Quosay A. Ahmed, Mohamed G.Haridi, Yousif I.Yousif, Almuez B.Babiker
Shale gas represents a new abundance for natural gas, which could aid keeping up with increasing world demand for energy. Enormous quantities of shale gas reserves are in Africa and China; however the technology to extract natural gas from shale formations is not yet developed in these regions. Hydraulic fracturing is the most viable technique to recover shale gas in economical quantities. Designing and controlling fracture geometry are crucial to achieve economical production rates from shale gas formations. Currently there is no universal model that can be applied to predict the fracture height and half-length in shale gas formation. Earlier models have addressed the issue of fracture geometry that is induced by hydraulic fracturing operation in conventional formations. Models such as KGD (Khristianovich- Geertsma-DeKlerk) and PKN (Perkins-Kern-Nordgren) solving the problem by assuming fixed fracture height, while complicated 3D models (planar and pseudo) are used to describe fracture geometry. Pseudo-3D model suffers from unrealistic fracture height outputs when the assumptions are violated. In this paper new equations for both fracture’s height and half-length are developed using Bingham theory in combination with a statistical approach (Monte Carlo simulation). The equations can be applied for wide ranges of rock properties and operational conditions of hydraulic fracturing.Model’s outcomes validation was verified using available data in the literature. Moreover, a parametric study showed that fluids viscosity and Poisson’s ratio were the major parameters that control fracture half-length. On the other hand, fracture height has been found to predominantly be controlled by formation thickness. These results are in line with the previous models outcomes.
{"title":"A Mathematical Model to Predict Hydraulic Fracture Geometry in Shale Gas Formation","authors":"Quosay A. Ahmed, Mohamed G.Haridi, Yousif I.Yousif, Almuez B.Babiker","doi":"10.53332/kuej.v7i2.969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53332/kuej.v7i2.969","url":null,"abstract":"Shale gas represents a new abundance for natural gas, which could aid keeping up with increasing world demand for energy. Enormous quantities of shale gas reserves are in Africa and China; however the technology to extract natural gas from shale formations is not yet developed in these regions. Hydraulic fracturing is the most viable technique to recover shale gas in economical quantities. Designing and controlling fracture geometry are crucial to achieve economical production rates from shale gas formations. Currently there is no universal model that can be applied to predict the fracture height and half-length in shale gas formation. Earlier models have addressed the issue of fracture geometry that is induced by hydraulic fracturing operation in conventional formations. Models such as KGD (Khristianovich- Geertsma-DeKlerk) and PKN (Perkins-Kern-Nordgren) solving the problem by assuming fixed fracture height, while complicated 3D models (planar and pseudo) are used to describe fracture geometry. Pseudo-3D model suffers from unrealistic fracture height outputs when the assumptions are violated. In this paper new equations for both fracture’s height and half-length are developed using Bingham theory in combination with a statistical approach (Monte Carlo simulation). The equations can be applied for wide ranges of rock properties and operational conditions of hydraulic fracturing.Model’s outcomes validation was verified using available data in the literature. Moreover, a parametric study showed that fluids viscosity and Poisson’s ratio were the major parameters that control fracture half-length. On the other hand, fracture height has been found to predominantly be controlled by formation thickness. These results are in line with the previous models outcomes.","PeriodicalId":23461,"journal":{"name":"University of Khartoum Engineering Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85688473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali Omer Ahmed, Ahmed I. Goubti, Abdallah Y. Abdallah, Mohamed A. Ahmed
A passive solar tracker was designed and constructed in GIAD Industrial Complex. The tracker was tested in Soba region, in the premises of the National Energy Research Center. The test consisted of two parts; the first was testing the tracking error by placing a pyranometer on the tracker and comparing the beam radiation readings with that of the maximum theoretical beam radiation possible if the tracker was tracking without errors. The second test was comparing the power output of 8, 50Wp photovoltaic modules attached onto the tracker in tracking mode to the same modules on the tracker fixed in a straight position. The array is inclined to 15.5o facing South. The results showed that most of the tracking error was within the range of 7.37 %. The photovoltaic array comparison test showed that the tracker is most effective in the morning hours from 9:00 to 11:00 and in the afternoon from 15:00 to 17:00. The increase of power output of the tracked array to the fixed array was 12.67% on the day of 9thDecember and 14.39% on the day of 11thApril.
{"title":"Single Axis Passive Solar Tracker Performance Evaluation","authors":"Ali Omer Ahmed, Ahmed I. Goubti, Abdallah Y. Abdallah, Mohamed A. Ahmed","doi":"10.53332/kuej.v7i2.971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53332/kuej.v7i2.971","url":null,"abstract":"A passive solar tracker was designed and constructed in GIAD Industrial Complex. The tracker was tested in Soba region, in the premises of the National Energy Research Center. The test consisted of two parts; the first was testing the tracking error by placing a pyranometer on the tracker and comparing the beam radiation readings with that of the maximum theoretical beam radiation possible if the tracker was tracking without errors. The second test was comparing the power output of 8, 50Wp photovoltaic modules attached onto the tracker in tracking mode to the same modules on the tracker fixed in a straight position. The array is inclined to 15.5o facing South. The results showed that most of the tracking error was within the range of 7.37 %. The photovoltaic array comparison test showed that the tracker is most effective in the morning hours from 9:00 to 11:00 and in the afternoon from 15:00 to 17:00. The increase of power output of the tracked array to the fixed array was 12.67% on the day of 9thDecember and 14.39% on the day of 11thApril.","PeriodicalId":23461,"journal":{"name":"University of Khartoum Engineering Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80040721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Study of dairy products is of great interest to the daily consumer . This research studied the total count of bacteria and the identification of the Escherichia coli (E.coli) bacteria of ready for sale and consumption white cheese.Three samples of locally produced cheese were collected from market in Khartoum at different dates and stored in polypropylene (PP) packaging at temperature of 4oC. The different samples were then subjected to laboratory tests to determine the total bacterial colonies and hence the total count of bacteria and E.coli in white cheese.The quality of white cheese including chemical and microbial characteristics which are affected by several factors were studied. The average bacterial colonies for cheese showed differences at two different dilutions (10-4and 10-5) of the Agar medium used. The average numbers of the bacterial colonies for the three samples were 15.54, 11.74 and 9.79. The biochemical reaction of the isolated bacteria from the three samples of white cheese showed no E.coli presence, gram negative bacteria, however, was found to be present.
{"title":"Identification of E.coli. In Sudanese White Soft Cheese","authors":"Rabab Mohamed A. Ahmed, T. A. M. Barakat","doi":"10.53332/kuej.v9i2.958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53332/kuej.v9i2.958","url":null,"abstract":"Study of dairy products is of great interest to the daily consumer . This research studied the total count of bacteria and the identification of the Escherichia coli (E.coli) bacteria of ready for sale and consumption white cheese.Three samples of locally produced cheese were collected from market in Khartoum at different dates and stored in polypropylene (PP) packaging at temperature of 4oC. The different samples were then subjected to laboratory tests to determine the total bacterial colonies and hence the total count of bacteria and E.coli in white cheese.The quality of white cheese including chemical and microbial characteristics which are affected by several factors were studied. The average bacterial colonies for cheese showed differences at two different dilutions (10-4and 10-5) of the Agar medium used. The average numbers of the bacterial colonies for the three samples were 15.54, 11.74 and 9.79. The biochemical reaction of the isolated bacteria from the three samples of white cheese showed no E.coli presence, gram negative bacteria, however, was found to be present.","PeriodicalId":23461,"journal":{"name":"University of Khartoum Engineering Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72664369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elhadi E. A, Barsi B. I, Mohamed Y. A, Salih A.M. A
This study is an attempt to test the potential of using real time Satellite Rainfall Estimates (SRE) data for hydrological modeling. Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM-3B42RT V7) SRE was evaluated against observed rain gauge data in Gash river catchment. The TRMM was evaluated against intensity as well as elevation dependency. The Hydrologic Engineering Center’s Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) software of the Army Corps of Engineering of the USA was used to simulate the rainfall - runoff process. The performance of TRMM was found to underestimate the rainfall for most of the events, the underestimation increases with the increase in elevation. TRMM data set was biased corrected and used as input to derive the hydrological model. Observed hydrographs at the catchment outlet were compared to the simulated flow hydrographs using events and continuous modeling. The results of hydrological modeling showed that events based modeling performed better, the coefficient of determination (R2) vary between 0.87 to 0.96 while Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), vary from 0.84 to 0.96 and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) vary from 45 to 118.3 m3/s. While the same statistics for continuous modeling showed, (NSE = 0.65) and (RMSE 44.5 m3/s). These results reflect the high potential of TRMM data set as inputs for hydrological modeling and flood forecasting in the Gash river and other basins with similar characteristics.
{"title":"Potential of Satellite Rainfall Estimates as Inputs for Flood Forecasting: Case Study Gash River, Sudan","authors":"Elhadi E. A, Barsi B. I, Mohamed Y. A, Salih A.M. A","doi":"10.53332/kuej.v9i2.960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53332/kuej.v9i2.960","url":null,"abstract":"This study is an attempt to test the potential of using real time Satellite Rainfall Estimates (SRE) data for hydrological modeling. Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM-3B42RT V7) SRE was evaluated against observed rain gauge data in Gash river catchment. The TRMM was evaluated against intensity as well as elevation dependency. The Hydrologic Engineering Center’s Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) software of the Army Corps of Engineering of the USA was used to simulate the rainfall - runoff process. The performance of TRMM was found to underestimate the rainfall for most of the events, the underestimation increases with the increase in elevation. TRMM data set was biased corrected and used as input to derive the hydrological model. Observed hydrographs at the catchment outlet were compared to the simulated flow hydrographs using events and continuous modeling. The results of hydrological modeling showed that events based modeling performed better, the coefficient of determination (R2) vary between 0.87 to 0.96 while Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), vary from 0.84 to 0.96 and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) vary from 45 to 118.3 m3/s. While the same statistics for continuous modeling showed, (NSE = 0.65) and (RMSE 44.5 m3/s). These results reflect the high potential of TRMM data set as inputs for hydrological modeling and flood forecasting in the Gash river and other basins with similar characteristics.","PeriodicalId":23461,"journal":{"name":"University of Khartoum Engineering Journal","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83125474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohanad Suliman Mohamed, Kamal Eldin Eltayeb Yassin
Aligning employees with the organization’s strategic goals has become increasingly important as organizations strive to achieve the optimum levels in organizational performance, profitability and business sustainability. The aim of this study was to revealthe main barriers in the alignment process between employees’ objectives and the organizational goals in a governmental corporation. Secondly, to propose a suitable and applicable course of action for better organizational alignment. To achieve optimum results; both qualitative and quantitative research methods (detailed questionnaire and personal interviews) have been applied in this paper. Gathereddata have been analyzed by spread sheets and web-based models such as Google forms. The results show that there is a lack of effective communication throughout the corporation, knowledge and capabilities are not developed, employees are not involved or empowered, and finally people efforts are not rewarded or recognized. Furthermore, the results illustrate the satisfactory factors that affect employees’ job performance and achieve the highest level of motivation. The recommended action plan in this paper is based on information gathered through an extensive literature review, and researcher experience in this field. This study is an attempt to establish the basic criteria to enhance leadership credibility, minimize wasted resources, and achieve the optimum utilization of human resources in the governmental sector.
{"title":"Aligning Employees’ Objectives with the Organizational Goals","authors":"Mohanad Suliman Mohamed, Kamal Eldin Eltayeb Yassin","doi":"10.53332/kuej.v9i1.950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53332/kuej.v9i1.950","url":null,"abstract":"Aligning employees with the organization’s strategic goals has become increasingly important as organizations strive to achieve the optimum levels in organizational performance, profitability and business sustainability. The aim of this study was to revealthe main barriers in the alignment process between employees’ objectives and the organizational goals in a governmental corporation. Secondly, to propose a suitable and applicable course of action for better organizational alignment. To achieve optimum results; both qualitative and quantitative research methods (detailed questionnaire and personal interviews) have been applied in this paper. Gathereddata have been analyzed by spread sheets and web-based models such as Google forms. The results show that there is a lack of effective communication throughout the corporation, knowledge and capabilities are not developed, employees are not involved or empowered, and finally people efforts are not rewarded or recognized. Furthermore, the results illustrate the satisfactory factors that affect employees’ job performance and achieve the highest level of motivation. The recommended action plan in this paper is based on information gathered through an extensive literature review, and researcher experience in this field. This study is an attempt to establish the basic criteria to enhance leadership credibility, minimize wasted resources, and achieve the optimum utilization of human resources in the governmental sector.","PeriodicalId":23461,"journal":{"name":"University of Khartoum Engineering Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87388957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Al-miqdad M. Al-arabai, Mohamed A.Elteyb, T. A. M. Barakat, Momin E. Abdalla
Paper is an important element of our daily life, it is used for writing, printing, cleaning, decoration and packaging. This research is concerned with the importance of paper industry and the relevance of different manufacturing approaches to the daily needs and the available raw materials. The main objective of this research is to investigate the suitability of the Neem (Azadirachtaindica A. Juss) wood for the manufacture of paper and pulp. Samples of the Neem wood were investigated in the laboratory and many tests were made during the manufacturing process to adjust the paper quality produced. Furthermore, several quality tests were carried out on the manufactured paper and compared with recognized standards. It was found that the paper manufactured from Neem wood is of good paper quality and made a good use of a locally available raw material.
{"title":"Utilization of Sudanese Natural Resources for Manufacturing of Paper and Pulp","authors":"Al-miqdad M. Al-arabai, Mohamed A.Elteyb, T. A. M. Barakat, Momin E. Abdalla","doi":"10.53332/kuej.v9i1.952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53332/kuej.v9i1.952","url":null,"abstract":"Paper is an important element of our daily life, it is used for writing, printing, cleaning, decoration and packaging. This research is concerned with the importance of paper industry and the relevance of different manufacturing approaches to the daily needs and the available raw materials. The main objective of this research is to investigate the suitability of the Neem (Azadirachtaindica A. Juss) wood for the manufacture of paper and pulp. Samples of the Neem wood were investigated in the laboratory and many tests were made during the manufacturing process to adjust the paper quality produced. Furthermore, several quality tests were carried out on the manufactured paper and compared with recognized standards. It was found that the paper manufactured from Neem wood is of good paper quality and made a good use of a locally available raw material.","PeriodicalId":23461,"journal":{"name":"University of Khartoum Engineering Journal","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84117980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to evaluate the effect of using polypropylene plastic pellets as partial replacement of fine aggregate with percentages of 5% and 10% by volume on the properties of fresh and hardened concrete. For this purpose, three mixes were prepared, 18 cubes were cast for compressive strength, fresh density and dry density, also 9 cylinders were cast for splitting tensile strength and 9 beams were cast to determine the flexural strength. The resulting slump of the mixes increases as the plastic percentage increases. The fresh density, dry density compressive strength and splitting tensile strength values decrease compared to the control. The flexural strength increases with the percentage increase.
{"title":"Use of Polypropylene Waste Plastic Pellets as Partial Replacement for Fine Aggregate in Concrete","authors":"Hind M. AbdelMoti, Mustafa A. Mustafaa","doi":"10.53332/kuej.v9i1.951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53332/kuej.v9i1.951","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to evaluate the effect of using polypropylene plastic pellets as partial replacement of fine aggregate with percentages of 5% and 10% by volume on the properties of fresh and hardened concrete. For this purpose, three mixes were prepared, 18 cubes were cast for compressive strength, fresh density and dry density, also 9 cylinders were cast for splitting tensile strength and 9 beams were cast to determine the flexural strength. The resulting slump of the mixes increases as the plastic percentage increases. The fresh density, dry density compressive strength and splitting tensile strength values decrease compared to the control. The flexural strength increases with the percentage increase.","PeriodicalId":23461,"journal":{"name":"University of Khartoum Engineering Journal","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83588528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper focuses on the influences of geotextile on bearing strength and permeability properties of cohesive soils. Experimental investigation was conducted on three soils reinforced with geotextile sheets in one or more layers. The soil samples are compacted at optimum moisture content and maximum dry density in five layers with or without geotextile sheets. The California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and the permeability tests have been carried out on natural soils and soils with geotextile sheets. The experiments results have showed a significant decrease in the CBR and the permeability values of the three soils with the inclusion of geotextile sheets. The CBR values of geotextile reinforced soils have decreased by 70% for 4 layers of geotextile sheets. Also, the average reduction in the permeability of the three soils reinforced with 1-layer geotextile sheet is about 60% of the natural soils. Hence, it is concluded that provision of geotextile sheet with an activator such as lime or fly ash to increase the soil strength will be beneficial and economical option in earth dams and canal banks.
{"title":"Experimental Study of Geotextile Effect on Bearing Strength and Permeability of Sudanese Cohesive Soils","authors":"Magdi M. E. Zumrawi, Eslam I. A. Abdalgadir","doi":"10.53332/kuej.v9i1.948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53332/kuej.v9i1.948","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on the influences of geotextile on bearing strength and permeability properties of cohesive soils. Experimental investigation was conducted on three soils reinforced with geotextile sheets in one or more layers. The soil samples are compacted at optimum moisture content and maximum dry density in five layers with or without geotextile sheets. The California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and the permeability tests have been carried out on natural soils and soils with geotextile sheets. The experiments results have showed a significant decrease in the CBR and the permeability values of the three soils with the inclusion of geotextile sheets. The CBR values of geotextile reinforced soils have decreased by 70% for 4 layers of geotextile sheets. Also, the average reduction in the permeability of the three soils reinforced with 1-layer geotextile sheet is about 60% of the natural soils. Hence, it is concluded that provision of geotextile sheet with an activator such as lime or fly ash to increase the soil strength will be beneficial and economical option in earth dams and canal banks.","PeriodicalId":23461,"journal":{"name":"University of Khartoum Engineering Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83237844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Khaled Qasem Mohammed Alborahy, Sami Mohammed Sharif
This paper aims to enhance the handover performance in the heterogeneous networks (HetNet)by reducing the need to make handover under the specified conditions and also reducing the handover failure, thisstudy divided the target cell for ten assumed circular zones, where zones start with radius Rh=R/10 from center of target cell, then the next zone is increased by R/10, then the simulation is carried out for each assumed zone usingselective values of TTT (160,480 and 640 ms) in order to determine the best circular zone of more handover events (zone of handover) in the coverage area for the target cell and other zone for no handover events (zone of no handover).The paper found that the most practically suitable zone for more handover events was the zone which its radius represents 86.6% of the radius of the coverage area for the target cell. Whereas, the remained zone (the zone between the zone of handover and the edge of target cell is considered a zone for no handover events. Also, the angle of chord (Ѳ) for the expected zone of handover events from the horizontal axis is 60˚, i.e. if the UE moves bycertain velocity and with a moving angle less than or equal to 60˚, then it will have a large probability to make handover events after satisfying the other handover conditions. Otherwise, its probability to make handover events is very low. The paper extracted that after determining more suitable handover zone and implementing the different fixed and chosen values of TTT, then a remarkable enhancement occurred in the handover performance and it was obvious at high speed of travelling for the user.
{"title":"Enhancing the Handover Performance in the Mobile Heterogeneous Network Based on the Expected Zone of Handover Events","authors":"Khaled Qasem Mohammed Alborahy, Sami Mohammed Sharif","doi":"10.53332/kuej.v9i1.949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53332/kuej.v9i1.949","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to enhance the handover performance in the heterogeneous networks (HetNet)by reducing the need to make handover under the specified conditions and also reducing the handover failure, thisstudy divided the target cell for ten assumed circular zones, where zones start with radius Rh=R/10 from center of target cell, then the next zone is increased by R/10, then the simulation is carried out for each assumed zone usingselective values of TTT (160,480 and 640 ms) in order to determine the best circular zone of more handover events (zone of handover) in the coverage area for the target cell and other zone for no handover events (zone of no handover).The paper found that the most practically suitable zone for more handover events was the zone which its radius represents 86.6% of the radius of the coverage area for the target cell. Whereas, the remained zone (the zone between the zone of handover and the edge of target cell is considered a zone for no handover events. Also, the angle of chord (Ѳ) for the expected zone of handover events from the horizontal axis is 60˚, i.e. if the UE moves bycertain velocity and with a moving angle less than or equal to 60˚, then it will have a large probability to make handover events after satisfying the other handover conditions. Otherwise, its probability to make handover events is very low. The paper extracted that after determining more suitable handover zone and implementing the different fixed and chosen values of TTT, then a remarkable enhancement occurred in the handover performance and it was obvious at high speed of travelling for the user.","PeriodicalId":23461,"journal":{"name":"University of Khartoum Engineering Journal","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80836341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is considered to be a promising technology for the near future. This calls for more efficient mechanisms and methods to fulfil the expectation of end users and at the same time make the best use of resources. Although of its variety of applications and potentials, MANET has issues such as resource limitation, routing overhead and changing of wireless link. This paper proposes three algorithms that can diminish the overhead and energy consumption of MANET and at the same time improve the overall performance of the network. By Controlling the Route Request (RREQ) broadcasting in the Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol using location and energy information, a better resource management and hence a better performance for the overall network is achieved.
{"title":"Enhancing Ad hoc Networks Performance by Using Location and Energy Information","authors":"Enas Abdalla Elhaj, Mohammed Ali Abbas","doi":"10.53332/kuej.v10i2.943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53332/kuej.v10i2.943","url":null,"abstract":"Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is considered to be a promising technology for the near future. This calls for more efficient mechanisms and methods to fulfil the expectation of end users and at the same time make the best use of resources. Although of its variety of applications and potentials, MANET has issues such as resource limitation, routing overhead and changing of wireless link. This paper proposes three algorithms that can diminish the overhead and energy consumption of MANET and at the same time improve the overall performance of the network. By Controlling the Route Request (RREQ) broadcasting in the Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol using location and energy information, a better resource management and hence a better performance for the overall network is achieved.","PeriodicalId":23461,"journal":{"name":"University of Khartoum Engineering Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89499307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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