Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.36108/ujees/1202.30.0250
O. Odunjo
This study assesses the determinants of affordability in rental housing in Ogbomoso, Southwest, Nigeria. The location was borne out of the fact that the city houses Ladoke Akintola University of Technology which is a source of employment. Ogbomoso North Local Government Area, the domiciled home of the University was purposively selected for the study. Random sampling was used in selecting two hundred and thirteen households. The questionnaire and observation formed the basic instruments for data collection which were administered to respondents to collect information on socioeconomic characteristics such as; house type and condition as well as house rent. Both descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were employed in the presentation of the findings; correlation analysis was used to test the relationship between households’ income and house type. The bulk of the respondents collect N11,000 – N20,000 (35.2%) indicating they are low-income workers, while the significant house type was Brazilian rooming house (40.2%). Correlation analysis shows that there is a significant relationship between house type and households’ income (p=0.030) indicating house type is a function of household income. The study suggests among others that, the income of residents should be factored into housing policies in Nigeria in determining the housing needs of people.
{"title":"Determinants of Affordability in Rental Housing in Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria","authors":"O. Odunjo","doi":"10.36108/ujees/1202.30.0250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/ujees/1202.30.0250","url":null,"abstract":"This study assesses the determinants of affordability in rental housing in Ogbomoso, Southwest, Nigeria. The location was borne out of the fact that the city houses Ladoke Akintola University of Technology which is a source of employment. Ogbomoso North Local Government Area, the domiciled home of the University was purposively selected for the study. Random sampling was used in selecting two hundred and thirteen households. The questionnaire and observation formed the basic instruments for data collection which were administered to respondents to collect information on socioeconomic characteristics such as; house type and condition as well as house rent. Both descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were employed in the presentation of the findings; correlation analysis was used to test the relationship between households’ income and house type. The bulk of the respondents collect N11,000 – N20,000 (35.2%) indicating they are low-income workers, while the significant house type was Brazilian rooming house (40.2%). Correlation analysis shows that there is a significant relationship between house type and households’ income (p=0.030) indicating house type is a function of household income. The study suggests among others that, the income of residents should be factored into housing policies in Nigeria in determining the housing needs of people.","PeriodicalId":23413,"journal":{"name":"UNIOSUN Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86679093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.36108/ujees/9102.10.0140
O. Obiyemi
Ku-band satellite remains the most cost-effective distribution channel for digital television services in terms of global coverage and wide bandwidth availability. However, signal attenuation due to rain remains the bane of the reception quality and the continuous availability. In the clear-sky, the minimum signal loss between a Ku-satellite and an earth station is about 205 dB. The amount of rain rate and the site’s latitude further compound this minimum signal attenuation. Existing reported research works are mainly limited to modelling of rain-induced attenuation without porting research findings into compensation product in terms of appropriate mitigation technique. This study is aimed at developing a robust compensation model for the rain-induced digital satellite television services for an improved quality and availability of service in Nigeria, with a specific objective of determining the optimal dish size for compensating the signal attenuation on the digital satellite TV downlink. The methodology employed involves rain data collection from the International Telecommunication Union-Radiocommunication (ITU-R) worst rain zone in Nigeria. The determination of appropriate dish sizes for different parts of Nigeria was carried out. A compensation model was derived for the rain degraded DTH link; and practical dish size of 1.5 m, for 48 dBW satellite footprint, was found to be adequate for compensating Ku satellite signal attenuation, regardless of rainstorm in Nigeria.
{"title":"On the Determination of a Compensation Model for Rain Degraded Digital DTH Links over a Tropical Location","authors":"O. Obiyemi","doi":"10.36108/ujees/9102.10.0140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/ujees/9102.10.0140","url":null,"abstract":"Ku-band satellite remains the most cost-effective distribution channel for digital television services in terms of global coverage and wide bandwidth availability. However, signal attenuation due to rain remains the bane of the reception quality and the continuous availability. In the clear-sky, the minimum signal loss between a Ku-satellite and an earth station is about 205 dB. The amount of rain rate and the site’s latitude further compound this minimum signal attenuation. Existing reported research works are mainly limited to modelling of rain-induced attenuation without porting research findings into compensation product in terms of appropriate mitigation technique. This study is aimed at developing a robust compensation model for the rain-induced digital satellite television services for an improved quality and availability of service in Nigeria, with a specific objective of determining the optimal dish size for compensating the signal attenuation on the digital satellite TV downlink. The methodology employed involves rain data collection from the International Telecommunication Union-Radiocommunication (ITU-R) worst rain zone in Nigeria. The determination of appropriate dish sizes for different parts of Nigeria was carried out. A compensation model was derived for the rain degraded DTH link; and practical dish size of 1.5 m, for 48 dBW satellite footprint, was found to be adequate for compensating Ku satellite signal attenuation, regardless of rainstorm in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":23413,"journal":{"name":"UNIOSUN Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"6 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77441967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.36108/ujees/9102.10.0130
M. A. Kareem
The study evaluates the influence of water/cement ratios and aggregates contents on the engineering properties of normal weight concrete. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using historical design was adopted to design and develop predictive models and perform the optimization of concrete prepared with cement, fine aggregate (FA), coarse aggregate (CA) contents at different water/cement ratio (W/C) by volume. Concrete mixes were prepared using fixed content of ordinary Portland cement and the different mixtures. The density and compressive strength of hardened concrete specimens were determined at the curing 28 days. The response surface analysis showed that W/C and aggregate contents have significant effects on density and compressive strength of concrete. The regression model yielded good correlations with the experimental data. The optimized density and 28-day compressive strength values of 2522.973 kg/m3 and 29.977 N/mm2 were achieved for the concrete mix containing 1.5-part of FA, 3-part of CA and 0.60 W/C, respectively. The optimal concrete mix parameters determined using RSM provides the basis for selecting appropriate safe concrete component ratios.
{"title":"A Response Surface Approach for Determining Optimal Mix Parameters for Normal Strength Concrete","authors":"M. A. Kareem","doi":"10.36108/ujees/9102.10.0130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/ujees/9102.10.0130","url":null,"abstract":"The study evaluates the influence of water/cement ratios and aggregates contents on the engineering properties of normal weight concrete. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using historical design was adopted to design and develop predictive models and perform the optimization of concrete prepared with cement, fine aggregate (FA), coarse aggregate (CA) contents at different water/cement ratio (W/C) by volume. Concrete mixes were prepared using fixed content of ordinary Portland cement and the different mixtures. The density and compressive strength of hardened concrete specimens were determined at the curing 28 days. The response surface analysis showed that W/C and aggregate contents have significant effects on density and compressive strength of concrete. The regression model yielded good correlations with the experimental data. The optimized density and 28-day compressive strength values of 2522.973 kg/m3 and 29.977 N/mm2 were achieved for the concrete mix containing 1.5-part of FA, 3-part of CA and 0.60 W/C, respectively. The optimal concrete mix parameters determined using RSM provides the basis for selecting appropriate safe concrete component ratios.","PeriodicalId":23413,"journal":{"name":"UNIOSUN Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85883375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.36108/ujees/9102.10.0250
A. Musa
It is envisaged that magnetisation might alter the sorption behaviours of magnetised biochars due to some variation in the physicochemical properties from their precursor. This study evaluated the adsorption behaviours of a coconut shell biochar produced at 600 °C, CSB600, and its magnetised pair, MCSB600, in the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson isotherm models were used to describe the experimental isotherm using linear and nonlinear regression methods to determine the best fit for MB adsorption from the batch experiments conducted. The Langmuir model proved to be the best fit to explain the experimental data as it had the highest R2 (0.9684 and 0.9855) from linear regression and the lowest hybrid fractional error function, HYBRID (4.58, 1.145) and marquardt’s percent standard deviation, MPSD (10.61, 5.04) error function values from the nonlinear regression methods with maximum monolayer adsorption capacities of 5.590 and 5.229 mg/g for CSB600 and MCSB600 respectively. The magnetised biochar exhibited similar adsorption characteristics to what was observed for the non-magnetised biochar and only about 6.46% lower MB adsorption capacity was recorded. A p-value of 0.088 obtained suggested the isotherms were similar and therefore, magnetisation did not affect the adsorption of MB.
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of the Adsorption of Methylene Blue Using Magnetised and Non-Magnetised Coconut Shell Biochar","authors":"A. Musa","doi":"10.36108/ujees/9102.10.0250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/ujees/9102.10.0250","url":null,"abstract":"It is envisaged that magnetisation might alter the sorption behaviours of magnetised biochars due to some variation in the physicochemical properties from their precursor. This study evaluated the adsorption behaviours of a coconut shell biochar produced at 600 °C, CSB600, and its magnetised pair, MCSB600, in the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson isotherm models were used to describe the experimental isotherm using linear and nonlinear regression methods to determine the best fit for MB adsorption from the batch experiments conducted. The Langmuir model proved to be the best fit to explain the experimental data as it had the highest R2 (0.9684 and 0.9855) from linear regression and the lowest hybrid fractional error function, HYBRID (4.58, 1.145) and marquardt’s percent standard deviation, MPSD (10.61, 5.04) error function values from the nonlinear regression methods with maximum monolayer adsorption capacities of 5.590 and 5.229 mg/g for CSB600 and MCSB600 respectively. The magnetised biochar exhibited similar adsorption characteristics to what was observed for the non-magnetised biochar and only about 6.46% lower MB adsorption capacity was recorded. A p-value of 0.088 obtained suggested the isotherms were similar and therefore, magnetisation did not affect the adsorption of MB.","PeriodicalId":23413,"journal":{"name":"UNIOSUN Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82106662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.36108/ujees/9102.10.0210
L. Abidoye, M. Lawal, K. O. Rabiu
Dielectric mixing model has been successfully employed to characterize the presence of lead in water-logged porous media, contaminated by lead at different temperatures and concentrations. This work has demonstrated the influence of temperature and concentration of lead on the bulk relative permittivity (ԑb) of lead-water system in porous media. Generally, the bulk relative permittivity of the lead-water-soil system, ԑb, decreases with rising temperature and the least value of ԑb was obtained in this work at 30oC while the highest ԑb was obtained at 20oC. It is visible from the combined plot that the bulk permittivity, ԑb, of lead-water system decreases as the lead concentration increases. The ԑb is highest at lead volume fraction of 0.05. This is closely followed by that at 0.01 and so on, while the least ԑb occurs at lead volume fraction of 0.1. The reason for this is owing to the fact that as the fraction of lead increases, that of water decreases. This work is important in the monitoring of water quality and contamination by lead in the subsurface.
{"title":"Tracking the Presence of Lead Contaminant in Water using Geophysical Model","authors":"L. Abidoye, M. Lawal, K. O. Rabiu","doi":"10.36108/ujees/9102.10.0210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/ujees/9102.10.0210","url":null,"abstract":"Dielectric mixing model has been successfully employed to characterize the presence of lead in water-logged porous media, contaminated by lead at different temperatures and concentrations. This work has demonstrated the influence of temperature and concentration of lead on the bulk relative permittivity (ԑb) of lead-water system in porous media. Generally, the bulk relative permittivity of the lead-water-soil system, ԑb, decreases with rising temperature and the least value of ԑb was obtained in this work at 30oC while the highest ԑb was obtained at 20oC. It is visible from the combined plot that the bulk permittivity, ԑb, of lead-water system decreases as the lead concentration increases. The ԑb is highest at lead volume fraction of 0.05. This is closely followed by that at 0.01 and so on, while the least ԑb occurs at lead volume fraction of 0.1. The reason for this is owing to the fact that as the fraction of lead increases, that of water decreases. This work is important in the monitoring of water quality and contamination by lead in the subsurface.","PeriodicalId":23413,"journal":{"name":"UNIOSUN Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86092038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.36108/ujees/9102.10.0270
T. A. Adelabu, S. O. Olanrewaju, V. Ige
It is against the background of the intricate relationship between condition of housing, health and affordability of residents that this study investigates housing health conditions and willingness to pay of residents on Jakande Estate, Lagos, Nigeria. This is with view of proffering recommendations that will aid the achievement of affordable healthy buildings in the area. To achieve this, 340 housing units were sampled using a random systematic sampling technique at an interval of every third house in all the streets in the estate. Questionnaire was then administered to the household head of each sampled building. Obtained information such as income, annual rent, willingness to pay (WTP) and perceived satisfaction with housing parameters were subjected to descriptive statistics such as percentages. Also, Likert rating of WTP was done to assess the willingness of residents to pay for building health parameters. It was observed that about 87% of the residents of the estate are civil servants, while about 45% of them earn a monthly income between 50,000 – 100,00. Also, 62% of the residents pay a moderate rental value of 100,000 – 150,000. Residents are willing to pay as high as 30,000 annually for good water (3.5), cross ventilation (2.91) and good ceiling (2.81). However, about 60% of the residents are not satisfied with the level of noise in the estate. Also, about 65% are not satisfied with water and sanitation. The study therefore recommends provision of central boreholes, employment of sanitation workers and community participation for the achievement of affordable healthy buildings in the estate.
{"title":"Building Health Parameters and Willingness to Pay of Residents In Jakande Estate, Lagos, Nigeria","authors":"T. A. Adelabu, S. O. Olanrewaju, V. Ige","doi":"10.36108/ujees/9102.10.0270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/ujees/9102.10.0270","url":null,"abstract":"It is against the background of the intricate relationship between condition of housing, health and affordability of residents that this study investigates housing health conditions and willingness to pay of residents on Jakande Estate, Lagos, Nigeria. This is with view of proffering recommendations that will aid the achievement of affordable healthy buildings in the area. To achieve this, 340 housing units were sampled using a random systematic sampling technique at an interval of every third house in all the streets in the estate. Questionnaire was then administered to the household head of each sampled building. Obtained information such as income, annual rent, willingness to pay (WTP) and perceived satisfaction with housing parameters were subjected to descriptive statistics such as percentages. Also, Likert rating of WTP was done to assess the willingness of residents to pay for building health parameters. It was observed that about 87% of the residents of the estate are civil servants, while about 45% of them earn a monthly income between 50,000 – 100,00. Also, 62% of the residents pay a moderate rental value of 100,000 – 150,000. Residents are willing to pay as high as 30,000 annually for good water (3.5), cross ventilation (2.91) and good ceiling (2.81). However, about 60% of the residents are not satisfied with the level of noise in the estate. Also, about 65% are not satisfied with water and sanitation. The study therefore recommends provision of central boreholes, employment of sanitation workers and community participation for the achievement of affordable healthy buildings in the estate.","PeriodicalId":23413,"journal":{"name":"UNIOSUN Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"141 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80126286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.36108/ujees/9102.10.0120
K. Adeyemo, G. H. Yunusa, A. Bello
This paper presents the results of laboratory investigation carried out on the effect of compactive efforts on the hydraulic conductivity of black cotton soil treated with Cassava Peel Ash (CPA) at 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24% CPA treatment. Index properties, hydraulic conductivity and cation exchange capacity tests were carried out. Specimens were prepared at moulding water contents 2% dry, OMC, 2% wet and 4% wet of optimum moisture content using British Standard Light (BSL), British Standard Heavy (BSH) and West African Standard (WAS) compactive efforts. The results show that hydraulic conductivity value generally decreases as the CPA concentration is increased in the blend. At optimal 16% CPA treatment level, hydraulic conductivity values are 1.74 x 10-8, 1.40 x 10-8 and 8.42 x 10-9 cm/s for BSL, WAS and BSH energy levels. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) test was also conducted to further investigate the water holding capacity of the natural and treated specimens; the CEC indicates that CPA had positive contribution on the hydraulic conductivity of the treated specimens especially as CPA content is increased. This study revealed that hydraulic conductivity decreases to its minimum at higher compactive effort.
{"title":"Effect of Compactive Efforts on Hydraulic Conductivity of Black Cotton Soil Treated with Cassava Peel Ash","authors":"K. Adeyemo, G. H. Yunusa, A. Bello","doi":"10.36108/ujees/9102.10.0120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/ujees/9102.10.0120","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of laboratory investigation carried out on the effect of compactive efforts on the hydraulic conductivity of black cotton soil treated with Cassava Peel Ash (CPA) at 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24% CPA treatment. Index properties, hydraulic conductivity and cation exchange capacity tests were carried out. Specimens were prepared at moulding water contents 2% dry, OMC, 2% wet and 4% wet of optimum moisture content using British Standard Light (BSL), British Standard Heavy (BSH) and West African Standard (WAS) compactive efforts. The results show that hydraulic conductivity value generally decreases as the CPA concentration is increased in the blend. At optimal 16% CPA treatment level, hydraulic conductivity values are 1.74 x 10-8, 1.40 x 10-8 and 8.42 x 10-9 cm/s for BSL, WAS and BSH energy levels. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) test was also conducted to further investigate the water holding capacity of the natural and treated specimens; the CEC indicates that CPA had positive contribution on the hydraulic conductivity of the treated specimens especially as CPA content is increased. This study revealed that hydraulic conductivity decreases to its minimum at higher compactive effort.","PeriodicalId":23413,"journal":{"name":"UNIOSUN Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"44 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83495501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.36108/ujees/9102.10.0230
S. Olatunji, K. Atoyebi, A. Oladipupo
The study evaluated the institutional framework of building control practice, identified and examined the degrees of enforcement and compliance with the building control regulation in Lagos State with reference to the promulgation of the Urban and Regional Planning and development Law of 2010. A total of 185 questionnaires were used to elicit data from 72 firms, 33 consultants and 80 personnel of the Building Control Agency in which sixty-three one hundred and seventeen (117), (63.2%) questionnaires were accurately filled and returned. The data collected were analyzed using frequency, percentage and weighted summation. Findings revealed that the agency (LASBCA) undertakes the major role of setting the enforcement system for building projects and private parties’ participation were not yet in place. Furthermore on the level of compliance by contractors, result showed that the structural stability and aesthetic appearance of building projects received greater attention. This paper concludes that the practice of Building Control to a large extent has the prospects of enhancing the quality of building project delivery but detailed program of work should be submitted along with other necessary document before approving commencement of work on site so that every stage of work could be adequately captured in the study area.
{"title":"A Appraisal of the Lagos State Building Control Agency towards Efficient Service Delivery","authors":"S. Olatunji, K. Atoyebi, A. Oladipupo","doi":"10.36108/ujees/9102.10.0230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/ujees/9102.10.0230","url":null,"abstract":"The study evaluated the institutional framework of building control practice, identified and examined the degrees of enforcement and compliance with the building control regulation in Lagos State with reference to the promulgation of the Urban and Regional Planning and development Law of 2010. A total of 185 questionnaires were used to elicit data from 72 firms, 33 consultants and 80 personnel of the Building Control Agency in which sixty-three one hundred and seventeen (117), (63.2%) questionnaires were accurately filled and returned. The data collected were analyzed using frequency, percentage and weighted summation. Findings revealed that the agency (LASBCA) undertakes the major role of setting the enforcement system for building projects and private parties’ participation were not yet in place. Furthermore on the level of compliance by contractors, result showed that the structural stability and aesthetic appearance of building projects received greater attention. This paper concludes that the practice of Building Control to a large extent has the prospects of enhancing the quality of building project delivery but detailed program of work should be submitted along with other necessary document before approving commencement of work on site so that every stage of work could be adequately captured in the study area.","PeriodicalId":23413,"journal":{"name":"UNIOSUN Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90580707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.36108/ujees/9102.10.0220
O. Oladepo, H. Lasisi, T. Awofolaju
The rapid expansion in electrical power demand and challenges in providing required capacity using conventional solutions, such as network expansions and substation upgrades, motivates the selection of distributed generation (DG) option. The DG are complementarily combined based on their renewable sources, to form a microgrid for real and reactive power support. However, there is a need for proper coordination to smoothly coexist with conventional devices on the power network. The significant benefits of the integration include improved voltage profile and power loss reduction. In this article, the DN and active distribution network (ADN) are briefly introduced. Then the voltage control techniques in both passive and ADNs were reviewed. The existing literature is outlined as a potential guide for researchers in the field. The literature reveals that the coordinated voltage control involving the combination of voltage control devices and methods proved effective than standalone methods.
{"title":"A Review of Voltage Control Methods in Conventional and Active Distribution Network","authors":"O. Oladepo, H. Lasisi, T. Awofolaju","doi":"10.36108/ujees/9102.10.0220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/ujees/9102.10.0220","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid expansion in electrical power demand and challenges in providing required capacity using conventional solutions, such as network expansions and substation upgrades, motivates the selection of distributed generation (DG) option. The DG are complementarily combined based on their renewable sources, to form a microgrid for real and reactive power support. However, there is a need for proper coordination to smoothly coexist with conventional devices on the power network. The significant benefits of the integration include improved voltage profile and power loss reduction. In this article, the DN and active distribution network (ADN) are briefly introduced. Then the voltage control techniques in both passive and ADNs were reviewed. The existing literature is outlined as a potential guide for researchers in the field. The literature reveals that the coordinated voltage control involving the combination of voltage control devices and methods proved effective than standalone methods.","PeriodicalId":23413,"journal":{"name":"UNIOSUN Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76189256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.36108/ujees/9102.10.0260
O. Olabode
Compensating reactive power deficiency on power grids is a central concern in the distribution of energy management systems. Several approaches have been adopted over time to minimize the total real power loss and enhancing bus voltage profile. Shunt capacitor has been used from time immemorial for addressing issue of reactive power compensation at the distribution end of power systems, and the extent of benefits derivable from its usage depend solely on correct siting and sizing. To this effect, meta-heuristic algorithms are promising optimization tools for achieving these objectives. This paper, therefore, presents a comprehensive review of cuckoo search algorithm based on optimal siting and sizing of shunt capacitors in radial distribution systems. The suitability, in addition to strengths and weakness of each approaches reported in the reviewed articles have been painstakingly x-rayed. Based on the review, it was observed that a two-stage approach is always adopted in the compensation process: the pre-selection of potential or sensitive nodes and the optimal sizing of shunt capacitors needed for the compensation. For the pre-location, Voltage Stability Index and Loss Sensitivity Factor were found to be comparatively less complex and highly suitable techniques. Another cogent discovery from this review is that less attention has been drawn to the use of cuckoo search algorithm by Nigerian researchers. Therefore, regarding Nigerian electric grid system, the use of cuckoo search algorithm in reactive power support presents a research gap for further investigations.
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