This paper presents an experimental study in stabilization of expansive soil using Steel Slag (SS). Experimental program was conducted to evaluate the influence of Steel Slag on improving the engineering properties of expansive clay. A series of tests to measure consistency limits, free swell index, compaction parameters and unconfined compressive strength of natural and stabilized soils. The effectiveness of adding 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 percentages of SS to the soil was studied. Comparing the results obtained for the natural and stabilized soils, revealed that SS has significant effect on strength parameters and considerable improvement in plasticity and swelling properties. Addition of SS to the soil increased the dry density and decreased the optimum moisture content as well as increased the unconfined compressive strength. It is concluded that the use of steel slag to enhance properties of expansive soil is successful and beneficial.
{"title":"Laboratory Study of Steel Slag Used for Stabilizing Expansive Soil","authors":"Magdi M. E. Zumrawi, Alaa Abdel-Aziz Ali Babikir","doi":"10.53332/kuej.v6i2.1002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53332/kuej.v6i2.1002","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an experimental study in stabilization of expansive soil using Steel Slag (SS). Experimental program was conducted to evaluate the influence of Steel Slag on improving the engineering properties of expansive clay. A series of tests to measure consistency limits, free swell index, compaction parameters and unconfined compressive strength of natural and stabilized soils. The effectiveness of adding 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 percentages of SS to the soil was studied. Comparing the results obtained for the natural and stabilized soils, revealed that SS has significant effect on strength parameters and considerable improvement in plasticity and swelling properties. Addition of SS to the soil increased the dry density and decreased the optimum moisture content as well as increased the unconfined compressive strength. It is concluded that the use of steel slag to enhance properties of expansive soil is successful and beneficial.","PeriodicalId":23461,"journal":{"name":"University of Khartoum Engineering Journal","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88401025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sallah Eldeen M. A. Sharief, Ibrahim M. H. Sanhoury
This paper describes a separately excited DC motor speed control using armature voltage control method, based on traditional Proportional- Integral- Derivative (PID) controller, and pole assignment, feedback control technique. The main objective of the proposed controller is to control the speed of a DC motor shaft rotation and overcome problems like overshoot, and increasing the system model order, that are caused by PID controller, with a step response. Results obtained with Ziegler – Nichols PID controller were compared with those obtained using pole placement. DC motor response contains a 24% overshoot with PID controller; compared with 0.0286% overshoot. In the response of pole placement controller, it is found that pole placement reduces system overshoot to 0.0015% ofthe closed loop system.
{"title":"Speed Control of Direct Current Motor via Pole Placement Control","authors":"Sallah Eldeen M. A. Sharief, Ibrahim M. H. Sanhoury","doi":"10.53332/kuej.v7i1.993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53332/kuej.v7i1.993","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a separately excited DC motor speed control using armature voltage control method, based on traditional Proportional- Integral- Derivative (PID) controller, and pole assignment, feedback control technique. The main objective of the proposed controller is to control the speed of a DC motor shaft rotation and overcome problems like overshoot, and increasing the system model order, that are caused by PID controller, with a step response. Results obtained with Ziegler – Nichols PID controller were compared with those obtained using pole placement. DC motor response contains a 24% overshoot with PID controller; compared with 0.0286% overshoot. In the response of pole placement controller, it is found that pole placement reduces system overshoot to 0.0015% ofthe closed loop system.","PeriodicalId":23461,"journal":{"name":"University of Khartoum Engineering Journal","volume":"290 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77152845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Awadalla Taifour Ali, Eisa Bashier M. Eltayeb, Rufidah M. Bakhit
This paper mainly presents the Distribution Static Compensator (DSTATCOM) and control methodology of Direct Current (DC) capacitor voltage. Generally, the DC capacitor voltage is regulated using a Proportional Integral (PI) controller when various control algorithms are used for load compensation. However, during load changes, there is considerable variation in dc capacitor voltage which might affect compensation. In this study, a fuzzy logic based supervisory method is proposed to improve transient performance of the dc link. The fuzzy logic based supervisor varies the proportional and integral gains of the PI controller during the transient period immediately after a load change. A considerable reduction in the error in DC link capacitor voltage during load changes compared to a normal PI controller is obtained. The performance of the proposed strategy is proved using detailed simulation studies.
{"title":"Design and Simulation of Fuzzy Logic Controller for DSTATCOM in Power System","authors":"Awadalla Taifour Ali, Eisa Bashier M. Eltayeb, Rufidah M. Bakhit","doi":"10.53332/kuej.v6i2.999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53332/kuej.v6i2.999","url":null,"abstract":"This paper mainly presents the Distribution Static Compensator (DSTATCOM) and control methodology of Direct Current (DC) capacitor voltage. Generally, the DC capacitor voltage is regulated using a Proportional Integral (PI) controller when various control algorithms are used for load compensation. However, during load changes, there is considerable variation in dc capacitor voltage which might affect compensation. In this study, a fuzzy logic based supervisory method is proposed to improve transient performance of the dc link. The fuzzy logic based supervisor varies the proportional and integral gains of the PI controller during the transient period immediately after a load change. A considerable reduction in the error in DC link capacitor voltage during load changes compared to a normal PI controller is obtained. The performance of the proposed strategy is proved using detailed simulation studies.","PeriodicalId":23461,"journal":{"name":"University of Khartoum Engineering Journal","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89026034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Because of limited knowledge on experience on deep excavation analysis in Sudan, this study aimed to study numerical models for modeling deep excavation and adjacent buildings or public facilities near by the excavation. A series of parametric studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of wall stiffness and strut stiffness. The numerical analysis results showed that the increase of retaining wall stiffness or strut stiffness to reduce wall deformation is certainly effective, however does not have linear relationship. Last, based on the numerical results, the evaluation of adjacent building damage related to settlement induced by excavation and suggestions protection of adjacent buildings before and during excavation were discussed.
{"title":"Numerical Analysis of Deep Excavation","authors":"Suliman B. A. Mohamed, Magdi M. E. Zumrawi","doi":"10.53332/kuej.v9i2.965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53332/kuej.v9i2.965","url":null,"abstract":"Because of limited knowledge on experience on deep excavation analysis in Sudan, this study aimed to study numerical models for modeling deep excavation and adjacent buildings or public facilities near by the excavation. A series of parametric studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of wall stiffness and strut stiffness. The numerical analysis results showed that the increase of retaining wall stiffness or strut stiffness to reduce wall deformation is certainly effective, however does not have linear relationship. Last, based on the numerical results, the evaluation of adjacent building damage related to settlement induced by excavation and suggestions protection of adjacent buildings before and during excavation were discussed.","PeriodicalId":23461,"journal":{"name":"University of Khartoum Engineering Journal","volume":"47 1-2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91495684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Othman Hassan Abdalla, Hesham Norallah, Ahmed Annhwi, Fawaz Fathi
This paper proposes a novel simple staircase modulation to obtain reasonable performance of an output voltage for a cascaded HBridgemultilevel inverter. The motivation of the proposed algorithm is that the inverter phase voltage intersects with an original sinusoidalwaveform at equal points in the y-axis. This modulation technique can calculate the independent switching angles more simply than thetraditional method, which employed Fourier’s series analysis, and can be applied to all kinds of multilevel inverters. In this paper, for the sake of validation, the technique was applied to a cascaded H-bridge inverter with unequal DC sources. Then, it was applied to the seventh, ninth, eleventh, and twenty-seventh levels of the multilevel inverter. In addition, pulse width modulation techniques used in this type of multilevel inverter are complicated. The PSIM software program was used for all simulation examples, and its results are consistent with the experimental results.
{"title":"A Simple Staircase Modulation for A Cascaded H-bridge Multilevel Inverter","authors":"Othman Hassan Abdalla, Hesham Norallah, Ahmed Annhwi, Fawaz Fathi","doi":"10.53332/kuej.v9i2.959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53332/kuej.v9i2.959","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a novel simple staircase modulation to obtain reasonable performance of an output voltage for a cascaded HBridgemultilevel inverter. The motivation of the proposed algorithm is that the inverter phase voltage intersects with an original sinusoidalwaveform at equal points in the y-axis. This modulation technique can calculate the independent switching angles more simply than thetraditional method, which employed Fourier’s series analysis, and can be applied to all kinds of multilevel inverters. In this paper, for the sake of validation, the technique was applied to a cascaded H-bridge inverter with unequal DC sources. Then, it was applied to the seventh, ninth, eleventh, and twenty-seventh levels of the multilevel inverter. In addition, pulse width modulation techniques used in this type of multilevel inverter are complicated. The PSIM software program was used for all simulation examples, and its results are consistent with the experimental results.","PeriodicalId":23461,"journal":{"name":"University of Khartoum Engineering Journal","volume":"348 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79704722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cooling load calculations are normally carried out assuming steady state conditions. This is a simple but conservative approach that leads to overestimation of the cooling capacity. For more accurate estimation of cooling loads, one has to take into account the thermal capacity of the walls and internal heat sources, which makes the problem more complicated. In this paper, the unsteady state heat transfer formulation has been used to determine the air conditioning cooling load for a building in Khartoum for a hot summer day. An explicit method was used to calculate the nodal temperatures at each time step of the thermal network. A simulation program was developed to calculate the cooling load at each time step. The building is cooled by absorption cooling system comprised mainly of an evacuated tube solar collector, a lithium bromide –water absorption air conditioner, a storage tank fitted with an auxiliary heater. A mathematical model is built to simulate the absorption cooling system for the solar cooled building and the results showed that the absorption system driven by solar energy from the evacuated tubes solar collector is enough to cover the cooling load demand by the building more than ten hours.
{"title":"Determination of Cooling Load for a Solar Cooled Building in Khartoum Using a Simulation Method","authors":"Kamal Nasreldin Abdalla, Elamin Ahmed Osman","doi":"10.53332/kuej.v7i2.979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53332/kuej.v7i2.979","url":null,"abstract":"Cooling load calculations are normally carried out assuming steady state conditions. This is a simple but conservative approach that leads to overestimation of the cooling capacity. For more accurate estimation of cooling loads, one has to take into account the thermal capacity of the walls and internal heat sources, which makes the problem more complicated. In this paper, the unsteady state heat transfer formulation has been used to determine the air conditioning cooling load for a building in Khartoum for a hot summer day. An explicit method was used to calculate the nodal temperatures at each time step of the thermal network. A simulation program was developed to calculate the cooling load at each time step. The building is cooled by absorption cooling system comprised mainly of an evacuated tube solar collector, a lithium bromide –water absorption air conditioner, a storage tank fitted with an auxiliary heater. A mathematical model is built to simulate the absorption cooling system for the solar cooled building and the results showed that the absorption system driven by solar energy from the evacuated tubes solar collector is enough to cover the cooling load demand by the building more than ten hours.","PeriodicalId":23461,"journal":{"name":"University of Khartoum Engineering Journal","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77064645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Proper integration and evaluation of an existing vertical control information with the adjustment of a new leveling network require a stepwise approach that could reveal the hidden aspects of their uncertainties or stochastic properties. The general use of the control information as fixed quantities in the adjustment of the leveling networks is a major flaw. To this end, the fundamental concepts of least squares solutions offer a flexible and a rich framework for proper integration and modeling of control information and their uncertainty for new leveling networks. This paper provides a comprehensive review and analysis of a workflow that can be used to integrate and evaluate the existing control information or benchmarks to a new leveling network. In particular, this paper exploits three different approaches of least squares solutions to integrate and evaluate the stochastic properties of the existing control information and observations that belong to a new network. First, ordinary least squares solution, which constrained by Gauss-Markov model, was exploited to depict the normal practice of leveling networks adjustment in which the control information will be introduced as constant or fixed values. Second, least squares solution with pseudo observations was exploited for proper integration of control information and their stochastic properties. Third, free-network least squares solution was exploited as a mechanism to separate and quantify the stochastic properties of the observations from the ones that will be associated with the control information. Through the use of a numerical example, this paper offers some new perspectives and a detailed analysis that explains the interplay between the different aspects of least squares solutions for the integration and evaluation of vertical control information and their uncertainties with new leveling networks.
{"title":"On The Integration and Evaluation of Vertical Control Information and Uncertainties in Leveling Networks Using Least Squares Modeling","authors":"Gamal H. Seedahmed","doi":"10.53332/kuej.v7i2.972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53332/kuej.v7i2.972","url":null,"abstract":"Proper integration and evaluation of an existing vertical control information with the adjustment of a new leveling network require a stepwise approach that could reveal the hidden aspects of their uncertainties or stochastic properties. The general use of the control information as fixed quantities in the adjustment of the leveling networks is a major flaw. To this end, the fundamental concepts of least squares solutions offer a flexible and a rich framework for proper integration and modeling of control information and their uncertainty for new leveling networks. This paper provides a comprehensive review and analysis of a workflow that can be used to integrate and evaluate the existing control information or benchmarks to a new leveling network. In particular, this paper exploits three different approaches of least squares solutions to integrate and evaluate the stochastic properties of the existing control information and observations that belong to a new network. First, ordinary least squares solution, which constrained by Gauss-Markov model, was exploited to depict the normal practice of leveling networks adjustment in which the control information will be introduced as constant or fixed values. Second, least squares solution with pseudo observations was exploited for proper integration of control information and their stochastic properties. Third, free-network least squares solution was exploited as a mechanism to separate and quantify the stochastic properties of the observations from the ones that will be associated with the control information. Through the use of a numerical example, this paper offers some new perspectives and a detailed analysis that explains the interplay between the different aspects of least squares solutions for the integration and evaluation of vertical control information and their uncertainties with new leveling networks.","PeriodicalId":23461,"journal":{"name":"University of Khartoum Engineering Journal","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73050849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: A parametric study is performed on a Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) that operates at the frequency of 900 MHz The effect of the variation of the parameters on the bandwidth (BW) is analyzed. The study is performed using the Finite Element Method (FEM) numerical technique and the High Frequency Structural Simulator (HFSS) software.Regression analysis is applied on the data obtained from the simulation to present a mathematical model that estimates the fractional bandwidth FBW. An empirical equation that predicts the FBW of the PIFA is introduced. The equation uses the effective designparameters; substrate material thickness and ground plane dimensions as predictors. A comparison between the results calculated by the equation and the results obtained via simulation is carried out for validation purposes. The results are found to be very close except for the values corresponding to substrate thicknesses above 6mm. Moreover, a second simulator using a different numerical technique is used for further verification.A PIFA that operates at the 900 MHz frequency is fabricated. The results obtained from the physical measurement are compared with the results calculated by the empirical equation and the results obtained from the simulation. Close compatibility is observed.
{"title":"AN EMPIRICAL APPROACH TO DESIGN A PIFA ANTENNA","authors":"Sami M. Sharif, Iman D. Abdalla","doi":"10.53332/kuej.v9i2.961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53332/kuej.v9i2.961","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: A parametric study is performed on a Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) that operates at the frequency of 900 MHz The effect of the variation of the parameters on the bandwidth (BW) is analyzed. The study is performed using the Finite Element Method (FEM) numerical technique and the High Frequency Structural Simulator (HFSS) software.Regression analysis is applied on the data obtained from the simulation to present a mathematical model that estimates the fractional bandwidth FBW. An empirical equation that predicts the FBW of the PIFA is introduced. The equation uses the effective designparameters; substrate material thickness and ground plane dimensions as predictors. A comparison between the results calculated by the equation and the results obtained via simulation is carried out for validation purposes. The results are found to be very close except for the values corresponding to substrate thicknesses above 6mm. Moreover, a second simulator using a different numerical technique is used for further verification.A PIFA that operates at the 900 MHz frequency is fabricated. The results obtained from the physical measurement are compared with the results calculated by the empirical equation and the results obtained from the simulation. Close compatibility is observed.","PeriodicalId":23461,"journal":{"name":"University of Khartoum Engineering Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78403227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hunaida AbdElbage Abazar Ahmed, Kamal Eldin Eltayeb Yassin
This study intended to provide a base line and describe the current air quality in Sudanese Gold mining fields. It covers 21 gold marketing centers in 5 states; namely Northern, River Nile, Gadaref, Red Sea and Kurdofan state. The main objectives of the survey is the detection of any significant concentrations that exceed Occupational Safety and Health norms and specifying the key emission sources, and also identification and assessing of the health hazards and environmental impacts. The tests were carried out by using electronic portable devices to measure the concentrations of pollutants in air. The measured pollutants were: Dust or Particulate Matter (PM), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Volatile Organic Components (VOCs), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Ammonia (NH3), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Ozone (O3). National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQSs) and Sudanese Standards for Ambient Air Pollutants were used for comparison purposes. In addition to that, Air Quality Index (AQI) was applied for the average concentrations of each pollutant. It was found that, all gold marketing centers suffered from very high concentration of PM2.5 and PM10. 90.5% of those centers had higher NO2 concentration than the standards, 37% of it was increased by 200% and 42% of it was increased by 150%. In addition to that, 48% of gold marketing centers had higher SO2 concentration than the standards. On the other hand, concentrations of other pollutants obtained were found within the allowable limits. Finally, it was concluded that all those centers are contaminated with one or more air pollutants. Therefore, it was recommended to improve the environmental conditions by mitigating emissions from point sources. Supervisors have been advised to assume their responsibilities in controlling the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) in addition to the dissemination of safety culture through psychological approach.
{"title":"Evaluation of Air Quality in Sudanese Gold Mining Fields","authors":"Hunaida AbdElbage Abazar Ahmed, Kamal Eldin Eltayeb Yassin","doi":"10.53332/kuej.v9i2.957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53332/kuej.v9i2.957","url":null,"abstract":"This study intended to provide a base line and describe the current air quality in Sudanese Gold mining fields. It covers 21 gold marketing centers in 5 states; namely Northern, River Nile, Gadaref, Red Sea and Kurdofan state. The main objectives of the survey is the detection of any significant concentrations that exceed Occupational Safety and Health norms and specifying the key emission sources, and also identification and assessing of the health hazards and environmental impacts. The tests were carried out by using electronic portable devices to measure the concentrations of pollutants in air. The measured pollutants were: Dust or Particulate Matter (PM), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Volatile Organic Components (VOCs), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Ammonia (NH3), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Ozone (O3). National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQSs) and Sudanese Standards for Ambient Air Pollutants were used for comparison purposes. In addition to that, Air Quality Index (AQI) was applied for the average concentrations of each pollutant. It was found that, all gold marketing centers suffered from very high concentration of PM2.5 and PM10. 90.5% of those centers had higher NO2 concentration than the standards, 37% of it was increased by 200% and 42% of it was increased by 150%. In addition to that, 48% of gold marketing centers had higher SO2 concentration than the standards. On the other hand, concentrations of other pollutants obtained were found within the allowable limits. Finally, it was concluded that all those centers are contaminated with one or more air pollutants. Therefore, it was recommended to improve the environmental conditions by mitigating emissions from point sources. Supervisors have been advised to assume their responsibilities in controlling the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) in addition to the dissemination of safety culture through psychological approach.","PeriodicalId":23461,"journal":{"name":"University of Khartoum Engineering Journal","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78092310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Low-level feature extraction such as lines and points (i.e. corners), forms a fundamental step in digital photogrammetry and other fields. They supply the inputs for the photogrammetric orientation procedures; and they serve as an intermediate input for other processes such as object recognition. With the accumulation of knowledge, the research community is in a better position to develop new generations of smart algorithms and solutions that possess a new level of maturity and understanding for the underlying challenges of automation. To this end, this paper presents an innovative approach for corner point extraction that combines the outputs from classical point feature operators with Hough Transform to generate a better hypothesis for a corner point that can be used for applications in urban areas. In particular, extracted point features were used to guide line extraction in a local neighbourhood by Hough Transform. Then the corner points that will be obtained from lines intersection in this local neighbourhood will be compared with their nearby ones that were extracted by point feature operators. Based on passing a set of criteria, the intersection points from lines will replace the point feature as aset of potential corner points. Experimental findings show promising results of the proposed approach that raises the confidence level of the extracted corners and eliminating outliers.
{"title":"Automatic Extraction of Corner Points from Aerial Images Using Point-Feature Operators and Hough Transform","authors":"Mohamed Eltahir Idris, Gamal H. Seedahmed","doi":"10.53332/kuej.v9i2.964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53332/kuej.v9i2.964","url":null,"abstract":"Low-level feature extraction such as lines and points (i.e. corners), forms a fundamental step in digital photogrammetry and other fields. They supply the inputs for the photogrammetric orientation procedures; and they serve as an intermediate input for other processes such as object recognition. With the accumulation of knowledge, the research community is in a better position to develop new generations of smart algorithms and solutions that possess a new level of maturity and understanding for the underlying challenges of automation. To this end, this paper presents an innovative approach for corner point extraction that combines the outputs from classical point feature operators with Hough Transform to generate a better hypothesis for a corner point that can be used for applications in urban areas. In particular, extracted point features were used to guide line extraction in a local neighbourhood by Hough Transform. Then the corner points that will be obtained from lines intersection in this local neighbourhood will be compared with their nearby ones that were extracted by point feature operators. Based on passing a set of criteria, the intersection points from lines will replace the point feature as aset of potential corner points. Experimental findings show promising results of the proposed approach that raises the confidence level of the extracted corners and eliminating outliers.","PeriodicalId":23461,"journal":{"name":"University of Khartoum Engineering Journal","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87677260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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