good growth of established in-vitro plantlets in field of FRCBR, Aizwal is observed after one year.","PeriodicalId":23334,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Plant Research","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75290268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.22271/TPR.2019.V6.I1.019
M. Kundu, N. Chaturvedi
Schleichera oleosa is a tropical deciduous tree species distributed in south-east Asia. The aim of the present study was to investigate the nature of seed dormancy of Schleichera oleosa that have low germination under laboratory conditions. Seeds were treated by scarification, Gibberellic acid (GA), and combined treatment of scarification and GA before allowing them to imbibe in moist paper. Maximum water uptake was observed in seeds that were soaked in GA after scarification. The moisture content of seed coat remained unchanged during imbibition that suggests the water-impermeable nature of seed coat. Scarification accelerated germination, but it could not fully eliminate dormancy. The highest germination was found in the combined treatment of scarification and GA application. Dry storage at room temperature for 9 months broke dormancy and allowed germination of untreated seeds at 28C. The results indicate that Schleichera oleosa seeds exhibit both physical (for its water-impermeable seed coat) and physiological dormancy and need afterripening for 9 months to overcome the dormancy. The ecological perspective of dormancy of this tropical seed has been discussed.
{"title":"Preliminary studies on seed dormancy of Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Merr.","authors":"M. Kundu, N. Chaturvedi","doi":"10.22271/TPR.2019.V6.I1.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22271/TPR.2019.V6.I1.019","url":null,"abstract":"Schleichera oleosa is a tropical deciduous tree species distributed in south-east Asia. The aim of the present study was to investigate the nature of seed dormancy of Schleichera oleosa that have low germination under laboratory conditions. Seeds were treated by scarification, Gibberellic acid (GA), and combined treatment of scarification and GA before allowing them to imbibe in moist paper. Maximum water uptake was observed in seeds that were soaked in GA after scarification. The moisture content of seed coat remained unchanged during imbibition that suggests the water-impermeable nature of seed coat. Scarification accelerated germination, but it could not fully eliminate dormancy. The highest germination was found in the combined treatment of scarification and GA application. Dry storage at room temperature for 9 months broke dormancy and allowed germination of untreated seeds at 28C. The results indicate that Schleichera oleosa seeds exhibit both physical (for its water-impermeable seed coat) and physiological dormancy and need afterripening for 9 months to overcome the dormancy. The ecological perspective of dormancy of this tropical seed has been discussed.","PeriodicalId":23334,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Plant Research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89080711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.22271/TPR.2019.V6.I1.006
S. S. Bisht, Mamata Ravindra, D. Gayathri
The study evaluated the variability in yield and composition of oil from the heartwood of Indian Sandalwood (Santalum album) trees grown in homogeneous condition. Trees grown at Institute of Wood Science and Technology campus, Bengaluru were considered in this study. Wood samples were collected from trees having different girth size (47.1, 53.4, 61.2, 69.1, 72.2, 74, 75.4, 81.6 and 82.4 cm). About 500 g of heartwood powder per sample was extracted by hydro-distillation method using Clevenger's apparatus. Oil yield extracted from these samples varied from 1.6–3.6 % of heartwood. Chemical profiling of the oil samples was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS-QP-2010 Ultra Auto Sampler). A chemically diversified alkanes, sesquiterpenoids, sesquiterpene, fatty acids, and alcohols, were detected. The major constituents were α-santalol (41.7–53.67 %), β-santalol (18.2–27.9 %), epi-β-santalol (2.7– 7.18 %), β-santalene (1.39–5.30 %), α-santalene (0.4–4.87 %), and α-bergamotol (3.1–9.3 %). In this study, it was concluded that the oil yield and its composition varies among the trees with different girth. But no particular trends were observed between the girth size and oil yield.
{"title":"Variability in yield and composition of oil from Indian Sandalwood (Santalum album L.) trees grown in homogeneous conditions","authors":"S. S. Bisht, Mamata Ravindra, D. Gayathri","doi":"10.22271/TPR.2019.V6.I1.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22271/TPR.2019.V6.I1.006","url":null,"abstract":"The study evaluated the variability in yield and composition of oil from the heartwood of Indian Sandalwood (Santalum album) trees grown in homogeneous condition. Trees grown at Institute of Wood Science and Technology campus, Bengaluru were considered in this study. Wood samples were collected from trees having different girth size (47.1, 53.4, 61.2, 69.1, 72.2, 74, 75.4, 81.6 and 82.4 cm). About 500 g of heartwood powder per sample was extracted by hydro-distillation method using Clevenger's apparatus. Oil yield extracted from these samples varied from 1.6–3.6 % of heartwood. Chemical profiling of the oil samples was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS-QP-2010 Ultra Auto Sampler). A chemically diversified alkanes, sesquiterpenoids, sesquiterpene, fatty acids, and alcohols, were detected. The major constituents were α-santalol (41.7–53.67 %), β-santalol (18.2–27.9 %), epi-β-santalol (2.7– 7.18 %), β-santalene (1.39–5.30 %), α-santalene (0.4–4.87 %), and α-bergamotol (3.1–9.3 %). In this study, it was concluded that the oil yield and its composition varies among the trees with different girth. But no particular trends were observed between the girth size and oil yield.","PeriodicalId":23334,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Plant Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79188395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.22271/TPR.2019.V6.I1.008
S. Yadav, Aizawl Mizoram India Rattan, H. Raj, Lalnunmawia F Lalnunmawia
{"title":"Annual flowering of Dendrocalamus longispathus (Kurz) Kurz in Mizoram","authors":"S. Yadav, Aizawl Mizoram India Rattan, H. Raj, Lalnunmawia F Lalnunmawia","doi":"10.22271/TPR.2019.V6.I1.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22271/TPR.2019.V6.I1.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23334,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Plant Research","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81108739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.22271/TPR.2019.V6.I1.021
M. Barúa, Uni, L. Quintana, A. Ortiz
Rice brown spot produced by Bipolaris oryzae is one of the most prevalent fungal diseases in Paraguay and it is associated with rice brown spot, which can decrease yield and seed quality. The research work was carried out in the 2016 crop season in the experimental plot of a private rice producer, located on the district of San Juan Bautista, department of Misiones, Paraguay with the aim of evaluating fungicides for the control of rice brown spot and its effect on yield crop. The treatments consisted on the application of a mixture of fungicides, Azoxystrobin 20% + Difenoconazole 12.5% (400 cc ha) at different rice growth stages. All treatments with fungicides decreased rice brown spot incidence significantly and increased yield compared with non-sprayed control. Fungicides applied at R2+R4 and at R2+R3a+R4 resulted in a lower average incidence of rice brown spot (17–15%).
稻褐斑病是巴拉圭最流行的真菌病害之一，它与水稻褐斑病有关，可降低产量和种子品质。研究工作于2016年作物季节在巴拉圭米西奥内斯省圣胡安包蒂斯塔地区一家私营水稻生产商的试验田进行，目的是评估杀菌剂防治水稻褐斑病及其对产量作物的影响。在水稻不同生育期施用杀菌剂20%嘧菌酯+ 12.5%异虫康唑(400 cc ha)。与未施用杀菌剂的对照相比，施用杀菌剂可显著降低水稻褐斑病发病率，提高产量。R2+R4和R2+R3a+R4处理的水稻褐斑病平均发病率较低(17-15%)。
{"title":"Chemical control of rice brown spot (Bipolaris oryzae) in Paraguay","authors":"M. Barúa, Uni, L. Quintana, A. Ortiz","doi":"10.22271/TPR.2019.V6.I1.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22271/TPR.2019.V6.I1.021","url":null,"abstract":"Rice brown spot produced by Bipolaris oryzae is one of the most prevalent fungal diseases in Paraguay and it is associated with rice brown spot, which can decrease yield and seed quality. The research work was carried out in the 2016 crop season in the experimental plot of a private rice producer, located on the district of San Juan Bautista, department of Misiones, Paraguay with the aim of evaluating fungicides for the control of rice brown spot and its effect on yield crop. The treatments consisted on the application of a mixture of fungicides, Azoxystrobin 20% + Difenoconazole 12.5% (400 cc ha) at different rice growth stages. All treatments with fungicides decreased rice brown spot incidence significantly and increased yield compared with non-sprayed control. Fungicides applied at R2+R4 and at R2+R3a+R4 resulted in a lower average incidence of rice brown spot (17–15%).","PeriodicalId":23334,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Plant Research","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76754022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.22271/TPR.2019.V6.I1.017
F. N. Ogana
Height-diameter models for predicting tree height are essential for routine forest inventory. These models can be developed using fixed-or mixed-effects approach. Few studies have applied the mixed-effect approach to developed height prediction model for the natural forest in Nigeria. Therefore, in this study, the mixed-effect modelling approach was used to develop height prediction models for Ikrigon and Cross River South (CRS) Forest Reserves, Nigeria. Data consist of 776 and 438 height-diameter pairs from Ikrigon and CRS Forest Reserves, respectively. Five 2-parameters and five 3-parameters height-diameter models were evaluated including Nalund, Wykoff, Curtis, Meyer, Michaelis-Menten, Chapman-Richards, Ratkowsky, Korf, Logistic and Gompertz. Model fitting was done in two stages: Fixed-effect approach was used in the first stage wherein candidate models were selected and refitted in the second stage using mixed-effect approach. Adjusted coefficient of determination, root mean square error, mean absolute bias, Akaike information and Bayesian information criterion were used to assess the models. The results showed that Gompertz and Meyer models were more consistent. Gompertz and Meyer had adjusted coefficient of determination, root mean square error, mean absolute bias, Akaike information criterion and Bayesian information criterion of 0.642, 4.457, 3.501 and 4591.487, 4638.028; and 0.638, 4.482, 3.541, 4592.008, 4619.933, respectively for Ikrigon and 0.724, 4.076, 3.215, 2536.148 and 2576.970; and 0.711, 4.176, 3.273, 2536.352 and 2560.845, respectively for CRS. The mixed-effect approach improved tree height predicting of the forest stands. These models are recommended for estimating tree height in the forest reserves.
用于预测树高的高径模型对于常规森林清查是必不可少的。这些模型可以使用固定效应或混合效应方法来开发。将混合效应方法应用于尼日利亚天然林高度预测模型的研究较少。因此，本研究采用混合效应建模方法，建立了尼日利亚Ikrigon和Cross River South (CRS)森林保护区的高度预测模型。数据分别由来自Ikrigon和CRS森林保护区的776和438对高度-直径对组成。评价了5种2参数模型和5种3参数模型，包括Nalund、Wykoff、Curtis、Meyer、Michaelis-Menten、Chapman-Richards、Ratkowsky、Korf、Logistic和Gompertz。模型拟合分两个阶段进行:第一阶段采用固定效应方法，第二阶段采用混合效应方法对候选模型进行选择和修正。采用调整后的决定系数、均方根误差、平均绝对偏差、赤池信息和贝叶斯信息准则对模型进行评价。结果表明，Gompertz和Meyer模型更为一致。Gompertz和Meyer调整的决定系数、均方根误差、平均绝对偏差、赤池信息准则和贝叶斯信息准则分别为0.642、4.457、3.501和4591.487、4638.028;Ikrigon分别为0.638、4.482、3.541、4592.008、4619.933,0.724、4.076、3.215、2536.148、2576.970;CRS分别为0.711、4.176、3.273、2536.352、2560.845。混合效应法提高了林分树高的预测精度。这些模型被推荐用于估算森林保护区的树高。
{"title":"Tree height prediction models for two forest reserves in Nigeria using mixed-effects approach","authors":"F. N. Ogana","doi":"10.22271/TPR.2019.V6.I1.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22271/TPR.2019.V6.I1.017","url":null,"abstract":"Height-diameter models for predicting tree height are essential for routine forest inventory. These models can be developed using fixed-or mixed-effects approach. Few studies have applied the mixed-effect approach to developed height prediction model for the natural forest in Nigeria. Therefore, in this study, the mixed-effect modelling approach was used to develop height prediction models for Ikrigon and Cross River South (CRS) Forest Reserves, Nigeria. Data consist of 776 and 438 height-diameter pairs from Ikrigon and CRS Forest Reserves, respectively. Five 2-parameters and five 3-parameters height-diameter models were evaluated including Nalund, Wykoff, Curtis, Meyer, Michaelis-Menten, Chapman-Richards, Ratkowsky, Korf, Logistic and Gompertz. Model fitting was done in two stages: Fixed-effect approach was used in the first stage wherein candidate models were selected and refitted in the second stage using mixed-effect approach. Adjusted coefficient of determination, root mean square error, mean absolute bias, Akaike information and Bayesian information criterion were used to assess the models. The results showed that Gompertz and Meyer models were more consistent. Gompertz and Meyer had adjusted coefficient of determination, root mean square error, mean absolute bias, Akaike information criterion and Bayesian information criterion of 0.642, 4.457, 3.501 and 4591.487, 4638.028; and 0.638, 4.482, 3.541, 4592.008, 4619.933, respectively for Ikrigon and 0.724, 4.076, 3.215, 2536.148 and 2576.970; and 0.711, 4.176, 3.273, 2536.352 and 2560.845, respectively for CRS. The mixed-effect approach improved tree height predicting of the forest stands. These models are recommended for estimating tree height in the forest reserves.","PeriodicalId":23334,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Plant Research","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77624136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.22271/TPR.2019.V6.I1.015
T. E. Ogana, F. N. Ogana
The competition for land between forest and agriculture has been a long-time issue. The tropical forest has been greatly reducing due to agricultural activities. There are few studies on the quantification of forest carbon stock loss caused by encroaching agricultural activities. Therefore, this study compared the biomass in the areas encroached by farming activities and forested areas; and also analyzed the forest cover change in Cross River South Forest Reserve, Nigeria. Data were obtained through forest inventory and satellite imageries. Eight sample plots of 0.25 ha were used (plots were laid in the forested and the encroached parts of the reserve). Established allometric equation was used to estimate the biomass. Satellite images from Landsat between 2002 and 2017 were used for the forest cover change. The results showed that there is a significant difference in the mean aboveground carbon density of the forested part (108.6571 tC ha) and the encroached part (44.1567 tC ha) of the reserve. The forest cover change of Forest Reserve showed that about 6,750 ha was deforested within the period with an annual rate of forest cover loss of 0.54%. It was concluded that the farming activities have negatively impacted the quantity of carbon stock of the forest reserve.
{"title":"Quantification of the effect of agriculture on forest carbon stock: Case study of a Nigerian forest reserve","authors":"T. E. Ogana, F. N. Ogana","doi":"10.22271/TPR.2019.V6.I1.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22271/TPR.2019.V6.I1.015","url":null,"abstract":"The competition for land between forest and agriculture has been a long-time issue. The tropical forest has been greatly reducing due to agricultural activities. There are few studies on the quantification of forest carbon stock loss caused by encroaching agricultural activities. Therefore, this study compared the biomass in the areas encroached by farming activities and forested areas; and also analyzed the forest cover change in Cross River South Forest Reserve, Nigeria. Data were obtained through forest inventory and satellite imageries. Eight sample plots of 0.25 ha were used (plots were laid in the forested and the encroached parts of the reserve). Established allometric equation was used to estimate the biomass. Satellite images from Landsat between 2002 and 2017 were used for the forest cover change. The results showed that there is a significant difference in the mean aboveground carbon density of the forested part (108.6571 tC ha) and the encroached part (44.1567 tC ha) of the reserve. The forest cover change of Forest Reserve showed that about 6,750 ha was deforested within the period with an annual rate of forest cover loss of 0.54%. It was concluded that the farming activities have negatively impacted the quantity of carbon stock of the forest reserve.","PeriodicalId":23334,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Plant Research","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75149212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.22271/TPR.2019.V6.I1.012
K. Babu, N. Parthasarathy
Lianas are important components of tropical forests that play a crucial role in forest dynamics. We investigated biodiversity and carbon stock of lianas in two tropical dry evergreen forest (TDEF) sites, the relatively undisturbed Sendhirakillai (SK) and disturbed Palvathunnan (PT) by establishing one-hectare plot in each site. All lianas ≥ 1cm diameter (measured 1.3 m from rooting point) and trees ≥ 10cm girth (measured at 1.3 m from ground) were enumerated to ascertain species richness and stem density of lianas and trees with respect to site disturbance. Liana diversity totaled 24 species (16 in SK and 20 in PT) in the two studied sites. Liana density totaled 1182 individuals (744 ha1 in SK and 438 ha1 in PT). Fifty percent of species were shared between the two sites. A considerable variation in the density, dominance and basal area of different species was found between the sites. No dominant family was common to both the sites. Stem twining and zoochory was predominant in both disturbed and undisturbed sites. Lianas comprised 36.4% (SK) & 48.8% (PT) of the total woody species richness (lianas + tress) and 37% (SK) and 38.3% (PT) of the total woody species density. The mean aboveground biomass and carbon stock of lianas were 7.2 Mg ha and 4.5 Mg ha, accounting for 1.94% of total woody species community (trees + lianas). The aboveground biomass and carbon stocks were highest in undisturbed site SK compared to disturbed site PT. The extent of liana diversity and their contribution to the total woody plant abundance and biomass highlight the importance of lianas in forest functioning, dynamics and mitigating climate change. Considering the biodiversity TDEFs hold and the current level of human disturbance, a holistic approach in conservation is emphasized.
{"title":"Assessment of liana diversity and carbon stock in differently disturbed tropical dry evergreen forests of southern India","authors":"K. Babu, N. Parthasarathy","doi":"10.22271/TPR.2019.V6.I1.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22271/TPR.2019.V6.I1.012","url":null,"abstract":"Lianas are important components of tropical forests that play a crucial role in forest dynamics. We investigated biodiversity and carbon stock of lianas in two tropical dry evergreen forest (TDEF) sites, the relatively undisturbed Sendhirakillai (SK) and disturbed Palvathunnan (PT) by establishing one-hectare plot in each site. All lianas ≥ 1cm diameter (measured 1.3 m from rooting point) and trees ≥ 10cm girth (measured at 1.3 m from ground) were enumerated to ascertain species richness and stem density of lianas and trees with respect to site disturbance. Liana diversity totaled 24 species (16 in SK and 20 in PT) in the two studied sites. Liana density totaled 1182 individuals (744 ha1 in SK and 438 ha1 in PT). Fifty percent of species were shared between the two sites. A considerable variation in the density, dominance and basal area of different species was found between the sites. No dominant family was common to both the sites. Stem twining and zoochory was predominant in both disturbed and undisturbed sites. Lianas comprised 36.4% (SK) & 48.8% (PT) of the total woody species richness (lianas + tress) and 37% (SK) and 38.3% (PT) of the total woody species density. The mean aboveground biomass and carbon stock of lianas were 7.2 Mg ha and 4.5 Mg ha, accounting for 1.94% of total woody species community (trees + lianas). The aboveground biomass and carbon stocks were highest in undisturbed site SK compared to disturbed site PT. The extent of liana diversity and their contribution to the total woody plant abundance and biomass highlight the importance of lianas in forest functioning, dynamics and mitigating climate change. Considering the biodiversity TDEFs hold and the current level of human disturbance, a holistic approach in conservation is emphasized.","PeriodicalId":23334,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Plant Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84228090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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