This report is centered upon a pilot research carried out to assess, from a methodological perspective, the mediating effect of self-efficacy on the relationship between work-family conflict, family-work conflict and organizational citizenship behavior among university academicians in Northern Nigeria. The goal of the pilot study was to assess the viability, length of time, cost, and negative consequences of self-efficacy on the long-term survival of OCB among universities in Nigeria with the aim of improving the questionnaire's design before it’s full implementation. Three experts from Management, Accounting, and Strategic Management carried out an evaluation of the research instrument, with the goal of ensuring that the questionnaires were consistent so that responders would not have problems while filling them out. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA); which checks for reliability, and the Cronbach alpha values, were used to analyze the content and face validity of the instrument, using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) Version 26. The model's components and elements used in this study were all derived from earlier research. A sample size of 36 respondents was used in this study. These respondents were drawn from several Universities from across northern Nigeria. According to the data, all of the constructs in the model had a Cronbach alpha value of greater than 0.7. Consequently, all of the instrument's components were kept. This research is vital in contributing to literature on methodological multivariate studies, quantitative OCB research, and university’s long-term growth and survival.
本报告以一项试点研究为中心，从方法论的角度评估自我效能感对尼日利亚北部大学院士工作-家庭冲突、家庭-工作冲突和组织公民行为之间关系的中介作用。试点研究的目的是评估自我效能感对尼日利亚大学组织公民行为长期生存的可行性、时间长度、成本和负面影响，目的是在全面实施之前改进问卷的设计。来自管理、会计和战略管理的三位专家对研究工具进行了评估，目的是确保问卷的一致性，以便响应者在填写时不会遇到问题。探索性因子分析;使用社会科学统计软件包(SPSS) Version 26，使用Cronbach alpha值来分析仪器的内容和面效度。本研究中使用的模型成分和元素均来源于早期的研究。本研究使用了36名受访者的样本。这些受访者来自尼日利亚北部的几所大学。数据显示，模型中所有构式的Cronbach alpha值均大于0.7。因此，仪器的所有部件都被保留了下来。本研究对方法学多变量研究、定量OCB研究以及大学的长期发展和生存具有重要意义。
{"title":"Instrument for Testing Organizational Citizenship Behavior among University Lecturers in Nigeria: A Pilot Study","authors":"Ibrahim Toro Lawal, Ida Md Yasin, S. A. Wahab","doi":"10.30560/jems.v5n1p45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30560/jems.v5n1p45","url":null,"abstract":"This report is centered upon a pilot research carried out to assess, from a methodological perspective, the mediating effect of self-efficacy on the relationship between work-family conflict, family-work conflict and organizational citizenship behavior among university academicians in Northern Nigeria. The goal of the pilot study was to assess the viability, length of time, cost, and negative consequences of self-efficacy on the long-term survival of OCB among universities in Nigeria with the aim of improving the questionnaire's design before it’s full implementation. Three experts from Management, Accounting, and Strategic Management carried out an evaluation of the research instrument, with the goal of ensuring that the questionnaires were consistent so that responders would not have problems while filling them out. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA); which checks for reliability, and the Cronbach alpha values, were used to analyze the content and face validity of the instrument, using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) Version 26. The model's components and elements used in this study were all derived from earlier research. A sample size of 36 respondents was used in this study. These respondents were drawn from several Universities from across northern Nigeria. According to the data, all of the constructs in the model had a Cronbach alpha value of greater than 0.7. Consequently, all of the instrument's components were kept. This research is vital in contributing to literature on methodological multivariate studies, quantitative OCB research, and university’s long-term growth and survival.","PeriodicalId":234310,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economics and Management Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129891087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Capitalizing on the potential of Farm Tourism as a catalyst for community development and an alternative source of income for farmers, the study was conducted to assess the status and challenges faced by agricultural communities in the town of Hermosa, Province of Bataan, Philippines to generate information to evaluate the tourism prospects of its farm sites. The study made use of an embedded mixed-methods design to assess the farms quantitatively and determine the status and challenges in farming as experienced by the farmers. It was revealed that farm sites with the highest potential to be farm tourism destinations bearing scenic landscapes and cultural value are located in upland areas, mostly privately owned ranging from 1 to 4 hectares in size with variable harvest seasons applying the traditional way of farming. Accessibility is subject to the specific area, with minimal access to basic utilities and site facilities but with provisions for development. Emerging themes as to the status and challenges faced by farmers are inadequacy of resources; fluctuating productivity; vulnerability of the quality of produce and profit unpredictability. Farm Communities may work together with the Government to maximize and exhaust their fullest potential to generate alternative sources of livelihood through Tourism while maintaining food security.
{"title":"Assessment of the Status and Prospects of Agricultural Communities: Input to Support Commercialization and Farm-Tourism Promotion Schemes","authors":"Leslie R. Jorge-Acain","doi":"10.30560/jems.v5n2p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30560/jems.v5n2p1","url":null,"abstract":"Capitalizing on the potential of Farm Tourism as a catalyst for community development and an alternative source of income for farmers, the study was conducted to assess the status and challenges faced by agricultural communities in the town of Hermosa, Province of Bataan, Philippines to generate information to evaluate the tourism prospects of its farm sites. The study made use of an embedded mixed-methods design to assess the farms quantitatively and determine the status and challenges in farming as experienced by the farmers. It was revealed that farm sites with the highest potential to be farm tourism destinations bearing scenic landscapes and cultural value are located in upland areas, mostly privately owned ranging from 1 to 4 hectares in size with variable harvest seasons applying the traditional way of farming. Accessibility is subject to the specific area, with minimal access to basic utilities and site facilities but with provisions for development. Emerging themes as to the status and challenges faced by farmers are inadequacy of resources; fluctuating productivity; vulnerability of the quality of produce and profit unpredictability. Farm Communities may work together with the Government to maximize and exhaust their fullest potential to generate alternative sources of livelihood through Tourism while maintaining food security.","PeriodicalId":234310,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economics and Management Sciences","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129508583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In a modern society with high population density, consumers usually face crowded consumption environment. Meanwhile, the choices they can make are more and more abundant. Is there any correlation between social crowdedness and the preference for different types of products? This research investigates whether social crowdedness, defined as the number of people in a given area—impacts consumers’ propensity to choose functional products rather than hedonic products. We propose that social crowdedness increases the likelihood of preference for functional products rather than hedonic products. This effect occurs because density settings make consumers experience a loss of perceived control, which in turn makes them engage in interpretive cognition, exhibit a desire for structured and meaningful products, and practical function of the product as a compensatory method to help them regain control. Two studies provide support for this hypothesis. Study 1 confirms the relationship between social crowdedness and the product type preference. Study 2 examined the mediating role of perceived control as the underlying mechanism, which is, social crowdedness gives rise to a feeling of loss of perceived control, to fill up this, consumers seek products with more practical and useful function feature rather than hedonic and pleasure-oriented products as compensation to fill the gap. This study expands the research in the fields of social crowdedness from consumer behavioral perspectives. Also, the research may contribute to the marketing planning of different types of commodities in various environments.
{"title":"The Effect of Social Crowdedness on Preference for Utilitarian Products","authors":"Xi Chen, Ting-Ying Yang","doi":"10.30560/jems.v5n1p34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30560/jems.v5n1p34","url":null,"abstract":"In a modern society with high population density, consumers usually face crowded consumption environment. Meanwhile, the choices they can make are more and more abundant. Is there any correlation between social crowdedness and the preference for different types of products? \u0000This research investigates whether social crowdedness, defined as the number of people in a given area—impacts consumers’ propensity to choose functional products rather than hedonic products. We propose that social crowdedness increases the likelihood of preference for functional products rather than hedonic products. This effect occurs because density settings make consumers experience a loss of perceived control, which in turn makes them engage in interpretive cognition, exhibit a desire for structured and meaningful products, and practical function of the product as a compensatory method to help them regain control. \u0000Two studies provide support for this hypothesis. Study 1 confirms the relationship between social crowdedness and the product type preference. Study 2 examined the mediating role of perceived control as the underlying mechanism, which is, social crowdedness gives rise to a feeling of loss of perceived control, to fill up this, consumers seek products with more practical and useful function feature rather than hedonic and pleasure-oriented products as compensation to fill the gap. \u0000This study expands the research in the fields of social crowdedness from consumer behavioral perspectives. Also, the research may contribute to the marketing planning of different types of commodities in various environments.","PeriodicalId":234310,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economics and Management Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125325922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Based on the relevant theoretical research on mortality salience and general self-efficacy, this paper tests the impact of mortality salience on uncertain consumption intention through experiments. It is found that mortality salience increases consumers’ preference to choose uncertain probabilistic promotion methods, but decreases individuals’ evaluation of new products. During the process above, the moderating effect of general self-efficacy was tested. Based on the results, this study provides specific suggestions on the marketing and product strategies in the context of mortality salience.
{"title":"Uncertain Consumption Preference under Mortality Salience","authors":"Xi Chen, Zhixin Zhan","doi":"10.30560/jems.v5n1p16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30560/jems.v5n1p16","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the relevant theoretical research on mortality salience and general self-efficacy, this paper tests the impact of mortality salience on uncertain consumption intention through experiments. It is found that mortality salience increases consumers’ preference to choose uncertain probabilistic promotion methods, but decreases individuals’ evaluation of new products. During the process above, the moderating effect of general self-efficacy was tested. Based on the results, this study provides specific suggestions on the marketing and product strategies in the context of mortality salience.","PeriodicalId":234310,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economics and Management Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114631181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In today's increasingly prosperous Internet economy, online brand communities are playing an increasingly important role in marketing. This paper starts with customer participation and studies its relationship with customer innovation behavior. Existing research shows that customers' sense of identity with brand community will make them have more innovative behaviors. Therefore, this paper explores the mediating role of identity (brand identity and community identity) in the relationship between customer participation and customer innovation. The research results show that customer participation has a positive impact on customer innovation behavior, brand identity and community identity have a positive impact on customer innovation behavior, and brand identity and community identity play an intermediary role in customer participation and customer innovation behavior, that is, customer participation can generate more customer innovation behaviors by strengthening brand identity and community identity.
{"title":"Investigating the Impact of Customer Engagement on Customer Innovation Behaviors in Online Brand Communities","authors":"Xi Chen, Genyuan Zhang","doi":"10.30560/jems.v5n1p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30560/jems.v5n1p1","url":null,"abstract":"In today's increasingly prosperous Internet economy, online brand communities are playing an increasingly important role in marketing. This paper starts with customer participation and studies its relationship with customer innovation behavior. Existing research shows that customers' sense of identity with brand community will make them have more innovative behaviors. Therefore, this paper explores the mediating role of identity (brand identity and community identity) in the relationship between customer participation and customer innovation. The research results show that customer participation has a positive impact on customer innovation behavior, brand identity and community identity have a positive impact on customer innovation behavior, and brand identity and community identity play an intermediary role in customer participation and customer innovation behavior, that is, customer participation can generate more customer innovation behaviors by strengthening brand identity and community identity.","PeriodicalId":234310,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economics and Management Sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129183539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maize is the leading food crop produced in most parts of the world and a staple food crop in Kenya. Majority of the maize farmers are smallholders due to reduced land sizes as a result of land fragmentation. Maize farming is rain-fed making it more vulnerable to rainfall variability. Over the years, the farmers have increased their resilience and adaptive potential through indigenous knowledge so as to cope with the climate related risks. However, the increasing rainfall variability, frequency and more severe shocks likely surpass their current adaptive strategies. The study assessed existing adaptive strategies of the small-holder maize farmers in Kieni East sub-County in Nyeri Couny to the seasonal rainfall variability effects. The research adopted a mixed research design. Data was obtained from primary and secondary sources. Primary data was obtained using household structured questionnaires. Data was analyzed using descriptive methods and presented using charts and tables. SWOT analysis analyzed several underlying aspects affecting maize farmers in the sub-County. The study found that the farmers have several specific adaptive strategies to the effects of seasonal rainfall variability at their disposal which include but not limited to the use of varieties of maize seeds, seeking training, water harvesting, use of manure and fertilizers. Farmers also respond to rainfall variability by planting maize varieties that are early maturing and drought resistant as well as engaging in alternative farming activities and other economic activities.
{"title":"Assessment of Smallholder Farmers’ Adaptive Strategies on the Effects of Seasonal Rainfall Variability on Maize Yields in Nyeri County","authors":"Lilly N. Kabata, G. L. Makokha, K. Obiero","doi":"10.30560/jems.v4n4p70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30560/jems.v4n4p70","url":null,"abstract":"Maize is the leading food crop produced in most parts of the world and a staple food crop in Kenya. Majority of the maize farmers are smallholders due to reduced land sizes as a result of land fragmentation. Maize farming is rain-fed making it more vulnerable to rainfall variability. Over the years, the farmers have increased their resilience and adaptive potential through indigenous knowledge so as to cope with the climate related risks. However, the increasing rainfall variability, frequency and more severe shocks likely surpass their current adaptive strategies. The study assessed existing adaptive strategies of the small-holder maize farmers in Kieni East sub-County in Nyeri Couny to the seasonal rainfall variability effects. The research adopted a mixed research design. Data was obtained from primary and secondary sources. Primary data was obtained using household structured questionnaires. Data was analyzed using descriptive methods and presented using charts and tables. SWOT analysis analyzed several underlying aspects affecting maize farmers in the sub-County. The study found that the farmers have several specific adaptive strategies to the effects of seasonal rainfall variability at their disposal which include but not limited to the use of varieties of maize seeds, seeking training, water harvesting, use of manure and fertilizers. Farmers also respond to rainfall variability by planting maize varieties that are early maturing and drought resistant as well as engaging in alternative farming activities and other economic activities.","PeriodicalId":234310,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economics and Management Sciences","volume":"248 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134068133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Ghulam Shabeer, Shoukat Riaz, Faheem Riaz
This study has chosen top three economies of the world to explore the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth by using annual data from 1985-2020. The results of ARDL approach shows that energy has a positive and significant impact on the economic growth of USA, China and Japan. Japan is the largest beneficiary in the short run as well in the long run, followed by USA and China.
{"title":"ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH NEXUS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF US, CHINA AND JAPAN","authors":"Muhammad Ghulam Shabeer, Shoukat Riaz, Faheem Riaz","doi":"10.52587/jems020205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52587/jems020205","url":null,"abstract":"This study has chosen top three economies of the world to explore the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth by using annual data from 1985-2020. The results of ARDL approach shows that energy has a positive and significant impact on the economic growth of USA, China and Japan. Japan is the largest beneficiary in the short run as well in the long run, followed by USA and China.","PeriodicalId":234310,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economics and Management Sciences","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127433363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research aims to investigate the nexus between urbanization environmental degradation and economic growth in BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa) economies. This relation is still under question. Some researcher shows positive affiliation of urbanization with economic growth and environmental degradation while some show negative. But truth is that urbanization environmental degradation and economic growth are correlated to each other. For the analysis, data is taken from the period 1990 to 2018. Two models are created the first model shows the urbanization nexus with economic growth and the second is showing the nexus of environmental degradation and economic growth. The GDP is the dependent variable in both model and independent variable are labor force participation rate, carbon dioxide emission, gross fixed capital formation, trade openness, exchange rate, school enrollment, real interest rate, urbanization growth, and poverty headcount. Annual data is collected from the world indicator file. To check the correlation between variables, panel co-integration analyses such as Pedroni co-integration test, and Kao residual co-integration tests are applied. Panel co-integration tests are employed on two models separately. Both FMOLS models estimated the relevance. A causality test is also applied. The concluding effect shows that in BRICS urbanization has a positive effect on economic growth and a negative effect of environmental degradation on economic growth. The current study base on the least considered variables panel cointegration test FMOLS technique is used.
{"title":"URBANIZATION, ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH NEXUS IN BRICS ECONOMIES","authors":"Hina Ali, N. Ejaz","doi":"10.52587/jems020202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52587/jems020202","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to investigate the nexus between urbanization environmental degradation and economic growth in BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa) economies. This relation is still under question. Some researcher shows positive affiliation of urbanization with economic growth and environmental degradation while some show negative. But truth is that urbanization environmental degradation and economic growth are correlated to each other. For the analysis, data is taken from the period 1990 to 2018. Two models are created the first model shows the urbanization nexus with economic growth and the second is showing the nexus of environmental degradation and economic growth. The GDP is the dependent variable in both model and independent variable are labor force participation rate, carbon dioxide emission, gross fixed capital formation, trade openness, exchange rate, school enrollment, real interest rate, urbanization growth, and poverty headcount. Annual data is collected from the world indicator file. To check the correlation between variables, panel co-integration analyses such as Pedroni co-integration test, and Kao residual co-integration tests are applied. Panel co-integration tests are employed on two models separately. Both FMOLS models estimated the relevance. A causality test is also applied. The concluding effect shows that in BRICS urbanization has a positive effect on economic growth and a negative effect of environmental degradation on economic growth. The current study base on the least considered variables panel cointegration test FMOLS technique is used.","PeriodicalId":234310,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economics and Management Sciences","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115322399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Importance to identifying how diversity affects individual and group productivity in todays globalized world is increasing. The purpose of this research lies in the phenomenon of diversity and further analysis of the impact that diversity has on the work environment. To conduct this research, I interviewed 20 managers and 30 employees of the banking sector regarding the composition of their staff with emphasis on diversity. The data were processed using the statistical analysis of SPSS program. Human resources have positively influenced the increase of success, productivity and has eased problem solving, bettered performance, training, salary, and diversity of employees. This study will have practical significance in the easier approach of problems in human resource management and their motivation.
{"title":"The Role of Diversity in Company Productivity: The Case of the Bank Sector in Kosovo","authors":"Bardha Mulhaxha, Berim Ramosaj","doi":"10.30560/jems.v4n4p63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30560/jems.v4n4p63","url":null,"abstract":"Importance to identifying how diversity affects individual and group productivity in todays globalized world is increasing. The purpose of this research lies in the phenomenon of diversity and further analysis of the impact that diversity has on the work environment. To conduct this research, I interviewed 20 managers and 30 employees of the banking sector regarding the composition of their staff with emphasis on diversity. The data were processed using the statistical analysis of SPSS program. Human resources have positively influenced the increase of success, productivity and has eased problem solving, bettered performance, training, salary, and diversity of employees. This study will have practical significance in the easier approach of problems in human resource management and their motivation.","PeriodicalId":234310,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economics and Management Sciences","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115339260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Magsi, M. Memon, Muazzam Sabir, Inayatullah Magsi, Nadeem Anwar
This study investigates the income elasticity of health in rural areas of Pakistan. It was conducted during 2019-20 to find out the responsiveness of health expenses proportionate to the earnings of rural people of the country. Multistage sampling technique was used for data collection from 180 respondents from two districts, i.e., Toba Tek Singh district from Punjab province and Tando Allahyar district from Sindh province. The respondents were categorized into three income groups – low, medium, and high – and were interviewed to find out that what portion of income of each group is being directly or indirectly on their health and wellness. The findings show that the low, medium, and high-income groups were spending about 17.7, 7.7 and 4.2 percent of their income on health and wellness, respectively. Further, it was observed that with the increase of income, the low income group will spend another 8.8 percent on health as compared to the medium, and high-income groups, who will lower the expenses on health by 0.6 and 0.09 percent, respectively. Due to large family size i.e., 9.7 persons per family, most of them were unable to fulfill the basic nutritional requirements in daily food. Moreover, in case of emergency, low-income group either uses home-made medicines (totkas) or pays visits to the unauthorized doctors called hakeem. While medium and high-income groups prefer to visit the private hospitals, due to insufficient healthcare facilities at the public hospitals.
本研究调查了巴基斯坦农村地区医疗保健的收入弹性。该调查于2019- 2020年进行，旨在了解与该国农村人口收入成比例的医疗费用响应情况。采用多阶段抽样技术从旁遮普省的Toba Tek Singh县和信德省的Tando Allahyar县两个地区的180名受访者中收集数据。受访者被分为低、中、高三个收入群体，并接受了采访，以了解每个群体的收入中有多少部分直接或间接影响到他们的健康和福祉。调查结果显示，低收入、中等收入和高收入群体分别将约17.7%、7.7%和4.2%的收入用于健康和保健。另外，随着收入的增加，低收入阶层的保健费用将比中高收入阶层的保健费用分别减少0.6%和0.09%，增加8.8%。由于家庭规模大，每户9.7人，大多数人无法满足日常食物的基本营养需求。此外，在紧急情况下，低收入群体要么使用自制药物(totkas)，要么去看被称为hakeem的未经授权的医生。而中高收入人群则更愿意去私立医院就诊，因为公立医院的医疗设施不足。
{"title":"INCOME ELASTICITY OF HOUSEHOLD’S HEALTH AND WELLNESS IN RURAL PAKISTAN","authors":"H. Magsi, M. Memon, Muazzam Sabir, Inayatullah Magsi, Nadeem Anwar","doi":"10.52587/jems020204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52587/jems020204","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the income elasticity of health in rural areas of Pakistan. It was conducted during 2019-20 to find out the responsiveness of health expenses proportionate to the earnings of rural people of the country. Multistage sampling technique was used for data collection from 180 respondents from two districts, i.e., Toba Tek Singh district from Punjab province and Tando Allahyar district from Sindh province. The respondents were categorized into three income groups – low, medium, and high – and were interviewed to find out that what portion of income of each group is being directly or indirectly on their health and wellness. The findings show that the low, medium, and high-income groups were spending about 17.7, 7.7 and 4.2 percent of their income on health and wellness, respectively. Further, it was observed that with the increase of income, the low income group will spend another 8.8 percent on health as compared to the medium, and high-income groups, who will lower the expenses on health by 0.6 and 0.09 percent, respectively. Due to large family size i.e., 9.7 persons per family, most of them were unable to fulfill the basic nutritional requirements in daily food. Moreover, in case of emergency, low-income group either uses home-made medicines (totkas) or pays visits to the unauthorized doctors called hakeem. While medium and high-income groups prefer to visit the private hospitals, due to insufficient healthcare facilities at the public hospitals.","PeriodicalId":234310,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economics and Management Sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122736759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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