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Molecular Detection and Multidrug Resistance of Shigella spp. Isolated from Wild Waterfowl and Migratory Birds in Bangladesh 孟加拉野生水禽和候鸟志贺氏菌分子检测及多药耐药性研究
IF 3.1 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-07-18 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5374216
Jarna Karmoker, M. Saiful Islam, Md. Liton Rana, Md. Ashek Ullah, Fahim Haque Neloy, Nahian Muniath Oishy, Pritom Kumar Pramanik, M. P. Siddique, S. Saha, M. T. Tanvir Rahman
Birds, especially wild waterfowl and migratory birds have the potential to carry antibiotic-resistant bacteria, but their role in the dissemination of these resistant pathogens is still neglected in Bangladesh. To the best of our knowledge, this study was carried out for the first time in Bangladesh to isolate and determine the occurrence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Shigella spp. from fecal materials of wild waterfowl and migratory birds. A total of 80 fecal materials from wild waterfowl (n = 50) and migratory birds (n = 30) were screened to detect MDR Shigella isolates. Shigella spp. were isolated and identified by culturing, staining, and biochemical tests followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A disk diffusion assay was employed to investigate antibiotic phenotypes, while the resistance genes were detected by PCR. Among the 80 samples, 15 (18.75%) were found positive for Shigella spp. by PCR, among which the occurrence rate of Shigella spp. was higher in migratory birds (20%, 6/30) than in wild waterfowl (18%, 9/50). By the disk diffusion test, 86.67% (13/15) of Shigella spp. isolates were found to be MDR in nature, including 93.33% of isolates resistant to imipenem. Moreover, frequent and moderate resistance was also observed against tetracycline (86.67%), azithromycin (80%), ampicillin (66.67%), ciprofloxacin and cotrimoxazole (40%), meropenem (26.67%), and streptomycin (13.33%). The bivariate analysis revealed a positive correlation between the resistance profiles of ciprofloxacin and cotrimoxazole, imipenem and tetracycline, tetracycline and ampicillin, and imipenem and azithromycin. Furthermore, the isolates had a multiple antibiotic resistance index of up to 0.47. Antibiotic resistance genes tetA and SHV were found in 69.23% and 50% of relevant antibiotic-resistant Shigella spp. isolates, respectively. The present study suggests that wild waterfowl and migratory birds are reservoirs of MDR Shigella spp., which may have detrimental impacts on One Health components. We suggest keeping these birds under an AMR monitoring program to avoid the possibility of AMR contamination of the environment and its consequences in all health settings.
鸟类,特别是野生水禽和候鸟有可能携带耐抗生素细菌,但它们在这些耐药病原体传播中的作用在孟加拉国仍然被忽视。据我们所知,本研究首次在孟加拉国开展,目的是从野生水禽和候鸟的粪便中分离和确定多重耐药志贺氏菌的发生情况。从80份野生水禽(50份)和候鸟(30份)粪便中筛选出耐多药志贺氏菌分离株。通过培养、染色、生化试验及聚合酶链反应(PCR)分离鉴定志贺氏菌。采用圆盘扩散法研究抗生素表型,采用PCR检测耐药基因。80份样本中,15份(18.75%)标本PCR检出志贺氏菌,其中候鸟(20%,6/30)阳性率高于野生水禽(18%,9/50)。纸片扩散试验结果显示,86.67%(13/15)的志贺氏菌属分离株为耐多药,其中对亚胺培南耐药的占93.33%。此外,对四环素(86.67%)、阿奇霉素(80%)、氨苄西林(66.67%)、环丙沙星和复方新诺明(40%)、美罗培南(26.67%)、链霉素(13.33%)的耐药也较为频繁和中度。双因素分析显示,环丙沙星与复方新诺明、亚胺培南与四环素、四环素与氨苄西林、亚胺培南与阿奇霉素的耐药谱呈正相关。菌株多重耐药指数高达0.47。在相关耐药志贺菌分离株中分别检出69.23%和50%的耐药基因tetA和SHV。目前的研究表明,野生水禽和候鸟是耐多药志贺氏菌的宿主,这可能对One Health成分产生不利影响。我们建议将这些鸟类置于抗菌素耐药性监测计划之下,以避免抗菌素耐药性污染环境的可能性及其在所有卫生机构中的后果。
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引用次数: 0
Correlation between Post-Thaw Spermatozoa Quality of the Endangered Javan Banteng with OPN Gene Expression. 濒危爪哇斑羚解冻后精子质量与 OPN 基因表达的相关性
IF 1.9 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-07-05 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9982422
Vincentia Trisna Yoelinda, Raden Iis Arifiantini, Dedy Duryadi Solihin, Muhammad Agil, Dedi Rahmat Setiadi, Tulus Maulana, Bambang Purwantara, Yohana Tri Hastuti, Jansen Manansang, Dondin Sajuthi

The role of ex situ conservation facilities or captivity through captive breeding programs is essential in the conservation of the endangered Javan banteng. The development of semen cryopreservation may assist on one side of the conservation plan. However, the male Javan banteng reproductive capability must be considered as it influences the targeted outputs. Studying the potential biomarker for fertility such as osteopontin gene expression is also expected to help predict male fertility. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the quality of spermatozoa after thawing to help predict the male reproductive capability of Javan banteng. Furthermore, this study investigated the potential role of osteopontin gene expression in male Javan banteng fertility. A positive reinforcement approach was used to accustom the male and female animals as we focused on establishing a collection procedure using neither sedation nor anaesthesia. Semen samples were collected at Taman Safari Indonesia, Bogor, in accordance with the female banteng receptivity. Semen samples were then evaluated and then cryopreserved under field conditions. Our study showed the different predicted reproductive capability of the Javan banteng based on the post-thaw spermatozoa quality, which showed significant differences. The OPN gene showed positive correlations with the progressive motility (r = 0.711, p = 0.048), viability (r = 0.822, p = 0.012), and acrosomal integrity (r = 0.665, p = 0.072) of Javan banteng spermatozoa after thawing. Our study demonstrated the predicted Javan banteng reproductive capability based on various post-thaw spermatozoa variables. This finding is also the first report on the OPN gene potential to be developed as the assessment tool of post-thaw spermatozoa quality of the male Javan banteng. The findings in our study may help give recommendations for future breeding programs, especially in the ex situ conservation sites.

异地保护设施或通过人工繁殖计划进行圈养对保护濒危爪哇斑羚至关重要。精液冷冻保存技术的发展可能有助于保护计划的一方。但是,必须考虑到雄性爪哇棕羚的繁殖能力,因为它影响着目标产出。研究生育力的潜在生物标志物,如骨质素基因表达,也有望帮助预测雄性的生育力。因此,本研究旨在分析解冻后精子的质量,以帮助预测爪哇斑羚的雄性生殖能力。此外,本研究还调查了补骨脂素基因表达在雄性爪哇斑羚生育能力中的潜在作用。我们采用了一种积极的强化方法来习惯雄性和雌性动物,因为我们的重点是建立一种既不使用镇静剂也不使用麻醉剂的采集程序。我们根据雌性班腾的接受能力,在茂物的印尼野生动物园采集精液样本。然后在野外条件下对精液样本进行评估和冷冻保存。我们的研究表明,根据解冻后精子质量的不同,预测的爪哇班腾生殖能力也有显著差异。OPN 基因与解冻后爪哇斑羚精子的渐进运动性(r = 0.711,p = 0.048)、活力(r = 0.822,p = 0.012)和顶体完整性(r = 0.665,p = 0.072)呈正相关。我们的研究表明,根据解冻后精子的各种变量,可以预测爪哇斑羚的生殖能力。这一发现也是首次报道将OPN基因的潜力开发为评估雄性爪哇斑羚解冻后精子质量的工具。我们的研究结果可能有助于为未来的育种计划提供建议,尤其是在异地保护地点。
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引用次数: 0
The Effects of Lactobacillus farciminis and Lactobacillus rhamnosus on Growth, Blood Biochemical, and Meat Quality Indicators of Specific Pathogen-Free Broiler Chickens. 法氏乳杆菌和鼠李糖乳杆菌对特定无病原肉鸡生长、血液生化和肉质指标的影响
IF 1.9 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-07-04 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6297068
Sabine Eglite, Aija Ilgaza, Lauma Mancevica, Maksims Zolovs

The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus farciminis and Lactobacillus rhamnosus on live weight gain, feed consumption indicators, and some metabolic blood biochemical and meat quality indicators of specific pathogen-free Ross 308 broiler chickens. We carried out the study in three trials and included a total of 780 unsexed Ross 308 chickens, which we randomly divided into two groups: the control group (Con, n = 390, basal diet) and the probiotic group (ProL, n = 390, basal diet + a powder consisting of L. farciminis and L. rhamnosus 4 g/10 kg of feed). We raised broilers until day 35. We determined the amount of feed consumed, the average daily weight gain, the feed conversion ratio, the average daily feed intake, and the cumulative feed intake once a week. We collected blood samples from 45 broilers from each group at the end of the study. In addition, we slaughtered 30 broilers from each group by cervical dislocation to obtain a breast muscle sample (without skin) to determine meat quality in these chickens (cholesterol and unsaturated, omega-3, omega-6, omega-9, and saturated fatty acids). Feeding a probiotic mixture containing L. farciminis and L. rhamnosus did not significantly affect the growth and feed intake indicators. Feeding these probiotics significantly lowered the blood serum cholesterol levels but did not provide the expected reduction in meat cholesterol levels. However, feeding a probiotic mixture increased the levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids) in the breast meat and decreased saturated fatty acids. To better explain the effect of the combination of lactic acid bacteria (L. farciminis and L. rhamnosus) on the growth and development of broiler chickens in our study, histological and immunohistochemical examinations should be performed.

我们的研究旨在评估法氏乳杆菌和鼠李糖乳杆菌对特定无病原体罗斯 308 肉鸡的活增重、饲料消耗指标以及一些代谢血液生化指标和肉质指标的影响。我们分三个试验进行了这项研究,共纳入了 780 只未受精的 Ross 308 鸡,并将其随机分为两组:对照组(Con,n = 390,基础日粮)和益生菌组(ProL,n = 390,基础日粮 + 由 Farciminis 和鼠李糖球菌组成的粉末,4 克/10 千克饲料)。我们将肉鸡饲养到第 35 天。我们每周测定一次饲料消耗量、平均日增重、饲料转化率、平均日采食量和累计采食量。研究结束时,我们采集了每组 45 只肉鸡的血液样本。此外,我们还对每组的 30 只肉鸡进行了颈椎脱臼屠宰,以获得胸肌样本(不带皮),从而确定这些鸡的肉质(胆固醇和不饱和脂肪酸、欧米茄-3 脂肪酸、欧米茄-6 脂肪酸、欧米茄-9 脂肪酸和饱和脂肪酸)。饲喂含有法氏乳杆菌和鼠李糖杆菌的益生菌混合物对生长和采食量指标没有显著影响。饲喂这些益生菌可明显降低血清胆固醇水平,但并没有达到预期的降低肉类胆固醇水平的效果。然而,饲喂益生菌混合物可提高胸肉中多不饱和脂肪酸(ω-3 和 ω-6 脂肪酸)的含量,并降低饱和脂肪酸的含量。在我们的研究中,为了更好地解释乳酸菌(法氏乳杆菌和鼠李糖乳杆菌)组合对肉鸡生长发育的影响,应该进行组织学和免疫组化检查。
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引用次数: 0
Identification and Prevalence of Brucella Species Circulating among Cattle Slaughtered in the Douala and Buea Municipalities of Cameroon 喀麦隆杜阿拉和布埃亚市屠宰牛中布鲁氏菌的鉴定和流行
IF 3.1 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-04-10 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2068948
Seraphine Mojoko Eko, S. Esemu, A. Njouendou, A. J. Kfusi, N. Anong, L. Ndip
Brucellosis is a neglected zoonotic disease affecting the livestock sector in low-income countries. Cameroon, a lower-middle-income country in sub-Saharan Africa, has reported the prevalence of brucellosis in regions where livestock rearing is the principal economic activity. However, the presence of the disease has not been reported in southern regions receiving cattle for consumption by their population. In addition, there is no report on the Brucella species circulating in Cameroon. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of brucellosis in cattle slaughtered in the Buea and Douala slaughterhouses and identify the Brucella species circulating among these animals. A total of 576 cattle serum samples were collected from the Buea and Douala slaughterhouses and analysed by ELISA. Following the ELISA assay, all samples were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. The bcsp31 gene primers were used for the genus-specific PCR. All bcsp31-positive samples were subjected to species-specific PCR. Primers targeting the IS711 gene sequence were used to identify the abortus-melitensis-ovis-suis species. The prevalence of brucellosis in both locations was 3.1% and 5.4% using the ELISA and PCR assays, respectively. Out of the 18 ELISA-positive samples, 5 (27%) were positive with PCR, while 26 (4.7%) of the ELISA-negative samples were positive with PCR. The Brucella species in circulation were identified using the Sanger sequencing technique. The sequences were 99.3% to 100% identical to the B. abortus strain BJ1-23 and the B. abortus strain BJ1-1 of the 31 kDa antigen (bcsp31) gene from India. This is the first report on the genotypic characterisation of Brucella species in Cameroon and confirms brucellosis in cattle at the Buea and Douala slaughterhouses.
布鲁氏菌病是影响低收入国家畜牧业的一种被忽视的人畜共患疾病。喀麦隆是撒哈拉以南非洲的一个中低收入国家,据报告,在以牲畜饲养为主要经济活动的地区,布鲁氏菌病流行。然而,在接收牛供其人口食用的南部地区,尚未报告存在这种疾病。此外,没有关于在喀麦隆流行的布鲁氏菌的报告。本研究旨在确定在Buea和Douala屠宰场屠宰的牛中布鲁氏菌病的流行情况,并确定在这些动物中传播的布鲁氏菌种类。从Buea和Douala屠宰场共收集了576份牛血清样本,并通过ELISA进行了分析。ELISA检测后,所有样品进行聚合酶链反应(PCR)分析。采用bcsp31基因引物进行属特异性PCR。所有bcsp31阳性标本均进行种特异性PCR。以IS711基因序列为目标引物,对流产-雌-卵-猪进行了鉴定。使用ELISA和PCR检测,这两个地点的布鲁氏菌病患病率分别为3.1%和5.4%。在18份elisa阳性样本中,PCR阳性5份(27%),PCR阳性26份(4.7%)。使用Sanger测序技术鉴定了流行的布鲁氏菌种类。该序列与产自印度的产弧菌BJ1-23和产弧菌BJ1-1的31 kDa抗原(bcsp31)基因同源性为99.3% ~ 100%。这是关于喀麦隆布鲁氏菌物种基因型特征的第一份报告,并证实了Buea和Douala屠宰场的牛中存在布鲁氏菌病。
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引用次数: 0
Molecular Prevalence and Risk Factors of Campylobacter Infection in Puppies in the Nairobi Metropolitan Region, Kenya. 肯尼亚内罗毕市区小狗弯曲杆菌感染的分子流行率和风险因素。
IF 1.9 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-04-08 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8813405
Sharon N Mbindyo, Jafred M A Kitaa, Tequiero O Abuom, Gabriel O Aboge, Daniel W Muasya, Beatrice W Muchira, Nduhiu Gitahi, Charles M Mulei

Campylobacter species are widely distributed pathogens; however, data on its epidemiology in puppies remain scanty, especially in Kenya. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Nairobi Metropolitan Region to determine molecular prevalence and associated risk factors of Campylobacter species infection in puppies. A total of 260 rectal swabs were collected from puppies from breeding kennels, shelters, and the University of Nairobi Veterinary Teaching and Referral Hospital. The samples were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for identification of Campylobacter species. Data on potential risk factors associated with puppy exposure were collected using a semistructured questionnaire. Multivariable mixed effects logistic regression analyses were performed with kennels as random effects. Campylobacter species were detected in 64 of the 260 sampled puppies yielding an overall prevalence of 24.6%. Multivariable results showed that puppies from shelters, puppies from kennels that are washed daily, puppies with a recent history of vomiting, and those treated with antibiotics in the past month were significantly associated with the presence of Campylobacter species. Being a kenneled puppy and having had concurrent bacterial infections were identified as protective factors. This study provides molecular evidence of puppy exposure to Campylobacter species which could have impact on puppy health and highlights the need to develop awareness and management strategies to potentially reduce the risk of transmitting this pathogen among puppies, to humans, and other animals.

弯曲杆菌是一种广泛分布的病原体,但有关其在幼犬中流行病学的数据仍然很少,尤其是在肯尼亚。我们在内罗毕大都会地区进行了一项横断面研究,以确定幼犬弯曲杆菌感染的分子流行率和相关风险因素。研究人员从繁殖犬舍、收容所和内罗毕大学兽医教学与转诊医院共收集了 260 份幼犬直肠拭子。对样本进行聚合酶链反应 (PCR) 检测,以确定弯曲杆菌的种类。通过半结构式问卷调查收集了与幼犬接触相关的潜在风险因素数据。以犬舍为随机效应进行多变量混合效应逻辑回归分析。在抽样的 260 只幼犬中,有 64 只检测到弯曲杆菌,总患病率为 24.6%。多变量结果显示,来自收容所的幼犬、来自每天清洗的犬舍的幼犬、近期有呕吐史的幼犬以及在过去一个月中接受过抗生素治疗的幼犬与弯曲杆菌的存在有显著关联。而幼犬被关在狗舍中和同时患有细菌感染则被认为是保护因素。这项研究提供了幼犬暴露于弯曲杆菌的分子证据,这可能会影响幼犬的健康,并强调有必要制定宣传和管理策略,以降低这种病原体在幼犬、人类和其他动物之间传播的风险。
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引用次数: 0
Age as a Determinant of the Effectiveness of Intravaginal Sponges Impregnated with Progestin and Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin for Multiple Births Induction of Awassi Ewes 年龄是阴道内海绵浸渍黄体酮和马绒毛膜促性腺激素诱导Awassi母羊多胞胎有效性的决定因素
IF 3.1 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-03-14 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9800053
A. Daham, A. Jaber, Jabbar A. A. Al-Saaidi
The present study was conducted to evaluate the role of age in the effectiveness of intravaginal progestin-impregnated sponges (IPIS) along with equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) on the multiple birth rates of Awassi ewes. One hundred mature ewes (live weight was 35–40 kg and age 2–5 years) were allocated to three groups according to their ages (n = 29, 2-3 years;n = 34, 3-4 years; and n = 37, 4-5 years). All ewes were impregnated with IPIS, injected with 20 mg cronolone, for 14 days, and eCG (400 IU, i.m.) at sponges withdrawal. All treated ewes came to estrus (100%); the highest twining rate was recorded in ewes aged 2-3 years, while the highest triple rate were found in those aged 3-4 years. A negative correlation coefficient was recorded between the age of treated ewes and the multiple births. In conclusion, the best age of Awassi ewes for estrus synchronization programs and multiple birth outcomes using IPIS along with eCG is 2–4 years.
本研究旨在探讨年龄对阴道内孕激素浸渍海绵(IPIS)和马绒毛膜促性腺激素(eCG)对阿瓦西母羊多胎率的影响。试验选取活重35 ~ 40 kg、年龄2 ~ 5岁的成年母羊100只,按母羊年龄分为3组(n = 29、2 ~ 3岁;n = 34、3 ~ 4岁;n = 37, 4-5年)。所有母羊均经IPIS浸泡,注射克诺龙20 mg,持续14天,并在海绵停药时进行心电图(400iu, i.m)。所有治疗过的母羊都能发情(100%);2 ~ 3岁母羊缠绕率最高,3 ~ 4岁母羊缠绕率最高。母羊年龄与多胎率呈负相关。总之,使用IPIS和eCG进行发情同步程序和多胎分娩结果的Awassi母羊的最佳年龄是2-4岁。
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引用次数: 0
The Effect of Erythritol Injection in Decreasing of Abortion Rate in Local Breed Ewes. 赤藓糖醇注射液对降低地方品种母羊流产率的影响。
IF 3.1 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8197703
Maher Saber Owain, Mustafa Salah Hasan, Ali Ghazi Atiyah

This study designed to evaluate the effect of Erythritol injection in decreasing of abortion rate in local breed ewes. Fifty pregnant ewes from local breed aged 2-4 years with a history of abortion except G1, were fed ad libitum hay and grains with water. The study was carried out in Salah Aldein province at special farm at a period of July-November 2022. These animals were tests for brucella by using rose Bengal and ELISA at zero day for confirmation; these animals were divided into 5 groups: G1 was brucella -ve and pregnant at 60 days, G2 was brucella +ve and pregnant at 60 days, G3 brucella+ve pregnant animals and treated by antibiotics gentamicin 10%, 3 ml/animal for 3 days, G4 brucella +ve and pregnant and giving erythritol, 10 ml S/C of 10% solution (solve in water and glycerol), and G5 was brucella +ve, and all pregnant and giving Erythritol+ gentamycin 10%, 3 ml/animal for 3 days. The experiment takes 12 weeks. Blood was withdrawn at different times of experiment (0, 2 weeks and end of experiment). The seroprevalence of brucellosis was shown that all animals at G4 and G5 where seropositive after 14 days of experiment, at end of pregnancy the seropositivity were highly significantly in G4 and G5 as compared with another groups. The current results showed that percentages of abortion were higher in G2, followed by G3, while it has been reduced significantly in G4 and G1. In conclusion, Erythritol alone can decrease the rate of abortion by making the bacteria extracellular far from placenta and evading of infection by immunity and/or gentamicin injection. Also, erythritol can be used as elicit diagnosis of brucellosis in latent infected animals.

本研究旨在评价赤藓糖醇注射液对降低地方品种母羊流产率的作用。选取除G1外2 ~ 4岁有流产史的当地品种母羊50只,随意饲喂干草和谷物加水。该研究于2022年7月至11月在Salah Aldein省的一个特殊农场进行。对这些动物进行了布鲁氏菌检测,并在第0天使用玫瑰孟加拉和酶联免疫吸附试验进行确认;将这些动物分为5组:G1组为布氏菌-ve并于60 d怀孕,G2组为布氏菌+ve并于60 d怀孕,G3组布氏菌+ve已怀孕,给予抗生素庆大霉素10%,3 ml/只,3 d, G4组布氏菌+ve已怀孕,给予赤藓糖醇10% S/C溶液(溶于水和甘油中),G5组布氏菌+ve已怀孕,均给予赤藓糖醇+庆大霉素10%,3 ml/只,3 d。实验耗时12周。在实验的不同时间(0、2周和实验结束)抽血。实验14 d后,G4和G5组动物的布鲁氏菌病血清阳性率均为阳性,妊娠结束时,G4和G5组动物的血清阳性率显著高于其他组。目前的结果显示,G2流产率较高,G3次之,而G4和G1的流产率明显降低。结论赤藓糖醇单独使用可使细菌远离胎盘,通过免疫和/或注射庆大霉素避免感染,从而降低流产率。此外,赤藓糖醇可用于布鲁氏菌病潜伏感染动物的诱发诊断。
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引用次数: 0
A Case of Laying Hens Mycosis Caused by Fusarium proliferatum. 蛋鸡增生性镰刀菌性真菌病1例。
IF 3.1 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5281260
Ramziya M Potekhina, Evgenya Yu Tarasova, Lilia E Matrosova, Nail I Khammadov, Alexander M Saifutdinov, Olga K Ermolaeva, Svetlana A Tanaseva, Nailya N Mishina, Gali N Nigmatulin, Aisylu Z Mukharlyamova, Sergey Yu Smolentsev, Eduard I Semenov

In this article, we present the first case report of a chicken mycosis caused by F. proliferatum occurred on a private farm in the Russian Federation. Lesions on the skin of the legs and scallops were reported. The object of this study was samples of feed and pathological material from sick hens-layers. Mycological analysis included determination of the total number of fungi (TNF) and identification and determination of the toxicity and pathogenicity of the isolates. The identification of the isolate was carried out taking into account direct microscopy, morphological features, and the method of molecular genetic analysis. Microscopic fungi of the genus Penicillium and Rhizopus were isolated by mycological analysis of the feed. The test feed was nontoxic. Mycological examination of pathological material (scrapings from the combs and affected legs) identified an isolate of Fusarium proliferatum, which showed toxicity on biological objects (protozoa, rabbits) and pathogenicity (white mice). Dermal application of F. proliferatum suspension was accompanied by reddening of the rabbit skin. Intraperitoneal injection of fungal spores caused mycosis in white mice. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) made it possible to identify this type of microscopic fungus (F. proliferatum) with high accuracy in the samples under study. The research results allow us to consider F. proliferatum as a cause of poultry disease against the background of predisposing factors in the form of desquamation of the stratum corneum of the skin against the background of immunosuppression and metabolic disorders caused by an imbalance in the diet.

在这篇文章中,我们报告了俄罗斯联邦一个私人农场发生的由增殖F.引起的鸡真菌病的第一例报告。腿部和扇贝皮肤上的病变也有报道。本研究的对象是病蛋鸡的饲料和病理材料样品。真菌学分析包括真菌总数(TNF)的测定以及分离株毒性和致病性的鉴定和测定。利用直接显微镜、形态学特征和分子遗传分析方法对分离物进行鉴定。通过对饲料的真菌学分析,分离出了青霉属和根霉属的显微真菌。试验饲料是无毒的。病理材料的真菌学检查(梳子和患病腿的刮屑)鉴定出一株增生性镰刀菌,该菌株对生物对象(原生动物、家兔)显示出毒性和致病性(小白鼠)。皮肤应用增芽菌悬浮液后,家兔皮肤出现红肿现象。小鼠腹腔注射真菌孢子可引起真菌病。聚合酶链反应(PCR)可以在研究的样品中高精度地鉴定出这种微型真菌(F. proliferatum)。研究结果使我们能够考虑,在以皮肤角质层脱屑形式为诱发因素的背景下,在饮食不平衡引起的免疫抑制和代谢紊乱的背景下,增殖F.作为家禽疾病的一个原因。
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引用次数: 3
Electromyography of the External Anal Sphincter during Micturition and Electrophysiological Bulbocavernosus Reflex in Healthy Spayed Female Canines. 健康绝育雌犬排尿时肛门外括约肌肌电图及球海绵体反射电生理。
IF 3.1 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3822212
Nicha Mongkolrat, Areerath Akatvipat, Phitchaya Saenubol, Pachara Pornnimitara, Sukolrat Boonyayatra, Siam Tongprasert

This study aimed to find methods and interferences and illustrate the pattern of external anal sphincter (EAS) electromyography (EMG) during micturition and to determine reference intervals of electrophysiological bulbocavernosus reflex (EBCR) by using robust statistical methods in healthy spayed female canines. Ten healthy spayed female canines (no breed restriction) with a body weight of 11.3-18 kg were enrolled. EAS EMG during micturition and the EBCR test were performed under light general anesthesia. Altogether 25 out of 34 EAS EMG showed a similar pattern, including low-amplitude high-frequency bursting pattern before voiding, medium- or high-amplitude low-frequency bursting pattern at the beginning of voiding, oscillate medium- and/or high-amplitude low-frequency bursting with a low-amplitude high-frequency bursting pattern during voiding, and high-amplitude high-frequency bursting pattern at the end of voiding. An average of 100 consecutive stimulations of EBCR for one cycle were performed in each dog and another cycle was repeated to ensure reproducibility. The lower and upper limits of the reference interval of EBCR onset latency values and EBCR mean amplitude values were calculated using both standard and robust methods with untransformed and transformed Box-Cox data. The EBCR onset latency was between 13.85 and 27.44 milliseconds, whereas the EBCR mean baseline to peak amplitude was not transformed with Box-Cox transformation. All EBCR compound muscle action potentials started with a negative sharp wave, which tapers from the baseline in the upward direction, showing an upturned bell-shaped curve. In conclusion, this study was possibly the first to examine the method and provide the electrographic pattern of EAS EMG during micturition and reference intervals of EBCR onset latency in spayed female dogs, which may serve as baseline information to help veterinarians differentiate healthy from diseased dogs. Further studies should compare normal dogs and dogs with lower urinary tract abnormalities at different lesion locations.

本研究旨在通过稳健的统计方法,寻找排尿过程中肛门外括约肌(EAS)肌电图(EMG)的干扰和模式,并确定电生理球海绵体反射(EBCR)的参考间隔。10只健康的雌性绝育犬(无品种限制),体重11.3-18 kg。在轻全身麻醉下进行排尿时EAS肌电图和EBCR试验。在34例EAS肌电图中,有25例表现出类似的模式,包括排尿前的低振幅高频爆破模式、排尿开始时的中或高振幅低频爆破模式、排尿过程中振荡的中或高振幅低频爆破模式和低振幅高频爆破模式,以及排尿结束时的高振幅高频爆破模式。每只狗在一个周期内平均连续刺激EBCR 100次,并重复另一个周期以确保可重复性。利用未变换和变换后的Box-Cox数据,分别采用标准和鲁棒方法计算EBCR发作潜伏期值和EBCR平均振幅值参考区间的上下限。EBCR发病潜伏期在13.85 ~ 27.44毫秒之间,而EBCR平均基线到峰值振幅未进行Box-Cox变换。所有EBCR复合肌动作电位均以负尖波开始,负尖波从基线向上逐渐变细,呈上倒的钟形曲线。总之,本研究可能是首次对该方法进行检验,并提供了绝育母犬排尿时EAS肌电图的电图模式和EBCR发病潜伏期的参考间隔,这可能作为基线信息,帮助兽医区分健康犬和患病犬。进一步的研究应该比较正常犬和不同病变部位的下尿路异常犬。
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引用次数: 0
Lycopene in Feed as Antioxidant and Immuno-Modulator Improves Broiler Chicken's Performance under Heat-Stress Conditions. 饲料中番茄红素作为抗氧化剂和免疫调节剂提高热应激条件下肉仔鸡生产性能。
IF 3.1 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5418081
Dalila Fadhila Hidayat, Mohamad Yusril Nur Mahendra, Juriah Kamaludeen, Herinda Pertiwi

Lycopene is a type of carotenoid pigment widely distributed in various plants and fruits, with tomatoes, carrots, and guava being the most abundant sources. Due to its high content of beneficial active components, lycopene has been used in medicine, where it is employed as a dietary additive for cancer therapy, immune modulator, and feed additive to improve livestock productivity. Lycopene is a lipophilic substance that can act as either a prooxidant or a free radical scavenger and is particularly efficient in enhancing broiler performance. Furthermore, lycopene can alleviate heat stress by improving the activity of various antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT), as well as increasing the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and nuclear muscle factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), while simultaneously reducing the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and muscle Keap1 expression. In addition, lycopene can improve broiler fertility by enhancing sperm performance and reducing inflammation by modulating the levels of interleukin 1, 2, and 10 (IL-1, IL-2, and IL-10) in cases of infection. In cases of disease by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), lycopene can modulate interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IL-1, claudin-1 (CLDN-1), and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1). Furthermore, under the lipopolysaccharide challenge, lycopene can increase the relative weights of immune organ indices such as the bursal, spleen, and thymus.

番茄红素是一种类胡萝卜素色素,广泛分布于各种植物和水果中,以番茄、胡萝卜和番石榴为最丰富的来源。由于其有益活性成分含量高,番茄红素已被用于医学,在那里它被用作癌症治疗的膳食添加剂,免疫调节剂和饲料添加剂,以提高牲畜的生产力。番茄红素是一种亲脂性物质,可以作为氧化剂或自由基清除剂,对提高肉鸡生产性能特别有效。此外,番茄红素可以通过提高超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)等多种抗氧化酶的活性,提高总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和核肌因子红系2相关因子2 (Nrf2),同时降低丙二醛(MDA)水平和肌肉Keap1的表达来缓解热应激。此外,番茄红素可以通过调节感染情况下白细胞介素1、2和10 (IL-1、IL-2和IL-10)的水平,提高精子性能和减少炎症,从而提高肉鸡的生育能力。在黄曲霉毒素B1 (AFB1)引起的疾病中,番茄红素可以调节干扰素-γ (IFN-γ)、IL-1、CLDN-1 (CLDN-1)和闭塞带-1 (ZO-1)。此外,在脂多糖的刺激下,番茄红素可以增加法氏囊、脾脏和胸腺等免疫器官指标的相对重量。
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引用次数: 0
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Veterinary Medicine International
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