Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199488
Andrea Sierra-Mejia , Dan E.V. Villamor , Aaron Rocha , William M. Wintermantel , Ioannis E. Tzanetakis
Criniviruses are emerging pathogens responsible for significant disease outbreaks worldwide. Among them, blackberry yellow vein-associated virus (BYVaV) is prevalent in blackberry-producing areas of the United States and, when present in the blackberry yellow vein disease complex with other viruses, can lead to substantial crop losses. To better understand BYVaV biology and its role in virus complex disease development, we developed a BYVaV-derived infectious clone and a virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) vector. The infectious clone successfully induced systemic infection and symptom development in Nicotiana benthamiana. Additionally, transmission of the recombinant virus to indicator plants was confirmed using the whitefly vector Trialeurodes vaporariorum. The infectious clone was subsequently modified into a VIGS vector, with the foreign insert remaining stable for the length of the study. This work provides essential tools for advancing the study of BYVaV biology and conducting genomic studies in its natural hosts.
{"title":"Engineering a robust infectious clone and gene silencing vector from blackberry yellow vein associated virus","authors":"Andrea Sierra-Mejia , Dan E.V. Villamor , Aaron Rocha , William M. Wintermantel , Ioannis E. Tzanetakis","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199488","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199488","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Criniviruses are emerging pathogens responsible for significant disease outbreaks worldwide. Among them, blackberry yellow vein-associated virus (BYVaV) is prevalent in blackberry-producing areas of the United States and, when present in the blackberry yellow vein disease complex with other viruses, can lead to substantial crop losses. To better understand BYVaV biology and its role in virus complex disease development, we developed a BYVaV-derived infectious clone and a virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) vector. The infectious clone successfully induced systemic infection and symptom development in <em>Nicotiana benthamiana</em>. Additionally, transmission of the recombinant virus to indicator plants was confirmed using the whitefly vector <em>Trialeurodes vaporariorum</em>. The infectious clone was subsequently modified into a VIGS vector, with the foreign insert remaining stable for the length of the study. This work provides essential tools for advancing the study of BYVaV biology and conducting genomic studies in its natural hosts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"350 ","pages":"Article 199488"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736398/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199466
Muhammad Kashif , Anna Poimala , Eeva J. Vainio , Suvi Sutela , Tuula Piri , László Benedek Dálya , Jarkko Hantula
Utilizing Heterobasidion partitivirus 13 strain an1 (HetPV13-an1) and 15 strain pa1 (HetPV15-pa1) in co-infection is considered a potential biocontrol approach against Heterobasidion root and butt rot. Both partitiviruses mediate debilitating effects in most Heterobasidion host isolates and are generally transmitted efficiently between host strains. In this investigation, we conducted transmission experiments in the laboratory (in vitro) using several H. parviporum isolates to test whether using dual partitivirus infections is a more efficient way of transmitting viruses to new hosts compared to using single partitivirus infections, and whether co-occurring single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) viruses are co-transmitted during the process. The results showed that H. parviporum donors carrying both partitiviruses, HetPV13-an1 and HetPV15-pa1, transmitted HetPV15-pa1 more efficiently to recipients than the same donors infected with only HetPV15-pa1. In contrast, the transmission of HetPV13-an1 did not differ significantly between donors infected with both or only one partitivirus. Altogether, the transmission rates of HetPV13-an1 and HetPV15-pa1 were high on artificial media. Moreover, the transmission of the ssRNA viruses Heterobasidion ourmia-like virus 1(HetOlV1-pa7) and 4 (HetOlV4-an1) as well as Heterobasidion ambi-like virus 3 (HetAlV3-pa4) across different recipients were found to be variable. This study demonstrated for the first time the transmission of ambi- and ourmiaviruses between H. parviporum isolates in dual cultures and showed that H. parviporum mycelia can be cured of these ssRNA viruses using heat treatment.
{"title":"Complex transmission of partiti-, ambi- and ourmiaviruses in the forest pathogen Heterobasidion parviporum","authors":"Muhammad Kashif , Anna Poimala , Eeva J. Vainio , Suvi Sutela , Tuula Piri , László Benedek Dálya , Jarkko Hantula","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199466","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199466","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Utilizing Heterobasidion partitivirus 13 strain an1 (HetPV13-an1) and 15 strain pa1 (HetPV15-pa1) in co-infection is considered a potential biocontrol approach against Heterobasidion root and butt rot. Both partitiviruses mediate debilitating effects in most <em>Heterobasidion</em> host isolates and are generally transmitted efficiently between host strains. In this investigation, we conducted transmission experiments in the laboratory (<em>in vitro</em>) using several <em>H. parviporum</em> isolates to test whether using dual partitivirus infections is a more efficient way of transmitting viruses to new hosts compared to using single partitivirus infections, and whether co-occurring single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) viruses are co-transmitted during the process. The results showed that <em>H. parviporum</em> donors carrying both partitiviruses, HetPV13-an1 and HetPV15-pa1, transmitted HetPV15-pa1 more efficiently to recipients than the same donors infected with only HetPV15-pa1. In contrast, the transmission of HetPV13-an1 did not differ significantly between donors infected with both or only one partitivirus. Altogether, the transmission rates of HetPV13-an1 and HetPV15-pa1 were high on artificial media. Moreover, the transmission of the ssRNA viruses Heterobasidion ourmia-like virus 1(HetOlV1-pa7) and 4 (HetOlV4-an1) as well as Heterobasidion ambi-like virus 3 (HetAlV3-pa4) across different recipients were found to be variable. This study demonstrated for the first time the transmission of ambi- and ourmiaviruses between <em>H. parviporum</em> isolates in dual cultures and showed that <em>H. parviporum</em> mycelia can be cured of these ssRNA viruses using heat treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"350 ","pages":"Article 199466"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736393/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142393641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199470
Seiji Buma , Syun-ichi Urayama , Rei Suo , Shiro Itoi , Shigeru Okada , Akihiro Ninomiya
Fungi are exploited for fermentation of foods such as cheese, Japanese sake, and soy sauce. However, the diversity of viruses that infect fungi involved in food fermentation is poorly understood. Fermented dried bonito (“katsuobushi”) is one of the most important processed marine products in Japan. Fungi involved in katsuobushi fermentation are called katsuobushi molds, and Aspergillus spp. have been reported to be dominant on the surface of katsuobushi during fermentation. Because various mycoviruses have been found in members of the genus Aspergillus, we hypothesized that katsuobushi molds are also infected with mycoviruses. Here, we describe seven novel mycoviruses belonging to six families (Chrysoviridae, Fusariviridae, Mitoviridae, Partitiviridae, Polymycoviridae, and Pseudototiviridae) from isolated katsuobushi molds (Aspergillus chevalieri and A. sulphureus) detected by fragmented and primer-ligated double-stranded RNA sequencing. Aspergillus chevalieri fusarivirus 1 has a unique bi-segmented genome, whereas other known fusariviruses have a single genomic segment. Phenotypic comparison between the parental A. chevalieri strain infected with Aspergillus chevalieri polymycovirus 1 (AchPmV1) and isogenic AchPmV1-free isolates indicated that AchPmV1 inhibits the early growth of the host. This study reveals the diversity of mycoviruses that infect katsuobushi molds, and provides insight into the effect of mycoviruses on fungi involved in fermentation.
{"title":"Mycoviruses from Aspergillus fungi involved in fermentation of dried bonito","authors":"Seiji Buma , Syun-ichi Urayama , Rei Suo , Shiro Itoi , Shigeru Okada , Akihiro Ninomiya","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199470","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199470","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fungi are exploited for fermentation of foods such as cheese, Japanese sake, and soy sauce. However, the diversity of viruses that infect fungi involved in food fermentation is poorly understood. Fermented dried bonito (“katsuobushi”) is one of the most important processed marine products in Japan. Fungi involved in katsuobushi fermentation are called katsuobushi molds, and <em>Aspergillus</em> spp. have been reported to be dominant on the surface of katsuobushi during fermentation. Because various mycoviruses have been found in members of the genus <em>Aspergillus</em>, we hypothesized that katsuobushi molds are also infected with mycoviruses. Here, we describe seven novel mycoviruses belonging to six families (<em>Chrysoviridae, Fusariviridae, Mitoviridae, Partitiviridae, Polymycoviridae</em>, and <em>Pseudototiviridae</em>) from isolated katsuobushi molds (<em>Aspergillus chevalieri</em> and <em>A. sulphureus</em>) detected by fragmented and primer-ligated double-stranded RNA sequencing. Aspergillus chevalieri fusarivirus 1 has a unique bi-segmented genome, whereas other known fusariviruses have a single genomic segment. Phenotypic comparison between the parental <em>A. chevalieri</em> strain infected with Aspergillus chevalieri polymycovirus 1 (AchPmV1) and isogenic AchPmV1-free isolates indicated that AchPmV1 inhibits the early growth of the host. This study reveals the diversity of mycoviruses that infect katsuobushi molds, and provides insight into the effect of mycoviruses on fungi involved in fermentation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"350 ","pages":"Article 199470"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736405/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142354765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199506
Iole Farina , Mauro Andreotti , Claudia Pastori , Roberta Bona , Clementina Maria Galluzzo , Roberta Amici , Cristina Purificato , Caterina Uberti-Foppa , Agostino Riva , Maria Cristina Gauzzi , Lucia Lopalco , Laura Fantuzzi
CCR5 is the main co-receptor for HIV-1 cell entry and it plays key roles in HIV-1 mucosal transmission. Natural anti-CCR5 antibodies were found in HIV-1-exposed seronegative and long-term non-progressor subjects, suggesting a role in controlling viral replication in vivo. We assessed the effect of sera containing or not natural anti-CCR5 antibodies, on membrane CCR5 level and HIV-1 infection in primary macrophages. Sera modulated CCR5 expression with a trend dependent on the donor/serum tested but independent on the presence or absence of anti-CCR5 antibodies. All sera strongly reduced HIV-1 DNA in all donor's macrophages and no correlation was observed between CCR5 and viral DNA levels. These results suggest that CCR5 expression level is not a major determinant of macrophage infection and that the observed modulation of CCR5 and HIV-1 DNA might depend on factors other than CCR5-reactive antibodies present in sera and/or intrinsic to the donors on which sera were tested.
{"title":"Modulation of CCR5 expression and R5 HIV-1 infection in primary macrophages exposed to sera from HESN, LTNP, and chronically HIV-1 infected people with or without natural antibodies to CCR5","authors":"Iole Farina , Mauro Andreotti , Claudia Pastori , Roberta Bona , Clementina Maria Galluzzo , Roberta Amici , Cristina Purificato , Caterina Uberti-Foppa , Agostino Riva , Maria Cristina Gauzzi , Lucia Lopalco , Laura Fantuzzi","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199506","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199506","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>CCR5 is the main co-receptor for HIV-1 cell entry and it plays key roles in HIV-1 mucosal transmission. Natural anti-CCR5 antibodies were found in HIV-1-exposed seronegative and long-term non-progressor subjects, suggesting a role in controlling viral replication <em>in vivo</em>. We assessed the effect of sera containing or not natural anti-CCR5 antibodies, on membrane CCR5 level and HIV-1 infection in primary macrophages. Sera modulated CCR5 expression with a trend dependent on the donor/serum tested but independent on the presence or absence of anti-CCR5 antibodies. All sera strongly reduced HIV-1 DNA in all donor's macrophages and no correlation was observed between CCR5 and viral DNA levels. These results suggest that CCR5 expression level is not a major determinant of macrophage infection and that the observed modulation of CCR5 and HIV-1 DNA might depend on factors other than CCR5-reactive antibodies present in sera and/or intrinsic to the donors on which sera were tested.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"350 ","pages":"Article 199506"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11669954/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142787171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199460
Andrea Sierra-Mejia, Dan E.V. Villamor, Ioannis E. Tzanetakis
Blackberry chlorotic ringspot virus (BCRV) was described about 20 years ago and since then there have been several publications of the virus infecting rosaceous hosts including blackberry, raspberry, rose and apple at high rates. Still the effect of the virus on disease development is poorly understood. Aiming to bridge this knowledge gap, we developed a BCRV infectious clone and virus-induced gene silencing vector (VIGS). The infectious clone can induce systemic infection with the transmissibility of the recombinant virus evaluated through mechanical transmission. The VIGS induced silencing using two different inserts, proving the versatility of the construct. The products of this work can be used to study disease development and control as well as functional genomics studies of BCRV hosts.
{"title":"Development and application of an infectious clone and gene silencing vector derived from blackberry chlorotic ringspot virus","authors":"Andrea Sierra-Mejia, Dan E.V. Villamor, Ioannis E. Tzanetakis","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199460","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199460","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Blackberry chlorotic ringspot virus (BCRV) was described about 20 years ago and since then there have been several publications of the virus infecting rosaceous hosts including blackberry, raspberry, rose and apple at high rates. Still the effect of the virus on disease development is poorly understood. Aiming to bridge this knowledge gap, we developed a BCRV infectious clone and virus-induced gene silencing vector (VIGS). The infectious clone can induce systemic infection with the transmissibility of the recombinant virus evaluated through mechanical transmission. The VIGS induced silencing using two different inserts, proving the versatility of the construct. The products of this work can be used to study disease development and control as well as functional genomics studies of BCRV hosts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"350 ","pages":"Article 199460"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736394/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142133946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199508
Jingru Gao , Fan Yang , Jihong Zhang , Heng Yang , Wei Chen
Coxsackievirus B5 (CVB5) is a major pathogen responsible for hand-foot-mouth disease, herpangina, and even severe death. The mechanisms underlying CVB5-induced diseases are not fully elucidated, and no specific antiviral treatments are currently available. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a closed-loop molecular structure, have been reported to be involved in virus infectious diseases. However, their roles and mechanisms in CVB5 infection remain largely unknown. In this study, we identify that CircPTPN11 is significantly upregulated following CVB5 infection in RD cells. Characteristic analysis reveals that the expression of CircPTPN11 is both time- and dose-dependent upon CVB5 infection and is specific to intestinal tissue. Moreover, CircPTPN11 inhibits CVB5 replication by activating IRF3 in the type-I interferon (IFN-I) pathway. Further underneath mechanism shows that CircPTPN11 indirectly regulates CVB5 replication by sponging miR-152-3p, and miR-152-3p influences CVB5 replication by interacting with the gene coding for signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPA). In conclusion, this study suggests that CircPTPN11 targets SIRPA by sponging miR-152-3p, thereby inhibiting the replication and proliferation of CVB5. These findings provide a molecular target for the diagnosis and treatment of CVB5 infection.
{"title":"CircPTPN11 inhibits the replication of Coxsackievirus B5 through regulating the IFN-I pathway by targeting miR-152-3p/SIRPA axis","authors":"Jingru Gao , Fan Yang , Jihong Zhang , Heng Yang , Wei Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199508","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199508","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coxsackievirus B5 (CVB5) is a major pathogen responsible for hand-foot-mouth disease, herpangina, and even severe death. The mechanisms underlying CVB5-induced diseases are not fully elucidated, and no specific antiviral treatments are currently available. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a closed-loop molecular structure, have been reported to be involved in virus infectious diseases. However, their roles and mechanisms in CVB5 infection remain largely unknown. In this study, we identify that CircPTPN11 is significantly upregulated following CVB5 infection in RD cells. Characteristic analysis reveals that the expression of CircPTPN11 is both time- and dose-dependent upon CVB5 infection and is specific to intestinal tissue. Moreover, CircPTPN11 inhibits CVB5 replication by activating IRF3 in the type-I interferon (IFN-I) pathway. Further underneath mechanism shows that CircPTPN11 indirectly regulates CVB5 replication by sponging miR-152-3p, and miR-152-3p influences CVB5 replication by interacting with the gene coding for signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPA). In conclusion, this study suggests that CircPTPN11 targets SIRPA by sponging miR-152-3p, thereby inhibiting the replication and proliferation of CVB5. These findings provide a molecular target for the diagnosis and treatment of CVB5 infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"350 ","pages":"Article 199508"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11699211/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142795127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-26DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199501
Amalie Ehlers Bedsted , Nicole B. Goecke , Charlotte K. Hjulsager , Pia Ryt-Hansen , Kasama Chusang Larsen , Thomas Bruun Rasmussen , Anette Bøtner , Lars E. Larsen , Graham J. Belsham
Porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV) typically causes subclinical or mild respiratory infections in pigs, but may lead to more severe disease with other factors. PRCV infection in Denmark was initially detected in 1984, but data are lacking about its current prevalence and diversity. Antibodies against PRCV were detected in about 75 % of recent pig sera from Denmark. In addition, pig nasal swab samples were screened for PRCV and 12 other respiratory pathogens using a high-throughput RT-qPCR system. All targeted pathogens were detected but at different prevalences. Significant associations were found between the presence of PRCV and certain other pathogens. From PRCV positive samples, partial spike gene sequences and complete nucleocapsid coding sequences were determined. In phylogenetic analyses, these PRCVs clustered with earlier European PRCVs and were distinct from transmissible gastroenteritis virus. We conclude that PRCV is widespread within the pig population in Denmark. Further studies on the significance of PRCV are warranted.
{"title":"High-throughput screening for respiratory pathogens within pigs in Denmark; analysis of circulating porcine respiratory coronaviruses and their association with other pathogens","authors":"Amalie Ehlers Bedsted , Nicole B. Goecke , Charlotte K. Hjulsager , Pia Ryt-Hansen , Kasama Chusang Larsen , Thomas Bruun Rasmussen , Anette Bøtner , Lars E. Larsen , Graham J. Belsham","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199501","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199501","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV) typically causes subclinical or mild respiratory infections in pigs, but may lead to more severe disease with other factors. PRCV infection in Denmark was initially detected in 1984, but data are lacking about its current prevalence and diversity. Antibodies against PRCV were detected in about 75 % of recent pig sera from Denmark. In addition, pig nasal swab samples were screened for PRCV and 12 other respiratory pathogens using a high-throughput RT-qPCR system. All targeted pathogens were detected but at different prevalences. Significant associations were found between the presence of PRCV and certain other pathogens. From PRCV positive samples, partial spike gene sequences and complete nucleocapsid coding sequences were determined. In phylogenetic analyses, these PRCVs clustered with earlier European PRCVs and were distinct from transmissible gastroenteritis virus. We conclude that PRCV is widespread within the pig population in Denmark. Further studies on the significance of PRCV are warranted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"350 ","pages":"Article 199501"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142682920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199497
Haidar Ali , Iffat Saleem , Muhammad Saad Ahmed , Deeba Amraiz , Imran Shahid , Eman A. Al-Shahari , Jing Yang , Liaqat Ali
Dengue virus infection, caused by a single positive-stranded RNA virus from the Flaviviridae family, represents a significant public health challenge in tropical and subtropical regions. This virus has four serotypes (DENV-1, 2, 3, and 4), primarily transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. Despite extensive research, effective antiviral treatments and vaccines remain elusive due to the viral diversity and the complex mechanisms such as antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). In the current study, NS1-positive serum samples from dengue cases in Pakistan (2023–2024), were analyzed to determine the predominant serotype and characterize the envelope (E) gene for further exploration of antiviral targets. Out of 100 samples, 63 (63%) tested positive for DENV-2, indicating its predominance during this period, while two samples showed mixed infections with DENV-2 and DENV-3. The envelope gene was successfully amplified using nested PCR, validated through gel electrophoresis and sanger sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis revealed high similarity of the DENV-2 isolates to strains from China and India. Computational modeling of the envelope protein structure identified potential antiviral binding sites and further molecular docking studies suggested that specific antiviral compounds like Arbidol and Quercetin can inhibit early steps in viral infection. Additionally, BepiPred-3.0 predicted several B-cell epitopes, which could be useful for vaccine development. These findings enhance our understanding of dengue epidemiology in Pakistan and contribute to the development of targeted antiviral therapies, potentially informing future vaccination strategies and outbreak management.
{"title":"Dominance of dengue virus serotype-2 in Pakistan (2023–2024): Molecular characterization of the envelope gene and exploration of antiviral targets","authors":"Haidar Ali , Iffat Saleem , Muhammad Saad Ahmed , Deeba Amraiz , Imran Shahid , Eman A. Al-Shahari , Jing Yang , Liaqat Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199497","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199497","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dengue virus infection, caused by a single positive-stranded RNA virus from the <em>Flaviviridae</em> family, represents a significant public health challenge in tropical and subtropical regions. This virus has four serotypes (DENV-1, 2, 3, and 4), primarily transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. Despite extensive research, effective antiviral treatments and vaccines remain elusive due to the viral diversity and the complex mechanisms such as antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). In the current study, NS1-positive serum samples from dengue cases in Pakistan (2023–2024), were analyzed to determine the predominant serotype and characterize the envelope (E) gene for further exploration of antiviral targets. Out of 100 samples, 63 (63%) tested positive for DENV-2, indicating its predominance during this period, while two samples showed mixed infections with DENV-2 and DENV-3. The envelope gene was successfully amplified using nested PCR, validated through gel electrophoresis and sanger sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis revealed high similarity of the DENV-2 isolates to strains from China and India. Computational modeling of the envelope protein structure identified potential antiviral binding sites and further molecular docking studies suggested that specific antiviral compounds like Arbidol and Quercetin can inhibit early steps in viral infection. Additionally, BepiPred-3.0 predicted several B-cell epitopes, which could be useful for vaccine development. These findings enhance our understanding of dengue epidemiology in Pakistan and contribute to the development of targeted antiviral therapies, potentially informing future vaccination strategies and outbreak management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"350 ","pages":"Article 199497"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142669040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199502
Lilei Lv , Huaye Luo , Min Zhang , Chuntao Wu , Yifeng Jiang , Wu Tong , Guoxin Li , Yanjun Zhou , Yanhua Li , Zhao Wang , Changlong Liu
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a highly contagious virus that poses a serious threat to the global pig industry. Despite extensive efforts, the mechanism underlying virus entry for PEDV remains elusive. In this study, we first identified PEDV-susceptible and non-susceptible cell lines by using PEDV spike pseudotyped vesicular stomatitis virus. Subsequently, we conducted a comprehensive transcriptomic analysis on these cell lines. Through integrating differential expression gene analysis with weighted gene co-expression network analysis, we identified the key pathways that are correlated with the PEDV entry. Our analysis revealed a strong correlation between cholesterol, sterols, and lipid transport with PEDV entry, suggesting a potential role for cholesterol transport in the PEDV entry. For further investigation, we treated Huh7, Vero and LLC-PK1 cells with a cholesterol transport inhibitor, ezetimibe, and observed a significant inhibition of PEDV entry and subsequent viral replication in these cells. Interestingly, pre-treating Huh7 cells with ezetimibe resulted in an increase in the entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) pseudoviruses. Moreover, we found that cholesterol could facilitate the entry of PEDV into Huh7 and Vero cells, and this promoting effect can be blocked by ezetimibe. These findings suggest that targeting cholesterol transport specifically inhibits PEDV entry into susceptible cells. Our study offers novel insights into the mechanism of PEDV entry and the development of new therapeutic strategies against this economically important virus.
{"title":"Comprehensive transcriptomic analysis identifies cholesterol transport pathway as a therapeutic target of porcine epidemic diarrhea coronavirus","authors":"Lilei Lv , Huaye Luo , Min Zhang , Chuntao Wu , Yifeng Jiang , Wu Tong , Guoxin Li , Yanjun Zhou , Yanhua Li , Zhao Wang , Changlong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199502","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199502","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a highly contagious virus that poses a serious threat to the global pig industry. Despite extensive efforts, the mechanism underlying virus entry for PEDV remains elusive. In this study, we first identified PEDV-susceptible and non-susceptible cell lines by using PEDV spike pseudotyped vesicular stomatitis virus. Subsequently, we conducted a comprehensive transcriptomic analysis on these cell lines. Through integrating differential expression gene analysis with weighted gene co-expression network analysis, we identified the key pathways that are correlated with the PEDV entry. Our analysis revealed a strong correlation between cholesterol, sterols, and lipid transport with PEDV entry, suggesting a potential role for cholesterol transport in the PEDV entry. For further investigation, we treated Huh7, Vero and LLC-PK1 cells with a cholesterol transport inhibitor, ezetimibe, and observed a significant inhibition of PEDV entry and subsequent viral replication in these cells. Interestingly, pre-treating Huh7 cells with ezetimibe resulted in an increase in the entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) pseudoviruses. Moreover, we found that cholesterol could facilitate the entry of PEDV into Huh7 and Vero cells, and this promoting effect can be blocked by ezetimibe. These findings suggest that targeting cholesterol transport specifically inhibits PEDV entry into susceptible cells. Our study offers novel insights into the mechanism of PEDV entry and the development of new therapeutic strategies against this economically important virus.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"350 ","pages":"Article 199502"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142695950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199492
François Chable de la Héronnière , Jonathan Barthelemy , Guy R Takoudjou Dzomo , Fatima Abdelrazakh , Oumaima Djarma , Lucas Auguste , Abderrazzack A Fouda , Chatté Adawaye , Laurent Andreoletti , Mahamat Fayiz Abakar , Yannick Simonin , Sara Salinas , Franck JD Mennechet
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a major public health problem worldwide. After several reported outbreaks, the current extent of infections caused by this orthoflavivirus in the Sahel remains to be explored. We investigated the prevalence of neutralizing antibodies against ZIKV in the general population, in HIV-infected individuals and in livestock in Chad using a seroneutralization assay that ensures high specificity level. In this retrospective serological serosurveillance investigation, we estimated the neutralizing seroprevalence to be approximately 26 % (18/69) in healthy Chadian participants and 17 % (16/94) in HIV-infected individuals, with no statistical difference between these two subgroups or genders. In addition, we found an overall ZIKV prevalence of 14 % (8/59) in small ruminants (sheep and goats) living in the Lake Chad Basin area, demonstrating virus circulation in animals. Our pilot study shows for the first-time evidence of ZIKV circulation in humans and in livestock in Chad in close interaction with humans, and highlights the main challenges associated with this virus in Sahelian areas.
{"title":"Evidence of Zika virus circulation in human and livestock in Chad","authors":"François Chable de la Héronnière , Jonathan Barthelemy , Guy R Takoudjou Dzomo , Fatima Abdelrazakh , Oumaima Djarma , Lucas Auguste , Abderrazzack A Fouda , Chatté Adawaye , Laurent Andreoletti , Mahamat Fayiz Abakar , Yannick Simonin , Sara Salinas , Franck JD Mennechet","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199492","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199492","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zika virus (ZIKV) is a major public health problem worldwide. After several reported outbreaks, the current extent of infections caused by this orthoflavivirus in the Sahel remains to be explored. We investigated the prevalence of neutralizing antibodies against ZIKV in the general population, in HIV-infected individuals and in livestock in Chad using a seroneutralization assay that ensures high specificity level. In this retrospective serological serosurveillance investigation, we estimated the neutralizing seroprevalence to be approximately 26 % (18/69) in healthy Chadian participants and 17 % (16/94) in HIV-infected individuals, with no statistical difference between these two subgroups or genders. In addition, we found an overall ZIKV prevalence of 14 % (8/59) in small ruminants (sheep and goats) living in the Lake Chad Basin area, demonstrating virus circulation in animals. Our pilot study shows for the first-time evidence of ZIKV circulation in humans and in livestock in Chad in close interaction with humans, and highlights the main challenges associated with this virus in Sahelian areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"350 ","pages":"Article 199492"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142628031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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