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Retrograde cricopharyngeal dysfunction is a recently defined syndrome characterized by the inability to burp, abdominal bloating, chest discomfort, and social limitations. Diagnosis is made from clinical history, supported by exclusion of other conditions. Botulinum toxin injection into the cricopharyngeal muscle offers both immediate and long-term relief in most patients. This review presents the current knowledge from the Danish treating centres and aims to raise awareness among clinicians to improve patient referral and care.

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a metabolic encephalopathy caused by liver failure and/or portosystemic shunting. A 68-year-old male developed HE and CT demonstrated cirrhosis and an unusual large portosystemic shunt between the umbilical and femoral vein. He underwent interventional percutaneous embolisation of the shunt, leading to the resolution of HE.

Chronic obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common disease in Denmark but is still grossly underdiagnosed. This is concerning, as OSA predisposes to serious conditions such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and early death. Awareness of OSA and identification of patients suspected of OSA is of utmost importance in order to initiate relevant treatment and prevent long-term morbidity and mortality. Primary treatment of OSA in Denmark is continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), while surgery and mandibular advancement devices are the first choice for selected patients and should always be considered for patients who fail CPAP treatment, as argued in this review.

Nasal dermoid cysts are rare congenital anomalies that may cause recurrent infections and have the potential for intracranial extension. In this case, a six-year-old boy presented with fever, nasal swelling, and periorbital oedema. A pit found on the nasal tip raised suspicion of a dermoid cyst. MRI confirmed a dermoid cyst and furthermore showed intracranial extension. Surgery was performed at a tertiary unit in a joint venture by ENT and neurosurgery teams. Dermoid cysts should be considered in recurrent nasal infections, especially if a pit is seen between the glabella and columella.

Autoimmune progesterone dermatitis (APD) is a rare, cyclic condition triggered by sensitisation to exogenous and/or endogenous progesterone. In this case report, we present a 44-year-old woman with presumed primary sensitisation from an intrauterine device, followed by cross-reactivity to endogenous progesterone. The patient experienced significant symptom relief following treatment with omalizumab. In conclusion, APD is diagnostically challenging due to its variable presentation, but treatment with omalizumab has shown promising results.

Transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR-CM) is an infiltrative cardiomyopathy caused by the deposition of amyloid fibrils, leading to heart failure, arrhythmias, and increased mortality. ATTR-CM prevalence is rising. The first disease-modifying drugs have been approved and implemented in Denmark. Additional treatments slowing ATTR-CM progression are pending introduction into clinical practice. Treatments halting or even reversing progression are currently being investigated in clinical trials. The new therapies will significantly improve ATTR-CM-associated morbidity and mortality, as argued in this review.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is considered to be a heterogeneous disease with different molecular subtypes based on the expression status of mismatch repair (MMR) e.g. It is well known that tumours with mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) are associated with better prognosis, as well as a more effective response to immunotherapy. In this case report, a patient is diagnosed with three new dMMR tumors in the colon 3,5 years after successful treatment with immunotherapy for metastatic CRC. Until now, retreatment with immunotherapy has not been described in the literature, and this case report describes the advantages and disadvantages from this perspective.