Luis E C Torres, Camilo O Florez, Jéssica G Oliveira, Giovanna D Vieira, Ilza S Ribeiro, Kelly M Keller, Fabíola O P Leme, Priscila Fantini, Renata P A Maranhão
In equine ophthalmology, ulcerative keratitis is among the most common conditions and, in general, arises as a consequence of some trauma suffered. Secondarily, subsequent contamination by pathogenic or resident bacteria of the horse's ocular microbiota may have undesirable consequences. Under physiological conditions, the normal microbiota coexists with the immune status of the host, serving as a barrier, ensuring the health of the ocular surface, and inhibiting the proliferation of pathogens. However, in the imbalance of immune barriers, the normal microbiota can become pathogenic and lead to infection, acting as an opportunistic agent. The present study aims to demonstrate the antimicrobial effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP), its time of action, and its correlation with the concentration of its same components in vitro on Staphylococcus sciuri, a bacterium with high prevalence in the normal ocular microbiota of horses in the municipality of Minas Gerais. For the preparation of the PRP, eight adult Quarter Horse (QH) horses were used. The individual PRP was prepared by the double centrifugation protocol, and then, the PRPs were added to a pool, followed by testing their interaction in culture with Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth at different dilutions against five strains collected from different animals. After 3, 6, 12, and 18 hours, the colony formation units (CFU) count on a 5% horse blood agar plate was evaluated for each time point. Our study showed that Staphylococcus sciuri, the resident microorganism of the ocular conjunctival microbiota of horses, is more susceptible when compared to the standard strain "American Type Culture Collection" (ATCC-29213) Staphylococcus aureus, a pathogenic microorganism, which was used for the validation of our study. The antibacterial effect shown in this study was bacteriostatic for up to 6 hours. The most concentrated PRP dilutions, 1 : 1 and 1 : 2, were also most effective, suggesting that the antibacterial effect is volume dependent.
在马眼科中,溃疡性角膜炎是最常见的疾病之一,通常是由于遭受了一些创伤而引起的。其次,随后被马眼部微生物群的致病细菌或常驻细菌污染可能会产生不良后果。在生理条件下,正常的微生物群与宿主的免疫状态共存,起到屏障作用,保证眼表健康,抑制病原体增殖。然而,在免疫屏障失衡的情况下,正常的微生物群可能成为致病性的,并导致感染,成为机会因子。本研究旨在证明富血小板血浆(PRP)的抗菌作用,其作用时间,及其与体外相同成分浓度的相关性对米纳斯吉拉斯市马正常眼部微生物群中高流行率的葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus sciuri)的抑菌作用。为了准备PRP,使用了8匹成年四分之一马(QH)。采用双离心方法制备个体PRP,然后将PRP加入池中,然后在不同稀释度的脑心灌注(BHI)肉汤中对从不同动物收集的5株PRP进行相互作用试验。在3、6、12和18小时后,在5%马血琼脂平板上评估每个时间点的菌落形成单位(CFU)计数。我们的研究表明,马眼结膜微生物群的常驻微生物——sciuri葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus sciuri)比致病微生物标准菌株“American Type Culture Collection”(ATCC-29213)金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)更敏感,用于验证我们的研究。在这项研究中显示的抗菌效果是抑菌长达6小时。PRP浓度为1:1和1:2的稀释液也最有效,表明抗菌效果与体积有关。
{"title":"Antimicrobial Activity of Plasma Rich in Platelets (PRP) on the Ocular Microbiota of Healthy Horses from Minas Gerais: <i>In Vitro</i> Study.","authors":"Luis E C Torres, Camilo O Florez, Jéssica G Oliveira, Giovanna D Vieira, Ilza S Ribeiro, Kelly M Keller, Fabíola O P Leme, Priscila Fantini, Renata P A Maranhão","doi":"10.1155/2023/2407768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2407768","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In equine ophthalmology, ulcerative keratitis is among the most common conditions and, in general, arises as a consequence of some trauma suffered. Secondarily, subsequent contamination by pathogenic or resident bacteria of the horse's ocular microbiota may have undesirable consequences. Under physiological conditions, the normal microbiota coexists with the immune status of the host, serving as a barrier, ensuring the health of the ocular surface, and inhibiting the proliferation of pathogens. However, in the imbalance of immune barriers, the normal microbiota can become pathogenic and lead to infection, acting as an opportunistic agent. The present study aims to demonstrate the antimicrobial effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP), its time of action, and its correlation with the concentration of its same components <i>in vitro</i> on <i>Staphylococcus sciuri</i>, a bacterium with high prevalence in the normal ocular microbiota of horses in the municipality of Minas Gerais. For the preparation of the PRP, eight adult Quarter Horse (QH) horses were used. The individual PRP was prepared by the double centrifugation protocol, and then, the PRPs were added to a pool, followed by testing their interaction in culture with Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth at different dilutions against five strains collected from different animals. After 3, 6, 12, and 18 hours, the colony formation units (CFU) count on a 5% horse blood agar plate was evaluated for each time point. Our study showed that <i>Staphylococcus sciuri</i>, the resident microorganism of the ocular conjunctival microbiota of horses, is more susceptible when compared to the standard strain \"American Type Culture Collection\" (ATCC-29213) <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, a pathogenic microorganism, which was used for the validation of our study. The antibacterial effect shown in this study was bacteriostatic for up to 6 hours. The most concentrated PRP dilutions, 1 : 1 and 1 : 2, were also most effective, suggesting that the antibacterial effect is volume dependent.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10447163/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10427451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
James P Warioba, Esron D Karimuribo, Erick V G Komba, Mwemezi L Kabululu, Godwin A Minga, Hezron E Nonga
Brucellosis is a disease of major socio-economic importance worldwide, particularly in low-income countries. This retrospective study aimed to estimate seroprevalence and risk factors associated with brucellosis in commercial cattle farms in the eastern coast zone of Tanzania (ECZT). A total of 1,052 serum samples collected from 20 commercial farms were subjected to rose bengal plate test (RBPT) and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (i-ELISA). Descriptive analysis was employed to determine frequencies and proportions. To establish risk factors, a multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out using a backward elimination procedure, following a univariate analysis, with 0.1 set as a cut-off point for the selection of putative risk factors. Agreement between RBPT and i-ELISA was determined using a Kappa coefficient (κ). The overall animal-level seroprevalence was 25.9% based on i-ELISA. Logistic regression analysis revealed that odds of infection were significantly higher in females (OR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.2-2.5, p = 0.002) and in young animals than in adults (OR = 3.6, CI: 2.1-6.2, p < 0.001). In addition, odds of infection were higher during the wet season (OR = 3.4, CI: 3.2-5.2, p < 0.001), in cattle reared in rural farms (OR = 4.8, CI: 2.0-11.5, p < 0.001), in cattle reared in areas, not in contact with wildlife (OR = 2.9, CI: 1.4-2.3, p = 0.004), and in medium-sized farms (OR = 12.5, CI: 6.9-22.9, p < 0.001). These findings confirm that bovine brucellosis was prevalent among commercial cattle farms in the ECZT, posing a serious public health concern to the community living in these settings. The one health approach should be adopted for effective control of brucellosis.
布鲁氏菌病是世界范围内具有重大社会经济意义的疾病,特别是在低收入国家。本回顾性研究旨在估计坦桑尼亚东部沿海地区(ECZT)商业养牛场中布鲁氏菌病的血清患病率和相关危险因素。采用玫瑰孟加拉平板试验(RBPT)和间接酶联免疫吸附试验(i-ELISA)对20个商业养殖场采集的1052份血清样本进行检测。描述性分析用于确定频率和比例。为了确定风险因素,在单因素分析之后,使用反向消除程序进行多因素logistic回归分析,以0.1设置为选择假定风险因素的截止点。用Kappa系数(κ)测定RBPT与i-ELISA是否一致。基于i-ELISA的动物血清总阳性率为25.9%。Logistic回归分析显示,雌性动物(OR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.2-2.5, p = 0.002)和幼龄动物的感染几率显著高于成年动物(OR = 3.6, CI: 2.1-6.2, p p p p = 0.004),中型农场(OR = 12.5, CI: 6.9-22.9, p
{"title":"Occurrence and Risk Factors of Brucellosis in Commercial Cattle Farms from Selected Districts of the Eastern Coast Zone, Tanzania.","authors":"James P Warioba, Esron D Karimuribo, Erick V G Komba, Mwemezi L Kabululu, Godwin A Minga, Hezron E Nonga","doi":"10.1155/2023/4904931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4904931","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brucellosis is a disease of major socio-economic importance worldwide, particularly in low-income countries. This retrospective study aimed to estimate seroprevalence and risk factors associated with brucellosis in commercial cattle farms in the eastern coast zone of Tanzania (ECZT). A total of 1,052 serum samples collected from 20 commercial farms were subjected to rose bengal plate test (RBPT) and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (i-ELISA). Descriptive analysis was employed to determine frequencies and proportions. To establish risk factors, a multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out using a backward elimination procedure, following a univariate analysis, with 0.1 set as a cut-off point for the selection of putative risk factors. Agreement between RBPT and i-ELISA was determined using a Kappa coefficient (<i>κ</i>). The overall animal-level seroprevalence was 25.9% based on i-ELISA. Logistic regression analysis revealed that odds of infection were significantly higher in females (OR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.2-2.5, <i>p</i> = 0.002) and in young animals than in adults (OR = 3.6, CI: 2.1-6.2, <i>p</i> < 0.001). In addition, odds of infection were higher during the wet season (OR = 3.4, CI: 3.2-5.2, <i>p</i> < 0.001), in cattle reared in rural farms (OR = 4.8, CI: 2.0-11.5, <i>p</i> < 0.001), in cattle reared in areas, not in contact with wildlife (OR = 2.9, CI: 1.4-2.3, <i>p</i> = 0.004), and in medium-sized farms (OR = 12.5, CI: 6.9-22.9, <i>p</i> < 0.001). These findings confirm that bovine brucellosis was prevalent among commercial cattle farms in the ECZT, posing a serious public health concern to the community living in these settings. The one health approach should be adopted for effective control of brucellosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9940978/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9328277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anisa Bardhi, Juan E Romano, Giampiero Pagliuca, Alice Caneschi, Andrea Barbarossa
Florfenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic belonging to the amphenicols class that inhibits protein synthesis by binding to bacteria's ribosomal subunits. This drug is commonly used in veterinary medicine to treat bacterial infectious diseases in cattle, swine, poultry, and fish. The proposed method uses a quick protein precipitation with acetonitrile for the extraction of florfenicol and florfenicol amine in serum and seminal plasma, followed by analysis in UHPLC-MS/MS for their simultaneous quantification. A BEH C18 reversed-phase column was chosen for analyte separation, allowing to obtaining sharp and symmetrical peak shapes in a chromatographic run of just 3.5 min under programmed conditions. Two specific transitions were observed for each analyte, and florfenicol-d3 was used as the internal standard. The approach was fully validated in each matrix over ranges suitable for field concentrations of florfenicol and florfenicol amine, showing good linearity during each day of testing (R2 always >0.99). Excellent accuracy and precision were demonstrated, for both analytes, by calculated bias always within ±15% and CV% always below 15% at all QC levels tested. The satisfactory outcomes obtained during recovery, matrix effect, and process efficiency investigations in serum and seminal plasma confirmed the strength of the method for the quantification of target compounds. To our knowledge, this is the first LC-MS/MS-validated approach for the quantification of florfenicol and florfenicol amine in serum and seminal plasma and was successfully applied for the determination of their concentration-time profiles in bulls. This paves the way to understanding the pharmacokinetics of this antibiotic and its active metabolite in bull's seminal plasma, which will enable the design of more appropriate treatment protocols.
{"title":"Florfenicol and Florfenicol Amine Quantification in Bull Serum and Seminal Plasma by a Single Validated UHPLC-MS/MS Method.","authors":"Anisa Bardhi, Juan E Romano, Giampiero Pagliuca, Alice Caneschi, Andrea Barbarossa","doi":"10.1155/2023/6692920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6692920","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Florfenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic belonging to the amphenicols class that inhibits protein synthesis by binding to bacteria's ribosomal subunits. This drug is commonly used in veterinary medicine to treat bacterial infectious diseases in cattle, swine, poultry, and fish. The proposed method uses a quick protein precipitation with acetonitrile for the extraction of florfenicol and florfenicol amine in serum and seminal plasma, followed by analysis in UHPLC-MS/MS for their simultaneous quantification. A BEH C18 reversed-phase column was chosen for analyte separation, allowing to obtaining sharp and symmetrical peak shapes in a chromatographic run of just 3.5 min under programmed conditions. Two specific transitions were observed for each analyte, and florfenicol-d3 was used as the internal standard. The approach was fully validated in each matrix over ranges suitable for field concentrations of florfenicol and florfenicol amine, showing good linearity during each day of testing (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> always >0.99). Excellent accuracy and precision were demonstrated, for both analytes, by calculated bias always within ±15% and CV% always below 15% at all QC levels tested. The satisfactory outcomes obtained during recovery, matrix effect, and process efficiency investigations in serum and seminal plasma confirmed the strength of the method for the quantification of target compounds. To our knowledge, this is the first LC-MS/MS-validated approach for the quantification of florfenicol and florfenicol amine in serum and seminal plasma and was successfully applied for the determination of their concentration-time profiles in bulls. This paves the way to understanding the pharmacokinetics of this antibiotic and its active metabolite in bull's seminal plasma, which will enable the design of more appropriate treatment protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10239301/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9576449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nguyen Duc Hien, Le Trung Hoang, To My Quyen, Nguyen Phuc Khanh, Lam Thanh Nguyen
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and deadly viral disease in domestic and feral pigs. Since 2018, the disease has spread and caused large socioeconomic consequences to the pig industry in several Asian countries including China, Vietnam, and South Korea. This study aims to determine the genotype, serotype, and genetic variation of representative ASF viruses (ASFV) responsible for the outbreaks in 2019-2022 in Can Tho city, a central administrative province in the Mekong delta, Vietnam. For outbreak investigation, the presence of causative ASFVs was tested using conventional PCR targeting the B646L gene. Subsequently, the amplification and sequencing of the DNA fragments of the putative B646L gene encoding the major capsid protein p72, EP402R gene encoding the viral hemagglutinin CD2-like protein (CD2v), and intergenic region (IGR) between the l73R and I329L genes were performed for molecular characterization. Phylogenetic analyses based on B646L and EP402R genes confirmed that all ASFVs detected in Can Tho city belonged to genotype 2 and serotype 8. In addition, this study revealed that at least two variants of ASFVs, namely, IGR II and IGR III, based on the nucleotide variation of the IGR sequence, cocirculated, and caused outbreaks in Can Tho city. The molecular characterization study provides great significance for understanding the evolution of ASFVs and tracing possible sources of infection in Can Tho and Mekong delta.
{"title":"Molecular Characterization of African Swine Fever Viruses Circulating in Can Tho City, Vietnam.","authors":"Nguyen Duc Hien, Le Trung Hoang, To My Quyen, Nguyen Phuc Khanh, Lam Thanh Nguyen","doi":"10.1155/2023/8992302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8992302","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and deadly viral disease in domestic and feral pigs. Since 2018, the disease has spread and caused large socioeconomic consequences to the pig industry in several Asian countries including China, Vietnam, and South Korea. This study aims to determine the genotype, serotype, and genetic variation of representative ASF viruses (ASFV) responsible for the outbreaks in 2019-2022 in Can Tho city, a central administrative province in the Mekong delta, Vietnam. For outbreak investigation, the presence of causative ASFVs was tested using conventional PCR targeting the B646L gene. Subsequently, the amplification and sequencing of the DNA fragments of the putative B646L gene encoding the major capsid protein p72, EP402R gene encoding the viral hemagglutinin CD2-like protein (CD2v), and intergenic region (IGR) between the l73R and I329L genes were performed for molecular characterization. Phylogenetic analyses based on B646L and EP402R genes confirmed that all ASFVs detected in Can Tho city belonged to genotype 2 and serotype 8. In addition, this study revealed that at least two variants of ASFVs, namely, IGR II and IGR III, based on the nucleotide variation of the IGR sequence, cocirculated, and caused outbreaks in Can Tho city. The molecular characterization study provides great significance for understanding the evolution of ASFVs and tracing possible sources of infection in Can Tho and Mekong delta.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9911260/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10714128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Canine oral cancers have a poor prognosis and are related to chronic inflammation. This may pose a risk of secondary bacterial infection. This study aimed to compare the bacteria isolated from oral swab samples, values of C-reactive proteins (CRPs), and clinical blood profiles of dogs with and without oral mass. A total of 36 dogs were divided in three groups: no oral mass (n = 21), oral mass (n = 8), and metastasis groups (n = 7). Significantly, both the clinical groups (the oral mass group and metastasis group) showed anemia, a decrease in the albumin-to-globulin ratio (AGR), and an increase in the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), globulin-to-albumin ratio (GAR), CRP, and CRP-to-albumin ratio (CAR) compared to the normal group. CAR showed an increasing trend in the oral mass and metastasis groups (10 times and 100 times, respectively) compared to the no oral mass group (P < 0.001). Neisseria spp. (20.78%) was the main isolated bacteria in all groups. The main genera in the no oral mass group were Neisseria spp. (28.26%), Pasteurella spp. (19.57%), and Staphylococcus spp. (19.57%). Neisseria spp., Staphylococcus spp., Klebsiella spp., and Escherichia spp. were found equally (12.5%) in the oral mass group. Escherichia spp. (26.67%), Pseudomonas spp. (13.33%), and Staphylococcus spp. (13.33%) were the main genera in the metastasis group. Interestingly, Neisseria spp. decreased in the clinical groups (Fisher's exact = 6.39, P=0.048), and Escherichia spp. increased in the metastasis group (Fisher's exact = 14.00, P=0.002). The difference of oral bacteria in clinical dogs compared to healthy dogs may be related to microbiome alterations, and both the clinical groups showed the increment of inflammatory biomarkers. This suggested that further studies should be conducted on the correlation between the specific bacteria, CRP, blood clinical parameters, and type of canine oral mass.
{"title":"Isolation of Oral Bacteria, Measurement of the C-Reactive Protein, and Blood Clinical Parameters in Dogs with Oral Tumor.","authors":"Chanokchon Setthawongsin, Duangdaow Khunbutsri, Sirinun Pisamai, Wuttinun Raksajit, Suchanit Ngamkala, Thitichai Jarudecha, Nattakan Meekhanon, Anudep Rungsipipat","doi":"10.1155/2023/2582774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2582774","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Canine oral cancers have a poor prognosis and are related to chronic inflammation. This may pose a risk of secondary bacterial infection. This study aimed to compare the bacteria isolated from oral swab samples, values of C-reactive proteins (CRPs), and clinical blood profiles of dogs with and without oral mass. A total of 36 dogs were divided in three groups: no oral mass (<i>n</i> = 21), oral mass (<i>n</i> = 8), and metastasis groups (<i>n</i> = 7). Significantly, both the clinical groups (the oral mass group and metastasis group) showed anemia, a decrease in the albumin-to-globulin ratio (AGR), and an increase in the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), globulin-to-albumin ratio (GAR), CRP, and CRP-to-albumin ratio (CAR) compared to the normal group. CAR showed an increasing trend in the oral mass and metastasis groups (10 times and 100 times, respectively) compared to the no oral mass group (<i>P</i> < 0.001). <i>Neisseria</i> spp. (20.78%) was the main isolated bacteria in all groups. The main genera in the no oral mass group were <i>Neisseria</i> spp. (28.26%), <i>Pasteurella</i> spp. (19.57%), and <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. (19.57%). <i>Neisseria</i> spp., <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp., <i>Klebsiella</i> spp., and <i>Escherichia</i> spp. were found equally (12.5%) in the oral mass group. <i>Escherichia</i> spp. (26.67%), <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp. (13.33%), and <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. (13.33%) were the main genera in the metastasis group. Interestingly, <i>Neisseria</i> spp. decreased in the clinical groups (Fisher's exact = 6.39, <i>P</i>=0.048), and <i>Escherichia</i> spp. increased in the metastasis group (Fisher's exact = 14.00, <i>P</i>=0.002). The difference of oral bacteria in clinical dogs compared to healthy dogs may be related to microbiome alterations, and both the clinical groups showed the increment of inflammatory biomarkers. This suggested that further studies should be conducted on the correlation between the specific bacteria, CRP, blood clinical parameters, and type of canine oral mass.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10060073/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9248461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elaine da Silva Soares, Fabrício Luciani Valente, Carolina Camargos Rocha, Carlos Eduardo Real Pereira, Thaís Barroso Sarandy, Fabiano Luiz Dulce de Oliveira, Sabrina Loise de Morais Calado, Andréa Pacheco Batista Borges
Canine mammary tumors (CMTs) are the most diagnosed neoplasms in dogs; however, there are few studies analyzing the influence of epidemiological, clinicopathological, and histopathological data on cancer-specific survival (CSS), disease-free interval (DFI), and overall survival (OS) in a large cohort. To contribute to the understanding of the biological behavior of this neoplasm, 385 cases were analyzed, 89% malignant, 4% benign, and 7% non-neoplastic lesions. Among the dogs diagnosed with malignant neoplasms, 86% had early clinical stages (I-III), while 14% had regional or distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Carcinoma in a mixed tumor was the most frequent histological type with 44% of the cases and had the best prognosis. Analyzed factors such as the presence of pseudocyesis, previous history of the disease, advanced clinical stage (IV-V), and presence of ulceration obtained significant results for CSS, DFI, and OS through univariate analysis and had a negative impact on the survival of the patients. Multivariate analysis showed that histological grading and age proved to be the best independent parameters for the prognostic evaluation of CSS and DFI in this study. These factors were also significant in the overall survival analysis. Therefore, these parameters should be considered valuable risk and prognostic factors for CMTs.
{"title":"Prognostic Factors for Cancer-Specific Survival and Disease-Free Interval of Dogs with Mammary Carcinomas.","authors":"Elaine da Silva Soares, Fabrício Luciani Valente, Carolina Camargos Rocha, Carlos Eduardo Real Pereira, Thaís Barroso Sarandy, Fabiano Luiz Dulce de Oliveira, Sabrina Loise de Morais Calado, Andréa Pacheco Batista Borges","doi":"10.1155/2023/6890707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6890707","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Canine mammary tumors (CMTs) are the most diagnosed neoplasms in dogs; however, there are few studies analyzing the influence of epidemiological, clinicopathological, and histopathological data on cancer-specific survival (CSS), disease-free interval (DFI), and overall survival (OS) in a large cohort. To contribute to the understanding of the biological behavior of this neoplasm, 385 cases were analyzed, 89% malignant, 4% benign, and 7% non-neoplastic lesions. Among the dogs diagnosed with malignant neoplasms, 86% had early clinical stages (I-III), while 14% had regional or distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Carcinoma in a mixed tumor was the most frequent histological type with 44% of the cases and had the best prognosis. Analyzed factors such as the presence of pseudocyesis, previous history of the disease, advanced clinical stage (IV-V), and presence of ulceration obtained significant results for CSS, DFI, and OS through univariate analysis and had a negative impact on the survival of the patients. Multivariate analysis showed that histological grading and age proved to be the best independent parameters for the prognostic evaluation of CSS and DFI in this study. These factors were also significant in the overall survival analysis. Therefore, these parameters should be considered valuable risk and prognostic factors for CMTs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10421712/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10053918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yul Fitria, Niko Febrianto, Rahmi E Putri, Ibenu Rahmadani, Didik T Subekti
Indonesia is known to be endemic for rabies in several areas, especially in Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Flores Islands. Currently, vaccinating dogs has been shown to be the most cost-effective strategy for preventing rabies in humans. Postvaccination monitoring should be carried out to evaluate the success of vaccination by measuring antibody titers in serum of vaccinated dogs. Serological methods for monitoring rabies-specific antibody titers can be carried out using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods as recommended by the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH). Therefore, the development of the in-house ELISA (BukTi-Vet) that we have carried out in order to support postvaccination monitoring in dogs needs to be evaluated for its diagnostic performance compared to commercial ELISA kits. The diagnostic performance of each ELISA kit was evaluated using 111 known positive and 47 negative serums. Each known positive and negative serum will be tested using the three rabies ELISA kits used in this study. BukTi-Vet is an in-house ELISA for the detection of rabies-specific IgG antibodies that have been developed with sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 98.19%, 97.87%, and 98.1%, respectively. Based on the value of its positive and negative clinical utility index, BukTi-Vet is excellent for use in immunoassays directed for confirmatory (0.97) as well as screening (0.94) tests. BukTi-Vet shows a very good agreement with both Platelia II and RFFIT, so it is convincing to be further refined into a diagnostic kit. Tests of field sera from dogs vaccinated with various vaccines should be performed to provide more complete information on diagnostic performance. BukTi-Vet showed a very good agreement with RFFIT, while Pusvetma and Platelia II only showed good agreement. The average value of BukTi-Vet compatibility with RFFIT can reach 94%.
{"title":"Evaluation of In-House ELISA for Antirabies Antibodies Detection in Domestic Canine.","authors":"Yul Fitria, Niko Febrianto, Rahmi E Putri, Ibenu Rahmadani, Didik T Subekti","doi":"10.1155/2023/4096258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4096258","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Indonesia is known to be endemic for rabies in several areas, especially in Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Flores Islands. Currently, vaccinating dogs has been shown to be the most cost-effective strategy for preventing rabies in humans. Postvaccination monitoring should be carried out to evaluate the success of vaccination by measuring antibody titers in serum of vaccinated dogs. Serological methods for monitoring rabies-specific antibody titers can be carried out using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods as recommended by the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH). Therefore, the development of the in-house ELISA (BukTi-Vet) that we have carried out in order to support postvaccination monitoring in dogs needs to be evaluated for its diagnostic performance compared to commercial ELISA kits. The diagnostic performance of each ELISA kit was evaluated using 111 known positive and 47 negative serums. Each known positive and negative serum will be tested using the three rabies ELISA kits used in this study. BukTi-Vet is an in-house ELISA for the detection of rabies-specific IgG antibodies that have been developed with sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 98.19%, 97.87%, and 98.1%, respectively. Based on the value of its positive and negative clinical utility index, BukTi-Vet is excellent for use in immunoassays directed for confirmatory (0.97) as well as screening (0.94) tests. BukTi-Vet shows a very good agreement with both Platelia II and RFFIT, so it is convincing to be further refined into a diagnostic kit. Tests of field sera from dogs vaccinated with various vaccines should be performed to provide more complete information on diagnostic performance. BukTi-Vet showed a very good agreement with RFFIT, while Pusvetma and Platelia II only showed good agreement. The average value of BukTi-Vet compatibility with RFFIT can reach 94%.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9891833/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9215191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kelly Johanna Lozano-Villegas, María Paula Herrera-Sánchez, Mónica Alexandra Beltrán-Martínez, Stefany Cárdenas-Moscoso, Iang Schroniltgen Rondón-Barragán
Salmonellosis is a common infectious disease in humans caused by Salmonella spp., which in recent years has shown an increase in its incidence, with products of avian origin being a common source of transmission. To present a successful infective cycle, there are molecular mechanisms such as virulence factors that provide characteristics that facilitate survival, colonization, and damage to the host. According to this, the study aims to characterize the virulence factors of Salmonella spp. strains isolated from broilers (n = 39) and humans (n = 10). The presence of 24 virulence genes was evaluated using end-point PCR. All the strains of Salmonella spp. isolated from broiler chickens revealed presence of 7/24 (29, 16%) virulence genes (lpfA, csgA, sitC, sipB, sopB, sopE, and sivH). Regarding the strains isolated from cases of gastroenteritis in humans, all strains contained (14/24, 58, 33%) virulence genes (lpfA, csgA, pagC, msgA, spiA, sitC, iroN, sipB, orgA, hilA, sopB, sifA, avrA, and sivH). In summary, the presence of virulence genes in different strains of Salmonella isolated from broilers and humans could be described as bacteria with potential pathogenicity due to the type and number of virulence genes detected. These findings are beneficial for the pathogenic monitoring of Salmonella in Colombia.
{"title":"Molecular Detection of Virulence Factors in <i>Salmonella serovars</i> Isolated from Poultry and Human Samples.","authors":"Kelly Johanna Lozano-Villegas, María Paula Herrera-Sánchez, Mónica Alexandra Beltrán-Martínez, Stefany Cárdenas-Moscoso, Iang Schroniltgen Rondón-Barragán","doi":"10.1155/2023/1875253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/1875253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Salmonellosis is a common infectious disease in humans caused by <i>Salmonella</i> spp., which in recent years has shown an increase in its incidence, with products of avian origin being a common source of transmission. To present a successful infective cycle, there are molecular mechanisms such as virulence factors that provide characteristics that facilitate survival, colonization, and damage to the host. According to this, the study aims to characterize the virulence factors of <i>Salmonella</i> spp. strains isolated from broilers (<i>n</i> = 39) and humans (<i>n</i> = 10). The presence of 24 virulence genes was evaluated using end-point PCR. All the strains of <i>Salmonella</i> spp. isolated from broiler chickens revealed presence of 7/24 (29, 16%) virulence genes (<i>lpfA</i>, <i>csgA</i>, <i>sitC</i>, <i>sipB</i>, <i>sopB</i>, <i>sopE</i>, and <i>sivH</i>). Regarding the strains isolated from cases of gastroenteritis in humans, all strains contained (14/24, 58, 33%) virulence genes (<i>lpfA</i>, <i>csgA</i>, <i>pagC</i>, <i>msgA</i>, <i>spiA</i>, <i>sitC</i>, <i>iroN</i>, <i>sipB</i>, <i>orgA</i>, <i>hilA</i>, <i>sopB</i>, <i>sifA</i>, <i>avrA</i>, and <i>sivH</i>). In summary, the presence of virulence genes in different strains of <i>Salmonella</i> isolated from broilers and humans could be described as bacteria with potential pathogenicity due to the type and number of virulence genes detected. These findings are beneficial for the pathogenic monitoring of <i>Salmonella</i> in Colombia.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9998162/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9102562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Clavel Diaz-Quevedo, Alonso Ramírez García, Lenin Torres Bernal, Jorge Cáceres Coral, Gustavo Ampuero Trigoso, José Américo Saucedo-Uriarte
The objective of the research was to evaluate three synchronization protocols for fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) in Bos indicus with Bos taurus crossbred cows. Forty-five cows of 5 ± 1.6 years were selected. The Jsynch treatment consisted of the application of an intravaginal device plus benzoate; on day 8, the device was removed and PGF2α, estradiol cypionate plus eCG was applied, and the FTAI was performed at 48-52 hours after. Conventional treatment consisted of the application of an intravaginal device plus benzoate; on day 8, the device was removed and PGF2α plus eCG was injected, and on day 9, estradiol benzoate was administered, and FTAI was performed at 30 hours. The Ovsynch treatment consisted of the application of GnRH, and on day 8, PGF2α was applied, on day 9, GnRH was applied again, and on day 10, FTAI plus GnRH was applied. The diagnosis of pregnancy was determined by transrectal ultrasound 45 days after the FTAI. The Jsynch (39.1%) and conventional (39.1%) treatment showed higher pregnancy compared to the Ovsynch treatment (21.7%) of pregnancy. The presence of crystalline mucus at the time of the FTAI was significantly associated with pregnancy. The results of this investigation indicate that it is possible to obtain acceptable pregnancy rates with the FTAI in B. indicus with B. taurus crossbred milk-producing cows, and treatments with progesterone-releasing devices plus eCG can improve the reproductive performance of cows.
{"title":"Effect of Different Protocols of Fixed-Time Artificial Insemination on Mucus, Ovarian Size, and Pregnancy of Mixed-Breed Cows in the Humid Tropics of Peru.","authors":"Clavel Diaz-Quevedo, Alonso Ramírez García, Lenin Torres Bernal, Jorge Cáceres Coral, Gustavo Ampuero Trigoso, José Américo Saucedo-Uriarte","doi":"10.1155/2023/9942021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9942021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of the research was to evaluate three synchronization protocols for fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) in <i>Bos indicus</i> with <i>Bos taurus</i> crossbred cows. Forty-five cows of 5 ± 1.6 years were selected. The Jsynch treatment consisted of the application of an intravaginal device plus benzoate; on day 8, the device was removed and PGF2<i>α</i>, estradiol cypionate plus eCG was applied, and the FTAI was performed at 48-52 hours after. Conventional treatment consisted of the application of an intravaginal device plus benzoate; on day 8, the device was removed and PGF2<i>α</i> plus eCG was injected, and on day 9, estradiol benzoate was administered, and FTAI was performed at 30 hours. The Ovsynch treatment consisted of the application of GnRH, and on day 8, PGF2<i>α</i> was applied, on day 9, GnRH was applied again, and on day 10, FTAI plus GnRH was applied. The diagnosis of pregnancy was determined by transrectal ultrasound 45 days after the FTAI. The Jsynch (39.1%) and conventional (39.1%) treatment showed higher pregnancy compared to the Ovsynch treatment (21.7%) of pregnancy. The presence of crystalline mucus at the time of the FTAI was significantly associated with pregnancy. The results of this investigation indicate that it is possible to obtain acceptable pregnancy rates with the FTAI in <i>B. indicus</i> with <i>B. taurus</i> crossbred milk-producing cows, and treatments with progesterone-releasing devices plus eCG can improve the reproductive performance of cows.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10212680/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9900223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dogs are popular pets around the world and have always had a very close relationship with humans. Zoonotic gastrointestinal helminth parasites are a great threat to both stray and pet dogs. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of zoonotic gastrointestinal helminths in dogs. 400 samples were collected, including 200 from pet dogs and 200 from stray dogs. The samples from pet dogs were collected from the ground immediately after voiding with the help of the owner, whereas stray dogs were caught by using a dog catcher, and the samples were collected directly from the rectum by using a gloved index finger. All collected samples were examined under a microscope using sedimentation and flotation techniques. The overall prevalence of infection was found to be 59.50%, with a significantly higher prevalence in stray dogs (70%) than that in pet dogs (49%). Ancylostoma spp., Toxocara spp., Trichuris spp., Capillaria spp., Dipylidium caninum, and Taenia/Echinococcus spp. were six different species found in the current study. The study showed the highest prevalence of Ancylostoma spp. (49.16%) and the least prevalence of Capillaria spp. (0.84%). In the age-wise study, puppies had a significantly high infection rate (86.96%). Similarly, we recorded a significantly higher prevalence of intestinal helminths among nondewormed pet dogs (78.65%) than among dewormed pet dogs (25.23%). This study highlights the severe environmental contamination shed by dogs, causing a higher risk of zoonotic transmission. It indicates the urgent need to manage these parasites in dogs and educate the public on how to care for their pets and the parasites they shed.
{"title":"Prevalence of Zoonotic Gastrointestinal Helminth Parasite among Dogs in Suryabinayak, Nepal.","authors":"Punya Ram Sukupayo, Semsal Tamang","doi":"10.1155/2023/3624593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/3624593","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dogs are popular pets around the world and have always had a very close relationship with humans. Zoonotic gastrointestinal helminth parasites are a great threat to both stray and pet dogs. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of zoonotic gastrointestinal helminths in dogs. 400 samples were collected, including 200 from pet dogs and 200 from stray dogs. The samples from pet dogs were collected from the ground immediately after voiding with the help of the owner, whereas stray dogs were caught by using a dog catcher, and the samples were collected directly from the rectum by using a gloved index finger. All collected samples were examined under a microscope using sedimentation and flotation techniques. The overall prevalence of infection was found to be 59.50%, with a significantly higher prevalence in stray dogs (70%) than that in pet dogs (49%). <i>Ancylostoma</i> spp., <i>Toxocara</i> spp., <i>Trichuris</i> spp., <i>Capillaria</i> spp., <i>Dipylidium caninum</i>, and <i>Taenia/Echinococcus</i> spp. were six different species found in the current study. The study showed the highest prevalence of <i>Ancylostoma</i> spp. (49.16%) and the least prevalence of <i>Capillaria</i> spp. (0.84%). In the age-wise study, puppies had a significantly high infection rate (86.96%). Similarly, we recorded a significantly higher prevalence of intestinal helminths among nondewormed pet dogs (78.65%) than among dewormed pet dogs (25.23%). This study highlights the severe environmental contamination shed by dogs, causing a higher risk of zoonotic transmission. It indicates the urgent need to manage these parasites in dogs and educate the public on how to care for their pets and the parasites they shed.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10243950/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9971685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}