Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.22271/TPR.2019.V6.I1.001
A. Devkota, P. K. Jha
The plant growing in range of environmental conditions exhibits phenotypic plasticity that reflects the ability of the plant to allow its establishment in different areas. Centella asiatica, an important medicinal plant, is widely growing in tropical and subtropical belt of Nepal. We measured phenotypic characters (density, petiole length, stolon length, SLA, leaf number per ramet, plant biomass, flower number) and soil attributes (soil pH, soil nitrogen (N), soil organic carbon (OC), soil organic matter (OM) of 21 C. asiatica populations in three habitats (open grassland, open agricultural land, shady grassland) of Nepal. Ramet density (105 plants m -2 ) and biomass yield (52.5 g m -2 ) was found highest in partially shaded grassland with soil having 5.83 pH, 0.20% N, 4.26% OC and 7.38% OM. Leaves had 391 cm 2 g -1 SLA, 4.13 cm long petiole and 1.76% N. The three sites differed significantly (p<0.001) in petiole length, SLA, leaf N, soil N, soil OC and soil OM contents. Thus land uses had a significant effect on ramet density and leaf characters of C. asiatica. Phenotypic plasticity in leaf petiole length and number of flowers per inflorescence was observed, which appeared to be governed by light availability and height of associated species. In terms of yield partially shaded grassland was the most suitable natural habitat of C. asiatica. Evaluation of growth traits and yield in a different habitat help to find the suitable condition for growth of the plant in nature. This information is helpful in planning cultivation of C. asiatica.
在各种环境条件下生长的植物表现出表型可塑性，这反映了植物在不同地区建立的能力。积雪草是一种重要的药用植物，广泛生长在尼泊尔的热带和亚热带地区。本文测定了尼泊尔3种生境(开阔草地、开阔农田、背阴草地)21个亚洲柳种群的表型特征(密度、叶柄长、匍匐茎长、枝密度、每分叶数、生物量、花数)和土壤属性(土壤pH、土壤氮、土壤有机碳、土壤有机质)。分株密度(105株m -2)和生物量产量(52.5 g m -2)在pH为5.83、N为0.20%、OC为4.26%、OM为7.38%的部分遮荫草地上最高。叶柄长391 cm 2 g -1，叶柄长4.13 cm，氮含量1.76%，叶柄长、叶氮、土壤氮、土壤有机碳和土壤有机质含量差异显著(p<0.001)。因此，土地利用方式对亚洲柳分株密度和叶片性状有显著影响。叶柄长度和每花序花数的表型可塑性似乎受光利用率和伴生种高度的控制。在产量方面，部分遮荫草地是最适宜的自然生境。评价不同生境下植物的生长性状和产量，有助于找到自然界中适合植物生长的条件。这些信息对规划种植有一定的帮助。
{"title":"Phenotypic plasticity of Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. growing in different habitats of Nepal","authors":"A. Devkota, P. K. Jha","doi":"10.22271/TPR.2019.V6.I1.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22271/TPR.2019.V6.I1.001","url":null,"abstract":"The plant growing in range of environmental conditions exhibits phenotypic plasticity that reflects the ability of the plant to allow its establishment in different areas. Centella asiatica, an important medicinal plant, is widely growing in tropical and subtropical belt of Nepal. We measured phenotypic characters (density, petiole length, stolon length, SLA, leaf number per ramet, plant biomass, flower number) and soil attributes (soil pH, soil nitrogen (N), soil organic carbon (OC), soil organic matter (OM) of 21 C. asiatica populations in three habitats (open grassland, open agricultural land, shady grassland) of Nepal. Ramet density (105 plants m -2 ) and biomass yield (52.5 g m -2 ) was found highest in partially shaded grassland with soil having 5.83 pH, 0.20% N, 4.26% OC and 7.38% OM. Leaves had 391 cm 2 g -1 SLA, 4.13 cm long petiole and 1.76% N. The three sites differed significantly (p<0.001) in petiole length, SLA, leaf N, soil N, soil OC and soil OM contents. Thus land uses had a significant effect on ramet density and leaf characters of C. asiatica. Phenotypic plasticity in leaf petiole length and number of flowers per inflorescence was observed, which appeared to be governed by light availability and height of associated species. In terms of yield partially shaded grassland was the most suitable natural habitat of C. asiatica. Evaluation of growth traits and yield in a different habitat help to find the suitable condition for growth of the plant in nature. This information is helpful in planning cultivation of C. asiatica.","PeriodicalId":23334,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Plant Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87394950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.22271/TPR.2019.V6.I1.022
M. H. Shahrajabian, M. Khoshkharam, Wenli Sun, Q. Cheng
Allelopathy is the direct or indirect effect of plants through chemical compounds produced by the plants itself. . An experiment was conducted to study the allelopathic effect of plant organs extract (leaf, stem, root and total), and different rice extract densities (0%, 25%, 50% and 100%) on the germination and seedling growth of corn with four replications was used. Treatments included Different plant organ extract showed significant impact on germination rate, germination percentage, coleoptile weight, radicle weight, radicle length and coleoptile length of corn. Rice extract densities effect on germination percentage, coleoptiles weight, radicle weight, radicle length and coleoptiles length was significant. The interaction between rice extract and plant organs had significant effect on radicle weight and coleoptiles length. Control treatment (0% rice extract density) had obtained the highest germination rate, germination percentage, coleoptiles weight, radical weight, radical length and coleoptiles length. All experimental characteristics decreased with increase rice extract densities. The higher values for germination rate, germination percentage, coleoptile weight, radicle weight, radicle length and coleoptiles length was related to stem extract, followed by root, leaf and total extract. According to the results of this trial, it can be concluded that one of the reasons of the decrease of cultivated plants operation after rice, is the presence of allelopathic materials in herbaceous remains of this plant.
{"title":"Germination and seedlings growth of Corn (Zea mays L.) to allelopathic effects of rice (Oryza sativa L.)","authors":"M. H. Shahrajabian, M. Khoshkharam, Wenli Sun, Q. Cheng","doi":"10.22271/TPR.2019.V6.I1.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22271/TPR.2019.V6.I1.022","url":null,"abstract":"Allelopathy is the direct or indirect effect of plants through chemical compounds produced by the plants itself. . An experiment was conducted to study the allelopathic effect of plant organs extract (leaf, stem, root and total), and different rice extract densities (0%, 25%, 50% and 100%) on the germination and seedling growth of corn with four replications was used. Treatments included Different plant organ extract showed significant impact on germination rate, germination percentage, coleoptile weight, radicle weight, radicle length and coleoptile length of corn. Rice extract densities effect on germination percentage, coleoptiles weight, radicle weight, radicle length and coleoptiles length was significant. The interaction between rice extract and plant organs had significant effect on radicle weight and coleoptiles length. Control treatment (0% rice extract density) had obtained the highest germination rate, germination percentage, coleoptiles weight, radical weight, radical length and coleoptiles length. All experimental characteristics decreased with increase rice extract densities. The higher values for germination rate, germination percentage, coleoptile weight, radicle weight, radicle length and coleoptiles length was related to stem extract, followed by root, leaf and total extract. According to the results of this trial, it can be concluded that one of the reasons of the decrease of cultivated plants operation after rice, is the presence of allelopathic materials in herbaceous remains of this plant.","PeriodicalId":23334,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Plant Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87284485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Africa, ancestors are known to possess phytotherapy knowledge. This knowledge is transmitted from one generation to another through oral tradition. Based on experience, this knowledge is unaware of the chemical composition of the plants used. The study is to justify its scientific basis in the treatment of Buruli ulcer. Ethnobotanical data are collected from older men, traditional healers, herbalists, practitioners and patients who have suffered from Buruli ulcer. The species mentioned in the recipes were screened for the detection of major chemical groups. Aloe tenuifolia, Annona senegalensis, Brillantaisia owariensis, Vernonia amygdalina and Strychnos icaja are involved in the management of Buruli ulcer. Chemical screening has revealed the presence, to varying degrees, of the following secondary metabolites: tannins, alkaloids, saponosides, free quinones, anthocyanins, bound quinones, terpenoids, polyphenols, steroids, coumarins and reducing sugars. The presence of these metabolites provides a scientific basis for Ntandu endogenous knowledge. These findings give credence to the ethnomedical use of in the treatment of Buruli ulcer in Ntandu people.
{"title":"Phytochemical study of medicinal plants used against buruli ulcer by Ntandu people in Kongo Central, DRC","authors":"Assumani Zabo Idrissa, Tamasala Ndombe, Diakedika Lusala","doi":"10.22271/TPR.2019.V6.I1.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22271/TPR.2019.V6.I1.009","url":null,"abstract":"In Africa, ancestors are known to possess phytotherapy knowledge. This knowledge is transmitted from one generation to another through oral tradition. Based on experience, this knowledge is unaware of the chemical composition of the plants used. The study is to justify its scientific basis in the treatment of Buruli ulcer. Ethnobotanical data are collected from older men, traditional healers, herbalists, practitioners and patients who have suffered from Buruli ulcer. The species mentioned in the recipes were screened for the detection of major chemical groups. Aloe tenuifolia, Annona senegalensis, Brillantaisia owariensis, Vernonia amygdalina and Strychnos icaja are involved in the management of Buruli ulcer. Chemical screening has revealed the presence, to varying degrees, of the following secondary metabolites: tannins, alkaloids, saponosides, free quinones, anthocyanins, bound quinones, terpenoids, polyphenols, steroids, coumarins and reducing sugars. The presence of these metabolites provides a scientific basis for Ntandu endogenous knowledge. These findings give credence to the ethnomedical use of in the treatment of Buruli ulcer in Ntandu people.","PeriodicalId":23334,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Plant Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84365993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.22271/TPR.2019.V6.I1.011
Jean-Léon Kambale, Bernard T. Malombo, Eric W. Katembo, Reddy E. Shutsha, J. Tsongo, Elie P. Bugentho, Patrick Mutombo, Roger A. Angoyo, Hyppolyte S. Nshimba, G. Bongo, K. Ngbolua
The present study was carried out in the aim of comparing the floristic diversity, the areal richness and the structure of three lowland forest types of the former Province Orientale notably Rubi Télé in Buta territory, UMA in Ubundu territory and Wela in Aketi territory. This comparative study is a contribution to the improvement of knowledge on the influence of soil type and the remoteness of forest types on the floristic composition and distribution of species in the lowland forests of the former Province Orientale. To achieve this, an inventory of all trees with dbh ≥ 10 cm (all species combined) in 36 plots of 0.25 ha was performed. At the end of this floristic and structural study conducted in the forests, we counted a total of 1120 individuals distributed to 191 species in 40 families in these three different sites. The average basal area for these three sites is 25.40 m ha. In terms of group diversity, the ANOVA test showed no significant differences, because F = 1.844, p value is greater than 0.05, either 0.213. In terms of diametric structure, the chi-square was calculated Chi-square = 35.5599, df = 18, p value = 0.00803. The density for extrapolation (per hectare) with ANOVA the value for F = 7.91, p value = 0.0104 this shows that there was a significant difference.
{"title":"Comparative study of the floristic and structural diversity of three lowland forests of the former Province Orientale, Democratic Republic of the Congo","authors":"Jean-Léon Kambale, Bernard T. Malombo, Eric W. Katembo, Reddy E. Shutsha, J. Tsongo, Elie P. Bugentho, Patrick Mutombo, Roger A. Angoyo, Hyppolyte S. Nshimba, G. Bongo, K. Ngbolua","doi":"10.22271/TPR.2019.V6.I1.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22271/TPR.2019.V6.I1.011","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was carried out in the aim of comparing the floristic diversity, the areal richness and the structure of three lowland forest types of the former Province Orientale notably Rubi Télé in Buta territory, UMA in Ubundu territory and Wela in Aketi territory. This comparative study is a contribution to the improvement of knowledge on the influence of soil type and the remoteness of forest types on the floristic composition and distribution of species in the lowland forests of the former Province Orientale. To achieve this, an inventory of all trees with dbh ≥ 10 cm (all species combined) in 36 plots of 0.25 ha was performed. At the end of this floristic and structural study conducted in the forests, we counted a total of 1120 individuals distributed to 191 species in 40 families in these three different sites. The average basal area for these three sites is 25.40 m ha. In terms of group diversity, the ANOVA test showed no significant differences, because F = 1.844, p value is greater than 0.05, either 0.213. In terms of diametric structure, the chi-square was calculated Chi-square = 35.5599, df = 18, p value = 0.00803. The density for extrapolation (per hectare) with ANOVA the value for F = 7.91, p value = 0.0104 this shows that there was a significant difference.","PeriodicalId":23334,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Plant Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79922119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.22271/TPR.2019.V6.I1.003
S. Selvakumar, R. Kottaimuthu, K. Suresh
{"title":"Range extension of Actinodaphne bourneae Gamble (Lauraceae): An overlooked endemic tree of Western Ghats, India","authors":"S. Selvakumar, R. Kottaimuthu, K. Suresh","doi":"10.22271/TPR.2019.V6.I1.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22271/TPR.2019.V6.I1.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23334,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Plant Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91234787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.22271/TPR.2019.V6.I1.014
Sushma Chaudhary, Manjul Singh, A. Rawat
Deccan hemp is rich in mucilage and of immense value. This study was performed to examine the mucilage of Deccan hemp and its (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy) analysis was performed to identify the presence of sugar composition in mucilage for the development of pharmaceutical formulation. Mucilage was found to be 9.54% w/w which was off white in colour, tasteless and with characteristic odour. Physicochemical characterization revealed that mucilage has enough moisture that is 9.34 % w/w and is of neutral pH. It was found to be soluble in hot water and insoluble in organic solvents while in cold water mucilage swelled to form a gel. The GC-MS analysis of mucilage showed the presence of glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose and xylose that scope to be of scientific relevance particularly plant polymer based excipient and coating material in pharmaceutical products. The present investigation showed that Deccan hemp mucilage has high pharmaceutical significance it can be used as excipient and coating material in pharmaceutical formulation.
{"title":"Qualitative and quantitative gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis and characterization of naturally isolated mucilage in Hibiscus cannabinus L. (Malvaceae)","authors":"Sushma Chaudhary, Manjul Singh, A. Rawat","doi":"10.22271/TPR.2019.V6.I1.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22271/TPR.2019.V6.I1.014","url":null,"abstract":"Deccan hemp is rich in mucilage and of immense value. This study was performed to examine the mucilage of Deccan hemp and its (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy) analysis was performed to identify the presence of sugar composition in mucilage for the development of pharmaceutical formulation. Mucilage was found to be 9.54% w/w which was off white in colour, tasteless and with characteristic odour. Physicochemical characterization revealed that mucilage has enough moisture that is 9.34 % w/w and is of neutral pH. It was found to be soluble in hot water and insoluble in organic solvents while in cold water mucilage swelled to form a gel. The GC-MS analysis of mucilage showed the presence of glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose and xylose that scope to be of scientific relevance particularly plant polymer based excipient and coating material in pharmaceutical products. The present investigation showed that Deccan hemp mucilage has high pharmaceutical significance it can be used as excipient and coating material in pharmaceutical formulation.","PeriodicalId":23334,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Plant Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77093946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.22271/TPR.2019.V6.I1.007
M. Jadan, C. Dorca-Fornell
Babaco, (Vasconcellea x helbornii syn Carica pentagona), is an endemic fruit to South of Ecuador and North of Peru, which is becoming very popular on the continuously expanding subtropical fruit market for a few years now. From the nutritional point of view, this fruit is very rich in fiber, it also has a good amount of vitamins, minerals and papain, an enzyme with great digestive and anti-inflammatory properties. However, due to the diseases that attack babaco plants and the sterile character of their fruits, exports have been significantly reduced being considered as an unprofitable agricultural production. New techniques in plant biotechnology as in vitro culture could make possible a massive production of free-pathogens babaco plants. In particular, somatic embryogenesis is a rapid way of obtaining genetically identical individuals which is also used in in vitro conservation of germplasm and plant genetic improvement. The present document aims to summarize the techniques of obtaining new plants of babaco and evidences the achievements obtained in somatic embryogenesis in the Caricaceae family up today.
巴巴果(Vasconcellea x helbornii syn Carica pentagona)是厄瓜多尔南部和秘鲁北部的特有水果，近年来在不断扩大的亚热带水果市场上变得非常受欢迎。从营养的角度来看，这种水果富含纤维，还含有大量的维生素、矿物质和木瓜蛋白酶，木瓜蛋白酶是一种具有良好消化和抗炎特性的酶。然而，由于巴巴科植物的病害和其果实的不育特性，出口已大大减少，被认为是无利可图的农业生产。植物生物技术的新技术，如离体培养，可能使大量生产无病原体的巴巴科植物成为可能。体细胞胚胎发生是一种获得遗传相同个体的快速途径，也可用于种质资源的体外保存和植物遗传改良。本文综述了巴巴科植物新植物的获取技术，并对迄今为止在巴巴科植物体细胞胚胎发生方面取得的进展进行了评述。
{"title":"Propagation methods in Babaco plants (Vasconcella x helbornii)","authors":"M. Jadan, C. Dorca-Fornell","doi":"10.22271/TPR.2019.V6.I1.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22271/TPR.2019.V6.I1.007","url":null,"abstract":"Babaco, (Vasconcellea x helbornii syn Carica pentagona), is an endemic fruit to South of Ecuador and North of Peru, which is becoming very popular on the continuously expanding subtropical fruit market for a few years now. From the nutritional point of view, this fruit is very rich in fiber, it also has a good amount of vitamins, minerals and papain, an enzyme with great digestive and anti-inflammatory properties. However, due to the diseases that attack babaco plants and the sterile character of their fruits, exports have been significantly reduced being considered as an unprofitable agricultural production. New techniques in plant biotechnology as in vitro culture could make possible a massive production of free-pathogens babaco plants. In particular, somatic embryogenesis is a rapid way of obtaining genetically identical individuals which is also used in in vitro conservation of germplasm and plant genetic improvement. The present document aims to summarize the techniques of obtaining new plants of babaco and evidences the achievements obtained in somatic embryogenesis in the Caricaceae family up today.","PeriodicalId":23334,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Plant Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85060092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.22271/TPR.2018.V5.I3.037
C. Priyadarshani, N. Deshappriya, T. Sandamali
Use of chemicals for growth enhancement and disease control in plants has resulted in hazardous influences to the environment and human health. Therefore, less harmful methods should be implemented and the possibility of using microbes for this purpose has been investigated. Endophytic fungal assemblages have been known to enhance plant growth and decrease disease incidence in some crops including rice and thus can be used as an alternative to chemicals. Therefore, this study was aimed to isolate the endophytic fungal communities associated with the rice variety Ld 368 with a view to examine the possibility of using them for plant growth enhancement and management of brown spot disease incidence. Brown spot disease caused by Bipolaris oryzae is one of the major rice diseases prevalent in Sri Lanka. Healthy plant parts of variety Ld 368 were used for the isolation of endophytes. 31 endophytic fungal species were isolated, and eight of the most frequently isolated fungal species were tested for their ability to inhibit the growth of B. oryzae using dual culture assays. From the fungal species tested, Trichoderma sp.1, Trichoderma sp.2 and Chaetomium sp. inhibited the colony growth of Bipolaris Oryzae significantly (P ≤ 0.05) under in-vitro conditions. Based on the results of in-vitro tests, spore suspensions of the more effective endophytes were inoculated separately to healthy Ld 368 seedlings to evaluate their efficacy in controlling brown spot disease and to determine their effect on rice plant growth under greenhouse conditions. Two inoculation methods (i.e. seedling and soil inoculation) were used to identify the best approach to introduce the endophytic fungi into the plants. Plants inoculated with Trichoderma sp.1 and Chaetomium sp. using seedling inoculation method showed the lowest disease incidence as well as a significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) in shoot length and fresh and dry weight of plants. These results indicated that the tested endophytic fungal sp. have the ability to control brown spot disease incidence and enhance plant growth of rice variety Ld 368.
{"title":"Effect of fungal endophytes of rice variety Ld 368 on growth and brown spot disease incidence of rice","authors":"C. Priyadarshani, N. Deshappriya, T. Sandamali","doi":"10.22271/TPR.2018.V5.I3.037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22271/TPR.2018.V5.I3.037","url":null,"abstract":"Use of chemicals for growth enhancement and disease control in plants has resulted in hazardous influences to the environment and human health. Therefore, less harmful methods should be implemented and the possibility of using microbes for this purpose has been investigated. Endophytic fungal assemblages have been known to enhance plant growth and decrease disease incidence in some crops including rice and thus can be used as an alternative to chemicals. Therefore, this study was aimed to isolate the endophytic fungal communities associated with the rice variety Ld 368 with a view to examine the possibility of using them for plant growth enhancement and management of brown spot disease incidence. Brown spot disease caused by Bipolaris oryzae is one of the major rice diseases prevalent in Sri Lanka. Healthy plant parts of variety Ld 368 were used for the isolation of endophytes. 31 endophytic fungal species were isolated, and eight of the most frequently isolated fungal species were tested for their ability to inhibit the growth of B. oryzae using dual culture assays. From the fungal species tested, Trichoderma sp.1, Trichoderma sp.2 and Chaetomium sp. inhibited the colony growth of Bipolaris Oryzae significantly (P ≤ 0.05) under in-vitro conditions. Based on the results of in-vitro tests, spore suspensions of the more effective endophytes were inoculated separately to healthy Ld 368 seedlings to evaluate their efficacy in controlling brown spot disease and to determine their effect on rice plant growth under greenhouse conditions. Two inoculation methods (i.e. seedling and soil inoculation) were used to identify the best approach to introduce the endophytic fungi into the plants. Plants inoculated with Trichoderma sp.1 and Chaetomium sp. using seedling inoculation method showed the lowest disease incidence as well as a significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) in shoot length and fresh and dry weight of plants. These results indicated that the tested endophytic fungal sp. have the ability to control brown spot disease incidence and enhance plant growth of rice variety Ld 368.","PeriodicalId":23334,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Plant Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82434156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.22271/tpr.2018.v5.i3.039
S. Sonowal, M. Prasad, H. Sarma
Metal accumulation in 15 (C3 and C4) plants growing on crude oil spill laden soil and the responses of antioxidative enzymes were examined. In this study, the synergistic effect of four different metals was examined to find out the antioxidative stress responses. Plants were collected from their natural habitat (crude oil spill laden soil) during the rainy season at the vegetative stage (before flowering) and analyzed for shoot metal concentrations and activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA). The shoot metal concentrations (mg kg) of all the individual metals (Mn, Co, Cd, and Zn) were found in different concentration. All the metal accumulating plants, CAT and SOD activities were found to be high in comparison to the control plants. The highest SOD activity was found in Cynodon dactylon (47 μg FW) whereas the lowest was found in Fimbristylis dichotoma (13 μg FW). The SOD activity increased considerably in all the metal accumulating plants, and the increase ranges 13–47 μg FW. Catalase activity was also found to be high (2–18 μg FW) in all the grass and sedges, of which the highest was recorded in Echinochloa colonna (18 μg FW) and lowest in Arundo donax (2 μg FW). The significant decrease in MDA activity (between 1–0.04 nmol g FW) in the leaves of all metal accumulating plants, suggested metals in soil induced oxidative damage. The antioxidant responses among the species grown in a contaminated site displayed higher levels of activity in all the enzymes compared to no-polluted plants. Therefore, it can be assumed that the heavy metal uptake and bio-productivity (the coordinated manifestation of the efficiency that operates at various molecular and cellular level of these species) is sustained through antioxidative defense system in the examined plants.
{"title":"C3 and C4 plants as potential phytoremediation and bioenergy crops for stabilization of crude oil and heavy metal co-contaminated soils-response of antioxidative enzymes","authors":"S. Sonowal, M. Prasad, H. Sarma","doi":"10.22271/tpr.2018.v5.i3.039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22271/tpr.2018.v5.i3.039","url":null,"abstract":"Metal accumulation in 15 (C3 and C4) plants growing on crude oil spill laden soil and the responses of antioxidative enzymes were examined. In this study, the synergistic effect of four different metals was examined to find out the antioxidative stress responses. Plants were collected from their natural habitat (crude oil spill laden soil) during the rainy season at the vegetative stage (before flowering) and analyzed for shoot metal concentrations and activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA). The shoot metal concentrations (mg kg) of all the individual metals (Mn, Co, Cd, and Zn) were found in different concentration. All the metal accumulating plants, CAT and SOD activities were found to be high in comparison to the control plants. The highest SOD activity was found in Cynodon dactylon (47 μg FW) whereas the lowest was found in Fimbristylis dichotoma (13 μg FW). The SOD activity increased considerably in all the metal accumulating plants, and the increase ranges 13–47 μg FW. Catalase activity was also found to be high (2–18 μg FW) in all the grass and sedges, of which the highest was recorded in Echinochloa colonna (18 μg FW) and lowest in Arundo donax (2 μg FW). The significant decrease in MDA activity (between 1–0.04 nmol g FW) in the leaves of all metal accumulating plants, suggested metals in soil induced oxidative damage. The antioxidant responses among the species grown in a contaminated site displayed higher levels of activity in all the enzymes compared to no-polluted plants. Therefore, it can be assumed that the heavy metal uptake and bio-productivity (the coordinated manifestation of the efficiency that operates at various molecular and cellular level of these species) is sustained through antioxidative defense system in the examined plants.","PeriodicalId":23334,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Plant Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88004993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.22271/tpr.2018.v5.i3.034
A. Raj
Several biotic and abiotic factors including poor regeneration, changing environment and edaphic factor along with poor regeneration affects health and establishment of Shorea robusta nowadays. No systematic attempts were made to understand the dynamism of its natural regeneration and to suggest management inputs to encourage its regeneration. The present study deals with the regeneration status and population structure of four sites of Sal dominating tropical dry deciduous forest during 2016–18. Regeneration status of the forest was determined based on population size of seedlings and saplings. A total of 24 species of 19 families were encountered. Regeneration status in all the study sites is dissimilar. In the entire four sites, site quality I was good regenerating because of the high density of seedlings and saplings in forest site. The results indicated that the average number of regeneration of Sal seedlings per hectare worked out to be 2562 ha, which are quite adequate. It was also observed that Shorea robusta showed uninterrupted type of distribution pattern along with abundant regeneration in the forest stand which showed healthy sign of establishment and growth of this species in the past. Other associates showed different growth patterns. Efforts are needed to conserve the forest for their diversity and existence.
{"title":"Population structure and regeneration potential of Sal dominated tropical dry deciduous forest in Chhattisgarh, India","authors":"A. Raj","doi":"10.22271/tpr.2018.v5.i3.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22271/tpr.2018.v5.i3.034","url":null,"abstract":"Several biotic and abiotic factors including poor regeneration, changing environment and edaphic factor along with poor regeneration affects health and establishment of Shorea robusta nowadays. No systematic attempts were made to understand the dynamism of its natural regeneration and to suggest management inputs to encourage its regeneration. The present study deals with the regeneration status and population structure of four sites of Sal dominating tropical dry deciduous forest during 2016–18. Regeneration status of the forest was determined based on population size of seedlings and saplings. A total of 24 species of 19 families were encountered. Regeneration status in all the study sites is dissimilar. In the entire four sites, site quality I was good regenerating because of the high density of seedlings and saplings in forest site. The results indicated that the average number of regeneration of Sal seedlings per hectare worked out to be 2562 ha, which are quite adequate. It was also observed that Shorea robusta showed uninterrupted type of distribution pattern along with abundant regeneration in the forest stand which showed healthy sign of establishment and growth of this species in the past. Other associates showed different growth patterns. Efforts are needed to conserve the forest for their diversity and existence.","PeriodicalId":23334,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Plant Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80702860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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