Pub Date : 2016-08-01DOI: 10.13189/UJPA.2016.100404
K. J. V. Vlaenderen
Maxwell's Classical Electrodynamics (MCED) suffers several inconsistencies: (1) the Lorentz force law of MCED violates Newton's Third Law of Motion (N3LM) in case of stationary and divergent or convergent current distributions; (2) the general Jefimenko electric field solution of MCED shows two longitudinal far fields that are not waves; (3) the ratio of the electrodynamic energy-momentum of a charged sphere in uniform motion has an incorrect factor of . A consistent General Classical Electrodynamics (GCED) is presented that is based on Whittaker's reciprocal force law that satisfies N3LM. The Whittaker force is expressed as a scalar magnetic field force, added to the Lorentz force. GCED is consistent only if it is assumed that the electric potential velocity in vacuum, 'a', is much greater than 'c' (a ≫ c); GCED reduces to MCED, in case we assume a = c. Longitudinal electromagnetic waves and superluminal longitudinal electric potential waves are predicted. This theory has been verified by seemingly unrelated experiments, such as the detection of superluminal Coulomb fields and longitudinal Ampere forces, and has a wide range of electrical engineering applications.
{"title":"General Classical Electrodynamics","authors":"K. J. V. Vlaenderen","doi":"10.13189/UJPA.2016.100404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/UJPA.2016.100404","url":null,"abstract":"Maxwell's Classical Electrodynamics (MCED) suffers several inconsistencies: (1) the Lorentz force law of MCED violates Newton's Third Law of Motion (N3LM) in case of stationary and divergent or convergent current distributions; (2) the general Jefimenko electric field solution of MCED shows two longitudinal far fields that are not waves; (3) the ratio of the electrodynamic energy-momentum of a charged sphere in uniform motion has an incorrect factor of . A consistent General Classical Electrodynamics (GCED) is presented that is based on Whittaker's reciprocal force law that satisfies N3LM. The Whittaker force is expressed as a scalar magnetic field force, added to the Lorentz force. GCED is consistent only if it is assumed that the electric potential velocity in vacuum, 'a', is much greater than 'c' (a ≫ c); GCED reduces to MCED, in case we assume a = c. Longitudinal electromagnetic waves and superluminal longitudinal electric potential waves are predicted. This theory has been verified by seemingly unrelated experiments, such as the detection of superluminal Coulomb fields and longitudinal Ampere forces, and has a wide range of electrical engineering applications.","PeriodicalId":23443,"journal":{"name":"Universal Journal of Physics and Application","volume":"1 1","pages":"128-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78898697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.13189/UJPA.2016.100306
V. Krasnoholovets, Y. Zabulonov, Ihor Zolkin
We study both experimentally and theoretically the creation of a new physical entity, a particle in which the proton and electron form a stable pair with a tiny size typical for a nucleon. A new theoretical approach to study atomic, sub atomic and nuclear systems is suggested. In the framework of this new approach, which takes into account a submicroscopic concept of physics, we discuss similar experimental results of other researchers dealing with low energy nuclear reactions in a solid, plasma, sonofusion and the electrostatic field generated by piezocrystals. It is shown that the formation of sub atomic particles, which we name subatoms, involves an inerton cloud of an atom from the environment. The inerton cloud, as a carrier of mass, is absorbed by the electron and proton, which strongly couples these two particles in a new stable entity - the subhydrogen. Besides, we have generated a subhelium and argue the existence of subdeuterium. In addition to these subatoms there exist also nuclear pairs formed by a subatom with proton, deuteron and neutron.
{"title":"On the Nuclear Coupling of Proton and Electron","authors":"V. Krasnoholovets, Y. Zabulonov, Ihor Zolkin","doi":"10.13189/UJPA.2016.100306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/UJPA.2016.100306","url":null,"abstract":"We study both experimentally and theoretically the creation of a new physical entity, a particle in which the proton and electron form a stable pair with a tiny size typical for a nucleon. A new theoretical approach to study atomic, sub atomic and nuclear systems is suggested. In the framework of this new approach, which takes into account a submicroscopic concept of physics, we discuss similar experimental results of other researchers dealing with low energy nuclear reactions in a solid, plasma, sonofusion and the electrostatic field generated by piezocrystals. It is shown that the formation of sub atomic particles, which we name subatoms, involves an inerton cloud of an atom from the environment. The inerton cloud, as a carrier of mass, is absorbed by the electron and proton, which strongly couples these two particles in a new stable entity - the subhydrogen. Besides, we have generated a subhelium and argue the existence of subdeuterium. In addition to these subatoms there exist also nuclear pairs formed by a subatom with proton, deuteron and neutron.","PeriodicalId":23443,"journal":{"name":"Universal Journal of Physics and Application","volume":"25 1","pages":"90-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91279968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.13189/UJPA.2016.100304
Nagat Elkahwagy, A. Ismail, S. Maize, K. Mahmoud
By employing the diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) method, we test the success of the unpublished long-range corrected M06 (LC-M06) functional, compared to LC-BLYP functional, in improving the calculations of the ground and excited states energies for some 4f- and 5f-rare-earths at different values of the range separation parameter μ. It is found that LC-M06 functional performs well for both the ground and the excited states of 4f-lanthanides. In addition, our results reveal that the optimal value of μ for the ground state lies between 0.40-0.50 a.u. while a smaller optimal value μ =0.35 a.u. is found for the excited states. However, LC-BLYP ground and excited states results at the optimal value of μ seem to be the best for 5f-actinides.
{"title":"Diffusion Monte Carlo Calculations for Rare-earths: Applying the Long-range Corrected Scheme to Minnesota M06 Functional","authors":"Nagat Elkahwagy, A. Ismail, S. Maize, K. Mahmoud","doi":"10.13189/UJPA.2016.100304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/UJPA.2016.100304","url":null,"abstract":"By employing the diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) method, we test the success of the unpublished long-range corrected M06 (LC-M06) functional, compared to LC-BLYP functional, in improving the calculations of the ground and excited states energies for some 4f- and 5f-rare-earths at different values of the range separation parameter μ. It is found that LC-M06 functional performs well for both the ground and the excited states of 4f-lanthanides. In addition, our results reveal that the optimal value of μ for the ground state lies between 0.40-0.50 a.u. while a smaller optimal value μ =0.35 a.u. is found for the excited states. However, LC-BLYP ground and excited states results at the optimal value of μ seem to be the best for 5f-actinides.","PeriodicalId":23443,"journal":{"name":"Universal Journal of Physics and Application","volume":"34 1","pages":"80-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86312604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.13189/UJPA.2016.100301
O. Slepchenko, V. Bogorad, Y. Kyrylenko
This report focuses on assessment of radiation consequences of releases in accidents with spills of liquid radioactive materials in areas with forced ventilation. During the study, characteristic dependences between parameters of liquid radioactive materials and air exchange in areas with forced ventilation and associated radiation consequences were determined. The proposed approach is based on the theory of non-stationary heat and mass transfer in surface evaporation of liquid heated below the boiling temperature. The physical model includes: liquid radioactive material, steam-aerosol radioactive mixture, air of forced ventilation, airborne filters, and floor of the emergency area. The key aspects of the model are evaporation of liquid material, its removal with exhaust ventilation and partial trapping on airborne filters. It is considered that the steam-aerosol radioactive mixture is released to the environment after filters. The advantage of this model is the possibility to determine integral release of radionuclides to the environment and activity concentration of air in the emergency area at any moment after beginning of the accident, effective dose received by an adult during 14 days for a wide range of input thermodynamic and geometrical parameters, different operating modes of the ventilation system and different productivities of the filtering system. Results from assessment of radiation consequences for the selected accident are presented and the associated effect of filtering systems is analyzed.
{"title":"Evaluation of Radiation Consequences of Releases in Accidents with Spills of Liquid Radioactive Materials in Areas with Forced Ventilation","authors":"O. Slepchenko, V. Bogorad, Y. Kyrylenko","doi":"10.13189/UJPA.2016.100301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/UJPA.2016.100301","url":null,"abstract":"This report focuses on assessment of radiation consequences of releases in accidents with spills of liquid radioactive materials in areas with forced ventilation. During the study, characteristic dependences between parameters of liquid radioactive materials and air exchange in areas with forced ventilation and associated radiation consequences were determined. The proposed approach is based on the theory of non-stationary heat and mass transfer in surface evaporation of liquid heated below the boiling temperature. The physical model includes: liquid radioactive material, steam-aerosol radioactive mixture, air of forced ventilation, airborne filters, and floor of the emergency area. The key aspects of the model are evaporation of liquid material, its removal with exhaust ventilation and partial trapping on airborne filters. It is considered that the steam-aerosol radioactive mixture is released to the environment after filters. The advantage of this model is the possibility to determine integral release of radionuclides to the environment and activity concentration of air in the emergency area at any moment after beginning of the accident, effective dose received by an adult during 14 days for a wide range of input thermodynamic and geometrical parameters, different operating modes of the ventilation system and different productivities of the filtering system. Results from assessment of radiation consequences for the selected accident are presented and the associated effect of filtering systems is analyzed.","PeriodicalId":23443,"journal":{"name":"Universal Journal of Physics and Application","volume":"29 1","pages":"61-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88946633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.13189/UJPA.2016.100303
Q. Peng, Jie Zhang, C. Chou, Z. Gao
In this paper we discuss in detail the quantization of Landau energy levels of a strongly magnetized and completely degenerate relativistic electron gas in neutron stars. In particular, we focus on the Fermi energy dependence of the magnetic field for a relativistic electron gas in the superstrong magnetic field of magnetars. We would like to point out that some of the results concerning the microscopic number density of states of a strongly magnetized electron gas given by well known statistical physics text books are incorrect. The repeated use of these results in the last five decades probably seriously affects the physics of neutron stars and magnetars. The quantization of Landau energy levels is accurately delineated in terms of the Dirac -δ function. Relatively simple calculation shows that the Fermi energy of a relativistic electron gas in magnetars with superstrong magnetic fields (B>B cr , here B cr is the Landau critical magnetic field, B cr = 4.414 × 10 13 gauss ) increases with magnetic field strength as B 1/4 . On the basis of this simple but important new result we are leading naturally to propose a new mechanism for the production of high X-ray luminosity from magnetars.
{"title":"The Physics of Magnetars II - The Electron Fermi Energy of and the Origin of High X-ray Luminosity of Magnetars","authors":"Q. Peng, Jie Zhang, C. Chou, Z. Gao","doi":"10.13189/UJPA.2016.100303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/UJPA.2016.100303","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we discuss in detail the quantization of Landau energy levels of a strongly magnetized and completely degenerate relativistic electron gas in neutron stars. In particular, we focus on the Fermi energy dependence of the magnetic field for a relativistic electron gas in the superstrong magnetic field of magnetars. We would like to point out that some of the results concerning the microscopic number density of states of a strongly magnetized electron gas given by well known statistical physics text books are incorrect. The repeated use of these results in the last five decades probably seriously affects the physics of neutron stars and magnetars. The quantization of Landau energy levels is accurately delineated in terms of the Dirac -δ function. Relatively simple calculation shows that the Fermi energy of a relativistic electron gas in magnetars with superstrong magnetic fields (B>B cr , here B cr is the Landau critical magnetic field, B cr = 4.414 × 10 13 gauss ) increases with magnetic field strength as B 1/4 . On the basis of this simple but important new result we are leading naturally to propose a new mechanism for the production of high X-ray luminosity from magnetars.","PeriodicalId":23443,"journal":{"name":"Universal Journal of Physics and Application","volume":"21 1","pages":"72-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77997557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-01DOI: 10.13189/UJPA.2016.100205
B. Ovchinnikov, V. Parusov
The chamber for direct detection of WIMP with mass 2 and axions, emitted from the Sun was developed. The chamber is filled with gas mixture H 2 +3ppm TMAE (1,5,10 bar), or D 2 + 3ppm TMAE. These gas fillings allow to suppress the electron background. For detecting of events is used the system GEM+pin-anode with coefficient multiplication about 10 5 . In experiment it is necessary to search the early or daily modulation effects.
{"title":"Search for Low Mass WIMP and Axions, Emitted from the Sun","authors":"B. Ovchinnikov, V. Parusov","doi":"10.13189/UJPA.2016.100205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/UJPA.2016.100205","url":null,"abstract":"The chamber for direct detection of WIMP with mass 2 and axions, emitted from the Sun was developed. The chamber is filled with gas mixture H 2 +3ppm TMAE (1,5,10 bar), or D 2 + 3ppm TMAE. These gas fillings allow to suppress the electron background. For detecting of events is used the system GEM+pin-anode with coefficient multiplication about 10 5 . In experiment it is necessary to search the early or daily modulation effects.","PeriodicalId":23443,"journal":{"name":"Universal Journal of Physics and Application","volume":"54 6","pages":"58-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91481685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-01DOI: 10.13189/UJPA.2016.100204
Tolasa Tamasgen, S. Shewamare, G. Melese
In this paper, we studied the enhancement factor of local field for ellipsoidal metal composite, and optical induced bistability of metal/dielectric composites with in linear host matrixes. Using the calculated enhancement factor of local field and the cubic equation of the optical induced bistability of the composite material, the parameters of the bistability domain are calculated. The analytical and numerical results show that the enhancement factor of local field is extremely enhanced and the optical induced bistability increases its domain. It is shown that the local field in metal ellipsoidal particles with dielectric core in an external varying electric field has two maxima at two different frequencies. The second maximum becomes more important with increment in the metal fraction. At high metal fraction, the two bistability domains merge and form one entire bistability domain.
{"title":"Induced Optical Bistability in a Composite of Ellipsoidal Metal/Dielectric Nanoparticles of Dielectric Core","authors":"Tolasa Tamasgen, S. Shewamare, G. Melese","doi":"10.13189/UJPA.2016.100204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/UJPA.2016.100204","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we studied the enhancement factor of local field for ellipsoidal metal composite, and optical induced bistability of metal/dielectric composites with in linear host matrixes. Using the calculated enhancement factor of local field and the cubic equation of the optical induced bistability of the composite material, the parameters of the bistability domain are calculated. The analytical and numerical results show that the enhancement factor of local field is extremely enhanced and the optical induced bistability increases its domain. It is shown that the local field in metal ellipsoidal particles with dielectric core in an external varying electric field has two maxima at two different frequencies. The second maximum becomes more important with increment in the metal fraction. At high metal fraction, the two bistability domains merge and form one entire bistability domain.","PeriodicalId":23443,"journal":{"name":"Universal Journal of Physics and Application","volume":"14 1","pages":"49-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80163025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-01DOI: 10.13189/UJPA.2016.100203
Paulo Aguiar
Following the recognition of a positive value for the vacuum energy density and the realization that a simple Kantowski-Sachs model might fit the classical tests of cosmology, we study the qualitative behavior of three anisotropic and homogeneous models: Kantowski-Sachs, Bianchi type-I and Bianchi type-III universes, with dust and a cosmological constant, in order to find out which are physically permitted. We find that these models undergo isotropization up to the point that the observations will not be able to distinguish between them and the standard model, except for the Kantowski-Sachs model (Ωk0 0) with ΩΛ0 smaller than some critical value ΩΛM . Even if one imposes that the Universe should be nearly isotropic since the last scattering epoch (z ≈ 1000), meaning that the Universe should have approximately the same Hubble parameter in all directions (considering the COBE 4-Year data), there is still a large range for the matter density pa- rameter compatible with Kantowsky-Sachs and Bianchi type-III if |Ω0 + ΩΛ0 − 1| ≤ δ, for a very small δ . The Bianchi type-I model becomes exactly isotropic owing to our restrictions and we have Ω0 + ΩΛ0 = 1 in this case. Of course, all these models approach locally an exponential expanding state provided the cosmological constant ΩΛ > ΩΛM .
{"title":"Anisotropic Universe Models with Positive Cosmological Constant","authors":"Paulo Aguiar","doi":"10.13189/UJPA.2016.100203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/UJPA.2016.100203","url":null,"abstract":"Following the recognition of a positive value for the vacuum energy density and the realization that a simple Kantowski-Sachs model might fit the classical tests of cosmology, we study the qualitative behavior of three anisotropic and homogeneous models: Kantowski-Sachs, Bianchi type-I and Bianchi type-III universes, with dust and a cosmological constant, in order to find out which are physically permitted. We find that these models undergo isotropization up to the point that the observations will not be able to distinguish between them and the standard model, except for the Kantowski-Sachs model (Ωk0 0) with ΩΛ0 smaller than some critical value ΩΛM . Even if one imposes that the Universe should be nearly isotropic since the last scattering epoch (z ≈ 1000), meaning that the Universe should have approximately the same Hubble parameter in all directions (considering the COBE 4-Year data), there is still a large range for the matter density pa- rameter compatible with Kantowsky-Sachs and Bianchi type-III if |Ω0 + ΩΛ0 − 1| ≤ δ, for a very small δ . The Bianchi type-I model becomes exactly isotropic owing to our restrictions and we have Ω0 + ΩΛ0 = 1 in this case. Of course, all these models approach locally an exponential expanding state provided the cosmological constant ΩΛ > ΩΛM .","PeriodicalId":23443,"journal":{"name":"Universal Journal of Physics and Application","volume":"18 1","pages":"43-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84315314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-01DOI: 10.13189/UJPA.2016.100101
E. Jafarova, Z. Sadygov, F. Ahmadov, A. Sadygov, A. Dovlatov, L. A. Aliyeva, E. S. Taptygov
There has been investigated the capacitance of silicon micro pixel avalanche photodiodes (MAPD 3N) with deeply buried pixels under the effect of weak AC signal of different frequency (from 10 kHz to 1 MHz). A decreasing of the barrier capacitance with an increasing of AC signal frequency has been observed when small DC bias voltage (0-3 V) is applied to the structure. With the rise of voltage the observed dependence weakens and further saturates. It is established that capacity behavior like this within small voltage is referred to the peculiarity of MAPD structure under the investigation: presence of matrix of n + -regions between two epitaxial layers of p-type conductivity results in the appearance of some effective resistance between these layers connected in series with the measured capacity depending on AC signal frequency. The calculated values of ionized acceptor concentration from the slope of the dependence C -2 (Ubias) in epitaxial layer are: NA1 = (2.4 ±0.3)∙10 20 m -3 for Ubias up to 3 V, NA2 = (1.08±0.05)∙10 21 m -3 for Ubias from 3 to 10 V and NA3 = (2.13±0.27)∙ 10 21 m -3 for Ubias from 10 to 20 V respectively.
{"title":"Features of Barrier Capacitance of Micropixel Avalanche Photodiodes at Different Frequencies","authors":"E. Jafarova, Z. Sadygov, F. Ahmadov, A. Sadygov, A. Dovlatov, L. A. Aliyeva, E. S. Taptygov","doi":"10.13189/UJPA.2016.100101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/UJPA.2016.100101","url":null,"abstract":"There has been investigated the capacitance of silicon micro pixel avalanche photodiodes (MAPD 3N) with deeply buried pixels under the effect of weak AC signal of different frequency (from 10 kHz to 1 MHz). A decreasing of the barrier capacitance with an increasing of AC signal frequency has been observed when small DC bias voltage (0-3 V) is applied to the structure. With the rise of voltage the observed dependence weakens and further saturates. It is established that capacity behavior like this within small voltage is referred to the peculiarity of MAPD structure under the investigation: presence of matrix of n + -regions between two epitaxial layers of p-type conductivity results in the appearance of some effective resistance between these layers connected in series with the measured capacity depending on AC signal frequency. The calculated values of ionized acceptor concentration from the slope of the dependence C -2 (Ubias) in epitaxial layer are: NA1 = (2.4 ±0.3)∙10 20 m -3 for Ubias up to 3 V, NA2 = (1.08±0.05)∙10 21 m -3 for Ubias from 3 to 10 V and NA3 = (2.13±0.27)∙ 10 21 m -3 for Ubias from 10 to 20 V respectively.","PeriodicalId":23443,"journal":{"name":"Universal Journal of Physics and Application","volume":"74 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91344082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-01DOI: 10.13189/UJPA.2016.100102
Nagat Elkahwagy, A. Ismail, S. Maize, K. Mahmoud
Our study aim is to make highlights on the failure or success of both popular B3LYP functional and long-range corrected LC-BLYP functional at different values of the range separation parameter in improving the ground state and excited states energies calculations for 4f-lanthanides and 5f-actinides. The most popular B3LYP functional fails to provide a balanced description of excitation energies for 4f-lanthanides. However, it gives reasonable results for the actinides with exception of Pu and Am atoms. The ground state energies of 5f-actinides are improved significantly at the critical value of the range separation parameter equals 0.35 a.u. while the optimal value for the excited states lies in the critical range of 0.35-0.4 a.u. However, our results show that LC-BLYP functional is not recommended for 4f-lanthanides which have strongly localized nature.
{"title":"Diffusion Monte Carlo Calculations for Rare-earths: Hartree-Fock, Hybrid B3LYP, and Long-range Corrected LC-BLYP Functional","authors":"Nagat Elkahwagy, A. Ismail, S. Maize, K. Mahmoud","doi":"10.13189/UJPA.2016.100102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/UJPA.2016.100102","url":null,"abstract":"Our study aim is to make highlights on the failure or success of both popular B3LYP functional and long-range corrected LC-BLYP functional at different values of the range separation parameter in improving the ground state and excited states energies calculations for 4f-lanthanides and 5f-actinides. The most popular B3LYP functional fails to provide a balanced description of excitation energies for 4f-lanthanides. However, it gives reasonable results for the actinides with exception of Pu and Am atoms. The ground state energies of 5f-actinides are improved significantly at the critical value of the range separation parameter equals 0.35 a.u. while the optimal value for the excited states lies in the critical range of 0.35-0.4 a.u. However, our results show that LC-BLYP functional is not recommended for 4f-lanthanides which have strongly localized nature.","PeriodicalId":23443,"journal":{"name":"Universal Journal of Physics and Application","volume":"42 1","pages":"5-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80842919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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