MURAT KURŞAT, İSMAİL ÇELTİK, BİROL BAŞER, FAHRETTİN ÖZBEY, İRFAN EMRE
Pollen grains of 24 Tanacetum taxa from Türkiye were examined by light (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Detailed pollen morphological characteristics are provided for these taxa. According to the 24 analyzed taxa, T. parthenifolium has the smallest pollen grains, and T. aurem var. aurem possesses the largest ones. The basic shape of the pollen grains in most taxa is oblatespheroidal. However, suboblate pollen grains are recorded for T. balsamitoides, T. aurem var. aurem, and T. tomentellum. The polar axis ranges from 16.56 to 26.14 µm, and the equatorial diameter ranges from 17.64 to 30.12 µm in this study. The grains are trizonocolporate, and exine sculpturing is echinate in all taxa. The ornamentations between spines are reticulate, microreticulate, perforate, microperforate, perforate-granulate, microperforate-granulate, rugulate-granulate, and rugulate-perforate. Pollen morphological characteristics of the taxa studied are compared and discussed on the basis of taxonomical concepts. The unweighted pair group approach with arithmetic mean was also employed to assess the morphological differentiation of the pollen, and four types were identified in the dendrogram created from the studied data using this method. In addition, principal component analysis confirms the dendrogram results. In some cases, the pollen characters are useful in distinguishing the taxa.
采用光镜(LM)和扫描电镜(SEM)对 rkiye Tanacetum 24个分类群的花粉粒进行了研究。这些分类群具有详细的花粉形态特征。在分析的24个分类群中，parthenifolium的花粉粒最小，而T. aurem var. aurem的花粉粒最大。大多数分类群花粉粒的基本形状为扁球形。然而，balsamitoides、T. aurem var. aurem和T. tomentellum的花粉粒均为半球形。极轴范围为16.56 ~ 26.14µm，赤道直径范围为17.64 ~ 30.12µm。在所有的分类群中，颗粒是三合一的，外壁雕刻是棘刺的。刺之间的纹饰为网状、微网状、穿孔、微穿孔、穿孔-颗粒、微穿孔-颗粒、规则-颗粒和规则-穿孔。在分类概念的基础上，对所研究分类群的花粉形态特征进行了比较和讨论。采用带算术平均值的非加权对群法对花粉的形态分化进行了评价，并在该方法生成的树状图中鉴定出了4种类型。此外，主成分分析证实了树状图的结果。在某些情况下，花粉特征对区分分类群是有用的。
{"title":"Pollen morphology of some Tanacetum L. (Asteraceae) taxa and its systematic value","authors":"MURAT KURŞAT, İSMAİL ÇELTİK, BİROL BAŞER, FAHRETTİN ÖZBEY, İRFAN EMRE","doi":"10.55730/1300-008x.2775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-008x.2775","url":null,"abstract":"Pollen grains of 24 Tanacetum taxa from Türkiye were examined by light (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Detailed pollen morphological characteristics are provided for these taxa. According to the 24 analyzed taxa, T. parthenifolium has the smallest pollen grains, and T. aurem var. aurem possesses the largest ones. The basic shape of the pollen grains in most taxa is oblatespheroidal. However, suboblate pollen grains are recorded for T. balsamitoides, T. aurem var. aurem, and T. tomentellum. The polar axis ranges from 16.56 to 26.14 µm, and the equatorial diameter ranges from 17.64 to 30.12 µm in this study. The grains are trizonocolporate, and exine sculpturing is echinate in all taxa. The ornamentations between spines are reticulate, microreticulate, perforate, microperforate, perforate-granulate, microperforate-granulate, rugulate-granulate, and rugulate-perforate. Pollen morphological characteristics of the taxa studied are compared and discussed on the basis of taxonomical concepts. The unweighted pair group approach with arithmetic mean was also employed to assess the morphological differentiation of the pollen, and four types were identified in the dendrogram created from the studied data using this method. In addition, principal component analysis confirms the dendrogram results. In some cases, the pollen characters are useful in distinguishing the taxa.","PeriodicalId":23369,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Botany","volume":"123 20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135719042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Evidence suggests that past climatic oscillations caused many species to drastically change their distribution range and had significant impacts on their survival capabilities. There is significant evidence suggesting that today's changing climate threatens many species to face a rapid extinction period in the coming decades and centuries. Understanding the changing range patterns provides significant input on biodiversity and conservation biology studies. However, warming climatic conditions may also present an opportunity for some species to expand their habitats?particularly those adapted to warmer environments. In this study, we asked how near-future climate change will affect the distribution range of the oriental sweetgum tree (Liquidambar orientalis Miller, 1867) which is a deciduous tertiary relict endemic species that forms the riparian forest ecosystems across southwestern Türkiye and Rhodes Island (Greece). Oriental sweetgum is on the verge of extinction due to past climate changes and current anthropogenic pressures such as deforestation and improper farming practices as well as insufficient conservation policies and efforts in place. As a result, sweetgum trees only survive in fragmented forest patches. To understand the species? possible response to globally rising temperatures, we explored the ecological and climatic factors that drive the distribution changes using a species distribution modeling approach. We predicted species' past (Mid-Holocene, approximately 6000 years ago), current, and future (2070) distribution ranges using maximum-entropy (MaxEnt) niche models built with WorldClim Version 1.4 climatic data. We found that regular water and warmer temperatures are particularly crucial for this species. The models showed a past (Mid-Holocene) expansion in suitable habitats in response to warmer conditions followed by a contraction as temperatures cooled down to the current climate. Most importantly, our future predictions showed that the species can possibly expand its distribution range to newly suitable habitats exhibiting a similar past response to the increasing temperatures. In this scenario, however, we suggest that it is extremely important to take necessary restoration and conservation steps for fragmented sweetgum forests to ensure species survival in the next centuries. We also believe that further research must be conducted to better understand species' ecological requirements and to provide crucial knowledge for future conversation approaches.
有证据表明，过去的气候波动导致许多物种急剧改变其分布范围，并对其生存能力产生重大影响。有重要的证据表明，今天不断变化的气候威胁着许多物种在未来几十年和几个世纪内面临快速灭绝的时期。了解变化的范围模式为生物多样性和保护生物学研究提供了重要的输入。然而，变暖的气候条件也可能为一些物种提供扩大栖息地的机会。尤其是那些适应了温暖环境的动物。在这项研究中，我们询问了近期气候变化将如何影响东方甜桉树(Liquidambar orientalis Miller, 1867)的分布范围。东方甜桉树是一种落叶第三纪的特有物种，形成了希腊基耶岛西南部和罗德岛的河岸森林生态系统。由于过去的气候变化和当前的人为压力，如森林砍伐和不当的耕作方式，以及保护政策和努力的不足，东方甜枫处于灭绝的边缘。因此，甜桉树只能在破碎的森林斑块中生存。为了了解这个物种?对全球气温上升的可能响应，我们使用物种分布建模方法探索了驱动分布变化的生态和气候因素。利用利用WorldClim Version 1.4气候数据建立的最大熵(MaxEnt)生态位模型，预测了物种过去(大约6000年前的全新世中期)、现在和未来(2070年)的分布范围。我们发现正常的水和温暖的温度对这个物种尤其重要。模型显示，在过去(全新世中期)，适宜栖息地因气候变暖而出现扩张，随后随着温度降至当前气候而出现收缩。最重要的是，我们对未来的预测表明，该物种可能会扩大其分布范围，以适应新的栖息地，表现出与过去类似的对温度升高的反应。然而，在这种情况下，我们建议采取必要的恢复和保护措施，以确保该物种在未来几个世纪的生存是极其重要的。我们还认为，必须进行进一步的研究，以更好地了解物种的生态需求，并为未来的对话方法提供关键知识。
{"title":"Increasing temperatures can pose an opportunity to recover endemic and endangered oriental sweetgum tree (Liquidambar orientalis Mill.) from extinction","authors":"OKAN ÜRKER, NURBAHAR USTA BAYKAL, EREN ADA","doi":"10.55730/1300-008x.2774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-008x.2774","url":null,"abstract":"Evidence suggests that past climatic oscillations caused many species to drastically change their distribution range and had significant impacts on their survival capabilities. There is significant evidence suggesting that today's changing climate threatens many species to face a rapid extinction period in the coming decades and centuries. Understanding the changing range patterns provides significant input on biodiversity and conservation biology studies. However, warming climatic conditions may also present an opportunity for some species to expand their habitats?particularly those adapted to warmer environments. In this study, we asked how near-future climate change will affect the distribution range of the oriental sweetgum tree (Liquidambar orientalis Miller, 1867) which is a deciduous tertiary relict endemic species that forms the riparian forest ecosystems across southwestern Türkiye and Rhodes Island (Greece). Oriental sweetgum is on the verge of extinction due to past climate changes and current anthropogenic pressures such as deforestation and improper farming practices as well as insufficient conservation policies and efforts in place. As a result, sweetgum trees only survive in fragmented forest patches. To understand the species? possible response to globally rising temperatures, we explored the ecological and climatic factors that drive the distribution changes using a species distribution modeling approach. We predicted species' past (Mid-Holocene, approximately 6000 years ago), current, and future (2070) distribution ranges using maximum-entropy (MaxEnt) niche models built with WorldClim Version 1.4 climatic data. We found that regular water and warmer temperatures are particularly crucial for this species. The models showed a past (Mid-Holocene) expansion in suitable habitats in response to warmer conditions followed by a contraction as temperatures cooled down to the current climate. Most importantly, our future predictions showed that the species can possibly expand its distribution range to newly suitable habitats exhibiting a similar past response to the increasing temperatures. In this scenario, however, we suggest that it is extremely important to take necessary restoration and conservation steps for fragmented sweetgum forests to ensure species survival in the next centuries. We also believe that further research must be conducted to better understand species' ecological requirements and to provide crucial knowledge for future conversation approaches.","PeriodicalId":23369,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Botany","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135719241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the key uses of flow cytometry is the estimation of nuclear DNA content and ploidy level, which has proven a reliable and effective approach in many studies. The primary goal of this research is to estimate the nuclear DNA content and ploidy level of the apple genetic resource collection maintained in the Fruit Research Institute?s living Malus collection for the first time using flow cytometry (for autochthonous varieties). Fresh apple leaf tissues were used for the flow cytometry analysis. For each genotype, nuclear DNA analysis was performed on three individual plants. Propidium iodide (PI) is used as a fluorochrome. Common vetch (3.65 pg/2C) was used as an internal standard. The 2C nuclear DNA content ranged from 1.46 pg to 2.45 pg. The variation in nuclear DNA content within the collection was statistically significant. Apple genotypes were split into two groups, diploid and triploid, according to their nuclear DNA content. Based on these results, 16.47% of apple genotypes were triploid, while 83.53% were diploid. The 2C nuclear DNA content in triploid genotypes varied from 2.04 to 2.45 pg and in diploids from 1.46 to 1.69 pg. The average nuclear DNA content in diploids was 1.56 pg, whereas it was 2.29 pg in triploids. The results of the study will be useful to determine the best strategies in breeding programs, as ploidy is one of the most important characteristics to consider in selecting parents for breeding purposes in addition to their agronomic characteristics.
{"title":"Nuclear DNA content and ploidy levels of living apple germplasm collection in Türkiye","authors":"EMEL KAÇAL, YAREN İPEK ŞİMŞEK, TURGAY SEYMEN, ŞERİF ÖZONGUN, METİN TUNA","doi":"10.55730/1300-008x.2771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-008x.2771","url":null,"abstract":"One of the key uses of flow cytometry is the estimation of nuclear DNA content and ploidy level, which has proven a reliable and effective approach in many studies. The primary goal of this research is to estimate the nuclear DNA content and ploidy level of the apple genetic resource collection maintained in the Fruit Research Institute?s living Malus collection for the first time using flow cytometry (for autochthonous varieties). Fresh apple leaf tissues were used for the flow cytometry analysis. For each genotype, nuclear DNA analysis was performed on three individual plants. Propidium iodide (PI) is used as a fluorochrome. Common vetch (3.65 pg/2C) was used as an internal standard. The 2C nuclear DNA content ranged from 1.46 pg to 2.45 pg. The variation in nuclear DNA content within the collection was statistically significant. Apple genotypes were split into two groups, diploid and triploid, according to their nuclear DNA content. Based on these results, 16.47% of apple genotypes were triploid, while 83.53% were diploid. The 2C nuclear DNA content in triploid genotypes varied from 2.04 to 2.45 pg and in diploids from 1.46 to 1.69 pg. The average nuclear DNA content in diploids was 1.56 pg, whereas it was 2.29 pg in triploids. The results of the study will be useful to determine the best strategies in breeding programs, as ploidy is one of the most important characteristics to consider in selecting parents for breeding purposes in addition to their agronomic characteristics.","PeriodicalId":23369,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Botany","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135719136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ALEXANDRO LIMA, GISLAINE MELANDA, PAULO MARINHO, T A, MARÍA PAZ MARTÍN, IURI BASEIA
Tulostoma catimbauense and T. deltaconcavum, both collected from Neotropical region, in the Vale do Catimbau National Park, Brazil, are proposed as new to science. Detailed macro- and micromorphological descriptions, including scanning electron microscopy of the basidiospores, are provided. ITS nrDNA sequence analyses were used to investigate the phylogenetic position of these taxa in the genus Tulostoma. Discussions about related species were carried out.
{"title":"Two new species of Tulostoma (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) from the Neotropics","authors":"ALEXANDRO LIMA, GISLAINE MELANDA, PAULO MARINHO, T A, MARÍA PAZ MARTÍN, IURI BASEIA","doi":"10.55730/1300-008x.2777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-008x.2777","url":null,"abstract":"Tulostoma catimbauense and T. deltaconcavum, both collected from Neotropical region, in the Vale do Catimbau National Park, Brazil, are proposed as new to science. Detailed macro- and micromorphological descriptions, including scanning electron microscopy of the basidiospores, are provided. ITS nrDNA sequence analyses were used to investigate the phylogenetic position of these taxa in the genus Tulostoma. Discussions about related species were carried out.","PeriodicalId":23369,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Botany","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135719368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ALİ MURAT KESER, AHMET EMRE YAPRAK, GÜL NİLHAN TUĞ
The population structure and genetic diversity of M. adilii and some edaphic and climatic preferences of the species were investigated. Although the chemical characteristics such as pH, EC, and gypsum were similar for the three subpopulations, the physical qualities and lime content of the soil were different from each other. In terms of bioclimate, the Nallıhan station (Nallıhan Bird Sanctuary) has a lower annual average temperature and precipitation value, and monthly average values during the germination and flowering periods, than the Beypazarı station (Hırkatepe and Çoban Ahmet Fountain). Amplification with 16 ISSR markers produced 377 bands from 84 individuals belonging to three subpopulations. Three hundred and sixty-six of the 377 bands were polymorphic and 9 ISSR markers were found to be 100% polymorphic. The percentage of polymorphic loci at the species level was determined as PLYSP = 97.08%, whereas the average PLYPOP at the population level was 69.67%. Total genetic diversity (HT), genetic diversity within the population (HS ), genetic differentation among populations (GST), and gene flow among populations (NM) values were as follows HT = 0.1888, HS = 0.1712, GST = 0.0934, and NM = 4,8566, respectively. Genetic variance within-population was 89%, whereas among-population it was 11% according to AMOVA. The results of the STRUCTURE analysis (ΔK = 3) were in accord with the UPGMA and PCoA analyses.
{"title":"Determination of the genetic diversity, population structure, and some ecological preferences of the endemic Muscari adilii","authors":"ALİ MURAT KESER, AHMET EMRE YAPRAK, GÜL NİLHAN TUĞ","doi":"10.55730/1300-008x.2773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-008x.2773","url":null,"abstract":"The population structure and genetic diversity of M. adilii and some edaphic and climatic preferences of the species were investigated. Although the chemical characteristics such as pH, EC, and gypsum were similar for the three subpopulations, the physical qualities and lime content of the soil were different from each other. In terms of bioclimate, the Nallıhan station (Nallıhan Bird Sanctuary) has a lower annual average temperature and precipitation value, and monthly average values during the germination and flowering periods, than the Beypazarı station (Hırkatepe and Çoban Ahmet Fountain). Amplification with 16 ISSR markers produced 377 bands from 84 individuals belonging to three subpopulations. Three hundred and sixty-six of the 377 bands were polymorphic and 9 ISSR markers were found to be 100% polymorphic. The percentage of polymorphic loci at the species level was determined as PLYSP = 97.08%, whereas the average PLYPOP at the population level was 69.67%. Total genetic diversity (HT), genetic diversity within the population (HS ), genetic differentation among populations (GST), and gene flow among populations (NM) values were as follows HT = 0.1888, HS = 0.1712, GST = 0.0934, and NM = 4,8566, respectively. Genetic variance within-population was 89%, whereas among-population it was 11% according to AMOVA. The results of the STRUCTURE analysis (ΔK = 3) were in accord with the UPGMA and PCoA analyses.","PeriodicalId":23369,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Botany","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135719125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The new species of Scrophularia was discovered among the screes and stony slopes of the Alakır Valley (Antalya) located in the Western Taurus. The most remarkable morphological feature of the species is its flowers without staminodes. With this feature, the species is unique among the representatives of the ?Canina? clade in Türkiye. The new species is closely related to S. floribunda endemic to Türkiye and East Aegean Islands (Greece) according to our phylogenetic analyses based on the nuclear ITS and chloroplast trnL-F regions. Apart from its corollas without staminodes, the new species differs from its morphologically similar species by having densely glandular inflorescence (incl. calyxes), relatively small corollas, corolla lobes with a narrow white border, and very long filaments.
{"title":"A new Scrophularia (Scrophulariaceae) species without staminodes in the enigmatic ?Canina clade? from the Western Taurus (Türkiye)","authors":"CANDAN AYKURT, MERTCAN GÜLBEN, BARIŞ ÖZÜDOĞRU, DUYGU SARI, İSMAİL GÖKHAN DENİZ, BURÇİN ÇINGAY","doi":"10.55730/1300-008x.2776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-008x.2776","url":null,"abstract":"The new species of Scrophularia was discovered among the screes and stony slopes of the Alakır Valley (Antalya) located in the Western Taurus. The most remarkable morphological feature of the species is its flowers without staminodes. With this feature, the species is unique among the representatives of the ?Canina? clade in Türkiye. The new species is closely related to S. floribunda endemic to Türkiye and East Aegean Islands (Greece) according to our phylogenetic analyses based on the nuclear ITS and chloroplast trnL-F regions. Apart from its corollas without staminodes, the new species differs from its morphologically similar species by having densely glandular inflorescence (incl. calyxes), relatively small corollas, corolla lobes with a narrow white border, and very long filaments.","PeriodicalId":23369,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Botany","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135719686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa) are one of the Rosaceae family, considered economically and nutritionally important berry fruits. Phytochemicals are crucial ingredients that contribute to characteristics such as the fruit?s aroma and flavor. The current study investigated the phytochemical characteristics of strawberry fruit at three developmental stages (green, white, and red). HPLC measurements determined the glucose, fructose, and sucrose concentrations significantly increased in the red fruit, whereas glucose was identified as the major sugar in ripe fruit (2.8 g.g-1FW). Evaluation of the phenylpropanoid pathway implied that the amount of total phenol and flavonoid following phenylalanine ammonia-lyase enzyme activity decreased during fruit development. Unlike phenolic compounds, vitamin C was considerably increased in the red stage, while antioxidant capacity was almost constant in all stages of fruit development. The activities of all antioxidant enzymes at the ripe fruit stage were higher than in the green fruit. At the final stage, the superoxide dismutase enzyme had the highest activity. Increasing carbohydrates in the red fruit is due to the role of these compounds in regulating metabolic pathways during fruit ripening. The reduction of phenolic contents and the stability of antioxidant capacity indicates the role of nonphenolic antioxidant compounds such as vitamin C in the ripening and preservation of antioxidant properties. Identifying the phytochemicals and antioxidant capacity of strawberries during ripening reveals the role of various compounds and oxidative stress pathway signaling in fruit ripening; it can also contribute to the widespread application of strawberries in the edible and nonedible industries at different stages of fruit development.
{"title":"Evaluation of phytochemicals and the role of oxidative stress pathways during fruit development in strawberries (Fragaria×ananassa)","authors":"Fahimeh MOKHTARI SHOJAEE, ELHAM MOHAJEL KAZEMI, HOUSHANG NOSRATI, MARYAM KOLAHI, Mehdi HAGHI","doi":"10.55730/1300-008x.2772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-008x.2772","url":null,"abstract":"Strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa) are one of the Rosaceae family, considered economically and nutritionally important berry fruits. Phytochemicals are crucial ingredients that contribute to characteristics such as the fruit?s aroma and flavor. The current study investigated the phytochemical characteristics of strawberry fruit at three developmental stages (green, white, and red). HPLC measurements determined the glucose, fructose, and sucrose concentrations significantly increased in the red fruit, whereas glucose was identified as the major sugar in ripe fruit (2.8 g.g-1FW). Evaluation of the phenylpropanoid pathway implied that the amount of total phenol and flavonoid following phenylalanine ammonia-lyase enzyme activity decreased during fruit development. Unlike phenolic compounds, vitamin C was considerably increased in the red stage, while antioxidant capacity was almost constant in all stages of fruit development. The activities of all antioxidant enzymes at the ripe fruit stage were higher than in the green fruit. At the final stage, the superoxide dismutase enzyme had the highest activity. Increasing carbohydrates in the red fruit is due to the role of these compounds in regulating metabolic pathways during fruit ripening. The reduction of phenolic contents and the stability of antioxidant capacity indicates the role of nonphenolic antioxidant compounds such as vitamin C in the ripening and preservation of antioxidant properties. Identifying the phytochemicals and antioxidant capacity of strawberries during ripening reveals the role of various compounds and oxidative stress pathway signaling in fruit ripening; it can also contribute to the widespread application of strawberries in the edible and nonedible industries at different stages of fruit development.","PeriodicalId":23369,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Botany","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135719381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-22eCollection Date: 2023-01-01DOI: 10.3897/BDJ.11.e96231
Jiayin Lü, Xiangli Dong, Jiji Li, Yingying Ye, Kaida Xu
To improve the taxonomy and systematics of Porcellanidae within the evolution of Anomura, we describe the complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) sequence of Pisidiaserratifrons, which is 15,344 bp in size, contains the entire set of 37 genes and has an AT-rich region. Compared with the pancrustacean ground pattern, at least five gene clusters (or genes) are significantly different with the typical genes, involving eleven tRNA genes and four PCGs and the tandem duplication/random loss and recombination models were used to explain the observed large-scale gene re-arrangements. The phylogenetic results showed that all Porcellanidae species clustered together as a group with well nodal support. Most Anomura superfamilies were found to be monophyletic, except Paguroidea. Divergence time estimation implies that the age of Anomura is over 225 MYA, dating back to at least the late Triassic. Most of the extant superfamilies and families arose during the late Cretaceous to early Tertiary. In general, the results obtained in this study will contribute to a better understanding of gene re-arrangements in Porcellanidae mitogenomes and provide new insights into the phylogeny of Anomura.
{"title":"Novel gene re-arrangement in the mitochondrial genome of <i>Pisidiaserratifrons</i> (Anomura, Galatheoidea, Porcellanidae) and phylogenetic associations in Anomura.","authors":"Jiayin Lü, Xiangli Dong, Jiji Li, Yingying Ye, Kaida Xu","doi":"10.3897/BDJ.11.e96231","DOIUrl":"10.3897/BDJ.11.e96231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To improve the taxonomy and systematics of Porcellanidae within the evolution of Anomura, we describe the complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) sequence of <i>Pisidiaserratifrons</i>, which is 15,344 bp in size, contains the entire set of 37 genes and has an AT-rich region. Compared with the pancrustacean ground pattern, at least five gene clusters (or genes) are significantly different with the typical genes, involving eleven tRNA genes and four PCGs and the tandem duplication/random loss and recombination models were used to explain the observed large-scale gene re-arrangements. The phylogenetic results showed that all Porcellanidae species clustered together as a group with well nodal support. Most Anomura superfamilies were found to be monophyletic, except Paguroidea. Divergence time estimation implies that the age of Anomura is over 225 MYA, dating back to at least the late Triassic. Most of the extant superfamilies and families arose during the late Cretaceous to early Tertiary. In general, the results obtained in this study will contribute to a better understanding of gene re-arrangements in Porcellanidae mitogenomes and provide new insights into the phylogeny of Anomura.</p>","PeriodicalId":23369,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Botany","volume":"1 1","pages":"e96231"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10848379/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74421601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Scutellaria yildirimlii is an endangered perennial endemic species from Turkey and belongs to the family Lamiaceae, which has a high number of medicinal and aromatic plants. It is crucial to determine genetic diversity and population structure of this species for its conservation measures; therefore, 111 individuals from five natural populations of S. yildirimlii were investigated by using 15 inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) primers. The percentage of polymorphic loci (PPL), Nei’s gene diversity (H), and Shannon’s information index (I) at the species and population-level were determined as 93.9%, 0.183, 0.292 and 56.5%, 0.158, 0.242, respectively. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that there is more genetic variation within populations (84%) than among populations (16%). Nei’s differentiation coefficient (G ST = 0.144) was determined to be moderate, which was confirmed by the level of genetic differentiation among populations. Gene flow (N m = 2.984) showed high genetic exchange among populations. Pairwise genetic distance values among populations ranged from 0.0219 to 0.0512. The Mantel test revealed a statistically significant positive correlation between genetic and geographical distance (r = 0.493, p < 0.001). The Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Averages (UPGMA) dendrogram and Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) showed similar results. STRUCTURE analysis (ΔK = 3) revealed that the K test yielded maximum peaks for 3 clusters. Based on the findings, measures for genetic conservation and management of this species were presented.
{"title":"The assessment of genetic diversity and population structure of endemic Scutellaria yildirimlii (Lamiaceae) for conservation purposes","authors":"Merve Yıldırım, G. Tug, A. Yaprak","doi":"10.55730/1300-008x.2759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-008x.2759","url":null,"abstract":": Scutellaria yildirimlii is an endangered perennial endemic species from Turkey and belongs to the family Lamiaceae, which has a high number of medicinal and aromatic plants. It is crucial to determine genetic diversity and population structure of this species for its conservation measures; therefore, 111 individuals from five natural populations of S. yildirimlii were investigated by using 15 inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) primers. The percentage of polymorphic loci (PPL), Nei’s gene diversity (H), and Shannon’s information index (I) at the species and population-level were determined as 93.9%, 0.183, 0.292 and 56.5%, 0.158, 0.242, respectively. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that there is more genetic variation within populations (84%) than among populations (16%). Nei’s differentiation coefficient (G ST = 0.144) was determined to be moderate, which was confirmed by the level of genetic differentiation among populations. Gene flow (N m = 2.984) showed high genetic exchange among populations. Pairwise genetic distance values among populations ranged from 0.0219 to 0.0512. The Mantel test revealed a statistically significant positive correlation between genetic and geographical distance (r = 0.493, p < 0.001). The Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Averages (UPGMA) dendrogram and Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) showed similar results. STRUCTURE analysis (ΔK = 3) revealed that the K test yielded maximum peaks for 3 clusters. Based on the findings, measures for genetic conservation and management of this species were presented.","PeriodicalId":23369,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43387348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Altyar, Ikhlas Sindi, Dina S. El-Agamy, Wael M Elsaed, Ahmed M. Shehata, Hossam M. Abdallah, G. Mohamed, Abdelsattar M. Omar, Sabrin R. M. Ibrahim
: Cheilocostus speciosus (Syn : Costus speciosus ) (Crepe or spiral ginger) is one of the species of the family Costaceae that is widely used in various traditional medicines for treating various ailments. Mokko lactone (ML) belongs to the guaianolide family of sesquiterpenes, which has been separated from C. speciosus . It showed noticeable antiinflammation and antioxidative capacities. The current study explored the ML hepatoprotective potential against FHF (fulminant hepatic failure) in mice. FHF was successfully established using intraperitoneal injection of ᴅ -galactosamine ( ᴅ -GalN, 700 mg/kg)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 µg/kg) in male Swiss-albino mice. The mice were pretreated with ML (20 or 40 mg/kg, orally) daily for five days before ᴅ -GalN/LPS challenge. Eight hours after D-GalN/LPS injection, serum and hepatic tissue were harvested for different biochemical, histologic grading, immunohistochemical, and ELISA analyses. The results have shown that d-GalN/LPS-induced massive hepatic damage that was evident through the tremendous increase in serum biochemical parameters: transaminases, γ-GT, and ALP, as well as deteriorated histopathological architecture of the liver. d-GalN/LPS created a state of oxidative damage in the hepatocytes as there was a significant rise in MDA level concurrently with depressed antioxidants as GSH (reduced glutathione), SOD (superoxide dismutase) activity, and TAC (total antioxidant capacity). Ad-ditionally, d-GalN/LPS activated NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-B), resulting in an increase in the production of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. Interestingly, all these changes were amended by ML pretreatment, indicating the potent hepatoprotective, antioxidant, and antiinflammatory efficacy of ML against d-GalN/LPS-induced FHF. These effects could be mediated through inhibition of NF-κB/downstream cytokine signaling. Hence, ML is suggested as new candidate for the treatment of FHF.
{"title":"Protective potential of mokko lactone from Cheilocostus speciosus (J. Koenig) C.D.Specht (Costaceae) rhizomes against fulminant hepatic failure","authors":"A. Altyar, Ikhlas Sindi, Dina S. El-Agamy, Wael M Elsaed, Ahmed M. Shehata, Hossam M. Abdallah, G. Mohamed, Abdelsattar M. Omar, Sabrin R. M. Ibrahim","doi":"10.55730/1300-008x.2764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-008x.2764","url":null,"abstract":": Cheilocostus speciosus (Syn : Costus speciosus ) (Crepe or spiral ginger) is one of the species of the family Costaceae that is widely used in various traditional medicines for treating various ailments. Mokko lactone (ML) belongs to the guaianolide family of sesquiterpenes, which has been separated from C. speciosus . It showed noticeable antiinflammation and antioxidative capacities. The current study explored the ML hepatoprotective potential against FHF (fulminant hepatic failure) in mice. FHF was successfully established using intraperitoneal injection of ᴅ -galactosamine ( ᴅ -GalN, 700 mg/kg)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 µg/kg) in male Swiss-albino mice. The mice were pretreated with ML (20 or 40 mg/kg, orally) daily for five days before ᴅ -GalN/LPS challenge. Eight hours after D-GalN/LPS injection, serum and hepatic tissue were harvested for different biochemical, histologic grading, immunohistochemical, and ELISA analyses. The results have shown that d-GalN/LPS-induced massive hepatic damage that was evident through the tremendous increase in serum biochemical parameters: transaminases, γ-GT, and ALP, as well as deteriorated histopathological architecture of the liver. d-GalN/LPS created a state of oxidative damage in the hepatocytes as there was a significant rise in MDA level concurrently with depressed antioxidants as GSH (reduced glutathione), SOD (superoxide dismutase) activity, and TAC (total antioxidant capacity). Ad-ditionally, d-GalN/LPS activated NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-B), resulting in an increase in the production of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. Interestingly, all these changes were amended by ML pretreatment, indicating the potent hepatoprotective, antioxidant, and antiinflammatory efficacy of ML against d-GalN/LPS-induced FHF. These effects could be mediated through inhibition of NF-κB/downstream cytokine signaling. Hence, ML is suggested as new candidate for the treatment of FHF.","PeriodicalId":23369,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48652336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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