Virus research最新文献_第6页

Venenum bufonis and its active constituents alleviate RSV-induced pneumonia in mice by suppressing macrophage infiltration and NLRP3 inflammasome activation 蟾毒静脉及其有效成分通过抑制巨噬细胞浸润和NLRP3炎性体活化，减轻rsv诱导的小鼠肺炎。

IF 2.7 4区医学 Q3 VIROLOGY

Virus research

Pub Date : 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199672

Hui Cai , Lijing Hou , Jingjie Chang , Qing Yang , Mingming Wang , Lin Wang , Yao Li , Xueting Cai , Jie Yang , Peng Cao , Jiao Chen

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants and the elderly, with limited treatment options. Venenum bufonis (Vb), a traditional Chinese medicine, exhibits broad pharmacological activities including antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects, but its potential against RSV-induced pneumonia remains unclear. This study evaluates Vb’s therapeutic effects and mechanisms in RSV-infected pneumonia and identifies its key active constituents. RSV pneumonia was induced in C57BL/6 mice via intranasal inoculation. Mice were treated with Vb or ribavirin intraperitoneally for five days. Lung pathology, viral gene, inflammatory cytokine gene expression, NLRP3 pathway activation, and immune cell infiltration were assessed using H&E staining, electron microscopy, RT-qPCR, immunohistochemistry, RNA sequencing and flow cytometry. The results demonstrated that Vb treatment significantly reduced lung tissue damage, mRNA levels of RSV-N protein, proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) and type II interferon (IFN-γ), and enhanced the mRNA levels of type I interferons (IFN-α/β). Furthermore, Vb markedly decreased macrophage infiltration and suppressed mRNA expression of NLRP3, Caspase-1, and IL-1β in lung tissue, suggesting it may alleviate RSV pneumonia by inhibiting macrophage-driven inflammation and NLRP3 activation. Additionally, bufalin, cinobufagin, and resibufogenin were identified as likely bioactive constituents mediating Vb’s therapeutic effects. This study provides a scientific basis for the potential application of Vb in the treatment of RSV-induced pneumonia.

呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）是婴儿和老年人下呼吸道感染的主要原因，治疗选择有限。bufonis （Vb）是一种中药，具有广泛的药理活性，包括抗病毒和抗炎作用，但其对rsv诱导的肺炎的潜在作用尚不清楚。本研究评估了Vb对rsv感染肺炎的治疗作用和机制，并鉴定了其关键活性成分。采用鼻内接种方法诱导C57BL/6小鼠感染RSV肺炎。小鼠腹腔注射Vb或利巴韦林5天。采用H&E染色、电镜、RT-qPCR、免疫组织化学、RNA测序、流式细胞术检测肺病理、病毒基因、炎性细胞因子基因表达、NLRP3通路激活、免疫细胞浸润情况。结果表明，Vb处理显著降低了大鼠肺组织损伤，降低了RSV-N蛋白、促炎因子（TNF-α、IL-6）和II型干扰素（IFN-γ） mRNA水平，提高了I型干扰素（IFN-α/β） mRNA水平。此外，Vb可显著降低肺组织中巨噬细胞的浸润，抑制NLRP3、Caspase-1和IL-1β mRNA的表达，提示其可能通过抑制巨噬细胞驱动的炎症和NLRP3的激活来缓解RSV肺炎。此外，蟾毒灵、蟾毒球蛋白和脂蟾毒素被确定为可能介导Vb治疗作用的生物活性成分。本研究为Vb治疗rsv所致肺炎的潜在应用提供了科学依据。

{"title":"Venenum bufonis and its active constituents alleviate RSV-induced pneumonia in mice by suppressing macrophage infiltration and NLRP3 inflammasome activation","authors":"Hui Cai , Lijing Hou , Jingjie Chang , Qing Yang , Mingming Wang , Lin Wang , Yao Li , Xueting Cai , Jie Yang , Peng Cao , Jiao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199672","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199672","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants and the elderly, with limited treatment options. Venenum bufonis (Vb), a traditional Chinese medicine, exhibits broad pharmacological activities including antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects, but its potential against RSV-induced pneumonia remains unclear. This study evaluates Vb’s therapeutic effects and mechanisms in RSV-infected pneumonia and identifies its key active constituents. RSV pneumonia was induced in C57BL/6 mice via intranasal inoculation. Mice were treated with Vb or ribavirin intraperitoneally for five days. Lung pathology, viral gene, inflammatory cytokine gene expression, NLRP3 pathway activation, and immune cell infiltration were assessed using H&E staining, electron microscopy, RT-qPCR, immunohistochemistry, RNA sequencing and flow cytometry. The results demonstrated that Vb treatment significantly reduced lung tissue damage, mRNA levels of RSV-N protein, proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) and type II interferon (IFN-γ), and enhanced the mRNA levels of type I interferons (IFN-α/β). Furthermore, Vb markedly decreased macrophage infiltration and suppressed mRNA expression of NLRP3, Caspase-1, and IL-1β in lung tissue, suggesting it may alleviate RSV pneumonia by inhibiting macrophage-driven inflammation and NLRP3 activation. Additionally, bufalin, cinobufagin, and resibufogenin were identified as likely bioactive constituents mediating Vb’s therapeutic effects. This study provides a scientific basis for the potential application of Vb in the treatment of RSV-induced pneumonia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"363 ","pages":"Article 199672"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145688454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Metatranscriptomic characterization of the canine fecal virome from pooled samples in Gansu, China 中国甘肃犬粪便病毒池样本的转转录组学特征。

IF 2.7 4区医学 Q3 VIROLOGY

Virus research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199666

Wenhua Gao , Yanhong Yao , Yabo Sun , Wenjing Pu , Lin Xu

As popular companion animals, dogs present a potential risk for zoonotic viral transmission through close contact with humans. To characterize the fecal virome of dogs in Pingliang City, Gansu Province, China, we performed metatranscriptomic sequencing on 30 fecal samples pooled into three libraries, representing three distinct living environments. A total of 112,900,200 clean reads were obtained, revealing 16 viral genera spanning 15 families and highlighting a diverse viral community comprising animal viruses, bacteriophages, and plant viruses. Notably, we identified five known pathogenic viruses: canine astrovirus (3708 reads), canine dicipivirus (6578 reads), canine norovirus (16 reads), canine vesivirus (74 reads), and canine rotavirus (128 reads). Their presence suggests possible exposure events at the human-animal interface, although the infectivity and transmission risk require further experimental validation. These findings significantly expand our understanding of the canine virome and underscore the importance of “One Health” surveillance in companion animals. However, the actual zoonotic potential of the detected viruses, remains to be elucidated through further targeted investigation.

作为受欢迎的伴侣动物，狗通过与人类密切接触，存在人畜共患病毒传播的潜在风险。为了表征中国甘肃省平凉市伴侣犬的粪便病毒，我们对来自三个文库的30份粪便样本进行了亚转录组测序，这些样本代表了三种不同的生活环境。共获得112,900,200个clean reads，揭示了跨越15个科的16个病毒属，并突出了包括动物病毒，噬菌体和植物病毒的多样化病毒群落。值得注意的是，我们确定了五种已知的致病性病毒：犬星状病毒（3,708个reads），犬双头病毒（6,578个reads），犬诺如病毒（16个reads），犬vesivirus（74个reads）和犬轮状病毒（128个reads）。它们的存在表明可能在人-动物界面发生接触事件，尽管传染性和传播风险需要进一步的实验验证。这些发现极大地扩展了我们对犬病毒的理解，并强调了在伴侣动物中进行“同一个健康”监测的重要性。然而，检测到的病毒的实际人畜共患潜力，仍需通过进一步的有针对性的调查来阐明。

{"title":"Metatranscriptomic characterization of the canine fecal virome from pooled samples in Gansu, China","authors":"Wenhua Gao , Yanhong Yao , Yabo Sun , Wenjing Pu , Lin Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199666","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199666","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As popular companion animals, dogs present a potential risk for zoonotic viral transmission through close contact with humans. To characterize the fecal virome of dogs in Pingliang City, Gansu Province, China, we performed metatranscriptomic sequencing on 30 fecal samples pooled into three libraries, representing three distinct living environments. A total of 112,900,200 clean reads were obtained, revealing 16 viral genera spanning 15 families and highlighting a diverse viral community comprising animal viruses, bacteriophages, and plant viruses. Notably, we identified five known pathogenic viruses: canine astrovirus (3708 reads), canine dicipivirus (6578 reads), canine norovirus (16 reads), canine vesivirus (74 reads), and canine rotavirus (128 reads). Their presence suggests possible exposure events at the human-animal interface, although the infectivity and transmission risk require further experimental validation. These findings significantly expand our understanding of the canine virome and underscore the importance of “One Health” surveillance in companion animals. However, the actual zoonotic potential of the detected viruses, remains to be elucidated through further targeted investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 199666"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145574635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Retrospective study on the correlation between biochemical and blood routine indexes and prognosis in elderly patients with influenza A (H1N1) 老年甲型H1N1流感患者生化及血常规指标与预后相关性的回顾性研究

IF 2.7 4区医学 Q3 VIROLOGY

Virus research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199668

Xiaoxu Li, Minmin Xiao

Objective

Influenza A (H1N1) is a highly contagious and pathogenic respiratory disease. This retrospective study aims to provide a scientific basis for the early diagnosis of the malignant progression of the disease and the prediction of the prognosis of elderly patients with influenza A through a retrospective research analysis.

Methods

This study was a retrospective cohort study. A total of 97 elderly patients with influenza A (H1N1) admitted to the Second People’s Hospital of Wuhu City from November 2023 to February 2024 were included. By analyzing the patients' clinical data, laboratory test indicators (including routine serum biochemical and blood routine indicators), and pulmonary imaging examination results, the correlations between these indicators and disease progression, hospital stay duration, and pulmonary pathological changes were explored.

Result

The d-dimer level was significantly correlated with the hospital stay duration (P = 0.0413). The d-dimer level was significantly correlated with the pathological changes of pulmonary inflammation, fibrosis, calcification, and nodules (F = 2.623, P = 0.0437). Especially in patients with pulmonary inflammation, the d-dimer level was significantly elevated. A decrease in lymphocyte count was closely related to the occurrence of severe influenza A (P = 0.0355). The study also found that changes in the d-dimer level, together with increases in monocyte and white blood cell counts, indicated an increased risk of disease progression.

Conclusion

This study provides a new perspective for the clinical diagnosis and prognosis assessment of elderly patients with influenza A (H1N1) through a comprehensive analysis of indicators such as d-dimer, lymphocytes, monocytes, and white blood cell counts.

目的：甲型H1N1流感是一种具有高度传染性和致病性的呼吸道疾病。本回顾性研究旨在通过回顾性研究分析，为老年甲型流感患者疾病恶性进展的早期诊断和预后预测提供科学依据。方法：本研究为回顾性队列研究。研究对象为芜湖市第二人民医院2023年11月至2024年2月收治的97例老年甲型H1N1流感患者。通过分析患者的临床资料、实验室检查指标（包括血清生化常规、血常规指标）、肺部影像学检查结果，探讨这些指标与病情进展、住院时间、肺部病理改变的相关性。结果：d -二聚体水平与住院时间显著相关（P= 0.0413）。d -二聚体水平与肺部炎症、纤维化、钙化、结节的病理变化有显著相关性（F=2.623， P=0.0437）。特别是肺部炎症患者，d -二聚体水平明显升高。淋巴细胞计数下降与严重甲型流感的发生密切相关（P=0.0355）。该研究还发现，d -二聚体水平的变化，以及单核细胞和白细胞计数的增加，表明疾病进展的风险增加。结论：本研究通过对d -二聚体、淋巴细胞、单核细胞、白细胞计数等指标的综合分析，为老年甲型H1N1流感患者的临床诊断和预后评估提供了新的视角。

{"title":"Retrospective study on the correlation between biochemical and blood routine indexes and prognosis in elderly patients with influenza A (H1N1)","authors":"Xiaoxu Li, Minmin Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199668","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199668","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Influenza A (H1N1) is a highly contagious and pathogenic respiratory disease. This retrospective study aims to provide a scientific basis for the early diagnosis of the malignant progression of the disease and the prediction of the prognosis of elderly patients with influenza A through a retrospective research analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study was a retrospective cohort study. A total of 97 elderly patients with influenza A (H1N1) admitted to the Second People’s Hospital of Wuhu City from November 2023 to February 2024 were included. By analyzing the patients' clinical data, laboratory test indicators (including routine serum biochemical and blood routine indicators), and pulmonary imaging examination results, the correlations between these indicators and disease progression, hospital stay duration, and pulmonary pathological changes were explored.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>The <span>d</span>-dimer level was significantly correlated with the hospital stay duration (<em>P</em> = 0.0413). The <span>d</span>-dimer level was significantly correlated with the pathological changes of pulmonary inflammation, fibrosis, calcification, and nodules (<em>F</em> = 2.623, <em>P</em> = 0.0437). Especially in patients with pulmonary inflammation, the <span>d</span>-dimer level was significantly elevated. A decrease in lymphocyte count was closely related to the occurrence of severe influenza A (<em>P</em> = 0.0355). The study also found that changes in the <span>d</span>-dimer level, together with increases in monocyte and white blood cell counts, indicated an increased risk of disease progression.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study provides a new perspective for the clinical diagnosis and prognosis assessment of elderly patients with influenza A (H1N1) through a comprehensive analysis of indicators such as <span>d</span>-dimer, lymphocytes, monocytes, and white blood cell counts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 199668"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145588995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The paradox of rapid and synchronized propagation of seasonal influenza ‘A’ outbreaks in contrast with COVID-19: a testable hypothesis 与COVID-19相比，季节性甲型流感爆发快速同步传播的悖论：一个可检验的假设。

IF 2.7 4区医学 Q3 VIROLOGY

Virus research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199670

Uri Gabbay , Doron Carmi

Seasonal influenza A virus (SIAV) apparently exhibits a paradoxical pattern: despite a lower basic reproduction number (R₀) than SARS-CoV-2, it propagates across the Northern Hemisphere with remarkable speed and synchronicity. We propose a testable hypothesis, developed in two conceptual steps to explain this phenomenon.

First, we discuss what may explain the rapid, near-synchronous propagation of SIAV seasonal outbreak. We suggest that it may result from parallel seeding from multiple sources, rather than emerging from a singular origin, as observed with COVID-19. Second, we examined potential mechanisms for parallel seeding.

We propose a hypothesis-generating framework that, despite its limitations, offers a structured approach for integrating avian ecology with human epidemiology. The hypothesis is testable through genomic and metagenomic methods. Sequencing viruses from humans and migratory birds across regions may be evaluated to reveal identical viral lineages. The hypothesis may highlight the potential role of ecological reservoirs in global influenza propagation dynamics. If validated, this framework would advance understanding of influenza seasonality and may guide integrated surveillance strategies linking avian ecology with human epidemiology.

季节性甲型流感病毒（SIAV）显然表现出一种矛盾的模式：尽管基本繁殖数（R 0）低于SARS-CoV-2，但它以惊人的速度和同同性在北半球传播。我们提出了一个可检验的假设，分为两个概念步骤来解释这一现象。首先，我们讨论了SIAV季节性暴发的快速、几乎同步传播的原因。我们认为，这可能是由多个来源的平行播种造成的，而不是像COVID-19那样由单一来源产生。其次，我们研究了平行播种的潜在机制。这一假设可以通过基因组学和宏基因组学方法进行验证。对来自不同地区的人类和候鸟的病毒进行测序，可能会发现相同的病毒谱系。这一假设可能会突出生态水库在全球流感传播动力学中的潜在作用。如果得到验证，该框架将促进对流感季节性的了解，并可能指导将鸟类生态学与人类流行病学联系起来的综合监测战略。

{"title":"The paradox of rapid and synchronized propagation of seasonal influenza ‘A’ outbreaks in contrast with COVID-19: a testable hypothesis","authors":"Uri Gabbay , Doron Carmi","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199670","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199670","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seasonal influenza A virus (SIAV) apparently exhibits a paradoxical pattern: despite a lower basic reproduction number (R₀) than SARS-CoV-2, it propagates across the Northern Hemisphere with remarkable speed and synchronicity. We propose a testable hypothesis, developed in two conceptual steps to explain this phenomenon.</div><div>First, we discuss what may explain the rapid, near-synchronous propagation of SIAV seasonal outbreak. We suggest that it may result from parallel seeding from multiple sources, rather than emerging from a singular origin, as observed with COVID-19. Second, we examined potential mechanisms for parallel seeding.</div><div>We propose a hypothesis-generating framework that, despite its limitations, offers a structured approach for integrating avian ecology with human epidemiology. The hypothesis is testable through genomic and metagenomic methods. Sequencing viruses from humans and migratory birds across regions may be evaluated to reveal identical viral lineages. The hypothesis may highlight the potential role of ecological reservoirs in global influenza propagation dynamics. If validated, this framework would advance understanding of influenza seasonality and may guide integrated surveillance strategies linking avian ecology with human epidemiology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 199670"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145640133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A novel monoclonal antibody targeting a conserved inner region of the hepatitis B virus envelope enables broad detection of immune escape variants 一种新的针对乙型肝炎病毒包膜保守内部区域的单克隆抗体能够广泛检测免疫逃逸变异

IF 2.7 4区医学 Q3 VIROLOGY

Virus research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199669

Yansong Chen , Xinyu Zhang , Asha Ashuo , Zhong Fang , Wuhui Song , Jiangxia Liu , Jieliang Chen , Yaming Li , Zhenghong Yuan

The detection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is fundamental for the diagnosis of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). However, current diagnostic assays that rely on antibodies targeting the conformational “a” determinant of HBsAg are frequently compromised by mutations in this region, leading to undetected immune escape variants. In this study, we generated a novel monoclonal antibody, designated S1705, by immunizing mice with CHO-derived HBsAg. This antibody was identified to recognize a conserved linear epitope located within the internal loop region of the HBsAg particle. Western blot analysis under denaturing conditions confirmed that S1705 robustly detects HBsAg from multiple genotypes (A-D) and common clinical mutants, including the prevalent G145R variant. Moreover, S1705 demonstrated effective utility in applications such as flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. Notably, it exhibited superior performance compared to commercial antibodies targeting conformational epitopes in detecting HBsAg escape variants. We conclude that S1705, by targeting a conserved linear epitope, enables broad and reliable detection of both wild-type and mutant HBsAg. Critically, our findings demonstrate that immunodominant antigenic regions exist beyond the conventional boundaries of the ‘a’ determinant. This antibody thus holds significant promise for enhancing the diagnostic coverage of HBV variants and supporting future antiviral research and clinical monitoring.

乙型肝炎表面抗原（HBsAg）的检测是慢性乙型肝炎（CHB）诊断的基础。然而，目前依赖于针对HBsAg构象“a”决定因素的抗体的诊断分析经常受到该区域突变的损害，导致未检测到的免疫逃逸变异。在这项研究中，我们通过用cho来源的HBsAg免疫小鼠，产生了一种新的单克隆抗体，命名为S1705。该抗体被鉴定为识别位于HBsAg颗粒内环区的保守线性表位。变性条件下的Western blot分析证实，S1705可以检测多种基因型（A-D）和常见的临床突变体（包括常见的G145R变体）的HBsAg。此外，S1705在流式细胞术和免疫荧光等应用中显示出有效的实用性。值得注意的是，与针对构象表位的商业抗体相比，它在检测HBsAg逃逸变异方面表现出优越的性能。我们得出结论，S1705通过靶向保守的线性表位，可以广泛可靠地检测野生型和突变型HBsAg。至关重要的是，我们的研究结果表明，免疫优势抗原区域存在于“a”决定因素的传统边界之外。因此，这种抗体在提高HBV变异的诊断覆盖率和支持未来的抗病毒研究和临床监测方面具有重要的前景。

{"title":"A novel monoclonal antibody targeting a conserved inner region of the hepatitis B virus envelope enables broad detection of immune escape variants","authors":"Yansong Chen , Xinyu Zhang , Asha Ashuo , Zhong Fang , Wuhui Song , Jiangxia Liu , Jieliang Chen , Yaming Li , Zhenghong Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199669","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The detection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is fundamental for the diagnosis of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). However, current diagnostic assays that rely on antibodies targeting the conformational “a” determinant of HBsAg are frequently compromised by mutations in this region, leading to undetected immune escape variants. In this study, we generated a novel monoclonal antibody, designated S1705, by immunizing mice with CHO-derived HBsAg. This antibody was identified to recognize a conserved linear epitope located within the internal loop region of the HBsAg particle. Western blot analysis under denaturing conditions confirmed that S1705 robustly detects HBsAg from multiple genotypes (A-D) and common clinical mutants, including the prevalent G145R variant. Moreover, S1705 demonstrated effective utility in applications such as flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. Notably, it exhibited superior performance compared to commercial antibodies targeting conformational epitopes in detecting HBsAg escape variants. We conclude that S1705, by targeting a conserved linear epitope, enables broad and reliable detection of both wild-type and mutant HBsAg. Critically, our findings demonstrate that immunodominant antigenic regions exist beyond the conventional boundaries of the ‘a’ determinant. This antibody thus holds significant promise for enhancing the diagnostic coverage of HBV variants and supporting future antiviral research and clinical monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 199669"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145615437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Foot-and-mouth disease virus 3D polymerase antagonizes the interferon signaling pathway by blocking STAT2 nuclear translocation 口蹄疫病毒3D聚合酶通过阻断STAT2核易位拮抗干扰素信号通路。

IF 2.7 4区医学 Q3 VIROLOGY

Virus research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199671

Kangli Li , Boning Zhu , Shuo Wang , Xiangle Zhang , Xiaodan Wen , Weijun Cao , Guoliang Zhu , Haixue Zheng , Fan Yang , Zixiang Zhu

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is the etiological agent of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), which is highly contagious and extremely destructive in cloven-hoofed animals. Previous studies have shown that FMDV strongly suppress the innate immune response, and the research mainly focused on FMDV 3C and L proteinase. However, the role of FMDV 3D polymerase, an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), in inhibiting the IFN signaling pathway remains unclear. In this study, for the first time, we demonstrate that the highly conserved 3D polymerase of FMDV inhibits the activation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway by targeting STAT2. Mechanistically, FMDV 3D significantly inhibits the activity of the interferon-stimulated response element promoter and downregulates the transcription of interferon-stimulated genes. Further research revealed that 3D interacts with STAT2, hinders its phosphorylation, and inhibits its nuclear translocation, thereby blocking the activation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Collectively, these findings elucidate a novel mechanism by which FMDV 3D polymerase, acting as an inhibitor, targets STAT2 to suppress IFN signaling and antagonize the host antiviral immune response. This will provide insights for the development of future anti-FMDV strategies.

口蹄疫病毒（FMDV）是口蹄疫的病原，口蹄疫在偶蹄类动物中具有高度传染性和极具破坏性。已有研究表明FMDV对先天免疫反应有较强的抑制作用，研究主要集中在FMDV的3C和L蛋白酶上。然而，FMDV 3D聚合酶（一种RNA依赖的RNA聚合酶（RdRp））在抑制IFN信号通路中的作用尚不清楚。在这项研究中，我们首次证明了FMDV高度保守的3D聚合酶通过靶向STAT2抑制JAK-STAT信号通路的激活。机制上，FMDV 3D显著抑制干扰素刺激应答元件启动子的活性，下调干扰素刺激基因的转录。进一步研究发现，3D与STAT2相互作用，阻碍其磷酸化，抑制其核易位，从而阻断JAK-STAT信号通路的激活。总之，这些发现阐明了FMDV 3D聚合酶作为抑制剂靶向STAT2抑制IFN信号并拮抗宿主抗病毒免疫反应的新机制。这将为未来抗fmdv策略的发展提供见解。

{"title":"Foot-and-mouth disease virus 3D polymerase antagonizes the interferon signaling pathway by blocking STAT2 nuclear translocation","authors":"Kangli Li , Boning Zhu , Shuo Wang , Xiangle Zhang , Xiaodan Wen , Weijun Cao , Guoliang Zhu , Haixue Zheng , Fan Yang , Zixiang Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199671","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199671","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is the etiological agent of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), which is highly contagious and extremely destructive in cloven-hoofed animals. Previous studies have shown that FMDV strongly suppress the innate immune response, and the research mainly focused on FMDV 3C and L proteinase. However, the role of FMDV 3D polymerase, an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), in inhibiting the IFN signaling pathway remains unclear. In this study, for the first time, we demonstrate that the highly conserved 3D polymerase of FMDV inhibits the activation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway by targeting STAT2. Mechanistically, FMDV 3D significantly inhibits the activity of the interferon-stimulated response element promoter and downregulates the transcription of interferon-stimulated genes. Further research revealed that 3D interacts with STAT2, hinders its phosphorylation, and inhibits its nuclear translocation, thereby blocking the activation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Collectively, these findings elucidate a novel mechanism by which FMDV 3D polymerase, acting as an inhibitor, targets STAT2 to suppress IFN signaling and antagonize the host antiviral immune response. This will provide insights for the development of future anti-FMDV strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"363 ","pages":"Article 199671"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145669507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Applying next-generation sequencing to unravel the mutational landscape in viral quasispecies” [Virus Research, 283 (2020) 197963] “应用新一代测序揭示病毒准种的突变景观”[病毒研究，283(2020)197963]。

IF 2.7 4区医学 Q3 VIROLOGY

Virus research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199660

I-Na Lu , Claude P. Muller , Feng Q. HeFeng

引用次数: 0

Stochastic mutation as a mechanism for the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 new variants 随机突变是SARS-CoV-2新变体出现的机制。

IF 2.7 4区医学 Q3 VIROLOGY

Virus research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199667

Liaofu Luo , Jun Lv

Predicting the future evolutionary trajectory of SARS-CoV-2 remains a critical challenge, particularly due to the pivotal role of spike protein mutations. It is therefore essential to develop evolutionary models capable of continuously integrating new experimental data. In this study, we employ a cladogram algorithm that incorporates established assumptions for mutant representation — using both four-letter and two-letter formats — along with an n-mer distance algorithm to construct a cladogenetic tree of SARS-CoV-2 mutations. This tree accurately captures the observed changes across macro-lineages. We introduce a stochastic method for generating new strains on this tree based on spike protein mutations. For a given set A of existing mutation sites, we define a set X comprising x randomly generated mutation sites on the spike protein. The intersection of A and X, denoted as set Y, contains y sites. Our analysis indicates that the position of a generated strain on the tree is primarily determined by x. Through large-scale stochastic sampling, we predict the emergence of new macro-lineages. As x increases, the dominance among macro-lineages shifts: lineage O surpasses N, P surpasses O, and eventually Q surpasses P. We identify threshold values of x that delineate transitions between these macro-lineages. Furthermore, we propose an algorithm for predicting the timeline of macro-lineage emergence. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 evolution adheres to statistical principles: the emergence of new strains can be driven by randomly generated spike protein sites, and large-scale stochastic sampling reveals evolutionary patterns underlying the rise of distinct macro-lineages.

预测SARS-CoV-2未来的进化轨迹仍然是一项关键挑战，特别是考虑到刺突蛋白突变的关键作用。因此，开发能够不断整合新实验数据的进化模型是至关重要的。在本研究中，我们采用了一种梯形图算法，该算法结合了对突变表示的既定假设-使用四字母和两字母格式-以及n-mer距离算法来构建SARS-CoV-2突变的分支发生树。此树准确地捕获了在宏观谱系中观察到的更改。我们介绍了一种基于刺突蛋白突变的随机生成新菌株的方法。对于现有突变位点的给定集合a，我们定义一个集合X，其中包含突刺蛋白上随机产生的X个突变位点。A与X的交点，记作集合Y，包含Y个点。我们的分析表明，生成的菌株在树中的位置主要由x决定。通过大规模随机抽样，我们预测了新的宏观谱系的出现。随着x的增加，宏观谱系之间的优势转移：谱系O超过N， P超过O，最终Q超过P。我们确定了x的阈值，描绘了这些宏观谱系之间的过渡。此外，我们提出了一种预测宏观谱系出现时间的算法。总之，我们的研究结果表明，SARS-CoV-2的进化遵循统计学原理：新菌株的出现可以由随机产生的刺突蛋白位点驱动，大规模随机抽样揭示了不同宏观谱系兴起的进化模式。

{"title":"Stochastic mutation as a mechanism for the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 new variants","authors":"Liaofu Luo , Jun Lv","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199667","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199667","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Predicting the future evolutionary trajectory of SARS-CoV-2 remains a critical challenge, particularly due to the pivotal role of spike protein mutations. It is therefore essential to develop evolutionary models capable of continuously integrating new experimental data. In this study, we employ a cladogram algorithm that incorporates established assumptions for mutant representation — using both four-letter and two-letter formats — along with an <em>n</em>-mer distance algorithm to construct a cladogenetic tree of SARS-CoV-2 mutations. This tree accurately captures the observed changes across macro-lineages. We introduce a stochastic method for generating new strains on this tree based on spike protein mutations. For a given set <em>A</em> of existing mutation sites, we define a set <em>X</em> comprising <em>x</em> randomly generated mutation sites on the spike protein. The intersection of <em>A</em> and <em>X</em>, denoted as set <em>Y</em>, contains <em>y</em> sites. Our analysis indicates that the position of a generated strain on the tree is primarily determined by <em>x</em>. Through large-scale stochastic sampling, we predict the emergence of new macro-lineages. As <em>x</em> increases, the dominance among macro-lineages shifts: lineage O surpasses N, P surpasses O, and eventually Q surpasses P. We identify threshold values of <em>x</em> that delineate transitions between these macro-lineages. Furthermore, we propose an algorithm for predicting the timeline of macro-lineage emergence. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 evolution adheres to statistical principles: the emergence of new strains can be driven by randomly generated spike protein sites, and large-scale stochastic sampling reveals evolutionary patterns underlying the rise of distinct macro-lineages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 199667"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145582297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

HMPV-TherResDB: Comprehensive human metapneumovirus (HMPV) database for sequence-structure annotations, vaccine resources, and therapeutics research HMPV- therresdb：用于序列结构注释、疫苗资源和治疗研究的综合人偏肺病毒（HMPV）数据库。

IF 2.7 4区医学 Q3 VIROLOGY

Virus research

Pub Date : 2025-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199665

Abbas Khan , Anwar Mohammad , Fahad M. Alshabrmi , Eid A. Alatawi , Muhammad Junaid , Abdelali Agouni

Human metapneumovirus (HMPV), a current escalating health issue, causes respiratory complications in young children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. To date, no specific treatment is available; thus, to support vaccine and therapeutic development, we present HMPV-TherRes: a specialized database for HMPV research. This platform integrates a wealth of genomic, proteomic, structural, and immunological data, as well as target-specific drugs, RNA-based therapeutics, and CRISPR-based designs, offering an invaluable resource for advancing both basic and clinical research. The database integrates data generated through state-of-the-art and AI-powered algorithms. The database hosts 618 annotated genomes from various parts of the world, along with protein information, including their physicochemical properties, and experimentally derived or AlphaFold-predicted 3D structures. Moreover, immune resources are a central feature, encompassing detailed information on the predicted and experimentally reported cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes, helper T lymphocyte (HTL) epitopes (IFN ±), and B-cell epitopes. Additionally, it includes curated datasets, multi-epitope vaccines, and mRNA-based vaccine candidates, underscoring its utility in vaccine design and development. The database also provides data on different drugs targeting hMPV, along with extensive RNA-therapeutic resources, such as siRNAs and miRNAs, which are instrumental in gene-silencing applications. Further expanding its scope, HMPV-TherRes includes CRISPR-based sgRNA designs for both Cas9 and Cas13, enabling targeted genome editing and regulation of the transcriptome. HMPV-TherRes is a versatile repository bridging experimental and computational studies, consolidating diverse resources to support vaccine design, RNA therapeutics, and drug development. It advances understanding of hMPV biology, accelerating efforts to combat the pathogen. This centralized, user-friendly platform represents a significant advancement in virology, enabling researchers to develop novel interventions against HMPV. The database can be accessed through: https://ddd.agounikhanlabs.com/hmpvetherpresdb/index.php.

人偏肺病毒（HMPV）是当前不断升级的健康问题，可在幼儿、老年人和免疫功能低下的个体中引起呼吸道并发症。迄今为止，尚无具体的治疗方法；因此，为了支持疫苗和治疗的发展，我们提出了HMPV- therres：一个专门的HMPV研究数据库。该平台整合了丰富的基因组学、蛋白质组学、结构和免疫学数据，以及靶向特异性药物、基于rna的疗法和基于crispr的设计，为推进基础和临床研究提供了宝贵的资源。该数据库整合了通过最先进和人工智能算法生成的数据。该数据库拥有来自世界各地的618个带注释的基因组，以及蛋白质信息，包括它们的物理化学性质，以及实验推导或alphafold预测的3D结构。此外，免疫资源是一个中心特征，包括预测和实验报道的细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（CTL）表位、辅助T淋巴细胞（HTL）表位（IFN±）和b细胞表位的详细信息。此外，它还包括精心策划的数据集、多表位疫苗和基于mrna的候选疫苗，强调了它在疫苗设计和开发中的实用性。该数据库还提供了针对hMPV的不同药物的数据，以及广泛的rna治疗资源，如sirna和mirna，它们有助于基因沉默的应用。HMPV-TherRes进一步扩大了其范围，包括针对Cas9和Cas13的基于crispr的sgRNA设计，从而实现靶向基因组编辑和转录组调控。HMPV-TherRes是一个多功能存储库，连接实验和计算研究，整合各种资源，以支持疫苗设计，RNA治疗和药物开发。它促进了对hMPV生物学的理解，加快了对抗病原体的努力。这种集中式、用户友好的平台代表了病毒学的重大进步，使研究人员能够开发针对HMPV的新型干预措施。可以通过https://ddd.agounikhanlabs.com/hmpvetherpresdb/index.php访问数据库。

{"title":"HMPV-TherResDB: Comprehensive human metapneumovirus (HMPV) database for sequence-structure annotations, vaccine resources, and therapeutics research","authors":"Abbas Khan , Anwar Mohammad , Fahad M. Alshabrmi , Eid A. Alatawi , Muhammad Junaid , Abdelali Agouni","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199665","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199665","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Human metapneumovirus (HMPV), a current escalating health issue, causes respiratory complications in young children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. To date, no specific treatment is available; thus, to support vaccine and therapeutic development, we present HMPV-TherRes: a specialized database for HMPV research. This platform integrates a wealth of genomic, proteomic, structural, and immunological data, as well as target-specific drugs, RNA-based therapeutics, and CRISPR-based designs, offering an invaluable resource for advancing both basic and clinical research. The database integrates data generated through state-of-the-art and AI-powered algorithms. The database hosts 618 annotated genomes from various parts of the world, along with protein information, including their physicochemical properties, and experimentally derived or AlphaFold-predicted 3D structures. Moreover, immune resources are a central feature, encompassing detailed information on the predicted and experimentally reported cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes, helper T lymphocyte (HTL) epitopes (IFN ±), and B-cell epitopes. Additionally, it includes curated datasets, multi-epitope vaccines, and mRNA-based vaccine candidates, underscoring its utility in vaccine design and development. The database also provides data on different drugs targeting hMPV, along with extensive RNA-therapeutic resources, such as siRNAs and miRNAs, which are instrumental in gene-silencing applications. Further expanding its scope, HMPV-TherRes includes CRISPR-based sgRNA designs for both Cas9 and Cas13, enabling targeted genome editing and regulation of the transcriptome. HMPV-TherRes is a versatile repository bridging experimental and computational studies, consolidating diverse resources to support vaccine design, RNA therapeutics, and drug development. It advances understanding of hMPV biology, accelerating efforts to combat the pathogen. This centralized, user-friendly platform represents a significant advancement in virology, enabling researchers to develop novel interventions against HMPV. The database can be accessed through: <span><span>https://ddd.agounikhanlabs.com/hmpvetherpresdb/index.php</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"363 ","pages":"Article 199665"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145551137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterisation of newly identified vibriophages and their potential application in the biocontrol of Vibrio parahaemolyticus to enhance safety in aquaculture 新鉴定的噬菌体特征及其在副溶血性弧菌生物防治中的应用前景。

IF 2.7 4区医学 Q3 VIROLOGY

Virus research

Pub Date : 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199664

Madeline I. Petrusic, Sarah K. McLean, Enzo A. Palombo

Numerous reports have revealed that the bacterium Vibrio parahaemolyticus is responsible for significant economic losses in aquaculture and poses a threat to public health. In search of a sustainable biocontrol agent against V. parahaemolyticus, two lytic and novel bacteriophages, VpP1 and VpP2, were characterised. Both phages exhibited broad host ranges, lysing 13/16 V. parahaemolyticus strains. Phages were imaged by transmission electron microscopy, and analysis revealed that both phages exhibit morphology consistent with members of the class Caudoviricetes. Both phages inhibited the growth of their respective host bacterium with a high multiplicity of infection. All treated cultures had a substantial reduction in viability compared to non-treated cultures. One-step growth curve analysis revealed a latent period of approximately 22 min for both phages. The burst sizes were calculated as 10.2 PFU/mL, and 7.3 PFU/mL for VpP1 and VpP2, respectively. Stability determination assays revealed both phages could withstand a broad salinity range (1 to 20 %), pH levels (3.0–10.0), temperatures (-20 to 60 °C) and sodium hydrochlorite levels (3 to 10 mg/mL). Phages VpP1 and VpP2 could withstand direct UV light for 4 and 5 min, respectively. Next-generations sequencing revealed that VpP1 (63,510 bp) and VpP2 (64,298 bp) did not contain known virulence, antibiotic-resistance or lysogenic genes, highlighting their capability to be used as biocontrol agents. Phylogenetic analysis based on the major head protein revealed that VpP1 and VpP2 were categorised into the newly described Mardecavirus genus. The results suggest VpP1 and VpP2 have several beneficial qualities for future use as biocontrol agents. Further study is still required to determine their efficiency within food applications.

许多报告显示，副溶血性弧菌对水产养殖造成重大经济损失，并对公众健康构成威胁。为了寻找一种可持续的抗副溶血性弧菌的生物防治剂，对两种溶解性和新型噬菌体VpP1和VpP2进行了表征。两种噬菌体宿主范围广，可裂解13/16株副溶血性弧菌。通过透射电子显微镜对噬菌体进行成像，分析显示这两种噬菌体的形态与Caudoviricetes类成员一致。两种噬菌体均抑制各自宿主细菌的生长，具有较高的感染多重性。与未处理的培养物相比，所有处理过的培养物的活力都大大降低。一步生长曲线分析显示，两种噬菌体的潜伏期约为22分钟。计算出VpP1和VpP2的爆发量分别为10.2 PFU/mL和7.3 PFU/mL。稳定性测定试验显示，这两种噬菌体都能承受较宽的盐度范围（1 ~ 20%）、pH值（3.0 ~ 10.0）、温度（-20 ~ 60℃）和盐酸钠浓度（3 ~ 10 mg/mL）。噬菌体VpP1和VpP2分别能承受紫外线直射4分钟和5分钟。下一代测序显示，VpP1 （63,510 bp）和VpP2 （64,298 bp）不含已知的毒力、抗生素耐药性或溶原基因，突出了它们作为生物防治剂的能力。基于主要头部蛋白的系统发育分析显示，VpP1和VpP2属于新描述的马尔地卡病毒属。结果表明，VpP1和VpP2具有若干有益的特性，可作为未来的生物防治剂。还需要进一步的研究来确定它们在食品应用中的效率。

{"title":"Characterisation of newly identified vibriophages and their potential application in the biocontrol of Vibrio parahaemolyticus to enhance safety in aquaculture","authors":"Madeline I. Petrusic, Sarah K. McLean, Enzo A. Palombo","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199664","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199664","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Numerous reports have revealed that the bacterium <em>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</em> is responsible for significant economic losses in aquaculture and poses a threat to public health. In search of a sustainable biocontrol agent against <em>V. parahaemolyticus</em>, two lytic and novel bacteriophages, VpP1 and VpP2, were characterised. Both phages exhibited broad host ranges, lysing 13/16 V<em>. parahaemolyticus</em> strains. Phages were imaged by transmission electron microscopy, and analysis revealed that both phages exhibit morphology consistent with members of the class <em>Caudoviricetes</em>. Both phages inhibited the growth of their respective host bacterium with a high multiplicity of infection. All treated cultures had a substantial reduction in viability compared to non-treated cultures. One-step growth curve analysis revealed a latent period of approximately 22 min for both phages. The burst sizes were calculated as 10.2 PFU/mL, and 7.3 PFU/mL for VpP1 and VpP2, respectively. Stability determination assays revealed both phages could withstand a broad salinity range (1 to 20 %), pH levels (3.0–10.0), temperatures (-20 to 60 °C) and sodium hydrochlorite levels (3 to 10 mg/mL). Phages VpP1 and VpP2 could withstand direct UV light for 4 and 5 min, respectively. Next-generations sequencing revealed that VpP1 (63,510 bp) and VpP2 (64,298 bp) did not contain known virulence, antibiotic-resistance or lysogenic genes, highlighting their capability to be used as biocontrol agents. Phylogenetic analysis based on the major head protein revealed that VpP1 and VpP2 were categorised into the newly described <em>Mardecavirus</em> genus. The results suggest VpP1 and VpP2 have several beneficial qualities for future use as biocontrol agents. Further study is still required to determine their efficiency within food applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 199664"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145533840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0