Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.36108/ujees/9102.10.0110
M. Okelola, O. Olabode, T. Ajewole
The ever increasing sensitization on the need for clean energies that are not only environmental friendly but also have comparative cost advantages encourages the use of distributed generation. Using distributed generation at the load ends or close to the load centers has not only reduced carbon emission, but also improves power system performances. Presented in this paper is the adoption of Teaching-Learning Based Optimization technique for determining the most suitable site and size of distributed generation for real power loss reduction on Nigerian power system. Backward/Forward Sweep technique was employed for the power flow analysis, while the suitable locations of the distributed generations were pre-selected using Voltage Stability Index and Teaching-Learning Based Optimization technique was employed to establish the optimal location and the optimum size of the required distributed generation. This approach was demonstrated on the IEEE 34-bus test system, with the placement of 1 kW DG at bus 11 of the system. The aggregate real power loss diminished from 571 kW to 208.5954 kW (63.5726% reduction), while Voltage Stability Index and voltage profile of the system also improved remarkably. Also, by placing distributed generation on typical Nigerian 11 kV feeder, the real power loss reduced from 1.1 kW to 0.75 kW while the magnitude of bus voltage increased from 0.8295 to 0.8456 p.u. Based on the results of this analysis, Teaching-Learning Based Optimization has demonstrated excellent performance on the two test cases and therefore would be a tool to adopt on the Nigerian radial distribution system.
{"title":"Teaching-Learning Based Optimization Approach for Determining Size and Location of Distributed Generation for Real Power Loss Reduction on Nigerian Grid","authors":"M. Okelola, O. Olabode, T. Ajewole","doi":"10.36108/ujees/9102.10.0110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/ujees/9102.10.0110","url":null,"abstract":"The ever increasing sensitization on the need for clean energies that are not only environmental friendly but also have comparative cost advantages encourages the use of distributed generation. Using distributed generation at the load ends or close to the load centers has not only reduced carbon emission, but also improves power system performances. Presented in this paper is the adoption of Teaching-Learning Based Optimization technique for determining the most suitable site and size of distributed generation for real power loss reduction on Nigerian power system. Backward/Forward Sweep technique was employed for the power flow analysis, while the suitable locations of the distributed generations were pre-selected using Voltage Stability Index and Teaching-Learning Based Optimization technique was employed to establish the optimal location and the optimum size of the required distributed generation. This approach was demonstrated on the IEEE 34-bus test system, with the placement of 1 kW DG at bus 11 of the system. The aggregate real power loss diminished from 571 kW to 208.5954 kW (63.5726% reduction), while Voltage Stability Index and voltage profile of the system also improved remarkably. Also, by placing distributed generation on typical Nigerian 11 kV feeder, the real power loss reduced from 1.1 kW to 0.75 kW while the magnitude of bus voltage increased from 0.8295 to 0.8456 p.u. Based on the results of this analysis, Teaching-Learning Based Optimization has demonstrated excellent performance on the two test cases and therefore would be a tool to adopt on the Nigerian radial distribution system.","PeriodicalId":23413,"journal":{"name":"UNIOSUN Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81687618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.36108/ujees/9102.10.0240
D. S. Kadiri, A. Akintoye, B. Onabanjo
Delay in the execution of construction projects is a major problem confronting the Nigerian construction industry. If unchecked, it will constitute a setback to the realisation of the infrastructure development component of the sustainable development agenda of the United Nations. This paper compared the causes of delay in public and private building projects in Lagos State, Nigeria with a view to enhancing project time performance. The study was conducted using a random sample of 87 Architectural firms and 88 contracting firms out of a population of 289 and 293, respectively in the study area. These represent 30% of the population of Architectural and contracting firms, in the study area. Data were retrieved from 47 Architectural and 48 contracting firms and analysed using mean score and student t-test. Results from the study indicated that delay in public building projects was mostly due to contractor’s financial difficulties with mean score (MS) of 2.84, rise in materials prices (MS = 2.80) and variations (MS = 2.72). On the other hand, client’s interference (MS = 2.92), rise in materials prices (MS = 2.83) and slow decision by clients (MS = 2.74) were the major causes of delay in private projects. T-test also revealed that the respondents were significantly different in opinion on 12 out of the 30 causes of delay in both project types in the study area.
{"title":"A Comparative Assessment of Causes of Delay in Public and Private Building Projects in Lagos State, Nigeria","authors":"D. S. Kadiri, A. Akintoye, B. Onabanjo","doi":"10.36108/ujees/9102.10.0240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/ujees/9102.10.0240","url":null,"abstract":"Delay in the execution of construction projects is a major problem confronting the Nigerian construction industry. If unchecked, it will constitute a setback to the realisation of the infrastructure development component of the sustainable development agenda of the United Nations. This paper compared the causes of delay in public and private building projects in Lagos State, Nigeria with a view to enhancing project time performance. The study was conducted using a random sample of 87 Architectural firms and 88 contracting firms out of a population of 289 and 293, respectively in the study area. These represent 30% of the population of Architectural and contracting firms, in the study area. Data were retrieved from 47 Architectural and 48 contracting firms and analysed using mean score and student t-test. Results from the study indicated that delay in public building projects was mostly due to contractor’s financial difficulties with mean score (MS) of 2.84, rise in materials prices (MS = 2.80) and variations (MS = 2.72). On the other hand, client’s interference (MS = 2.92), rise in materials prices (MS = 2.83) and slow decision by clients (MS = 2.74) were the major causes of delay in private projects. T-test also revealed that the respondents were significantly different in opinion on 12 out of the 30 causes of delay in both project types in the study area.","PeriodicalId":23413,"journal":{"name":"UNIOSUN Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85471829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.36108/ujees/9102.10.0101
R. Ibrahim
The study examined effects of abandoned buildings on the environment in five selected political wards in Osogbo, Osun State Nigeria. The study identified the types and causes of abandoned buildings in the study area. It assessed the incidence (nature) of abandoned buildings; conditions of environment in the abandoned buildings; and analyses spatial variations in the incidence of abandoned buildings in the study area. Data were obtained through physical enumeration of abandoned building. Also total of 202 structured questionnaires were randomly administered to residents in the study area. Descriptive statistics (mean) and inferential statistics (ANOVA) were used to analyse the data obtained. Findings reveals that death of owner (mean weighed value = 4.316), improper management (mean weighed value = 4.125), lack of fund (mean weighed value = 4.070), and dispute (mean weighed value = 3.935) are the major causes of abandonment of buildings across the study area. Most of the incidence of abandoned buildings is residential with an average of 3 buildings in each area. This implies that an average of 3 residential buildings were abandoned in each area across the study area. Also the physical enumeration shows that 173, 113 and 111 are the total numbers of bungalow, storey building and Brazilian buildings abandoned respectively across the study area. Obscenity (mean weighed value = 4.094), crime (mean weighed value = 4.030), and pollution (mean weighed value = 3.949) are the major environmental effects of abandoned buildings across the study area. Results from Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) indicated that there is significant spatial variations in the incidence of abandoned buildings. The study concluded by recommending among others, that buildings prone to abandonment as a result of death of owner should be quickly assigned to the heirs. In the absence of heirs, the buildings should be in care of community leaders who will protect it from environmental consequences.
{"title":"Effects of Abandoned Buildings on the Environment in Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria","authors":"R. Ibrahim","doi":"10.36108/ujees/9102.10.0101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/ujees/9102.10.0101","url":null,"abstract":"The study examined effects of abandoned buildings on the environment in five selected political wards in Osogbo, Osun State Nigeria. The study identified the types and causes of abandoned buildings in the study area. It assessed the incidence (nature) of abandoned buildings; conditions of environment in the abandoned buildings; and analyses spatial variations in the incidence of abandoned buildings in the study area. Data were obtained through physical enumeration of abandoned building. Also total of 202 structured questionnaires were randomly administered to residents in the study area. Descriptive statistics (mean) and inferential statistics (ANOVA) were used to analyse the data obtained. Findings reveals that death of owner (mean weighed value = 4.316), improper management (mean weighed value = 4.125), lack of fund (mean weighed value = 4.070), and dispute (mean weighed value = 3.935) are the major causes of abandonment of buildings across the study area. Most of the incidence of abandoned buildings is residential with an average of 3 buildings in each area. This implies that an average of 3 residential buildings were abandoned in each area across the study area. Also the physical enumeration shows that 173, 113 and 111 are the total numbers of bungalow, storey building and Brazilian buildings abandoned respectively across the study area. Obscenity (mean weighed value = 4.094), crime (mean weighed value = 4.030), and pollution (mean weighed value = 3.949) are the major environmental effects of abandoned buildings across the study area. Results from Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) indicated that there is significant spatial variations in the incidence of abandoned buildings. The study concluded by recommending among others, that buildings prone to abandonment as a result of death of owner should be quickly assigned to the heirs. In the absence of heirs, the buildings should be in care of community leaders who will protect it from environmental consequences.","PeriodicalId":23413,"journal":{"name":"UNIOSUN Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87629178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.36108/ujees/9102.10.0190
A. Rasheed
This study aims to assess readiness of Nigerian Indigenous Contractors (NIC) to adopt Knowledge Management (KM).This is achieved by identify in requirements for adopting KM; evaluating NICs preparedness to meet these requirements; and examining benefits of KM to NICs. Purposive sampling technique was adopted for the survey. Fifteen factor requirements for adoption of KM was identified from literature and structured into a questionnaire which was administered to NICs. Eighty-four copies of questionnaires were retrieved from the total sample size of 129, representing 65% response rate. Data was analyzed using percentages, and Relative Importance Index (RII). The factor requirements used for the survey achieved a Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.70 showing a high relationship between them. Results revealed that management’s strategic plan to adopt KM; and training/education of personnel are factors highly prioritized by NICs, but mechanism to enhance storing & retrieval of knowledge is yet to exist in 98% of the NICs sampled. Improvement of profitability and process enhancements are considered more important by NICs amongst derivable benefits from KM. The Study concluded that NICs are not yet prepared to adopt KM but are willing to explore its benefits for improved organisational performance.
{"title":"Application of Knowledge Management by Indigenous Contracting Firms for Construction Project Delivery","authors":"A. Rasheed","doi":"10.36108/ujees/9102.10.0190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/ujees/9102.10.0190","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to assess readiness of Nigerian Indigenous Contractors (NIC) to adopt Knowledge Management (KM).This is achieved by identify in requirements for adopting KM; evaluating NICs preparedness to meet these requirements; and examining benefits of KM to NICs. Purposive sampling technique was adopted for the survey. Fifteen factor requirements for adoption of KM was identified from literature and structured into a questionnaire which was administered to NICs. Eighty-four copies of questionnaires were retrieved from the total sample size of 129, representing 65% response rate. Data was analyzed using percentages, and Relative Importance Index (RII). The factor requirements used for the survey achieved a Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.70 showing a high relationship between them. Results revealed that management’s strategic plan to adopt KM; and training/education of personnel are factors highly prioritized by NICs, but mechanism to enhance storing & retrieval of knowledge is yet to exist in 98% of the NICs sampled. Improvement of profitability and process enhancements are considered more important by NICs amongst derivable benefits from KM. The Study concluded that NICs are not yet prepared to adopt KM but are willing to explore its benefits for improved organisational performance.","PeriodicalId":23413,"journal":{"name":"UNIOSUN Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81960104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.36108/ujees/9102.10.0180
N. Olatunde
Construction project abandonment, delay in completion time, huge variation between contract sum and final account figure, etc. is gradually becoming a norm in the South-South region of Nigeria compared to other regions. These anomalies have been linked to consequential effect of communal agitations resulting from economic, political and environmental neglect. This study therefore seeks to appraise the corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices of medium size contracting firms in the zone with a view to explore the relationship between CSR practices and project delivery in the region. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 12 contracting firms operating within the region for 10 years (2008-2017). Structured questionnaire was used to obtain quantitative data used for the study. Data analysis was carried out using percentile, frequency, mean item score and correlation analysis. The findings revealed that 27.5% of the contracting firms have CSR policy, 17.5% of the firms have CSR as core mandate in their company vision statement. Importantly, the finding also revealed that most of the contracting firms within the region incorporate local content policy of employing indigenes of the host community (MIS=3.73) as their most important CSR practice. The study recommends that there should be an enactment and enforcement of enabling laws that make it compulsory for business owners to have CSR policy and entrench CSR as a core mandate in their vision statement as a criterion for business registration for all categories of construction companies in Nigeria.
{"title":"Appraisal of Corporate Social Responsibility Practices of Selected Medium Size Contracting Firms in South-South Nigeria","authors":"N. Olatunde","doi":"10.36108/ujees/9102.10.0180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/ujees/9102.10.0180","url":null,"abstract":"Construction project abandonment, delay in completion time, huge variation between contract sum and final account figure, etc. is gradually becoming a norm in the South-South region of Nigeria compared to other regions. These anomalies have been linked to consequential effect of communal agitations resulting from economic, political and environmental neglect. This study therefore seeks to appraise the corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices of medium size contracting firms in the zone with a view to explore the relationship between CSR practices and project delivery in the region. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 12 contracting firms operating within the region for 10 years (2008-2017). Structured questionnaire was used to obtain quantitative data used for the study. Data analysis was carried out using percentile, frequency, mean item score and correlation analysis. The findings revealed that 27.5% of the contracting firms have CSR policy, 17.5% of the firms have CSR as core mandate in their company vision statement. Importantly, the finding also revealed that most of the contracting firms within the region incorporate local content policy of employing indigenes of the host community (MIS=3.73) as their most important CSR practice. The study recommends that there should be an enactment and enforcement of enabling laws that make it compulsory for business owners to have CSR policy and entrench CSR as a core mandate in their vision statement as a criterion for business registration for all categories of construction companies in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":23413,"journal":{"name":"UNIOSUN Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88986953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.36108/ujees/9102.10.0170
S. Olawale
The cost of cement has been on a steady increase in Nigeria making it difficult for mass housing developments. The possibility of this price hike abating is not envisaged under the current socio-economic situation in the country. One of the ways to reduce dependence on cement in construction of houses is the partial replacement of cement with pozzolanic material which are readily available with little or no cost such as the one developed by Nigeria Building and Road Research Institute (NBRRI). This study inspected the mechanical attributes of concrete made with fractional replacement of cement with NBRRI pozzolan. Concrete mix, 1:1.5:3 was designed for all specimens with w/c of 0.45. NBRRI pozzolan (0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, 12% and 15%) by weight of cement were used for concrete production. The mechanical properties were measured at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. It was obtained from the results that workability of concrete reduces from 62.5 to 50.5 mm as the percentage of NBRRI pozzolan increases from 0 – 15% respectively. The 28-day compressive, split tensile and flexural strengths of concrete at 12% replacement of cement by NBRRI pozzolan (30.92, 3.11 and 5.48 N/mm2) were found to be comparable to control (34.93, 3.2 and 5.12 N/mm2). It is concluded that 12% replacement of cement by NBRRI pozzolan in concrete (at 28-day curing) will reduce the amount of cement, decrease the cost of concrete production and give desired strength.
{"title":"Effect of Partial Replacement of Cement with NBRRI Pozzolan on the Mechanical Properties of Concrete","authors":"S. Olawale","doi":"10.36108/ujees/9102.10.0170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/ujees/9102.10.0170","url":null,"abstract":"The cost of cement has been on a steady increase in Nigeria making it difficult for mass housing developments. The possibility of this price hike abating is not envisaged under the current socio-economic situation in the country. One of the ways to reduce dependence on cement in construction of houses is the partial replacement of cement with pozzolanic material which are readily available with little or no cost such as the one developed by Nigeria Building and Road Research Institute (NBRRI). This study inspected the mechanical attributes of concrete made with fractional replacement of cement with NBRRI pozzolan. Concrete mix, 1:1.5:3 was designed for all specimens with w/c of 0.45. NBRRI pozzolan (0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, 12% and 15%) by weight of cement were used for concrete production. The mechanical properties were measured at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. It was obtained from the results that workability of concrete reduces from 62.5 to 50.5 mm as the percentage of NBRRI pozzolan increases from 0 – 15% respectively. The 28-day compressive, split tensile and flexural strengths of concrete at 12% replacement of cement by NBRRI pozzolan (30.92, 3.11 and 5.48 N/mm2) were found to be comparable to control (34.93, 3.2 and 5.12 N/mm2). It is concluded that 12% replacement of cement by NBRRI pozzolan in concrete (at 28-day curing) will reduce the amount of cement, decrease the cost of concrete production and give desired strength.","PeriodicalId":23413,"journal":{"name":"UNIOSUN Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85042491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.36108/ujees/9102.10.0160
J. O. Oyedeji
Previous studies established that landscaping is a significant factor with impact on residential property value. However, there is absence of similar study in the study area. This study filled the gap by examining impact of landscaping on residential property value at Lekki Phase 1, Lagos. Population for the study are Estate Surveyors and Valuers managing residential properties in the study area. Simple random sampling technique was employed to arrive at a sample size of 94 out of 124 study population. Out of the 94 questionnaire administered, 90 questionnaire were retrieved. Data gathered were analyzed using descriptive statistics like frequency distribution table and relative importance index. The hypothesis was tested using correlation and regression. Findings from the study revealed that fence is the most prominent landscaping feature in the study area, while shrubs and trees is the least prominent landscaping feature in the study area. The research also revealed that the residence have the highest preference for fence as a landscaping feature and have the least preference for shrubs. Findings from the research established that the most prominent impact of landscaping on residential property value is that it increases residential property sale value and the least impact is that residential property rental value remains static. The first hypothesis of the study established that there is a strong positive correlation between landscape and property value. The second hypothesis established that landscape has a significant positive impact on residential property value in the study area. The study recommended that more trees should be planted and landscape should be part of property development.
{"title":"Impact of Landscaping on Residential Property Value in Lekki Phase 1 Lagos","authors":"J. O. Oyedeji","doi":"10.36108/ujees/9102.10.0160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/ujees/9102.10.0160","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies established that landscaping is a significant factor with impact on residential property value. However, there is absence of similar study in the study area. This study filled the gap by examining impact of landscaping on residential property value at Lekki Phase 1, Lagos. Population for the study are Estate Surveyors and Valuers managing residential properties in the study area. Simple random sampling technique was employed to arrive at a sample size of 94 out of 124 study population. Out of the 94 questionnaire administered, 90 questionnaire were retrieved. Data gathered were analyzed using descriptive statistics like frequency distribution table and relative importance index. The hypothesis was tested using correlation and regression. Findings from the study revealed that fence is the most prominent landscaping feature in the study area, while shrubs and trees is the least prominent landscaping feature in the study area. The research also revealed that the residence have the highest preference for fence as a landscaping feature and have the least preference for shrubs. Findings from the research established that the most prominent impact of landscaping on residential property value is that it increases residential property sale value and the least impact is that residential property rental value remains static. The first hypothesis of the study established that there is a strong positive correlation between landscape and property value. The second hypothesis established that landscape has a significant positive impact on residential property value in the study area. The study recommended that more trees should be planted and landscape should be part of property development.","PeriodicalId":23413,"journal":{"name":"UNIOSUN Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78115992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.36108/ujees/9102.10.0111
K. Ishola
This study investigated the compaction effect of unmodified and modified lateritic soil using cement-mango leaf waste ash (C- MLWA). The lateritic soil used was classified as A-7-6 (9) and CL using AASHTO soil classification and USCS respectively. The soil was treated with a blended cement of 1%, 2 % and 6 % mango leaf waste ash by dry weight of the soil sample. Effect of cement- mango leaf ash on the modified soil was studied with respect to compaction characteristics, plasticity characteristics, particle size distribution, California bearing ratio, and unconfined compressive strength. Compactive efforts used were British Standard Light (BSL) and West African Standard and the results were examined utilizing analysis of variance (ANOVA) Method. The research shows an increase in MDD with the corresponding decrease in OMC as the percentages of cement content increase with a constant 6% mango leaf waste ash for all the tests carried out for the sample. This was due to the agglomeration of large particles (sand and gravel) consuming bigger space with a comparable drop in dry density and in light of additional moisture needed for the hydration of cement and the pozzolanic response of mango leaf waste ash.
{"title":"Compaction Characteristics of the Lateritic Soil-Mango Leaf Ash Admixed with Cement","authors":"K. Ishola","doi":"10.36108/ujees/9102.10.0111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/ujees/9102.10.0111","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the compaction effect of unmodified and modified lateritic soil using cement-mango leaf waste ash (C- MLWA). The lateritic soil used was classified as A-7-6 (9) and CL using AASHTO soil classification and USCS respectively. The soil was treated with a blended cement of 1%, 2 % and 6 % mango leaf waste ash by dry weight of the soil sample. Effect of cement- mango leaf ash on the modified soil was studied with respect to compaction characteristics, plasticity characteristics, particle size distribution, California bearing ratio, and unconfined compressive strength. Compactive efforts used were British Standard Light (BSL) and West African Standard and the results were examined utilizing analysis of variance (ANOVA) Method. The research shows an increase in MDD with the corresponding decrease in OMC as the percentages of cement content increase with a constant 6% mango leaf waste ash for all the tests carried out for the sample. This was due to the agglomeration of large particles (sand and gravel) consuming bigger space with a comparable drop in dry density and in light of additional moisture needed for the hydration of cement and the pozzolanic response of mango leaf waste ash.","PeriodicalId":23413,"journal":{"name":"UNIOSUN Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"245 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76963817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.36108/ujees/9102.10.0150
B. Dahunsi
As part of effort to understand challenges faced with building maintenance practices in Nigeria an investigation of the maintenance culture in some of the oldest public schools in Ibadan, Oyo State Nigeria was carried out. A total of five schools located within Ibadan metropolis were selected based on their historical importance, year of establishment and viability of alumni. Site visits were carried out, during these visits, oral interviews accompanied with questionnaires was administered on the stake holders, the buildings were visually assessed to determine severity of degradation experienced by the buildings and the risk it poses to learning. Photographs of structures been assessed were also taken. Results shows that, the buildings have not been properly maintained over the years and can be attributed to the following: lack of funding for maintenance works, absence of guidelines for maintenance of school buildings by Government, lack of maintenance department in the schools visited and unplanned approach to implementation of maintenance work. As part of effort to salvage the situation, some recommendations were made, they are: the establishment of maintenance department in all schools with technical expertise and the formation of a School Buildings Maintenance Board (SBMB) by the state Government
{"title":"Developing an Effective Maintenance Culture for Some Monumental Public School Buildings in Ibadan, Oyo State Nigeria.","authors":"B. Dahunsi","doi":"10.36108/ujees/9102.10.0150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/ujees/9102.10.0150","url":null,"abstract":"As part of effort to understand challenges faced with building maintenance practices in Nigeria an investigation of the maintenance culture in some of the oldest public schools in Ibadan, Oyo State Nigeria was carried out. A total of five schools located within Ibadan metropolis were selected based on their historical importance, year of establishment and viability of alumni. Site visits were carried out, during these visits, oral interviews accompanied with questionnaires was administered on the stake holders, the buildings were visually assessed to determine severity of degradation experienced by the buildings and the risk it poses to learning. Photographs of structures been assessed were also taken. Results shows that, the buildings have not been properly maintained over the years and can be attributed to the following: lack of funding for maintenance works, absence of guidelines for maintenance of school buildings by Government, lack of maintenance department in the schools visited and unplanned approach to implementation of maintenance work. As part of effort to salvage the situation, some recommendations were made, they are: the establishment of maintenance department in all schools with technical expertise and the formation of a School Buildings Maintenance Board (SBMB) by the state Government","PeriodicalId":23413,"journal":{"name":"UNIOSUN Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"132 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90634208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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