{"title":"Activated charcoal alleviates fluoride stress by restricting fluoride uptake and counteracting oxidative damages in the rice cultivar MTU1010","authors":"A. Singh, S. Chakraborty, A. Roychoudhury","doi":"10.55730/1300-008x.2749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-008x.2749","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23369,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42769913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Suzan Kundakçi, Serdar Makbul, Mutlu Gültepe, Murat Erdem Güzel, Seda Okur, K. Coşkunçelebi
: Epilobium and Chamaenerion included 165 and 8 species over the world, respectively. The members of the genera are distributed particularly in moist habitats from subpolar to tropical regions. This paper aims to provide improvements in the phylogeny of the genera Epilobium and Chamaenerion using Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) of nuclear DNA and mat K gene sequence data evaluation with maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference criterations. A total of 188 individual accessions belonging to 28 taxa were newly generated and 110 sequences imported from GenBank (NCBI) were analysed. The nrDNA and plastid DNA gene trees supported to treat Epilobium and Chamaenerion as separate genera in two well-supported clades. The mat K analyses revealed a better resolution than nrDNA ITS within the Chamaenerion clade and supported the inclusion of C. angustifolium in the sect. Chamaenerion . However, most of the examined species mostly fell into the polytomy in both trees excluding E. roseum subsp. consimile which should be considered a distinct species in the Epilobium contrary to morphological treatment in many national flora books. Both phylogenetic trees also support distinguishing E. prionophyllum from E. anatolicum previously treated as a subspecies of E. anatolicum . In conclusion, these preliminary phylogenetic analyses have contributed significantly to the determination of the limits of members belonging to Epilobium and Chamaenerion distributed in Türkiye.
{"title":"Improvements in the phylogeny of Epilobium and Chamaenerion inferred from nrDNA and cpDNA data focusing on Türkiye","authors":"Suzan Kundakçi, Serdar Makbul, Mutlu Gültepe, Murat Erdem Güzel, Seda Okur, K. Coşkunçelebi","doi":"10.55730/1300-008x.2753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-008x.2753","url":null,"abstract":": Epilobium and Chamaenerion included 165 and 8 species over the world, respectively. The members of the genera are distributed particularly in moist habitats from subpolar to tropical regions. This paper aims to provide improvements in the phylogeny of the genera Epilobium and Chamaenerion using Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) of nuclear DNA and mat K gene sequence data evaluation with maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference criterations. A total of 188 individual accessions belonging to 28 taxa were newly generated and 110 sequences imported from GenBank (NCBI) were analysed. The nrDNA and plastid DNA gene trees supported to treat Epilobium and Chamaenerion as separate genera in two well-supported clades. The mat K analyses revealed a better resolution than nrDNA ITS within the Chamaenerion clade and supported the inclusion of C. angustifolium in the sect. Chamaenerion . However, most of the examined species mostly fell into the polytomy in both trees excluding E. roseum subsp. consimile which should be considered a distinct species in the Epilobium contrary to morphological treatment in many national flora books. Both phylogenetic trees also support distinguishing E. prionophyllum from E. anatolicum previously treated as a subspecies of E. anatolicum . In conclusion, these preliminary phylogenetic analyses have contributed significantly to the determination of the limits of members belonging to Epilobium and Chamaenerion distributed in Türkiye.","PeriodicalId":23369,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44637469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Two popular cultivars of tuberose ( Agave amica (Medik.) Theide and Govaerts syn. Polianthes tuberosa L.) from the family Asparagaceae, widely cultivated for floricultural purposes are ‘Calcutta Single’ (CS) and ‘Calcutta Double’ (CD). It was evidenced that CS flowers emit intense scent volatiles as compared to CD flowers, while CD flowers retained higher contents of internal pool of scent volatiles than CS flowers. Such contrasting observations between the flowers of two cultivars suggest the role of possible barriers such as cuticles that prevent the emission of scent volatiles. The cuticular structure of both cultivars was studied using different histochemical approaches, including light and epi-fluorescence microscopies. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to understand the cuticular deposition in the cultivars. Our observations confirmed relatively higher cuticular thickness in CD flowers than in CS. SEM results showed the accumulation of wax crystalloids in CS flower and the formation of cuticular nanoridges in CD flowers over the surfaces of the tepals. In addition, accumulation of lipid droplets was also noticed on the tepal peels of the cultivars showing a denser deposition in CD. Our observations suggest that the presence of wax crystalloids in CS flowers enhances the emission of volatiles, while in CD flowers, the presence of thick cuticular nanoridges possibly deters the scent emission and accumulated as an internal pool in higher amounts. The stomatal behavior also indicates a proportional relationship between cuticular deposition and scent emission; low cuticular deposition corresponds to higher emission of floral volatiles emission and vice versa as observed in CS and CD flowers, respectively.
{"title":"Histochemical and surface microstructural analyses of floral cuticles provide evidence for differential behaviors in scent volatiles emission in two tuberoses (Agave amica (Medik.) Theide and Govaerts) cultivars from Asparagaceae","authors":"R. Bhattacharya, A. Mitra","doi":"10.55730/1300-008x.2758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-008x.2758","url":null,"abstract":": Two popular cultivars of tuberose ( Agave amica (Medik.) Theide and Govaerts syn. Polianthes tuberosa L.) from the family Asparagaceae, widely cultivated for floricultural purposes are ‘Calcutta Single’ (CS) and ‘Calcutta Double’ (CD). It was evidenced that CS flowers emit intense scent volatiles as compared to CD flowers, while CD flowers retained higher contents of internal pool of scent volatiles than CS flowers. Such contrasting observations between the flowers of two cultivars suggest the role of possible barriers such as cuticles that prevent the emission of scent volatiles. The cuticular structure of both cultivars was studied using different histochemical approaches, including light and epi-fluorescence microscopies. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to understand the cuticular deposition in the cultivars. Our observations confirmed relatively higher cuticular thickness in CD flowers than in CS. SEM results showed the accumulation of wax crystalloids in CS flower and the formation of cuticular nanoridges in CD flowers over the surfaces of the tepals. In addition, accumulation of lipid droplets was also noticed on the tepal peels of the cultivars showing a denser deposition in CD. Our observations suggest that the presence of wax crystalloids in CS flowers enhances the emission of volatiles, while in CD flowers, the presence of thick cuticular nanoridges possibly deters the scent emission and accumulated as an internal pool in higher amounts. The stomatal behavior also indicates a proportional relationship between cuticular deposition and scent emission; low cuticular deposition corresponds to higher emission of floral volatiles emission and vice versa as observed in CS and CD flowers, respectively.","PeriodicalId":23369,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44236625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: The lichens serve as an ecological niche for a group of unexplored fungal species residing inside their thallus without causing any noticeable symptoms and such fungi are termed as endolichenic fungi. The objective of the current study is to check the endolichenic fungal diversity within lichen genus Parmotrema. The study resulted in a total of 450 endolichenic fungi (ELF) isolates from 15 species of Parmotrema . Out of these, 73 sporulating isolates were identified using ITS sequences which resulted in 47 species under 23 genera. The phylogenetic assemblage of the fungi comprised Sordariomycetes (84.50%), Dothideomycetes (5.63%), Eurotiomycetes (7.04%), Pezizomycetes (1.40%), and Agaricomycetes (1.40%). Daldinia eschscholtzii , Xylaria feejeensis , Nemania diffusa , Annulohypoxylon truncatum , and Nigrospora sphaerica were frequently occurring isolates inhabiting at least five different species of Parmotrema. Furthermore, Daldinia eschscholtzii and Nemania diffusa were found to be with maximum colonization rate of 1.55% and relative frequency of 0.148. Sorenson’s similarity coefficient was found to be highest between P. hababianum and P. nilgherrense with 0.36. The study encountered fungal taxa such as Annulohypoxylon truncatum , Coprinellus radians , Cladorrhinum sp., Plectania rhytidia , Fimetariella rabenhorstii , and Liangia sinensis earlier not reported as endolichenic fungi.
{"title":"Diversity of endolichenic fungi within lichen genus Parmotrema from India","authors":"J. Chakarwarti, S. Nayaka, S. Srivastava","doi":"10.55730/1300-008x.2767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-008x.2767","url":null,"abstract":": The lichens serve as an ecological niche for a group of unexplored fungal species residing inside their thallus without causing any noticeable symptoms and such fungi are termed as endolichenic fungi. The objective of the current study is to check the endolichenic fungal diversity within lichen genus Parmotrema. The study resulted in a total of 450 endolichenic fungi (ELF) isolates from 15 species of Parmotrema . Out of these, 73 sporulating isolates were identified using ITS sequences which resulted in 47 species under 23 genera. The phylogenetic assemblage of the fungi comprised Sordariomycetes (84.50%), Dothideomycetes (5.63%), Eurotiomycetes (7.04%), Pezizomycetes (1.40%), and Agaricomycetes (1.40%). Daldinia eschscholtzii , Xylaria feejeensis , Nemania diffusa , Annulohypoxylon truncatum , and Nigrospora sphaerica were frequently occurring isolates inhabiting at least five different species of Parmotrema. Furthermore, Daldinia eschscholtzii and Nemania diffusa were found to be with maximum colonization rate of 1.55% and relative frequency of 0.148. Sorenson’s similarity coefficient was found to be highest between P. hababianum and P. nilgherrense with 0.36. The study encountered fungal taxa such as Annulohypoxylon truncatum , Coprinellus radians , Cladorrhinum sp., Plectania rhytidia , Fimetariella rabenhorstii , and Liangia sinensis earlier not reported as endolichenic fungi.","PeriodicalId":23369,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45262131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Revealing genetic diversity is both essential for plant systematics and also provides important information for agricultural sciences. Crambe hispanica var. abyssinica is an oil seed crop. Wild plants related to crops (Crop Wild Relatives) are important resources for the genetic improvement of cultivated species. In order to reveal the genetic diversity of wild Crambe taxa of Turkey, we used ITS and trn L-F markers to create the haplotype networks and phylogeny reconstruction. Thirty-nine accessions belonging to 8 Crambe taxa were used as the material of our study: Crambe orientalis var . orientalis with 18 accessions, Crambe orientalis var . sulphurea with 3 accessions, Crambe orientalis var . dasycarpa with 1 accession, Crambe alutacea with 1 accession, Crambe grandiflora with 1 accession, Crambe tataria var . tataria with 8 accessions, Crambe tataria var. aspera with 2 accessions, and Crambe maritima with 5 accessions. The phylogeny inference of ITS and trn L-F data revealed two major lineages: one consisted of Crambe maritima and Crambe tataria accessions, while the other consisted of Crambe orientalis subsp . orientalis , Crambe orientalis subsp . sulphurea , Crambe orientalis var . dasycarpa , Crambe grandiflora , and Crambe alutacea. In the haplotype networks based trn L-F region, all Crambe maritima accessions and most of the Crambe. orientalis accessions shared one haplotype. However, Crambe maritima , Crambe orientalis , and Crambe tataria shared no common haplotype in the networks based on ITS region. In both networks, Crambe alutacea shared one haplotype with some Crambe orientalis . Crambe maritima and Crambe orientalis shared the H1 haplotype . Other haplotypes differed from the most common haplotype (H1) by one or two base pairs. Crambe orientalis is the species with the highest haplotype diversity and IT6 haplotype has the highest seed oil content among CWR of Crambe in Turkey.
揭示遗传多样性是植物系统学研究的重要内容，也是农业科学研究的重要信息来源。海芋是一种油料种子作物。与作物有关的野生植物(作物近缘种)是栽培种遗传改良的重要资源。为了揭示土耳其野生克兰贝类群的遗传多样性，我们利用ITS和trn L-F标记建立了单倍型网络并进行了系统发育重建。本研究以8个克拉姆分类群的39份材料为材料:克拉姆(Crambe orientalis var);东方学有18种，东方学有18种。硫脲与3个加入，克兰东方品种。山楂1株，鹤耳草1株，桔梗1株，鹤耳草1株。鞑靼菜有8种，鞑靼菜有2种，海苔菜有5种。ITS和trn L-F数据的系统发育推断揭示了两个主要谱系:一个是由克拉姆和鞑靼系组成的，另一个是由克拉姆东方亚系组成的。东洋蓟，东洋蓟亚种。硫脲，东方克兰变种。山菖蒲、大花菖蒲和花菖蒲。在以trn - f区为基础的单倍型网络中，所有的克兰伯海洋物种和大部分克兰伯海洋物种。东方人的遗传资料共有一个单倍型。然而，在基于ITS区域的网络中，克拉姆、东方克拉姆和鞑靼克拉姆没有共同的单倍型。在这两个网络中，蓝刺鹤与一些东方鹤共有一个单倍型。海蛤和东方蛤具有相同的H1单倍型。其他单倍型与最常见的单倍型(H1)有一个或两个碱基对的差异。在土耳其克兰贝CWR中，克兰贝单倍型多样性最高，IT6单倍型种子含油量最高。
{"title":"Haplotype Diversity and Molecular Phylogeny of Wild Crambe L. (Brassicaceae) Taxa of Turkey","authors":"Burcu Hacıoğlu, Kurtulus Özgisi","doi":"10.55730/1300-008x.2766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-008x.2766","url":null,"abstract":": Revealing genetic diversity is both essential for plant systematics and also provides important information for agricultural sciences. Crambe hispanica var. abyssinica is an oil seed crop. Wild plants related to crops (Crop Wild Relatives) are important resources for the genetic improvement of cultivated species. In order to reveal the genetic diversity of wild Crambe taxa of Turkey, we used ITS and trn L-F markers to create the haplotype networks and phylogeny reconstruction. Thirty-nine accessions belonging to 8 Crambe taxa were used as the material of our study: Crambe orientalis var . orientalis with 18 accessions, Crambe orientalis var . sulphurea with 3 accessions, Crambe orientalis var . dasycarpa with 1 accession, Crambe alutacea with 1 accession, Crambe grandiflora with 1 accession, Crambe tataria var . tataria with 8 accessions, Crambe tataria var. aspera with 2 accessions, and Crambe maritima with 5 accessions. The phylogeny inference of ITS and trn L-F data revealed two major lineages: one consisted of Crambe maritima and Crambe tataria accessions, while the other consisted of Crambe orientalis subsp . orientalis , Crambe orientalis subsp . sulphurea , Crambe orientalis var . dasycarpa , Crambe grandiflora , and Crambe alutacea. In the haplotype networks based trn L-F region, all Crambe maritima accessions and most of the Crambe. orientalis accessions shared one haplotype. However, Crambe maritima , Crambe orientalis , and Crambe tataria shared no common haplotype in the networks based on ITS region. In both networks, Crambe alutacea shared one haplotype with some Crambe orientalis . Crambe maritima and Crambe orientalis shared the H1 haplotype . Other haplotypes differed from the most common haplotype (H1) by one or two base pairs. Crambe orientalis is the species with the highest haplotype diversity and IT6 haplotype has the highest seed oil content among CWR of Crambe in Turkey.","PeriodicalId":23369,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44840152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: This paper revises the genus Nepeta for the family Lamiaceae for the Flora of Iraq project. We describe a new species, Nepeta iraqensis, and four new records Nepeta congesta subsp. cryptantha , N. stricta , N. lamiifolia and N. iodantha for Iraq. Lectotypes for six taxa are selected and comments on complex species are given. In addition, two new synonyms are given here for the first time. In all, we describe with identification keys, 19 taxa, three of which are endemic to Iraq.
{"title":"Revision of the genus Nepeta L. (Lamiaceae) in Iraq","authors":"T. Dirmenci, Ali Haloob, F. Celep, S. Ghazanfar","doi":"10.55730/1300-008x.2754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-008x.2754","url":null,"abstract":": This paper revises the genus Nepeta for the family Lamiaceae for the Flora of Iraq project. We describe a new species, Nepeta iraqensis, and four new records Nepeta congesta subsp. cryptantha , N. stricta , N. lamiifolia and N. iodantha for Iraq. Lectotypes for six taxa are selected and comments on complex species are given. In addition, two new synonyms are given here for the first time. In all, we describe with identification keys, 19 taxa, three of which are endemic to Iraq.","PeriodicalId":23369,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43066330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Plants activate glutathione (GSH)-dependent detoxification pathways at biochemical and molecular levels under boron (B) toxicity. Sulfate uptake and transport are necessary for GSH biosynthesis in plants. Therefore, the transcriptional regulation of some sulfate transporters was determined in this study to clarify the importance of these transporters in leaf and root tissues of Arabidopsis thaliana under toxic B conditions. The expression level of SULTR1;3 was dramatically increased in leaf and root tissues under moderate and severe toxic B conditions, suggesting source-to-sink sulfate translocation under B toxicity. Stable expression levels of SULTR2;1 , SULTR2;2 , and low SULTR3;5 expression might restrict the sulfate movement into the xylem in leaves. SULTR3;1 , SULTR3;2 , SULTR3;3 , SULTR3;4 , SULTR4;1 and SULTR4;2 were induced in root tissues under toxic B conditions, indicating an induction of root-to-shoot sulfate translocation. These results showed that B toxicity might disrupt the homogeneous distribution of sulfate and sulfur-containing compounds in both tissues of A. thaliana . Moreover, we performed in silico analysis of microarray experiments to determine the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under B toxicity and sulfur deficiency. Gene ontology, hierarchical clustering, and coexpression network analyses of these DEGs demonstrated the requirement of sulfate transporters under B toxicity. A set of genes involved in sulfur metabolism coexpress with sulfate transporters under B toxicity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report focusing on the molecular regulation of sulfate transporters in Arabidopsis thaliana under B toxicity.
{"title":"Boron toxicity induces sulfate transporters at transcriptional level in Arabidopsis thaliana","authors":"C. Kayıhan, Emre Aksoy, Su Naz Mutlu","doi":"10.55730/1300-008x.2740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-008x.2740","url":null,"abstract":": Plants activate glutathione (GSH)-dependent detoxification pathways at biochemical and molecular levels under boron (B) toxicity. Sulfate uptake and transport are necessary for GSH biosynthesis in plants. Therefore, the transcriptional regulation of some sulfate transporters was determined in this study to clarify the importance of these transporters in leaf and root tissues of Arabidopsis thaliana under toxic B conditions. The expression level of SULTR1;3 was dramatically increased in leaf and root tissues under moderate and severe toxic B conditions, suggesting source-to-sink sulfate translocation under B toxicity. Stable expression levels of SULTR2;1 , SULTR2;2 , and low SULTR3;5 expression might restrict the sulfate movement into the xylem in leaves. SULTR3;1 , SULTR3;2 , SULTR3;3 , SULTR3;4 , SULTR4;1 and SULTR4;2 were induced in root tissues under toxic B conditions, indicating an induction of root-to-shoot sulfate translocation. These results showed that B toxicity might disrupt the homogeneous distribution of sulfate and sulfur-containing compounds in both tissues of A. thaliana . Moreover, we performed in silico analysis of microarray experiments to determine the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under B toxicity and sulfur deficiency. Gene ontology, hierarchical clustering, and coexpression network analyses of these DEGs demonstrated the requirement of sulfate transporters under B toxicity. A set of genes involved in sulfur metabolism coexpress with sulfate transporters under B toxicity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report focusing on the molecular regulation of sulfate transporters in Arabidopsis thaliana under B toxicity.","PeriodicalId":23369,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43339264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: The carob tree, which is a member of the Fabaceae family, is an agrosilvopastoral tree whose pre-Mediterranean tropical origin appears well established on the basis of genetic, fossil and physiological data. C. siliqua has recently been successfully introduced from the Mediterranean basin to other parts of the world that have a Mediterranean climate. In terms of its domestication, there is paleobotanical, philological, ecological and historical evidence to suggest that the species was spread by people from Arabia, where it took refuge during the Ice Age, to Mesopotamia and then on to the western Mediterranean. This “eastern refugium hypothesis” (ERH) postulates the existence of a single refuge for the carob tree in the eastern Mediterranean and a dissemination by humans to the west of the region concomitant with its domestication. However, recent results of phylogenetic and fossil analyses have revealed the existence of a western refuge, thus refuting the single ERH hypothesis and supporting local use and domestication of the carob tree from native populations throughout the Mediterranean. This paper advances other arguments of a historical, philological, ecological and sociocultural nature that support the existence of a western refugium and also emphasise the important role played by the Romans and particularly by the Arabs and Andalusians in the propagation and domestication of the carob tree in the western Mediterranean
{"title":"Origin, distribution and domestication of the carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.)","authors":"Yassine Moustafa Mahdad, S. Gaouar","doi":"10.55730/1300-008x.2748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-008x.2748","url":null,"abstract":": The carob tree, which is a member of the Fabaceae family, is an agrosilvopastoral tree whose pre-Mediterranean tropical origin appears well established on the basis of genetic, fossil and physiological data. C. siliqua has recently been successfully introduced from the Mediterranean basin to other parts of the world that have a Mediterranean climate. In terms of its domestication, there is paleobotanical, philological, ecological and historical evidence to suggest that the species was spread by people from Arabia, where it took refuge during the Ice Age, to Mesopotamia and then on to the western Mediterranean. This “eastern refugium hypothesis” (ERH) postulates the existence of a single refuge for the carob tree in the eastern Mediterranean and a dissemination by humans to the west of the region concomitant with its domestication. However, recent results of phylogenetic and fossil analyses have revealed the existence of a western refuge, thus refuting the single ERH hypothesis and supporting local use and domestication of the carob tree from native populations throughout the Mediterranean. This paper advances other arguments of a historical, philological, ecological and sociocultural nature that support the existence of a western refugium and also emphasise the important role played by the Romans and particularly by the Arabs and Andalusians in the propagation and domestication of the carob tree in the western Mediterranean","PeriodicalId":23369,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44002602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Lignocellulosic biomass is an abundant and renewable source that could be utilized for production of many bioproducts. It mainly consists of cellulose, hemicellulose
：木质纤维素生物质是一种丰富的可再生资源，可用于生产许多生物产品。它主要由纤维素、半纤维素组成
{"title":"Monoclonal antibodies against methyl glucuronoxylan epitopes for understanding xylan structure and modification","authors":"U. Avci","doi":"10.55730/1300-008x.2757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-008x.2757","url":null,"abstract":": Lignocellulosic biomass is an abundant and renewable source that could be utilized for production of many bioproducts. It mainly consists of cellulose, hemicellulose","PeriodicalId":23369,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48976542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Monir Mohseni, A. Azimi, B. D. Hashemloian, M. Farzamisepehr
{"title":"Phytochemical investigation of alkaloid fractions of Fumaria vaillantii and F. asepala and their antifungal influence on gene expression pattern in Aspergillus species","authors":"Monir Mohseni, A. Azimi, B. D. Hashemloian, M. Farzamisepehr","doi":"10.55730/1300-008x.2762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-008x.2762","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23369,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41900879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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