Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.24925/turjaf.v11i8.1324-1330.5928
Hatice Yaren Kuloğlu, Murat Boydak
The aim of this study is to histologically and histochemically determine the developmental and involutional stages of bursa of Fabricius of henna partridge (Alectoris chukar). In the study, bursa of Fabricius of 12 3-month-old (6 males, 6 females), 12 6-month-old (6 males, 6 females) henna partridges purchased from a private farm were used. It was observed that bursa of Fabricius was surrounded by a connective tissue capsule and consisted of tunica serosa, tunica muscularis, and tunica mucosa layers from the outside to the inside. It was seen that the tunica muscularis consisted of outer longitudinal and inner circular smooth muscle fibers. It was observed that the tunica mucosa made plicae towards the lumen of the organ and consisted of 10-15 plicae. It was seen that lamina epithelialis and lymph follicles were present in each plica. It was determined that the lamina epithelialis consisted of two parts called FAE (Follicle-Associated Epithelium) and IFE (İnter Follicular Epithelium). It was noted that the lymph follicles contained cortex and medulla sections and were separated locally by capillaries together with cortical medullary boundry cells. In the Methyl Green-pyronin staining method, plasma cells were found in the bursa of Fabricius of the henna partridge, in the connective tissue surrounding the organ, around the blood vessels and inside the follicles. In AB pH=2.5 staining, AB-positive reaction was seen only in the apical part of the epithelial cells forming FAE and IFE in the pre- and post-involution period. In PAS staining, PAS-positive reaction was observed only in the apical part of the epithelial cells forming FAE and IFE in the pre- and post-involution period. In PAS/AB pH=2.5 combined staining method, AB-positive reaction was observed only in the apical part of epithelial cells in the pre- and post-involution period. As a result of this study, it was found that bursa of Fabricius of the henna partridge did not undergo any histochemical changes despite its histologically large differences after involution.
{"title":"Comparison of the Development and Involution Periods of Bursa of Fabricius with Histological and Histochemical Methods","authors":"Hatice Yaren Kuloğlu, Murat Boydak","doi":"10.24925/turjaf.v11i8.1324-1330.5928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v11i8.1324-1330.5928","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to histologically and histochemically determine the developmental and involutional stages of bursa of Fabricius of henna partridge (Alectoris chukar). In the study, bursa of Fabricius of 12 3-month-old (6 males, 6 females), 12 6-month-old (6 males, 6 females) henna partridges purchased from a private farm were used. It was observed that bursa of Fabricius was surrounded by a connective tissue capsule and consisted of tunica serosa, tunica muscularis, and tunica mucosa layers from the outside to the inside. It was seen that the tunica muscularis consisted of outer longitudinal and inner circular smooth muscle fibers. It was observed that the tunica mucosa made plicae towards the lumen of the organ and consisted of 10-15 plicae. It was seen that lamina epithelialis and lymph follicles were present in each plica. It was determined that the lamina epithelialis consisted of two parts called FAE (Follicle-Associated Epithelium) and IFE (İnter Follicular Epithelium). It was noted that the lymph follicles contained cortex and medulla sections and were separated locally by capillaries together with cortical medullary boundry cells. In the Methyl Green-pyronin staining method, plasma cells were found in the bursa of Fabricius of the henna partridge, in the connective tissue surrounding the organ, around the blood vessels and inside the follicles. In AB pH=2.5 staining, AB-positive reaction was seen only in the apical part of the epithelial cells forming FAE and IFE in the pre- and post-involution period. In PAS staining, PAS-positive reaction was observed only in the apical part of the epithelial cells forming FAE and IFE in the pre- and post-involution period. In PAS/AB pH=2.5 combined staining method, AB-positive reaction was observed only in the apical part of epithelial cells in the pre- and post-involution period. As a result of this study, it was found that bursa of Fabricius of the henna partridge did not undergo any histochemical changes despite its histologically large differences after involution.","PeriodicalId":23389,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Agriculture: Food Science and Technology","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78303283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.24925/turjaf.v11i8.1394-1400.6143
L. Yeheyis, Tesfaye Feyisa, Wondmeneh Mekonnen, Matthew Nelson, David Mcnaughton, Zelalem Yadelew, Heather Sanders
In Ethiopia livestock feed shortage and soil acidity are serious problems. In recent years sweet lupins (white and blue species) were introduced as multipurpose crops in the country. However, there is no information about their nodulation potential. This study was conducted to evaluate nodulation potential of these sweet lupins and their effect on nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) content of the soil. Seven lupin varieties were evaluated using factorial arrangement (seven varieties * two inoculations) in a randomized complete block design in two locations for two years. The result showed that effect of inoculation and location was not significant (P > 0.05) on biomass, seed, nodule number and soil parameters. While the effect of variety was significant (P < 0.05) on nodule parameters. Its effect on dry biomass and seed yields was also significant in either of the years. Variety and year had no effect on soil N and P contents. In the first year, blue sweet lupin entries had the highest nodule number per plant, 222 nodules. In the second year similar nodulation performance was observed among species and varieties. Soil N and P were not affected by varieties and inoculation. In addition to their yield advantage, compared to the sweet white entries, blue sweet lupin varieties had high potential in nodulation. Therefore, these introduced sweet blue lupins can be used as multipurpose crops in acidic soils of Ethiopia.
{"title":"Nodulation Potential of Annual Sweet Lupins (Lupinus spp. L.) and its Effect on Soil Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Acidic Soils of Western Amhara, Ethiopia","authors":"L. Yeheyis, Tesfaye Feyisa, Wondmeneh Mekonnen, Matthew Nelson, David Mcnaughton, Zelalem Yadelew, Heather Sanders","doi":"10.24925/turjaf.v11i8.1394-1400.6143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v11i8.1394-1400.6143","url":null,"abstract":"In Ethiopia livestock feed shortage and soil acidity are serious problems. In recent years sweet lupins (white and blue species) were introduced as multipurpose crops in the country. However, there is no information about their nodulation potential. This study was conducted to evaluate nodulation potential of these sweet lupins and their effect on nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) content of the soil. Seven lupin varieties were evaluated using factorial arrangement (seven varieties * two inoculations) in a randomized complete block design in two locations for two years. The result showed that effect of inoculation and location was not significant (P > 0.05) on biomass, seed, nodule number and soil parameters. While the effect of variety was significant (P < 0.05) on nodule parameters. Its effect on dry biomass and seed yields was also significant in either of the years. Variety and year had no effect on soil N and P contents. In the first year, blue sweet lupin entries had the highest nodule number per plant, 222 nodules. In the second year similar nodulation performance was observed among species and varieties. Soil N and P were not affected by varieties and inoculation. In addition to their yield advantage, compared to the sweet white entries, blue sweet lupin varieties had high potential in nodulation. Therefore, these introduced sweet blue lupins can be used as multipurpose crops in acidic soils of Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":23389,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Agriculture: Food Science and Technology","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85535811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.24925/turjaf.v11i8.1415-1421.6107
Mohammad Selim Reza Selim, Sourav Adhikary, Monjurul Alam Mondal, Kawsar Alam Nadim, Babul Akter
An experiment was conducted during Kharif-1 of 2022 at Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Substation, Satkhira to know the effect of foliar application of micronutrients (zinc and boron) on the growth and yield of mungbean. There were three levels of zinc (Zn) (0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%) and boron (B) (0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%) along with a blanket dose of urea (35 kg ha-1, triple super phosphate (TSP) (80 kg ha-1), murite of potash (MoP) (40 kg ha-1) and Sulphur (60 kg ha-1). The growth and yield of mungbean was significantly affected by foliar application of different levels of Zn and B. Results revealed that foliar application of Zn at the rate of 0.6% and at the rate of B 0.6% along with recommended dose at 45 days after sowing increases the branches/plant, fresh weight (g), dry weight (g), chlorophyll content, flower/plant, pod/plant, seed/pod thereby increase seed yield. Therefore, the foliar spray of 0.6% Zn significantly increased and influenced 1000 seed weight (g), decreased days to flowering, increased number of seed/pod and yield ton/ha along with blanket dose of Urea, TSP, MoP, gypsum might be considered as suitable dose for mungbean production in southern region of Bangladesh.
在2022年第1季期间，在萨奇拉变电站孟加拉国核农业研究所(BINA)进行了一项试验，以了解叶面施用微量营养素(锌和硼)对绿豆生长和产量的影响。施锌(Zn)(0.2%、0.4%、0.6%)和硼(B)(0.2%、0.4%、0.6%)3个水平，同时施尿素(35 kg ha-1)、三超磷酸盐(TSP) (80 kg ha-1)、钾肥(MoP) (40 kg ha-1)和硫(60 kg ha-1)。结果表明，在播后45 d，分别以0.6%和0.6%的锌用量和推荐用量对绿豆的生长和产量有显著影响。结果表明，在推荐用量的基础上，叶面施锌可提高绿豆的枝/株、鲜重(g)、干重(g)、叶绿素含量、花/株、荚果/株、种子/荚果，从而提高了绿豆的种子产量。因此，0.6% Zn叶面喷施与尿素、TSP、MoP、石膏的覆盖剂量一起显著提高并影响了绿豆的千粒重(g)，缩短了开花天数，提高了种子/荚果数和产量吨/公顷，可能是孟加拉国南部地区绿豆生产的适宜剂量。
{"title":"Foliar Application of Different Levels of Zinc and Boron on the Growth and Yield of Mungbean (Vigna radiate L.)","authors":"Mohammad Selim Reza Selim, Sourav Adhikary, Monjurul Alam Mondal, Kawsar Alam Nadim, Babul Akter","doi":"10.24925/turjaf.v11i8.1415-1421.6107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v11i8.1415-1421.6107","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted during Kharif-1 of 2022 at Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Substation, Satkhira to know the effect of foliar application of micronutrients (zinc and boron) on the growth and yield of mungbean. There were three levels of zinc (Zn) (0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%) and boron (B) (0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%) along with a blanket dose of urea (35 kg ha-1, triple super phosphate (TSP) (80 kg ha-1), murite of potash (MoP) (40 kg ha-1) and Sulphur (60 kg ha-1). The growth and yield of mungbean was significantly affected by foliar application of different levels of Zn and B. Results revealed that foliar application of Zn at the rate of 0.6% and at the rate of B 0.6% along with recommended dose at 45 days after sowing increases the branches/plant, fresh weight (g), dry weight (g), chlorophyll content, flower/plant, pod/plant, seed/pod thereby increase seed yield. Therefore, the foliar spray of 0.6% Zn significantly increased and influenced 1000 seed weight (g), decreased days to flowering, increased number of seed/pod and yield ton/ha along with blanket dose of Urea, TSP, MoP, gypsum might be considered as suitable dose for mungbean production in southern region of Bangladesh.","PeriodicalId":23389,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Agriculture: Food Science and Technology","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135989461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.24925/turjaf.v11i8.1269-1275.5558
O. A. Oyedele, O. Adeoti, Funke Florence Akinola
Nigeria’s dry onion production amounted to 1.38× 106 metric tonnes (t) in 2020. Roughly 50% of yearly production do not reach the table. An option lies in converting fresh dry onions to dry onion powder to mitigate postharvest losses. This study explores the possibility of producing dry onion powder from fresh dry onions using a pre-tested locally fabricated direct-mode solar tent dryer. The outcome of processing revealed a product yield of 8.09%, while there was no statistically significant difference between the measured proximate contents of powder and fresh dry onions (t(28)=0.04, p=0.97, two-tailed; eta square=5.71 × 10-5). Overall, the production of dry onion powder was not water neutral. About 4.5 cubic metres (m3) of freshwater per tonne of cleaned onions were needed during processing. Dry onion powder production (from field to table) freshwater use amounted to 31879.6 m3/t. Converting 40 - 60% of national average dry onion production (2000-2020) to dry onion powder would consume 14.05 - 21.08 × 109 m3 of Nigeria’s freshwater. This study affirms that dry onion powder production is technically feasible and can help to minimise dry onion production postharvest losses in Nigeria.
{"title":"A Production Analysis of Dry Onion Powder from the Water Perspective","authors":"O. A. Oyedele, O. Adeoti, Funke Florence Akinola","doi":"10.24925/turjaf.v11i8.1269-1275.5558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v11i8.1269-1275.5558","url":null,"abstract":"Nigeria’s dry onion production amounted to 1.38× 106 metric tonnes (t) in 2020. Roughly 50% of yearly production do not reach the table. An option lies in converting fresh dry onions to dry onion powder to mitigate postharvest losses. This study explores the possibility of producing dry onion powder from fresh dry onions using a pre-tested locally fabricated direct-mode solar tent dryer. The outcome of processing revealed a product yield of 8.09%, while there was no statistically significant difference between the measured proximate contents of powder and fresh dry onions (t(28)=0.04, p=0.97, two-tailed; eta square=5.71 × 10-5). Overall, the production of dry onion powder was not water neutral. About 4.5 cubic metres (m3) of freshwater per tonne of cleaned onions were needed during processing. Dry onion powder production (from field to table) freshwater use amounted to 31879.6 m3/t. Converting 40 - 60% of national average dry onion production (2000-2020) to dry onion powder would consume 14.05 - 21.08 × 109 m3 of Nigeria’s freshwater. This study affirms that dry onion powder production is technically feasible and can help to minimise dry onion production postharvest losses in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":23389,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Agriculture: Food Science and Technology","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82775294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.24925/turjaf.v11i8.1265-1268.5516
Ankita Poudel
The study about the economic returns of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) by the use of rhizobium seed inoculation and different phosphorus doses was conducted at Bharatpur, Chitwan, from February to May 2022. The experiment was conducted in a two-factor randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications and eight treatments. Treatments were set as factor A: seed inoculation i.e., un-inoculated and inoculated; and factor B: four different phosphorus doses (20, 40, 60, 80 kg ha-1). The cowpea variety ‘Prakash’ was used. Results revealed that the application of seed inoculation provides the highest returns compared to an un-inoculated one; similarly, in case of phosphorus dose of 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 gives the maximum economic returns compared to other phosphorus doses. Furthermore, the interaction of rhizobium inoculation with 40 kg ha-1 gives the highest gross income (NRs. 216005), net return (NRs. 110829.39) and B: C (2.05) compared to all other single inoculation or phosphorus or interaction treatments ( 1 $ = NRs. 132.53) . From the result, it is concluded that the use of rhizobium inoculation along with 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 would be economically profitable for the farmers under the Terai conditions of Nepal.
于2022年2 - 5月在印度Chitwan Bharatpur进行了豇豆(Vigna unguiculata)接种根瘤菌和不同磷剂量的经济效益研究。试验采用双因素随机完全区组设计(RCBD)， 3个重复，8个处理。处理设因子A:种子接种即未接种和接种;因子B:四种不同的磷剂量(20、40、60、80公斤/公顷)。使用的是豇豆品种“普拉卡什”。结果表明，与未接种相比，种子接种的收益最高;同样，在磷剂量为40 kg P2O5 ha-1的情况下，与其他磷剂量相比，经济效益最大。此外，接种根瘤菌与40 kg ha -1的交互作用可获得最高的毛收入。216005)，净收益(NRs)。与所有其他单次接种或磷或互作处理相比(1 $ = NRs)和B: C(2.05)。132.53)。结果表明，在尼泊尔Terai条件下，接种根瘤菌并施用40 kg P2O5 ha -1对农民具有经济效益。
{"title":"Economic Analysis of Seed Inoculation and Phosphorus Doses Application in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)","authors":"Ankita Poudel","doi":"10.24925/turjaf.v11i8.1265-1268.5516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v11i8.1265-1268.5516","url":null,"abstract":"The study about the economic returns of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) by the use of rhizobium seed inoculation and different phosphorus doses was conducted at Bharatpur, Chitwan, from February to May 2022. The experiment was conducted in a two-factor randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications and eight treatments. Treatments were set as factor A: seed inoculation i.e., un-inoculated and inoculated; and factor B: four different phosphorus doses (20, 40, 60, 80 kg ha-1). The cowpea variety ‘Prakash’ was used. Results revealed that the application of seed inoculation provides the highest returns compared to an un-inoculated one; similarly, in case of phosphorus dose of 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 gives the maximum economic returns compared to other phosphorus doses. Furthermore, the interaction of rhizobium inoculation with 40 kg ha-1 gives the highest gross income (NRs. 216005), net return (NRs. 110829.39) and B: C (2.05) compared to all other single inoculation or phosphorus or interaction treatments ( 1 $ = NRs. 132.53) . From the result, it is concluded that the use of rhizobium inoculation along with 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 would be economically profitable for the farmers under the Terai conditions of Nepal.","PeriodicalId":23389,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Agriculture: Food Science and Technology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91232872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.24925/turjaf.v11i8.1409-1414.5687
Elif Sena Kırmızıkaya, İnci Doğan
Drying is the simultaneous transfer of heat and mass, which is defined as the reduction of moisture in food. The aim of the study the drying performances of refractance window drying (95°C), fluidized bed drying (95°C, 2m3/m air velocity), and convective drying (95°C) were examined in the drying of Maraş green pepper (C.annuum). Drying performance was evaluated for effective diffusion coefficient (Deff), activation energy (Ea), Chroma (C) and total color change (ΔE). Drying curves were obtained by recording sample weights in 10-min periods. For the refractance window drying, fluidized bed drying and convective drying the time for the samples to reach 6-7% humidity level according to the wet base was found to be 70, 80 and 110min, and the effective diffusion coefficient was 6.49x10-10, 5.68x10-10 and 4.87x10-10 m2/s the activation energy was 53.54, 54.65 and 55.93kJ/mol, respectively. When the color properties are examined the Chroma value was determined as 18.23, 8.85 and 4.80 and the total color as 15.42, 26.29 and 30.33, respectively. It was seen that the closest value to the fresh product was in the samples dried with a refractance window drying. In the study, it was concluded that the use of a refractance window drying shortened the drying time by 14-36%, increased the effective diffusion coefficient, provided drying with lower activation energy, and better preserved the color quality in the production of dried Maraş green pepper.
{"title":"Effect of Different Drying Systems on Drying Performance of Maraş Green Pepper (C.annum)","authors":"Elif Sena Kırmızıkaya, İnci Doğan","doi":"10.24925/turjaf.v11i8.1409-1414.5687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v11i8.1409-1414.5687","url":null,"abstract":"Drying is the simultaneous transfer of heat and mass, which is defined as the reduction of moisture in food. The aim of the study the drying performances of refractance window drying (95°C), fluidized bed drying (95°C, 2m3/m air velocity), and convective drying (95°C) were examined in the drying of Maraş green pepper (C.annuum). Drying performance was evaluated for effective diffusion coefficient (Deff), activation energy (Ea), Chroma (C) and total color change (ΔE). Drying curves were obtained by recording sample weights in 10-min periods. For the refractance window drying, fluidized bed drying and convective drying the time for the samples to reach 6-7% humidity level according to the wet base was found to be 70, 80 and 110min, and the effective diffusion coefficient was 6.49x10-10, 5.68x10-10 and 4.87x10-10 m2/s the activation energy was 53.54, 54.65 and 55.93kJ/mol, respectively. When the color properties are examined the Chroma value was determined as 18.23, 8.85 and 4.80 and the total color as 15.42, 26.29 and 30.33, respectively. It was seen that the closest value to the fresh product was in the samples dried with a refractance window drying. In the study, it was concluded that the use of a refractance window drying shortened the drying time by 14-36%, increased the effective diffusion coefficient, provided drying with lower activation energy, and better preserved the color quality in the production of dried Maraş green pepper.","PeriodicalId":23389,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Agriculture: Food Science and Technology","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88505337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.24925/turjaf.v11i8.1298-1303.5814
Oluwatobi Okunola, O. Olukunle, Oluwafemi Adeyemi Adetola, Waleola Akinfiresoye
Based on high dependent of many processing company on palm kernel oil, high quality palm nut cracking machine is not only necessary but also important to revitalize the production of palm kernel in other to meup with ever increasing industrial demand. Different palm kernel beaters; Swing beater (SB) and the conventional type known as rigid beater (RB) of an existing palm kernel cracker were investigated using the moisture content (7, 17, 26% (db)), five different speeds (970, 1200, 1450,1750, 2430rpm) and three different average nut sizes (14.5, 22.15, 29.43mm) of palm kernel nut. Approximately, six thousand palm nuts of Tenera specie were collected, dried, cleaned and sorted to evaluate the machine. Result shows that, the maximum quality efficiency recorded for Swing beater was 89.5% at 17% moisture content (db), 29.4 mm average nut size and 970 rpm machine speed. Similarly, for the performance of rigid beater, the maximum quality efficiency of 71.5% was recorded at 26% moisture content (db), 29.4 mm average nut size and 970 rpm machine speed. The effect of nut size was however not significant on the quality efficiency however it was generally observed that quality efficiency increased with increase in the nuts size. The machine speed has a significant effect on the quality efficiency. Generally, the quality of the kernel recovered decreased as the machine speed decreased. Beater configuration has significant effect on the quality efficiency of the palm nut cracking machine at 5% significant level. Swing beater can be used instead of conventional beater (rigid beater) to crack palm nut for higher quality of whole kernel recovery.
{"title":"The Comparative Analysis of a Developed Swing Beater and Conventional Beater of a Palm Nut Cracking Machine","authors":"Oluwatobi Okunola, O. Olukunle, Oluwafemi Adeyemi Adetola, Waleola Akinfiresoye","doi":"10.24925/turjaf.v11i8.1298-1303.5814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v11i8.1298-1303.5814","url":null,"abstract":"Based on high dependent of many processing company on palm kernel oil, high quality palm nut cracking machine is not only necessary but also important to revitalize the production of palm kernel in other to meup with ever increasing industrial demand. Different palm kernel beaters; Swing beater (SB) and the conventional type known as rigid beater (RB) of an existing palm kernel cracker were investigated using the moisture content (7, 17, 26% (db)), five different speeds (970, 1200, 1450,1750, 2430rpm) and three different average nut sizes (14.5, 22.15, 29.43mm) of palm kernel nut. Approximately, six thousand palm nuts of Tenera specie were collected, dried, cleaned and sorted to evaluate the machine. Result shows that, the maximum quality efficiency recorded for Swing beater was 89.5% at 17% moisture content (db), 29.4 mm average nut size and 970 rpm machine speed. Similarly, for the performance of rigid beater, the maximum quality efficiency of 71.5% was recorded at 26% moisture content (db), 29.4 mm average nut size and 970 rpm machine speed. The effect of nut size was however not significant on the quality efficiency however it was generally observed that quality efficiency increased with increase in the nuts size. The machine speed has a significant effect on the quality efficiency. Generally, the quality of the kernel recovered decreased as the machine speed decreased. Beater configuration has significant effect on the quality efficiency of the palm nut cracking machine at 5% significant level. Swing beater can be used instead of conventional beater (rigid beater) to crack palm nut for higher quality of whole kernel recovery.","PeriodicalId":23389,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Agriculture: Food Science and Technology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73654070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.24925/turjaf.v11i8.1310-1316.5902
Fatih Kural, A. Coşkan
In the study, the impact of employing vermicompost to boost oil rose (Rosa damascena Mill.), a native of Isparta province, to improve yield and nutrient content, was explored. Four different doses (V0: 0 kg ha-1, V1: 1000 kg ha-1, V2: 2000 kg ha-1, and V3: 3000 kg ha-1) of vermicompost were tested in the field conditions at 3 replicates. Vermicompost was applied to the canopy projection area and incorporated into the soil. Flower harvest was started on April 30, 2018, and throughout 20 days, the blooming flowers were collected and weighed daily basis. Following the harvest, leaf samples were collected from the plants, and the concentrations of certain macro and micronutrients were assessed.The study's findings demonstrated that applying vermicompost boosted the yield of oily rose blooms. The greatest yield value was determined to be 5850 kg ha-1 at a vermicompost dose of 2000 kg ha-1, which was 660 kg ha-1 greater than the control application. It was observed that vermicompost treatments had no significant influence on plant nutrient concentrations. This condition is assumed to be related to the removal of minerals from the plant during harvest. The findings indicate that the usage of vermicompost can contribute in the production of oil roses, and a dose of 2000 kg ha-1 can be suggested. This research establishes the feasibility of employing vermicompost in oil rose cultivation and sets the framework for future research.
本研究探讨了蚯蚓堆肥对伊斯帕塔省原生油玫瑰(Rosa damascena Mill.)增产和养分含量提高的影响。在3个重复的田间条件下试验了4种不同剂量(V0: 0 kg ha-1、V1: 1000 kg ha-1、V2: 2000 kg ha-1和V3: 3000 kg ha-1)的蚯蚓堆肥。蚯蚓堆肥施用于冠层投影区，并混入土壤中。2018年4月30日开始采花，在20天的时间里，每天收集盛开的花朵并称重。收获后，从植物中收集叶片样本，并评估某些宏量和微量营养素的浓度。研究结果表明，施用蚯蚓堆肥可以提高含油玫瑰的产量。蚯蚓堆肥用量为2000 kg ha-1时，产量最高可达5850 kg ha-1，比对照增加660 kg ha-1。蚯蚓堆肥处理对植株养分浓度无显著影响。这种情况被认为与收获期间从植物中除去矿物质有关。综上所述，蚯蚓堆肥对油玫瑰的产量有一定的促进作用，推荐用量为2000 kg ha-1。本研究确定了蚯蚓堆肥在油玫瑰栽培中的可行性，并为今后的研究奠定了基础。
{"title":"The Effect of Vermicompost Application on Yield and Nutrient Concentration of Oily Rose","authors":"Fatih Kural, A. Coşkan","doi":"10.24925/turjaf.v11i8.1310-1316.5902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v11i8.1310-1316.5902","url":null,"abstract":"In the study, the impact of employing vermicompost to boost oil rose (Rosa damascena Mill.), a native of Isparta province, to improve yield and nutrient content, was explored. Four different doses (V0: 0 kg ha-1, V1: 1000 kg ha-1, V2: 2000 kg ha-1, and V3: 3000 kg ha-1) of vermicompost were tested in the field conditions at 3 replicates. Vermicompost was applied to the canopy projection area and incorporated into the soil. Flower harvest was started on April 30, 2018, and throughout 20 days, the blooming flowers were collected and weighed daily basis. Following the harvest, leaf samples were collected from the plants, and the concentrations of certain macro and micronutrients were assessed.The study's findings demonstrated that applying vermicompost boosted the yield of oily rose blooms. The greatest yield value was determined to be 5850 kg ha-1 at a vermicompost dose of 2000 kg ha-1, which was 660 kg ha-1 greater than the control application. It was observed that vermicompost treatments had no significant influence on plant nutrient concentrations. This condition is assumed to be related to the removal of minerals from the plant during harvest. The findings indicate that the usage of vermicompost can contribute in the production of oil roses, and a dose of 2000 kg ha-1 can be suggested. This research establishes the feasibility of employing vermicompost in oil rose cultivation and sets the framework for future research.","PeriodicalId":23389,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Agriculture: Food Science and Technology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82449481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.24925/turjaf.v11i8.1365-1371.6192
Özlem Ete Aydemir, Mehmet Akgün, H. Erdem, K. Korkmaz, F. Özkutlu
Cadmium (Cd) accumulation in durum wheat (Triticum durum L.) and its human transport with food chain is a major environmental issue worldwide. The research was based on a pot experiment conducted on fifteen durum wheat cultivars, grown on acid soil pH 5.2. The effect of application of two different lime form (lime1=CaO; Calcium oxide and lime2=CaCO3; limestone) and on shoot dry weight and shoot concentrations of cadmium (Cd). Durum wheat cultivars were grown in strongly acid soil pH 5.2 treated with control (lime0), lime1 (CaO3 g kg-1 soil), lime2 (5.36 g CaCO3) and Cd (5 and 10 mg kg-1 soil) and harvested after 62 days of growth under greenhouse conditions. Durum wheat cultivars without lime fertilization caused decrease in shoot growth, in all durum wheat cultivars and at high Cd treatment. On the other hand, application of lime to the soil resulted in an increase in dry matter yield at both Cd5 and Cd10 doses. While average shoot dry matter yield of lime0 conditions of cadmium 10 dose was 47 mg plant-1, this yield increased to 120 mg plant-1 in lime1 application and to 111 mg plant-1 in lime2 application. Shoot Cd concentrations of durum wheat varieties caused a statistically significant decrease with lime1 and lime2 applications, whereas lime0 and lime2 applications of Cd5 dose caused 46% and 30% decrease in average Cd concentrations, respectively. The results indicated that all durum wheat cultivars were more susceptible to both without lime and Cd toxicity as compared to lime treatment. Cadmium toxicity in the shoot was relieved by lime1 and lime2 treatment. The results indicate that lime protects plants from Cd toxicity in durum wheat cultivars.
镉在硬粒小麦(Triticum durum L.)中的积累及其在人类食物链中的传播是一个世界性的重大环境问题。本研究以15个硬粒小麦品种为研究对象，在pH为5.2的酸性土壤上进行盆栽试验。两种不同石灰形态(lime1=CaO;氧化钙和石灰=CaCO3;灰岩)、茎干重和茎部镉(Cd)浓度。硬粒小麦品种在pH为5.2的强酸性土壤中生长，分别用对照(石灰0)、石灰1 (CaO3 g kg-1土壤)、石灰2 (5.36 g CaCO3)和Cd(5和10 mg kg-1土壤)处理，在温室条件下生长62天后收获。不施石灰处理的硬粒小麦品种，在所有硬粒小麦品种和高镉处理下，茎部生长均下降。另一方面，石灰在土壤中施用导致Cd5和Cd10剂量的干物质产量增加。在施用镉10的条件下，石灰0的平均茎干物质产量为47 mg - plant-1，而施用石灰1和石灰2的平均茎干物质产量分别增加到120 mg和111 mg - plant-1。石灰1和石灰2对硬粒小麦地上部Cd浓度有显著降低，而石灰0和石灰2对Cd5剂量的平均Cd浓度分别降低46%和30%。结果表明，与石灰处理相比，所有硬粒小麦品种对无石灰处理和镉中毒均更敏感。石灰1和石灰2处理能明显减轻茎部的镉毒性。结果表明，石灰对硬粒小麦具有保护作用。
{"title":"The Effect of Different Lime Forms on Cadmium Uptake of Durum Wheat Varieties","authors":"Özlem Ete Aydemir, Mehmet Akgün, H. Erdem, K. Korkmaz, F. Özkutlu","doi":"10.24925/turjaf.v11i8.1365-1371.6192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v11i8.1365-1371.6192","url":null,"abstract":"Cadmium (Cd) accumulation in durum wheat (Triticum durum L.) and its human transport with food chain is a major environmental issue worldwide. The research was based on a pot experiment conducted on fifteen durum wheat cultivars, grown on acid soil pH 5.2. The effect of application of two different lime form (lime1=CaO; Calcium oxide and lime2=CaCO3; limestone) and on shoot dry weight and shoot concentrations of cadmium (Cd). Durum wheat cultivars were grown in strongly acid soil pH 5.2 treated with control (lime0), lime1 (CaO3 g kg-1 soil), lime2 (5.36 g CaCO3) and Cd (5 and 10 mg kg-1 soil) and harvested after 62 days of growth under greenhouse conditions. Durum wheat cultivars without lime fertilization caused decrease in shoot growth, in all durum wheat cultivars and at high Cd treatment. On the other hand, application of lime to the soil resulted in an increase in dry matter yield at both Cd5 and Cd10 doses. While average shoot dry matter yield of lime0 conditions of cadmium 10 dose was 47 mg plant-1, this yield increased to 120 mg plant-1 in lime1 application and to 111 mg plant-1 in lime2 application. Shoot Cd concentrations of durum wheat varieties caused a statistically significant decrease with lime1 and lime2 applications, whereas lime0 and lime2 applications of Cd5 dose caused 46% and 30% decrease in average Cd concentrations, respectively. The results indicated that all durum wheat cultivars were more susceptible to both without lime and Cd toxicity as compared to lime treatment. Cadmium toxicity in the shoot was relieved by lime1 and lime2 treatment. The results indicate that lime protects plants from Cd toxicity in durum wheat cultivars.","PeriodicalId":23389,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Agriculture: Food Science and Technology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82078717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.24925/turjaf.v11i8.1360-1364.6079
Pınar Mursalıoğlu Kaynar, Elçin Günaydın
Foods for special medical purposes are specially produced or formulated with the intention of regulating children's diets for specific nutrition applications, and used under medical surveillance. These food should not offer a microbiological risk to human health as well as their compositions. The purpose of this study was the microbiological evaluation of foods for special medical purposes used in children’s diet. For this evaluation, eleven imported foods for special medical purposes that were sold in Ankara-Turkey were analyzed in terms of Salmonella spp., coagulase positive staphylococci, staphylococcal enterotoxin, Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli O157, Enterobacteriaceae, Listeria monocytogenes, and Bacillus cereus. The bacterial examinations were done according to each related EN ISO standart methods. In result of the examination, the microbial growth was not observed on the food samples. In conclusion, the samples investigated have no microbiological risk. Also, consumers should examine their expiration dates during purchase because the expiration dates declared on the foods have showed their microbiological stability.
{"title":"Microbiological Evaluation of Foods for Special Medical Purposes of Children","authors":"Pınar Mursalıoğlu Kaynar, Elçin Günaydın","doi":"10.24925/turjaf.v11i8.1360-1364.6079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v11i8.1360-1364.6079","url":null,"abstract":"Foods for special medical purposes are specially produced or formulated with the intention of regulating children's diets for specific nutrition applications, and used under medical surveillance. These food should not offer a microbiological risk to human health as well as their compositions. The purpose of this study was the microbiological evaluation of foods for special medical purposes used in children’s diet. For this evaluation, eleven imported foods for special medical purposes that were sold in Ankara-Turkey were analyzed in terms of Salmonella spp., coagulase positive staphylococci, staphylococcal enterotoxin, Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli O157, Enterobacteriaceae, Listeria monocytogenes, and Bacillus cereus. The bacterial examinations were done according to each related EN ISO standart methods. In result of the examination, the microbial growth was not observed on the food samples. In conclusion, the samples investigated have no microbiological risk. Also, consumers should examine their expiration dates during purchase because the expiration dates declared on the foods have showed their microbiological stability.","PeriodicalId":23389,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Agriculture: Food Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88661048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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