: Plantago is a cosmopolitan genus with approximately 200 species and various infrageneric classifications have been reported. In this study, the seed morphologies of 19 species of Plantago from Iran were studied and documented in detail using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. The studied species were grouped by using statistical analyses such as a minimum spherical cluster method based on Euclidean distance, principal coordinate analysis, and multidimentional scaling. We have described four types based on the seed shape and states of the inner side of the studied seeds: convex-angular type, convex-elliptic type, flat-elliptic type, and concave-elliptic type. In this study, three types of seed coat patterns were recognized: reticulate, scalariform to reticulate, and papillate. Regardless of the limited range taxa considered, our data convincingly support a close relationship between subgenera Plantago and Coronopus , and between Albicans and Psyllium . Consequently, we would suggest that the species of subgenus Coronopus should be placed within subgenus Plantago as Pilger’s taxonomy, and the species of subgenus Albicans should be merged within subgenus Psyllium as Rønsted et al.’s taxonomy. The seed morphology revealed that subgenus Plantago and subgenus Albicans are paraphyletic. Moreover, the deformation of testa cells can be an indicator for finding different lineages at series to the subgenus level. The features of the arrangement of testa cells and anticlinal walls can be used at the species level, especially when the morphological diversity between species is low. We conclude that seed morphology provides useful and important information on phylogenetic relationships of Plantago species, and thus they have systematic significance.
{"title":"Seed morphology of some Plantago (Plantaginaceae) species in Iran and its systematic and phylogenetic implications","authors":"S. Mohsenzadeh, M. Sheidai, F. Koohdar","doi":"10.55730/1300-008x.2745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-008x.2745","url":null,"abstract":": Plantago is a cosmopolitan genus with approximately 200 species and various infrageneric classifications have been reported. In this study, the seed morphologies of 19 species of Plantago from Iran were studied and documented in detail using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. The studied species were grouped by using statistical analyses such as a minimum spherical cluster method based on Euclidean distance, principal coordinate analysis, and multidimentional scaling. We have described four types based on the seed shape and states of the inner side of the studied seeds: convex-angular type, convex-elliptic type, flat-elliptic type, and concave-elliptic type. In this study, three types of seed coat patterns were recognized: reticulate, scalariform to reticulate, and papillate. Regardless of the limited range taxa considered, our data convincingly support a close relationship between subgenera Plantago and Coronopus , and between Albicans and Psyllium . Consequently, we would suggest that the species of subgenus Coronopus should be placed within subgenus Plantago as Pilger’s taxonomy, and the species of subgenus Albicans should be merged within subgenus Psyllium as Rønsted et al.’s taxonomy. The seed morphology revealed that subgenus Plantago and subgenus Albicans are paraphyletic. Moreover, the deformation of testa cells can be an indicator for finding different lineages at series to the subgenus level. The features of the arrangement of testa cells and anticlinal walls can be used at the species level, especially when the morphological diversity between species is low. We conclude that seed morphology provides useful and important information on phylogenetic relationships of Plantago species, and thus they have systematic significance.","PeriodicalId":23369,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43026464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Drought stress effects on morphophysiological and quality characteristics of commercial carrot cultivars","authors":"Muhammad Daniyal Junaid, Z. N. Öztürk, A. Gökçe","doi":"10.55730/1300-008x.2750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-008x.2750","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23369,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46554010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jing Wang, Huan Gao, Dong Liu, C. Deng, Shaoyu Zhou
: Arrhenia nivea is a new bryophilous species of Arrhenia from a valley in southwestern China’a subtropical monsoon humid climate zone.The species is characterized by pure white basidiomata with an irregularly discoid to cupulate 1.5–4.5 mm diameter pileus, reduced hymenium, nonamyloid basidiospores, lack of cystidia, the presence of clamps, and no incrusted pigment of the pileipellic hyphae. Phylogenetic analysis using ITS sequence data confirmed that it arised from a pathway separate from other species of Arrhenia .
{"title":"A new species of Arrhenia (Agaricales, Hygrophoraceae) from Guizhou Province, China","authors":"Jing Wang, Huan Gao, Dong Liu, C. Deng, Shaoyu Zhou","doi":"10.55730/1300-008x.2755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-008x.2755","url":null,"abstract":": Arrhenia nivea is a new bryophilous species of Arrhenia from a valley in southwestern China’a subtropical monsoon humid climate zone.The species is characterized by pure white basidiomata with an irregularly discoid to cupulate 1.5–4.5 mm diameter pileus, reduced hymenium, nonamyloid basidiospores, lack of cystidia, the presence of clamps, and no incrusted pigment of the pileipellic hyphae. Phylogenetic analysis using ITS sequence data confirmed that it arised from a pathway separate from other species of Arrhenia .","PeriodicalId":23369,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Botany","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41687230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Solanum melongena is susceptible to diverse diseases and parasites, in particular the wilts (bacterial, Fusarium and Verticillium ), nematodes, and some insects. Solanum torvum is robust to Verticillium and some bacterial wilts and root-knot nematode. It was reported that interspecific hybrid plants originated out of the hybridization of these species were sterile. In our previous studies that have been carried out to overcome this interspecific hybridization barrier, only from Faselis F 1 that was used as the female parent, many interspecific hybrid seeds were obtained and 9.07% of the seeds grew into plants in vitro. The percentage of pollen viability and germination of tetraploid interspecific hybrid (amphidiploid) genotypes that have been produced by in vitro colchicine treatment, were 6.8 and 3.4 fold of its source diploid genotype, respectively. However, the increment was not high enough to overcome the interspecific hybridization barrier between S. torvum and S. melongena . In this study, the changes in pollen fertility of diploid interspecific hybrids and tetraploid plants, which have grafted on Pala or Faselis F 1 , were investigated. Pollen viability and germination percentage in diploid genotypes were not affected by grafting, although they increased significantly (51.54% and 119.73%, respectively) in tetraploid genotypes by grafting. It was determined that the fertile diploid rootstock used for the tetraploid genotypes that produced by chromosome doubling from cultured eggplants could increase the number of seeds per fruit. It was concluded that some fertile diploid varieties can be used as rootstocks in order to increase pollen viability, germination rate and seed yield of tetraploid genotypes with low pollen yield obtained from cultivated eggplant by chromosome doubling.
{"title":"The effect of grafting on pollen fertility and seed production of diploid interspecific hybrid and tetraploid eggplant genotypes","authors":"S. Çürük, I. Cegil","doi":"10.55730/1300-008x.2760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-008x.2760","url":null,"abstract":": Solanum melongena is susceptible to diverse diseases and parasites, in particular the wilts (bacterial, Fusarium and Verticillium ), nematodes, and some insects. Solanum torvum is robust to Verticillium and some bacterial wilts and root-knot nematode. It was reported that interspecific hybrid plants originated out of the hybridization of these species were sterile. In our previous studies that have been carried out to overcome this interspecific hybridization barrier, only from Faselis F 1 that was used as the female parent, many interspecific hybrid seeds were obtained and 9.07% of the seeds grew into plants in vitro. The percentage of pollen viability and germination of tetraploid interspecific hybrid (amphidiploid) genotypes that have been produced by in vitro colchicine treatment, were 6.8 and 3.4 fold of its source diploid genotype, respectively. However, the increment was not high enough to overcome the interspecific hybridization barrier between S. torvum and S. melongena . In this study, the changes in pollen fertility of diploid interspecific hybrids and tetraploid plants, which have grafted on Pala or Faselis F 1 , were investigated. Pollen viability and germination percentage in diploid genotypes were not affected by grafting, although they increased significantly (51.54% and 119.73%, respectively) in tetraploid genotypes by grafting. It was determined that the fertile diploid rootstock used for the tetraploid genotypes that produced by chromosome doubling from cultured eggplants could increase the number of seeds per fruit. It was concluded that some fertile diploid varieties can be used as rootstocks in order to increase pollen viability, germination rate and seed yield of tetraploid genotypes with low pollen yield obtained from cultivated eggplant by chromosome doubling.","PeriodicalId":23369,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47181128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Soil metal pollution is a concern in bauxite tailing areas. This study aimed to effectively screen plants with strong tolerance to metal contamination by analyzing the levels of metals in Barbula rigidula (Hedw.) Mild. (BR), Barbula indica (Hook.) Spreng. (BI), and Barbula vinealis Brid. (BV) and in soils. The contents of metals in mosses obtained from the bauxite tailing area followed the following order: Al > Fe > Zn > Cu. Furthermore, the levels of these metals were highest in BR, followed by BI and BV. However, concentrations of Al (12,220–87,080 mg/kg), Fe (8520–62,690 mg/kg), Cu (98.5–185.4 mg/kg), and Zn (208.2–352.6 mg/kg) in soils greatly exceeded the background values. Bioconcentration factor (BCF) analysis showed that the uptake ability of mosses was 0.44–1.51, with BR having the highest uptake ability, especially for Al and Fe. The metal contamination factor (CF) in soils was 2.04–15.12, indicating that the soil was exposed to moderate to severe contamination. Correlation analyses found that Al and Fe levels in BR and soil were significantly positively correlated ( r = 0.898). PCA also confirmed that BR is a bioindicator and phytoremediation material of polluted soil in an abandoned karst bauxite tailing.
{"title":"Bioaccumulation of four metals in the same genus mosses (Barbula Hedw.) and soil pollution assessment in an abandoned karst bauxite tailing area","authors":"Dengfu Wang, Qimei Wu, Zhao-hui Zhang","doi":"10.55730/1300-008x.2752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-008x.2752","url":null,"abstract":": Soil metal pollution is a concern in bauxite tailing areas. This study aimed to effectively screen plants with strong tolerance to metal contamination by analyzing the levels of metals in Barbula rigidula (Hedw.) Mild. (BR), Barbula indica (Hook.) Spreng. (BI), and Barbula vinealis Brid. (BV) and in soils. The contents of metals in mosses obtained from the bauxite tailing area followed the following order: Al > Fe > Zn > Cu. Furthermore, the levels of these metals were highest in BR, followed by BI and BV. However, concentrations of Al (12,220–87,080 mg/kg), Fe (8520–62,690 mg/kg), Cu (98.5–185.4 mg/kg), and Zn (208.2–352.6 mg/kg) in soils greatly exceeded the background values. Bioconcentration factor (BCF) analysis showed that the uptake ability of mosses was 0.44–1.51, with BR having the highest uptake ability, especially for Al and Fe. The metal contamination factor (CF) in soils was 2.04–15.12, indicating that the soil was exposed to moderate to severe contamination. Correlation analyses found that Al and Fe levels in BR and soil were significantly positively correlated ( r = 0.898). PCA also confirmed that BR is a bioindicator and phytoremediation material of polluted soil in an abandoned karst bauxite tailing.","PeriodicalId":23369,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48241082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ü. Akkemik, Stănilă Iamandei, Euginia Iamandei, Fikret Koçbulut, H. Güner, H. Çelik, Umut Tunç
: Two new fossil species based on the study of wood remains and leaf imprints from the middle Eocene Çekerek Formation (central-northern part of Turkey) are assigned to the palm family Arecaceae. Standard thin sections from the two samples of fossil wood were investigated and identified as Palmoxylon sabaloides Greguss 1969, with close xylotomical affinities to the modern genus Sabal Adans. The leaf imprints are weakly costapalmate and correspond to the genus Sabal as well. Based on the short petiole extension (costa), the leaves resemble the fossil-species Sabal lamanonis (Brongn.) Heer, 1855. This fossil-species was abundant in Paleogene strata of western and southwestern Europe but has only rarely been described from Cenozoic strata of the Eastern Mediterranean region. The presence of this species, in combination with previously reported pollen records of mangrove palms, indicate warm (sub)tropical conditions in the middle Eocene of north-central Turkey and may reflect the Middle Eocene Climate Optimum (MECO).
{"title":"Wood and leaf remains of palms with affinities to Sabal Adans., from the middle Eocene of Turkey","authors":"Ü. Akkemik, Stănilă Iamandei, Euginia Iamandei, Fikret Koçbulut, H. Güner, H. Çelik, Umut Tunç","doi":"10.55730/1300-008x.2743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-008x.2743","url":null,"abstract":": Two new fossil species based on the study of wood remains and leaf imprints from the middle Eocene Çekerek Formation (central-northern part of Turkey) are assigned to the palm family Arecaceae. Standard thin sections from the two samples of fossil wood were investigated and identified as Palmoxylon sabaloides Greguss 1969, with close xylotomical affinities to the modern genus Sabal Adans. The leaf imprints are weakly costapalmate and correspond to the genus Sabal as well. Based on the short petiole extension (costa), the leaves resemble the fossil-species Sabal lamanonis (Brongn.) Heer, 1855. This fossil-species was abundant in Paleogene strata of western and southwestern Europe but has only rarely been described from Cenozoic strata of the Eastern Mediterranean region. The presence of this species, in combination with previously reported pollen records of mangrove palms, indicate warm (sub)tropical conditions in the middle Eocene of north-central Turkey and may reflect the Middle Eocene Climate Optimum (MECO).","PeriodicalId":23369,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47779954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Understanding of CO 2 delivery and consumption dynamics in algal photobioreactors are critical to unravel microalgae’s full potential for bioproduct generation and carbon capture from flue gas streams. This study aims to expand our current understanding by cultivating the diatom Cyclotella under controlled process conditions of a bubble column photobioreactor and analyzing CO 2 consumption dynamics in real time using results from an online CO 2 sensor connected to the reactor exhaust. Two sets of experiments were conducted: they served to contrast the influence of silicon and nitrate (Si&N colimitation) and Si limitation, and the light availability, respectively. CO 2 consumption was calculated based on the mass balance around the reactor inlet and outlet gas streams. Biomass samples and lipid extracts were analyzed for carbon (C) content to determine biomass-C and lipid-C concentrations. The outlet CO 2 concentrations varied significantly with cultivation time and process conditions. More than 15% to 65% of the CO 2 introduced left the reactor in the exhaust at any instance based on the set CO 2 transfer rates. The highest average daily capturing efficiency was 60%. Nutrient limitation regimes imposed generated unique CO 2 consumption profiles undiscernible by the biomass-C analysis, i.e. unlike Si limitation, N limitation had more immediate detrimental effects on C consumption. Final biomass-C concentration increased with increasing N and light availability, 275 mg/L vs. 336 mg/L, and 270 mg/L vs. 501 mg/L, respectively. Biomass-C based capturing efficiency approximations resulted in 20% to 40% underestimation. Under Si-limited conditions, the higher light intensity increased the final lipid-C to biomass-C ratio by two times (from 20% to 40%) and the final lipid-C concentration and peak productivity by four times (from 56 mg/L to 216 mg/L, from 7 to 30 mg/L-day, respectively). This study demonstrates online exhaust CO 2 concentration-based analysis’s unique capabilities for assessing carbon availability and capture, organic-C production, and its diversion to biomass and lipid production
{"title":"Dynamics of CO2 consumption, and biomass and lipid carbon production during photobioreactor cultivation of the diatom Cyclotella","authors":"Altan Özkan","doi":"10.55730/1300-008x.2751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-008x.2751","url":null,"abstract":": Understanding of CO 2 delivery and consumption dynamics in algal photobioreactors are critical to unravel microalgae’s full potential for bioproduct generation and carbon capture from flue gas streams. This study aims to expand our current understanding by cultivating the diatom Cyclotella under controlled process conditions of a bubble column photobioreactor and analyzing CO 2 consumption dynamics in real time using results from an online CO 2 sensor connected to the reactor exhaust. Two sets of experiments were conducted: they served to contrast the influence of silicon and nitrate (Si&N colimitation) and Si limitation, and the light availability, respectively. CO 2 consumption was calculated based on the mass balance around the reactor inlet and outlet gas streams. Biomass samples and lipid extracts were analyzed for carbon (C) content to determine biomass-C and lipid-C concentrations. The outlet CO 2 concentrations varied significantly with cultivation time and process conditions. More than 15% to 65% of the CO 2 introduced left the reactor in the exhaust at any instance based on the set CO 2 transfer rates. The highest average daily capturing efficiency was 60%. Nutrient limitation regimes imposed generated unique CO 2 consumption profiles undiscernible by the biomass-C analysis, i.e. unlike Si limitation, N limitation had more immediate detrimental effects on C consumption. Final biomass-C concentration increased with increasing N and light availability, 275 mg/L vs. 336 mg/L, and 270 mg/L vs. 501 mg/L, respectively. Biomass-C based capturing efficiency approximations resulted in 20% to 40% underestimation. Under Si-limited conditions, the higher light intensity increased the final lipid-C to biomass-C ratio by two times (from 20% to 40%) and the final lipid-C concentration and peak productivity by four times (from 56 mg/L to 216 mg/L, from 7 to 30 mg/L-day, respectively). This study demonstrates online exhaust CO 2 concentration-based analysis’s unique capabilities for assessing carbon availability and capture, organic-C production, and its diversion to biomass and lipid production","PeriodicalId":23369,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43976720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: A new species, Satureja hasturkii , is described using morphological characters and molecular studies in this study. The new species is closely related to S. hortensis but differs from it by very lax thyrsoid inflorescence, longer pedicels, shorter calyx, upper and lower calyx teeth, and corolla. In order to support the morphological data, molecular studies are also done using nrITS and cp trn L-F gene regions. nrITS data gives better results in phylogenetic analysis. It is pointed out that the closest relatives of S. hasturkii are S. hortensis and S. laxiflora . The fact that having annual life forms of these three species also explain their molecular closeness. With this new species, the number of Satureja species in Turkey increased to 17. Moreover, lectotypes were determined for Satureja macrantha and S. wiedemanniana here.
{"title":"A new annual Satureja (Lamiaceae) species from Turkey with molecular evidence, and lectotypification of two species","authors":"H. Duman, T. Dirmenci, T. Özcan","doi":"10.55730/1300-008x.2744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-008x.2744","url":null,"abstract":": A new species, Satureja hasturkii , is described using morphological characters and molecular studies in this study. The new species is closely related to S. hortensis but differs from it by very lax thyrsoid inflorescence, longer pedicels, shorter calyx, upper and lower calyx teeth, and corolla. In order to support the morphological data, molecular studies are also done using nrITS and cp trn L-F gene regions. nrITS data gives better results in phylogenetic analysis. It is pointed out that the closest relatives of S. hasturkii are S. hortensis and S. laxiflora . The fact that having annual life forms of these three species also explain their molecular closeness. With this new species, the number of Satureja species in Turkey increased to 17. Moreover, lectotypes were determined for Satureja macrantha and S. wiedemanniana here.","PeriodicalId":23369,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49558188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hatice Banu Keskinkaya, Ebru Deveci, Bahar Yilmaz Altinok, Numan Emre Gümüş, E. Aslan, Cengiz Akköz, S. Karakurt
tr Abstract: The marine macroalgae species are recognized as the food of the future with excellent bioactive properties. This study aimed to investigate phenolic compounds; cytotoxic, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities; total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) contents of the methanol, ethanol, and water extracts of Padina pavonica (PP) and Zanardinia typus (ZT) . To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in which ZT was evaluated in terms of phenolic content, antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activities. The HPLC analysis allowed the identification of five phenolic compounds containing rutin (0.31 ± 0.04 – 3.00 ± 0.21 ppm) in all extracts and trans - p -coumaric acid (0.15 ± 0.02 – 3.95 ± 0.02 ppm) in MPP, EPP, MZT, EZT, WZT as the major compounds. TPC and TFC of the extracts were calculated as 11.78 ± 0.75 – 76.78 ± 0.54 µg GAEs/mg extract and 6.78 ± 0.17 – 29.50 ± 2.23 µg QEs/mg extract, respectively. The highest cytotoxicity was observed in EZT (CC 50 : 132.3 ± 22.4 µg/mL) against MCF-7 and MZT (CC 50 : 91.4 ± 20.9 µg/mL) against MIA PaCa-2. Among the studied extracts, EPP showed the best antibacterial activity against all test pathogens. Also, EPP indicated superior antibacterial activity against Plesiomonas shigelloides (MIC: 1.25 mg/mL) and Staphylococcus aureus (MIC: 1.25 mg/mL). EZT displayed the highest antioxidant activity in DPPH • (IC 50 : 49.03 ± 0.28 µg/mL), CUPRAC (A 0.50 : 15.20 ± 0.14 µg/mL), and ABTS •+ (IC 50 : 18.86 ± 0.74 µg/mL) assays. The results approved that P. pavonica and Z. typus marine macroalgae species could be valued as natural sources of bioactive agents for food and pharmacology applications.
{"title":"HPLC-UV analysis of phenolic compounds and biological activities of Padina pavonica and Zanardinia typus marine macroalgae species","authors":"Hatice Banu Keskinkaya, Ebru Deveci, Bahar Yilmaz Altinok, Numan Emre Gümüş, E. Aslan, Cengiz Akköz, S. Karakurt","doi":"10.55730/1300-008x.2761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-008x.2761","url":null,"abstract":"tr Abstract: The marine macroalgae species are recognized as the food of the future with excellent bioactive properties. This study aimed to investigate phenolic compounds; cytotoxic, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities; total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) contents of the methanol, ethanol, and water extracts of Padina pavonica (PP) and Zanardinia typus (ZT) . To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in which ZT was evaluated in terms of phenolic content, antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activities. The HPLC analysis allowed the identification of five phenolic compounds containing rutin (0.31 ± 0.04 – 3.00 ± 0.21 ppm) in all extracts and trans - p -coumaric acid (0.15 ± 0.02 – 3.95 ± 0.02 ppm) in MPP, EPP, MZT, EZT, WZT as the major compounds. TPC and TFC of the extracts were calculated as 11.78 ± 0.75 – 76.78 ± 0.54 µg GAEs/mg extract and 6.78 ± 0.17 – 29.50 ± 2.23 µg QEs/mg extract, respectively. The highest cytotoxicity was observed in EZT (CC 50 : 132.3 ± 22.4 µg/mL) against MCF-7 and MZT (CC 50 : 91.4 ± 20.9 µg/mL) against MIA PaCa-2. Among the studied extracts, EPP showed the best antibacterial activity against all test pathogens. Also, EPP indicated superior antibacterial activity against Plesiomonas shigelloides (MIC: 1.25 mg/mL) and Staphylococcus aureus (MIC: 1.25 mg/mL). EZT displayed the highest antioxidant activity in DPPH • (IC 50 : 49.03 ± 0.28 µg/mL), CUPRAC (A 0.50 : 15.20 ± 0.14 µg/mL), and ABTS •+ (IC 50 : 18.86 ± 0.74 µg/mL) assays. The results approved that P. pavonica and Z. typus marine macroalgae species could be valued as natural sources of bioactive agents for food and pharmacology applications.","PeriodicalId":23369,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44272683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: The WRKY transcription factors (TFs) family is an important family of plant-specific TFs, playing vital roles in various abiotic and biotic stress responses. WRKY TFs are gaining considerable attention due to their significant roles in stress responses. However, their functions in sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor ) are lagging behind. In this study, a WRKY gene designated as SbWRKY45 was isolated and characterized from sorghum. SbWRKY45 , belonging to Group IIa, consists of one intron and two exons and encodes 430 amino acids. SbWRKY45 is located in chromosome 4. The cis -element prediction analysis showed that the promoter region of SbWRKY45 has several abiotic stress-associated elements. The qRT-PCR results showed that SbWRKY45 was significantly up-regulated in response to drought and cold under salt treatments, was notably changed, and was induced weakly under heat stress. SbWRKY45 exhibited a response to stress in different sorghum tissues, including leaves, stems, and roots. A tissue-specific expression pattern showed that SbWRKY45 was highly expressed in roots compared with leaves and stems, suggesting that SbWRKY45 may play an important role in roots. Overexpression of SbWRKY45 increased germination rates and promoted root growth in transgenic Arabidopsis under drought stress. Taken together, our findings indicate that SbWRKY45 may be involved in mediating the response to drought stress and play a vital role in the abiotic stress response of sorghum.
{"title":"Sorghum WRKY transcription factor SbWRKY45 enhanced seed germination under drought stress in transgenic Arabidopsis","authors":"E. Baillo, M. S. Hanif, P. Xu, Zhengbin Zhang","doi":"10.55730/1300-008x.2741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-008x.2741","url":null,"abstract":": The WRKY transcription factors (TFs) family is an important family of plant-specific TFs, playing vital roles in various abiotic and biotic stress responses. WRKY TFs are gaining considerable attention due to their significant roles in stress responses. However, their functions in sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor ) are lagging behind. In this study, a WRKY gene designated as SbWRKY45 was isolated and characterized from sorghum. SbWRKY45 , belonging to Group IIa, consists of one intron and two exons and encodes 430 amino acids. SbWRKY45 is located in chromosome 4. The cis -element prediction analysis showed that the promoter region of SbWRKY45 has several abiotic stress-associated elements. The qRT-PCR results showed that SbWRKY45 was significantly up-regulated in response to drought and cold under salt treatments, was notably changed, and was induced weakly under heat stress. SbWRKY45 exhibited a response to stress in different sorghum tissues, including leaves, stems, and roots. A tissue-specific expression pattern showed that SbWRKY45 was highly expressed in roots compared with leaves and stems, suggesting that SbWRKY45 may play an important role in roots. Overexpression of SbWRKY45 increased germination rates and promoted root growth in transgenic Arabidopsis under drought stress. Taken together, our findings indicate that SbWRKY45 may be involved in mediating the response to drought stress and play a vital role in the abiotic stress response of sorghum.","PeriodicalId":23369,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42633429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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