Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.36108/ujees/2202.40.0220
A. A. Badejo, A. David, O. Olaniyan, O. Opafola
This study investigated the efficiency of a sequential system involving surface flow and vegetated sub-surface flow constructed wetland (CW) in the treatment of Brewery Wastewater. Six experimental CW (2 surface and 4 subsurface flow) and control (1 surface and 2 vegetated subsurface flow) with 200 mm depth of 19.05 mm diameter granite and 100 mm depth of sharp sand as substrate were used for the experiment. The CWs were planted with locally available macrophytes: water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), Cattail (Typha latifolia) and Vetiver grass (Vetiveria nigritana). The microcosms were irrigated using wastewater from Brewery Effluent (BE), pollution parameters were measured and treatment efficiency was monitored. The pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5) of the BE studied were 6.84, 1189 μs/m, 2998 mg/l, 9.4 mg/l and 1244 mg/l, respectively. Average reductions of 92.53, 48.30 and 67.16 % were observed in the TDS, BOD and Nitrate after treatment. The BOD5 percentage removal was higher in the Subsurface CW than in the Surface flow CW (30.11 and 49.04 % for surface and subsurface flow, respectively). The study showed that CW using surface and subsurface flow constructed wetland with locally available macrophytes is efficient in Brewery wastewater treatment.
{"title":"Sequential Treatment of Brewery Effluent using Vegetated Subsurface and Surface Flow Constructed Wetland","authors":"A. A. Badejo, A. David, O. Olaniyan, O. Opafola","doi":"10.36108/ujees/2202.40.0220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/ujees/2202.40.0220","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the efficiency of a sequential system involving surface flow and vegetated sub-surface flow constructed wetland (CW) in the treatment of Brewery Wastewater. Six experimental CW (2 surface and 4 subsurface flow) and control (1 surface and 2 vegetated subsurface flow) with 200 mm depth of 19.05 mm diameter granite and 100 mm depth of sharp sand as substrate were used for the experiment. The CWs were planted with locally available macrophytes: water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), Cattail (Typha latifolia) and Vetiver grass (Vetiveria nigritana). The microcosms were irrigated using wastewater from Brewery Effluent (BE), pollution parameters were measured and treatment efficiency was monitored. The pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5) of the BE studied were 6.84, 1189 μs/m, 2998 mg/l, 9.4 mg/l and 1244 mg/l, respectively. Average reductions of 92.53, 48.30 and 67.16 % were observed in the TDS, BOD and Nitrate after treatment. The BOD5 percentage removal was higher in the Subsurface CW than in the Surface flow CW (30.11 and 49.04 % for surface and subsurface flow, respectively). The study showed that CW using surface and subsurface flow constructed wetland with locally available macrophytes is efficient in Brewery wastewater treatment.","PeriodicalId":23413,"journal":{"name":"UNIOSUN Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"435 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77346155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.36108/ujees/2202.40.0211
J. Wasiu, Seyi Olatunde-Agbooro
Deflection is basically the bend or curve that occurs within materials when loads are applied to them. A structure should be designed to be able to properly resist the applied loads and failure to do that makes the deflection visible and consequently lead to failure. During the course of this work the dead load, live load and environmental wind load acting on the bridge structure were calculated using the Analytical method and the calculated loads were used to analyze the bridge numerically using the STAAD pro software. The Plate stress animation from the STAAD software showed portions that were under intense loading on the concrete deck. From the animation, Steel beams 42, 45, 49, 53 and 57 were directly supporting these portions of the decks and were chosen for analysis. These beams were analyzed in terms of deflection, shear and bending. The values for shear, deflection, and bending for the five steel beams were compared under both approaches and their percentage difference was calculated. Comparing the results obtained from the analytical and numerical method gave a percentage difference of 4.39 %, 0.6 %, 0.93 %, 3.67 % and 1.19 % for shear, 6.29 %, 3.23 %, 1.07 %, 4.28 % and 1.14 % for bending, 12.5 %, 7.6 %, 4.08 %, 2.45 % and 2.6 % for deflection. 80 % of results obtained were less than 5 % in percentage difference and with this result, it is concluded that both methods are suitable for design. The Numerical method was nevertheless chosen to be a more economical and accurate method because it incorporates reliable safety factors that cater for uncertainties in its approach
{"title":"Analysis of the Deflection of Over-Truss Bridge Deck Using Finite Element Approach","authors":"J. Wasiu, Seyi Olatunde-Agbooro","doi":"10.36108/ujees/2202.40.0211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/ujees/2202.40.0211","url":null,"abstract":"Deflection is basically the bend or curve that occurs within materials when loads are applied to them. A structure should be designed to be able to properly resist the applied loads and failure to do that makes the deflection visible and consequently lead to failure. During the course of this work the dead load, live load and environmental wind load acting on the bridge structure were calculated using the Analytical method and the calculated loads were used to analyze the bridge numerically using the STAAD pro software. The Plate stress animation from the STAAD software showed portions that were under intense loading on the concrete deck. From the animation, Steel beams 42, 45, 49, 53 and 57 were directly supporting these portions of the decks and were chosen for analysis. These beams were analyzed in terms of deflection, shear and bending. The values for shear, deflection, and bending for the five steel beams were compared under both approaches and their percentage difference was calculated. Comparing the results obtained from the analytical and numerical method gave a percentage difference of 4.39 %, 0.6 %, 0.93 %, 3.67 % and 1.19 % for shear, 6.29 %, 3.23 %, 1.07 %, 4.28 % and 1.14 % for bending, 12.5 %, 7.6 %, 4.08 %, 2.45 % and 2.6 % for deflection. 80 % of results obtained were less than 5 % in percentage difference and with this result, it is concluded that both methods are suitable for design. The Numerical method was nevertheless chosen to be a more economical and accurate method because it incorporates reliable safety factors that cater for uncertainties in its approach","PeriodicalId":23413,"journal":{"name":"UNIOSUN Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86367519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.36108/ujees/2202.40.0240
A. Ola, R. Suleiman
Informal waste collectors (IWCs) have been visible actors in the municipal waste management sector of many cities in Nigeria. Various studies have made attempts to study the operational characteristics of IWCs, however, less emphasis has been made to examine the variations in their operational characteristics across cities in Nigeria. This paper attempts to fill this gap using Ibadan (Oyo State) and Abuja (FCT) as examples. The choice of the two cities was informed by the variation in their access to waste management resources. While Abuja is a federal government-controlled municipality with more resources, Ibadan is a state-controlled municipality with fewer resources. A structured questionnaire was randomly administered to 418 IWCs in both cities. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used in the analysis of the data collected. Abuja IWCs evacuated more waste daily (312 kg) than Ibadan (255 kg). All the sampled Abuja IWCs (100%) used push carts to evacuate wastes while 78.5% of Ibadan IWCs used push carts; Abuja IWCs earned more income (N7,500 daily) compared to Ibadan (N3,000 daily). There was preponderant use of public stationary containers for waste disposal by Abuja IWCs than Ibadan. Few Ibadan IWCs used personal protective equipment (PPE) compared to Abuja. Regression analysis showed that the volume of waste collected by IWCs is influenced by the waste collection fees, method of waste transportation and distance between the collection points and disposal sites. It is therefore recommended that adequate provision of public stationary containers will encourage better waste disposal among the IWCs.
{"title":"A Comparative Analysis of the Operational Characteristics of Informal Waste Collectors: The Case of Ibadan and Abuja, Nigeria","authors":"A. Ola, R. Suleiman","doi":"10.36108/ujees/2202.40.0240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/ujees/2202.40.0240","url":null,"abstract":"Informal waste collectors (IWCs) have been visible actors in the municipal waste management sector of many cities in Nigeria. Various studies have made attempts to study the operational characteristics of IWCs, however, less emphasis has been made to examine the variations in their operational characteristics across cities in Nigeria. This paper attempts to fill this gap using Ibadan (Oyo State) and Abuja (FCT) as examples. The choice of the two cities was informed by the variation in their access to waste management resources. While Abuja is a federal government-controlled municipality with more resources, Ibadan is a state-controlled municipality with fewer resources. A structured questionnaire was randomly administered to 418 IWCs in both cities. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used in the analysis of the data collected. Abuja IWCs evacuated more waste daily (312 kg) than Ibadan (255 kg). All the sampled Abuja IWCs (100%) used push carts to evacuate wastes while 78.5% of Ibadan IWCs used push carts; Abuja IWCs earned more income (N7,500 daily) compared to Ibadan (N3,000 daily). There was preponderant use of public stationary containers for waste disposal by Abuja IWCs than Ibadan. Few Ibadan IWCs used personal protective equipment (PPE) compared to Abuja. Regression analysis showed that the volume of waste collected by IWCs is influenced by the waste collection fees, method of waste transportation and distance between the collection points and disposal sites. It is therefore recommended that adequate provision of public stationary containers will encourage better waste disposal among the IWCs.","PeriodicalId":23413,"journal":{"name":"UNIOSUN Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84080303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.36108/ujees/2202.40.0210
O. Adegoke, F.D. Fadeyi
It has been observed that real estate assets stay for a reasonably long period of time in the market before it was actually sold. This study therefore, examined the impacts of property features on time-on-market (TOM) of real estate assets in Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria. The study administered 65 questionnaires on estate firms actively involved in the sales of real estate assets in the study area. Information on property features and TOM of completed sales transactions were collected from 149 transactions. Data were collected and analysed using cross tabulation and regression analysis. The study revealed that there is a strong significant (0.05 level) relationship between TOM of real estate asset and title document, location condition and asset class while there is no significant relationship between TOM and repair condition, level of finishing, property description and property location. However, the result of regression analysis revealed that repair condition, asset class and title document are the only property features that have positive impacts on TOM. The study recommends that property developers should take notice of the identified property features that influence TOM of real estate assets which could improve the marketability of their assets and decrease the TOM of real estate asset..
{"title":"The Impacts of Property Features on Time on Market of Real Estate Assets in Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria","authors":"O. Adegoke, F.D. Fadeyi","doi":"10.36108/ujees/2202.40.0210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/ujees/2202.40.0210","url":null,"abstract":"It has been observed that real estate assets stay for a reasonably long period of time in the market before it was actually sold. This study therefore, examined the impacts of property features on time-on-market (TOM) of real estate assets in Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria. The study administered 65 questionnaires on estate firms actively involved in the sales of real estate assets in the study area. Information on property features and TOM of completed sales transactions were collected from 149 transactions. Data were collected and analysed using cross tabulation and regression analysis. The study revealed that there is a strong significant (0.05 level) relationship between TOM of real estate asset and title document, location condition and asset class while there is no significant relationship between TOM and repair condition, level of finishing, property description and property location. However, the result of regression analysis revealed that repair condition, asset class and title document are the only property features that have positive impacts on TOM. The study recommends that property developers should take notice of the identified property features that influence TOM of real estate assets which could improve the marketability of their assets and decrease the TOM of real estate asset..","PeriodicalId":23413,"journal":{"name":"UNIOSUN Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86800759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.36108/ujees/2202.40.0250
S. Okanlawon, O. Odunjo, Y. Gbotoso, J. Abolade
This study examined socio-economic correlates of courtyard utilisation in the indigenous residential areas of Nigeria. Three cities: Zaria, Ibadan and Owerri, representing the three dominant ethnic groups (Hausa, Yoruba and Igbo) in Nigeria were selected by stratification. Nine Local Government Areas (Zaria 1; Ibadan 5; Owerri 3) comprising the core residential areas in the cities were randomly selected. Random sampling technique was also employed to select 730 household heads for questionnaire administration. Spearman’s rho Correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationship between socioeconomic characteristics of courtyard users and courtyard utilisation in houses. Results revealed that both marital status and age had low correlation with courtyard utilisation with correlation coefficients of 0.271 and 0.253 respectively and p=0.000 in both cases, implying there are low but significant positive correlation between marital status, age and courtyard utilisation. Education and courtyard utilisation had correlation coefficient (r) of -0.234; p=0.000, implying no significant relationship between education and courtyard utilisation. It was concluded that the relevance of socio-economic characteristics cannot be out rightly ignored in courtyard utilisation in houses of the study area. Socio-economic characteristics should therefore be factored into design of courtyards for any residential building.
{"title":"Socio-Economic Correlates of Courtyard Utilisation in The Indigenous Residential Areas of Nigeria","authors":"S. Okanlawon, O. Odunjo, Y. Gbotoso, J. Abolade","doi":"10.36108/ujees/2202.40.0250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/ujees/2202.40.0250","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined socio-economic correlates of courtyard utilisation in the indigenous residential areas of Nigeria. Three cities: Zaria, Ibadan and Owerri, representing the three dominant ethnic groups (Hausa, Yoruba and Igbo) in Nigeria were selected by stratification. Nine Local Government Areas (Zaria 1; Ibadan 5; Owerri 3) comprising the core residential areas in the cities were randomly selected. Random sampling technique was also employed to select 730 household heads for questionnaire administration. Spearman’s rho Correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationship between socioeconomic characteristics of courtyard users and courtyard utilisation in houses. Results revealed that both marital status and age had low correlation with courtyard utilisation with correlation coefficients of 0.271 and 0.253 respectively and p=0.000 in both cases, implying there are low but significant positive correlation between marital status, age and courtyard utilisation. Education and courtyard utilisation had correlation coefficient (r) of -0.234; p=0.000, implying no significant relationship between education and courtyard utilisation. It was concluded that the relevance of socio-economic characteristics cannot be out rightly ignored in courtyard utilisation in houses of the study area. Socio-economic characteristics should therefore be factored into design of courtyards for any residential building.","PeriodicalId":23413,"journal":{"name":"UNIOSUN Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"87 24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84046753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.36108/ujees/2202.40.0132
O. Oladepo
Integration of distributed generation on power distribution system impacts the network for improved voltage stability and power quality. However, inaccurate sizing and placement of the energy sources can worsen the network performance. This paper proposes a hybrid particle swarm optimization/whale optimization algorithm for the optimal placement of different distribution generation types on a power network. Standalone metaheuristics are efficient and robust optimization tools but are mostly challenged with convergence and sub-optimal solutions. The exploration potential of particle swarm optimization with the selection of higher inertial weight is annexed with the exploitation phase of the whale optimization algorithm. The proposed technique is verified on IEEE 33 – bus distribution system. Results show 86.12% and 89.84% improvement in voltage deviation for Type I and Type III DG injection respectively. Besides, the convergence is achieved in less than 50 iterations compared to standalone methods.
{"title":"Single and Multiple Placements of Different DG Types On the Power Distribution System","authors":"O. Oladepo","doi":"10.36108/ujees/2202.40.0132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/ujees/2202.40.0132","url":null,"abstract":"Integration of distributed generation on power distribution system impacts the network for improved voltage stability and power quality. However, inaccurate sizing and placement of the energy sources can worsen the network performance. This paper proposes a hybrid particle swarm optimization/whale optimization algorithm for the optimal placement of different distribution generation types on a power network. Standalone metaheuristics are efficient and robust optimization tools but are mostly challenged with convergence and sub-optimal solutions. The exploration potential of particle swarm optimization with the selection of higher inertial weight is annexed with the exploitation phase of the whale optimization algorithm. The proposed technique is verified on IEEE 33 – bus distribution system. Results show 86.12% and 89.84% improvement in voltage deviation for Type I and Type III DG injection respectively. Besides, the convergence is achieved in less than 50 iterations compared to standalone methods.","PeriodicalId":23413,"journal":{"name":"UNIOSUN Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73507864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.36108/ujees/2202.40.0170
M. L. Suleiman
The objective of this study is to develop a tractor-powered manure spreader for various types of manure to facilitate manure spreading operation, reduce human drudgery and improve manure application uniformity for optimum crop growth. A rotating disc manure spreader was therefore developed to replace manual manure application and substitute the costly imported spreaders that are beyond the reach of an average Nigerian farmer. Major components of the spreader are hopper, agitator, spreading disc, flow rate control mechanism, frame, power transmission unit, and gear box. The spreader was evaluated both in the field and laboratory using cow dung. Laboratory test was conducted to determine the output [quantity in kilogram disposed per hour (kg/h)] at 3 levels of flowrate (F1 = 15 cm, F2 = 30 cm and F3 = 45 cm) and 3 levels of disc peripheral speed at a stationary position. For the field evaluation, moisture content of manure was measured using the dry weight method; weights of 40 kg dung was measured and used for each experiment on a 100 m x 25 m field to determine the machine efficiency and effective field capacity. Results obtained show that the effective field capacity, effective width, efficiency of the spreader and spreading capacity ranges from 4.4-9.8 ha/hr, 7.5–10.4 m, 60.8-89.4 %, 1070-3938 1kg/hr, respectively. Manure application rate ranges from 3011.3-4082.1 kg/ha and Machine efficiency was 89.4%. Similarly, maximum spreading width, machine efficiency and effective field capacity were 9 m, 82.61%, and 9.8 ha/hr respectively. The cost of production of the designed manure spreader was N165,440.00.
{"title":"Development and Performance Evaluation of a Tractor Powered Solid Manure Spreader","authors":"M. L. Suleiman","doi":"10.36108/ujees/2202.40.0170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/ujees/2202.40.0170","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study is to develop a tractor-powered manure spreader for various types of manure to facilitate manure spreading operation, reduce human drudgery and improve manure application uniformity for optimum crop growth. A rotating disc manure spreader was therefore developed to replace manual manure application and substitute the costly imported spreaders that are beyond the reach of an average Nigerian farmer. Major components of the spreader are hopper, agitator, spreading disc, flow rate control mechanism, frame, power transmission unit, and gear box. The spreader was evaluated both in the field and laboratory using cow dung. Laboratory test was conducted to determine the output [quantity in kilogram disposed per hour (kg/h)] at 3 levels of flowrate (F1 = 15 cm, F2 = 30 cm and F3 = 45 cm) and 3 levels of disc peripheral speed at a stationary position. For the field evaluation, moisture content of manure was measured using the dry weight method; weights of 40 kg dung was measured and used for each experiment on a 100 m x 25 m field to determine the machine efficiency and effective field capacity. Results obtained show that the effective field capacity, effective width, efficiency of the spreader and spreading capacity ranges from 4.4-9.8 ha/hr, 7.5–10.4 m, 60.8-89.4 %, 1070-3938 1kg/hr, respectively. Manure application rate ranges from 3011.3-4082.1 kg/ha and Machine efficiency was 89.4%. Similarly, maximum spreading width, machine efficiency and effective field capacity were 9 m, 82.61%, and 9.8 ha/hr respectively. The cost of production of the designed manure spreader was N165,440.00.","PeriodicalId":23413,"journal":{"name":"UNIOSUN Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"152 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75999066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.36108/ujees/2202.40.0190
J. Olaitan
This study was designed to investigate the microbiological safety of irrigation water along with waste effluents and their impact on vegetables. Irrigation water samples situated amongst hospital, abattoir and petrol station were aseptically collected with fresh vegetables simultaneously. Physicochemical, microbiological and molecular studies were carried out using standard methods. The result of the physicochemical analysis shows that the irrigation water samples temperature ranged from 23.4-24.8oC while the pH ranged from 7.24-7.51. The bacterial count of isolates showed that the water samples were highly contaminated with microbial count ranging from 9×102 to 151×104cfu/ml which has exceeded the WHO microbial count recommendation for potable water (10×103cfu/ml). Organisms isolated from both water and vegetable samples were all pathogenic. Antimicrobial susceptibility test results showed that all the isolates were susceptible to cefepime and oxacillin while 60% of the isolates were multidrug resistant. Aeromonas taiwanensis was recovered from both the water and vegetable samples. This however calls for huge attention as Aeromonas species are potential pathogenic organisms that can be isolated from both clinical and polluted environmental samples such as wounds, petrol and abattoir litters. Therefore, it can be concluded that wastewater effluents should not be channeled directly into surface water bodies without prior safety treatments.
{"title":"Microbiological Assessment of Irrigation Water That Serves as Watershed for Wastewater in Osogbo and Its Impact on Fresh Vegetables","authors":"J. Olaitan","doi":"10.36108/ujees/2202.40.0190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/ujees/2202.40.0190","url":null,"abstract":"This study was designed to investigate the microbiological safety of irrigation water along with waste effluents and their impact on vegetables. Irrigation water samples situated amongst hospital, abattoir and petrol station were aseptically collected with fresh vegetables simultaneously. Physicochemical, microbiological and molecular studies were carried out using standard methods. The result of the physicochemical analysis shows that the irrigation water samples temperature ranged from 23.4-24.8oC while the pH ranged from 7.24-7.51. The bacterial count of isolates showed that the water samples were highly contaminated with microbial count ranging from 9×102 to 151×104cfu/ml which has exceeded the WHO microbial count recommendation for potable water (10×103cfu/ml). Organisms isolated from both water and vegetable samples were all pathogenic. Antimicrobial susceptibility test results showed that all the isolates were susceptible to cefepime and oxacillin while 60% of the isolates were multidrug resistant. Aeromonas taiwanensis was recovered from both the water and vegetable samples. This however calls for huge attention as Aeromonas species are potential pathogenic organisms that can be isolated from both clinical and polluted environmental samples such as wounds, petrol and abattoir litters. Therefore, it can be concluded that wastewater effluents should not be channeled directly into surface water bodies without prior safety treatments.","PeriodicalId":23413,"journal":{"name":"UNIOSUN Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77385997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.36108/ujees/2202.40.0150
C. O. Ogunnigbo
Energy from wind is observed to be among the most viable renewable energy sources due to its minimal cost in comparison with other sources. Hence, wind energy has an advantage over fossil-fired power plants. Airfoil aerodynamic efficiency is highly important for wind turbine aerodynamic efficiency. The study determined the aerodynamic characteristics of two symmetrical NACA 4-digit airfoils; NACA 0008 and 0020. Comparisons were made in the characteristics of the airfoils, in order to further understand and compare forces at different angle of attack. The coordinates for each airfoil were developed and simulation carried out using ANSYS CFX after generating a mesh and selecting boundary conditions. The results showed that symmetrical NACA 0008 experienced high lift at each angle of attack than NACA 0020. NACA 0020 had some fraction of lift over NACA 0008 only at angle of attack. NACA 0008 appears to be the better of the two airfoils, having greater lift at each angle of attack which encourages its application in wind turbine.
{"title":"Comparative Study on the Aerodynamic Characteristics of National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) 0008 and 0020 Series","authors":"C. O. Ogunnigbo","doi":"10.36108/ujees/2202.40.0150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/ujees/2202.40.0150","url":null,"abstract":"Energy from wind is observed to be among the most viable renewable energy sources due to its minimal cost in comparison with other sources. Hence, wind energy has an advantage over fossil-fired power plants. Airfoil aerodynamic efficiency is highly important for wind turbine aerodynamic efficiency. The study determined the aerodynamic characteristics of two symmetrical NACA 4-digit airfoils; NACA 0008 and 0020. Comparisons were made in the characteristics of the airfoils, in order to further understand and compare forces at different angle of attack. The coordinates for each airfoil were developed and simulation carried out using ANSYS CFX after generating a mesh and selecting boundary conditions. The results showed that symmetrical NACA 0008 experienced high lift at each angle of attack than NACA 0020. NACA 0020 had some fraction of lift over NACA 0008 only at angle of attack. NACA 0008 appears to be the better of the two airfoils, having greater lift at each angle of attack which encourages its application in wind turbine.","PeriodicalId":23413,"journal":{"name":"UNIOSUN Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"13 s4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91415765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.36108/ujees/2202.40.0160
A. Saleh
Food production for the ever growing population without damaging the soil quality, fertility and productivity is a major challenge in the present agriculture scenario. The objective of this study was to determine selected soil properties of Samaru-Zaria that would be used in tillage research in order to address the problem of inadequacy of local design data and unsuitability and inadaptability of agricultural implements used in the area. Soil samples collected from different points in the field were analyzed for moisture content, bulk density, organic matter content, texture and particle size in the laboratory for the purpose of selecting suitable agricultural machines for land preparation and profitable crop production. Results obtained showed that the soil is loam, moisture content varies from 8.40 – 15.11%, bulk density varies from 1.62 g/cm3 from the shallow soil layer to 1.77 g/cm3 at deeper depth 15 – 20 cm and beyond, down the soil profile. Similarly, organic matter varies from 4.207 % by weight at 0 – 10 cm, 1.660 % between 10 – 15 cm and 0.652 % from 15 – 20 cm depths of the soil profile. Knowledge of soil type and its properties present in the soil profile would assist the designer in selecting the appropriate materials to be used in manufacturing the land preparation equipment.
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