Pub Date : 2023-04-08eCollection Date: 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1155/2023/8813405
Sharon N Mbindyo, Jafred M A Kitaa, Tequiero O Abuom, Gabriel O Aboge, Daniel W Muasya, Beatrice W Muchira, Nduhiu Gitahi, Charles M Mulei
Campylobacter species are widely distributed pathogens; however, data on its epidemiology in puppies remain scanty, especially in Kenya. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Nairobi Metropolitan Region to determine molecular prevalence and associated risk factors of Campylobacter species infection in puppies. A total of 260 rectal swabs were collected from puppies from breeding kennels, shelters, and the University of Nairobi Veterinary Teaching and Referral Hospital. The samples were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for identification of Campylobacter species. Data on potential risk factors associated with puppy exposure were collected using a semistructured questionnaire. Multivariable mixed effects logistic regression analyses were performed with kennels as random effects. Campylobacter species were detected in 64 of the 260 sampled puppies yielding an overall prevalence of 24.6%. Multivariable results showed that puppies from shelters, puppies from kennels that are washed daily, puppies with a recent history of vomiting, and those treated with antibiotics in the past month were significantly associated with the presence of Campylobacter species. Being a kenneled puppy and having had concurrent bacterial infections were identified as protective factors. This study provides molecular evidence of puppy exposure to Campylobacter species which could have impact on puppy health and highlights the need to develop awareness and management strategies to potentially reduce the risk of transmitting this pathogen among puppies, to humans, and other animals.
{"title":"Molecular Prevalence and Risk Factors of <i>Campylobacter</i> Infection in Puppies in the Nairobi Metropolitan Region, Kenya.","authors":"Sharon N Mbindyo, Jafred M A Kitaa, Tequiero O Abuom, Gabriel O Aboge, Daniel W Muasya, Beatrice W Muchira, Nduhiu Gitahi, Charles M Mulei","doi":"10.1155/2023/8813405","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/8813405","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Campylobacter</i> species are widely distributed pathogens; however, data on its epidemiology in puppies remain scanty, especially in Kenya. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Nairobi Metropolitan Region to determine molecular prevalence and associated risk factors of <i>Campylobacter</i> species infection in puppies. A total of 260 rectal swabs were collected from puppies from breeding kennels, shelters, and the University of Nairobi Veterinary Teaching and Referral Hospital. The samples were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for identification of <i>Campylobacter</i> species. Data on potential risk factors associated with puppy exposure were collected using a semistructured questionnaire. Multivariable mixed effects logistic regression analyses were performed with kennels as random effects. <i>Campylobacter</i> species were detected in 64 of the 260 sampled puppies yielding an overall prevalence of 24.6%. Multivariable results showed that puppies from shelters, puppies from kennels that are washed daily, puppies with a recent history of vomiting, and those treated with antibiotics in the past month were significantly associated with the presence of <i>Campylobacter</i> species. Being a kenneled puppy and having had concurrent bacterial infections were identified as protective factors. This study provides molecular evidence of puppy exposure to <i>Campylobacter</i> species which could have impact on puppy health and highlights the need to develop awareness and management strategies to potentially reduce the risk of transmitting this pathogen among puppies, to humans, and other animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10118876/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9443784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-27eCollection Date: 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1155/2023/8627515
Yousra Nomier, Jessica Meiβner, Manfred Kietzmann
MgAg 1% alloys inhibit bacterial growth during the dry-off period. MgAg1% silver and magnesium amount was determined and the supernatant was used for the detection of antibacterial tests against S. aureus and E. coli and Geobacillus stearothermophilus var. calidolacits. The antibacterial effect of AgNO3 solution and degradation medium of MgAg1% sticks were evaluated. The bouillon dilution test showed a 5-fold reduction in bacterial colonies. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) calculations were used to test the antibacterial activity. The Brilliant Black Reduction Test (BRT-MRL screening test) showed inhibition of Geobacillus stearothermophilus bacteria at AgNO3 concentrations 0.01 mmol/l and 3 ml of degradation medium. Results were satisfying, concerning biocompatibility, degradation, and antibacterial effects.
{"title":"Novel Study Antimicrobial and Biocompatibility Effect of Magnesium Silver Alloys 1% on Bovine Bacterial Species.","authors":"Yousra Nomier, Jessica Meiβner, Manfred Kietzmann","doi":"10.1155/2023/8627515","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/8627515","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>MgAg 1% alloys inhibit bacterial growth during the dry-off period. MgAg1% silver and magnesium amount was determined and the supernatant was used for the detection of antibacterial tests against <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>E. coli</i> and <i>Geobacillus stearothermophilus</i> var. <i>calidolacits</i>. The antibacterial effect of AgNO<sub>3</sub> solution and degradation medium of MgAg1% sticks were evaluated. The bouillon dilution test showed a 5-fold reduction in bacterial colonies. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) calculations were used to test the antibacterial activity. The Brilliant Black Reduction Test (BRT-MRL screening test) showed inhibition of <i>Geobacillus stearothermophilus</i> bacteria at AgNO<sub>3</sub> concentrations 0.01 mmol/l and 3 ml of degradation medium. Results were satisfying, concerning biocompatibility, degradation, and antibacterial effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11401738/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75330862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study was conducted to evaluate the role of age in the effectiveness of intravaginal progestin-impregnated sponges (IPIS) along with equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) on the multiple birth rates of Awassi ewes. One hundred mature ewes (live weight was 35–40 kg and age 2–5 years) were allocated to three groups according to their ages (n = 29, 2-3 years;n = 34, 3-4 years; and n = 37, 4-5 years). All ewes were impregnated with IPIS, injected with 20 mg cronolone, for 14 days, and eCG (400 IU, i.m.) at sponges withdrawal. All treated ewes came to estrus (100%); the highest twining rate was recorded in ewes aged 2-3 years, while the highest triple rate were found in those aged 3-4 years. A negative correlation coefficient was recorded between the age of treated ewes and the multiple births. In conclusion, the best age of Awassi ewes for estrus synchronization programs and multiple birth outcomes using IPIS along with eCG is 2–4 years.
{"title":"Age as a Determinant of the Effectiveness of Intravaginal Sponges Impregnated with Progestin and Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin for Multiple Births Induction of Awassi Ewes","authors":"A. Daham, A. Jaber, Jabbar A. A. Al-Saaidi","doi":"10.1155/2023/9800053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9800053","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted to evaluate the role of age in the effectiveness of intravaginal progestin-impregnated sponges (IPIS) along with equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) on the multiple birth rates of Awassi ewes. One hundred mature ewes (live weight was 35–40 kg and age 2–5 years) were allocated to three groups according to their ages (n = 29, 2-3 years;n = 34, 3-4 years; and n = 37, 4-5 years). All ewes were impregnated with IPIS, injected with 20 mg cronolone, for 14 days, and eCG (400 IU, i.m.) at sponges withdrawal. All treated ewes came to estrus (100%); the highest twining rate was recorded in ewes aged 2-3 years, while the highest triple rate were found in those aged 3-4 years. A negative correlation coefficient was recorded between the age of treated ewes and the multiple births. In conclusion, the best age of Awassi ewes for estrus synchronization programs and multiple birth outcomes using IPIS along with eCG is 2–4 years.","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81855598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maher Saber Owain, Mustafa Salah Hasan, Ali Ghazi Atiyah
This study designed to evaluate the effect of Erythritol injection in decreasing of abortion rate in local breed ewes. Fifty pregnant ewes from local breed aged 2-4 years with a history of abortion except G1, were fed ad libitum hay and grains with water. The study was carried out in Salah Aldein province at special farm at a period of July-November 2022. These animals were tests for brucella by using rose Bengal and ELISA at zero day for confirmation; these animals were divided into 5 groups: G1 was brucella -ve and pregnant at 60 days, G2 was brucella +ve and pregnant at 60 days, G3 brucella+ve pregnant animals and treated by antibiotics gentamicin 10%, 3 ml/animal for 3 days, G4 brucella +ve and pregnant and giving erythritol, 10 ml S/C of 10% solution (solve in water and glycerol), and G5 was brucella +ve, and all pregnant and giving Erythritol+ gentamycin 10%, 3 ml/animal for 3 days. The experiment takes 12 weeks. Blood was withdrawn at different times of experiment (0, 2 weeks and end of experiment). The seroprevalence of brucellosis was shown that all animals at G4 and G5 where seropositive after 14 days of experiment, at end of pregnancy the seropositivity were highly significantly in G4 and G5 as compared with another groups. The current results showed that percentages of abortion were higher in G2, followed by G3, while it has been reduced significantly in G4 and G1. In conclusion, Erythritol alone can decrease the rate of abortion by making the bacteria extracellular far from placenta and evading of infection by immunity and/or gentamicin injection. Also, erythritol can be used as elicit diagnosis of brucellosis in latent infected animals.
{"title":"The Effect of Erythritol Injection in Decreasing of Abortion Rate in Local Breed Ewes.","authors":"Maher Saber Owain, Mustafa Salah Hasan, Ali Ghazi Atiyah","doi":"10.1155/2023/8197703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8197703","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study designed to evaluate the effect of Erythritol injection in decreasing of abortion rate in local breed ewes. Fifty pregnant ewes from local breed aged 2-4 years with a history of abortion except G1, were fed ad libitum hay and grains with water. The study was carried out in Salah Aldein province at special farm at a period of July-November 2022. These animals were tests for brucella by using rose Bengal and ELISA at zero day for confirmation; these animals were divided into 5 groups: G1 was brucella -ve and pregnant at 60 days, G2 was brucella +ve and pregnant at 60 days, G3 brucella+ve pregnant animals and treated by antibiotics gentamicin 10%, 3 ml/animal for 3 days, G4 brucella +ve and pregnant and giving erythritol, 10 ml S/C of 10% solution (solve in water and glycerol), and G5 was brucella +ve, and all pregnant and giving Erythritol+ gentamycin 10%, 3 ml/animal for 3 days. The experiment takes 12 weeks. Blood was withdrawn at different times of experiment (0, 2 weeks and end of experiment). The seroprevalence of brucellosis was shown that all animals at G4 and G5 where seropositive after 14 days of experiment, at end of pregnancy the seropositivity were highly significantly in G4 and G5 as compared with another groups. The current results showed that percentages of abortion were higher in G2, followed by G3, while it has been reduced significantly in G4 and G1. In conclusion, Erythritol alone can decrease the rate of abortion by making the bacteria extracellular far from placenta and evading of infection by immunity and/or gentamicin injection. Also, erythritol can be used as elicit diagnosis of brucellosis in latent infected animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10154093/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9416369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ramziya M Potekhina, Evgenya Yu Tarasova, Lilia E Matrosova, Nail I Khammadov, Alexander M Saifutdinov, Olga K Ermolaeva, Svetlana A Tanaseva, Nailya N Mishina, Gali N Nigmatulin, Aisylu Z Mukharlyamova, Sergey Yu Smolentsev, Eduard I Semenov
In this article, we present the first case report of a chicken mycosis caused by F. proliferatum occurred on a private farm in the Russian Federation. Lesions on the skin of the legs and scallops were reported. The object of this study was samples of feed and pathological material from sick hens-layers. Mycological analysis included determination of the total number of fungi (TNF) and identification and determination of the toxicity and pathogenicity of the isolates. The identification of the isolate was carried out taking into account direct microscopy, morphological features, and the method of molecular genetic analysis. Microscopic fungi of the genus Penicillium and Rhizopus were isolated by mycological analysis of the feed. The test feed was nontoxic. Mycological examination of pathological material (scrapings from the combs and affected legs) identified an isolate of Fusarium proliferatum, which showed toxicity on biological objects (protozoa, rabbits) and pathogenicity (white mice). Dermal application of F. proliferatum suspension was accompanied by reddening of the rabbit skin. Intraperitoneal injection of fungal spores caused mycosis in white mice. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) made it possible to identify this type of microscopic fungus (F. proliferatum) with high accuracy in the samples under study. The research results allow us to consider F. proliferatum as a cause of poultry disease against the background of predisposing factors in the form of desquamation of the stratum corneum of the skin against the background of immunosuppression and metabolic disorders caused by an imbalance in the diet.
{"title":"A Case of Laying Hens Mycosis Caused by <i>Fusarium proliferatum</i>.","authors":"Ramziya M Potekhina, Evgenya Yu Tarasova, Lilia E Matrosova, Nail I Khammadov, Alexander M Saifutdinov, Olga K Ermolaeva, Svetlana A Tanaseva, Nailya N Mishina, Gali N Nigmatulin, Aisylu Z Mukharlyamova, Sergey Yu Smolentsev, Eduard I Semenov","doi":"10.1155/2023/5281260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5281260","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this article, we present the first case report of a chicken mycosis caused by <i>F. proliferatum</i> occurred on a private farm in the Russian Federation. Lesions on the skin of the legs and scallops were reported. The object of this study was samples of feed and pathological material from sick hens-layers. Mycological analysis included determination of the total number of fungi (TNF) and identification and determination of the toxicity and pathogenicity of the isolates. The identification of the isolate was carried out taking into account direct microscopy, morphological features, and the method of molecular genetic analysis. Microscopic fungi of the genus <i>Penicillium</i> and <i>Rhizopus</i> were isolated by mycological analysis of the feed. The test feed was nontoxic. Mycological examination of pathological material (scrapings from the combs and affected legs) identified an isolate of <i>Fusarium proliferatum</i>, which showed toxicity on biological objects (protozoa, rabbits) and pathogenicity (white mice). Dermal application of <i>F. proliferatum</i> suspension was accompanied by reddening of the rabbit skin. Intraperitoneal injection of fungal spores caused mycosis in white mice. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) made it possible to identify this type of microscopic fungus (<i>F. proliferatum</i>) with high accuracy in the samples under study. The research results allow us to consider <i>F. proliferatum</i> as a cause of poultry disease against the background of predisposing factors in the form of desquamation of the stratum corneum of the skin against the background of immunosuppression and metabolic disorders caused by an imbalance in the diet.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10164870/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9453329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lycopene is a type of carotenoid pigment widely distributed in various plants and fruits, with tomatoes, carrots, and guava being the most abundant sources. Due to its high content of beneficial active components, lycopene has been used in medicine, where it is employed as a dietary additive for cancer therapy, immune modulator, and feed additive to improve livestock productivity. Lycopene is a lipophilic substance that can act as either a prooxidant or a free radical scavenger and is particularly efficient in enhancing broiler performance. Furthermore, lycopene can alleviate heat stress by improving the activity of various antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT), as well as increasing the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and nuclear muscle factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), while simultaneously reducing the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and muscle Keap1 expression. In addition, lycopene can improve broiler fertility by enhancing sperm performance and reducing inflammation by modulating the levels of interleukin 1, 2, and 10 (IL-1, IL-2, and IL-10) in cases of infection. In cases of disease by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), lycopene can modulate interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IL-1, claudin-1 (CLDN-1), and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1). Furthermore, under the lipopolysaccharide challenge, lycopene can increase the relative weights of immune organ indices such as the bursal, spleen, and thymus.
{"title":"Lycopene in Feed as Antioxidant and Immuno-Modulator Improves Broiler Chicken's Performance under Heat-Stress Conditions.","authors":"Dalila Fadhila Hidayat, Mohamad Yusril Nur Mahendra, Juriah Kamaludeen, Herinda Pertiwi","doi":"10.1155/2023/5418081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5418081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lycopene is a type of carotenoid pigment widely distributed in various plants and fruits, with tomatoes, carrots, and guava being the most abundant sources. Due to its high content of beneficial active components, lycopene has been used in medicine, where it is employed as a dietary additive for cancer therapy, immune modulator, and feed additive to improve livestock productivity. Lycopene is a lipophilic substance that can act as either a prooxidant or a free radical scavenger and is particularly efficient in enhancing broiler performance. Furthermore, lycopene can alleviate heat stress by improving the activity of various antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT), as well as increasing the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and nuclear muscle factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), while simultaneously reducing the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and muscle Keap1 expression. In addition, lycopene can improve broiler fertility by enhancing sperm performance and reducing inflammation by modulating the levels of interleukin 1, 2, and 10 (IL-1, IL-2, and IL-10) in cases of infection. In cases of disease by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), lycopene can modulate interferon-<i>γ</i> (IFN-<i>γ</i>), IL-1, claudin-1 (CLDN-1), and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1). Furthermore, under the lipopolysaccharide challenge, lycopene can increase the relative weights of immune organ indices such as the bursal, spleen, and thymus.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10325881/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10187488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to find methods and interferences and illustrate the pattern of external anal sphincter (EAS) electromyography (EMG) during micturition and to determine reference intervals of electrophysiological bulbocavernosus reflex (EBCR) by using robust statistical methods in healthy spayed female canines. Ten healthy spayed female canines (no breed restriction) with a body weight of 11.3-18 kg were enrolled. EAS EMG during micturition and the EBCR test were performed under light general anesthesia. Altogether 25 out of 34 EAS EMG showed a similar pattern, including low-amplitude high-frequency bursting pattern before voiding, medium- or high-amplitude low-frequency bursting pattern at the beginning of voiding, oscillate medium- and/or high-amplitude low-frequency bursting with a low-amplitude high-frequency bursting pattern during voiding, and high-amplitude high-frequency bursting pattern at the end of voiding. An average of 100 consecutive stimulations of EBCR for one cycle were performed in each dog and another cycle was repeated to ensure reproducibility. The lower and upper limits of the reference interval of EBCR onset latency values and EBCR mean amplitude values were calculated using both standard and robust methods with untransformed and transformed Box-Cox data. The EBCR onset latency was between 13.85 and 27.44 milliseconds, whereas the EBCR mean baseline to peak amplitude was not transformed with Box-Cox transformation. All EBCR compound muscle action potentials started with a negative sharp wave, which tapers from the baseline in the upward direction, showing an upturned bell-shaped curve. In conclusion, this study was possibly the first to examine the method and provide the electrographic pattern of EAS EMG during micturition and reference intervals of EBCR onset latency in spayed female dogs, which may serve as baseline information to help veterinarians differentiate healthy from diseased dogs. Further studies should compare normal dogs and dogs with lower urinary tract abnormalities at different lesion locations.
{"title":"Electromyography of the External Anal Sphincter during Micturition and Electrophysiological Bulbocavernosus Reflex in Healthy Spayed Female Canines.","authors":"Nicha Mongkolrat, Areerath Akatvipat, Phitchaya Saenubol, Pachara Pornnimitara, Sukolrat Boonyayatra, Siam Tongprasert","doi":"10.1155/2023/3822212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/3822212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to find methods and interferences and illustrate the pattern of external anal sphincter (EAS) electromyography (EMG) during micturition and to determine reference intervals of electrophysiological bulbocavernosus reflex (EBCR) by using robust statistical methods in healthy spayed female canines. Ten healthy spayed female canines (no breed restriction) with a body weight of 11.3-18 kg were enrolled. EAS EMG during micturition and the EBCR test were performed under light general anesthesia. Altogether 25 out of 34 EAS EMG showed a similar pattern, including low-amplitude high-frequency bursting pattern before voiding, medium- or high-amplitude low-frequency bursting pattern at the beginning of voiding, oscillate medium- and/or high-amplitude low-frequency bursting with a low-amplitude high-frequency bursting pattern during voiding, and high-amplitude high-frequency bursting pattern at the end of voiding. An average of 100 consecutive stimulations of EBCR for one cycle were performed in each dog and another cycle was repeated to ensure reproducibility. The lower and upper limits of the reference interval of EBCR onset latency values and EBCR mean amplitude values were calculated using both standard and robust methods with untransformed and transformed Box-Cox data. The EBCR onset latency was between 13.85 and 27.44 milliseconds, whereas the EBCR mean baseline to peak amplitude was not transformed with Box-Cox transformation. All EBCR compound muscle action potentials started with a negative sharp wave, which tapers from the baseline in the upward direction, showing an upturned bell-shaped curve. In conclusion, this study was possibly the first to examine the method and provide the electrographic pattern of EAS EMG during micturition and reference intervals of EBCR onset latency in spayed female dogs, which may serve as baseline information to help veterinarians differentiate healthy from diseased dogs. Further studies should compare normal dogs and dogs with lower urinary tract abnormalities at different lesion locations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9902114/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10674738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohamad Yusril Nur Mahendra, Juriah Kamaludeen, Herinda Pertiwi
Lipids and oils are the primary sources of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (MUFA and PUFA), which are necessary for human and animal health. Omega-3 and omega-6 are essential nutrients for broilers. Omega-6 members, such as linolenic acid, are essential for broilers and must be obtained through feed. Vegetable oils are the primary source of omega-6 added to broiler feeds. Unsaturated fatty acids are better digested and absorbed than saturated fatty acids and generate more energy at a lower cost, boosting productivity. Feeding supplements with omega-6 can increase the fatty acid content in meat and increase weight, carcass, viscera, and FCR. The quality of meat taste and antioxidant content was also improved after giving omega-6 and influencing mineral metabolism. Broiler reproductive performance is also enhanced by reducing late embryonic mortality, hence enhancing fertility, hatchability, sperm quality, and sperm quantity. Meanwhile, for broiler health, omega-6 can lower cholesterol levels, triglycerides, very low-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein. It also supports support for T-helper cell (TH)-2-like IgG titers, increasing prostaglandins, eicosanoids, and antioxidants. In addition, it also supports anti-inflammation. Other researchers have extensively researched and reviewed studies on the effects of omega-6 on poultry. Meanwhile, in this review, we provide new findings to complement previous studies. However, further studies regarding the effects of omega-6 on other poultry are needed to determine the performance of omega-6 more broadly.
{"title":"Omega-6: Its Pharmacology, Effect on the Broiler Production, and Health.","authors":"Mohamad Yusril Nur Mahendra, Juriah Kamaludeen, Herinda Pertiwi","doi":"10.1155/2023/3220344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/3220344","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lipids and oils are the primary sources of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (MUFA and PUFA), which are necessary for human and animal health. Omega-3 and omega-6 are essential nutrients for broilers. Omega-6 members, such as linolenic acid, are essential for broilers and must be obtained through feed. Vegetable oils are the primary source of omega-6 added to broiler feeds. Unsaturated fatty acids are better digested and absorbed than saturated fatty acids and generate more energy at a lower cost, boosting productivity. Feeding supplements with omega-6 can increase the fatty acid content in meat and increase weight, carcass, viscera, and FCR. The quality of meat taste and antioxidant content was also improved after giving omega-6 and influencing mineral metabolism. Broiler reproductive performance is also enhanced by reducing late embryonic mortality, hence enhancing fertility, hatchability, sperm quality, and sperm quantity. Meanwhile, for broiler health, omega-6 can lower cholesterol levels, triglycerides, very low-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein. It also supports support for T-helper cell (TH)-2-like IgG titers, increasing prostaglandins, eicosanoids, and antioxidants. In addition, it also supports anti-inflammation. Other researchers have extensively researched and reviewed studies on the effects of omega-6 on poultry. Meanwhile, in this review, we provide new findings to complement previous studies. However, further studies regarding the effects of omega-6 on other poultry are needed to determine the performance of omega-6 more broadly.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9995196/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9096966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Moustafa Zeitoun, Mohamed Ali, Tariq Almundarij, Emad Mousa, Ahmed Alghonaim
Gestation in sheep necessitates the support of nutrients to avoid early embryonic mortalities. Therefore, this study investigates the effects of supplementing either L-arginine or Spirulina alga in the first trimester on the pregnancy rate, litter size, inhibin, insulin, IGF-I, CO Q10, and bone morphogenetic peptide 15 (BMP15) in maternal circulation. Animals were offered barley (500 g/head/day, 14% CP), alfalfa hay (1 kg/head/day, 12% CP), clean water, and balanced salt block licks as free choices. Forty Noemi and Najdi ewes were randomly allotted into three groups: control (C, n = 8), L-arginine (ARG, n = 16), and Spirulina (SP, n = 16). All females were implanted with CIDR for ten days. On days 8, 9, and 10, treated ewes were given a protocol comprised of human recombinant FSH at descending doses (50, 50, 40, 40, and 30, 30 IU, A.M, and P.M, respectively). At the fifth dose, animals were given an equivalent dose of hCG (240 IU). After CIDR withdrawal, ewes were exposed to fertile rams for mating. SP-ewes were orally given 50 ml (2%) Spirulina, and ARG-ewes were given 50 ml (35 mg/kg BW) L-arginine daily for 50 days postbreeding. Blood inhibin, insulin, IGF-I, CO Q10, and BMP15 were determined throughout gestation until parturition. The findings indicated that the conception rates were 25, 75, and 87.5% in C, ARG, and SP, respectively (P < 0.05). The percent of ewes giving birth to twins was 0, 25, and 50% in C, ARG, and SP, respectively (P < 0.05). The survival rates were 100, 81.8, and 83.3%, respectively. Birth weight was 5.6, 3.2, and 3.4 kg in C, ARG, and SP, respectively. Weaning weights were 28.3, 25.6, and 27.2 kg in C, ARG, and SP, respectively. BMP-15 was reduced (P < 0.05) in ARG than in C and SP. However, SP decreased (P < 0.05) inhibin more than in C and ARG. ARG and SP increased (P < 0.05) insulin than in C, whereas SP decreased (P < 0.05) IGF-I. SP increased CO Q10 compared with ARG. Ewes bearing twins revealed higher (P < 0.05) IGF-I (8.57 ng/ml) than those bearing singles (4.63 ng/ml); however, BMP-15 was higher in single (796.6 pg/ml) than in twin-bearing (387.5 pg/ml) ewes. In conclusion, providing early-gestating ewes with Spirulina enhances maternal health, productivity, and reproductive outcomes.
{"title":"Oral Administration of <i>Spirulina platensis</i> at Early Gestation Modulates Litter Size and the Expression of Inhibin, Insulin, IGF-I, CO Q10, and BMP-15 in Ewes Induced for Twinning.","authors":"Moustafa Zeitoun, Mohamed Ali, Tariq Almundarij, Emad Mousa, Ahmed Alghonaim","doi":"10.1155/2023/7682533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/7682533","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gestation in sheep necessitates the support of nutrients to avoid early embryonic mortalities. Therefore, this study investigates the effects of supplementing either L-arginine or Spirulina alga in the first trimester on the pregnancy rate, litter size, inhibin, insulin, IGF-I, CO Q10, and bone morphogenetic peptide 15 (BMP15) in maternal circulation. Animals were offered barley (500 g/head/day, 14% CP), alfalfa hay (1 kg/head/day, 12% CP), clean water, and balanced salt block licks as free choices. Forty <i>Noemi</i> and <i>Najdi</i> ewes were randomly allotted into three groups: control (C, <i>n</i> = 8), L-arginine (ARG, <i>n</i> = 16), and Spirulina (SP, <i>n</i> = 16). All females were implanted with CIDR for ten days. On days 8, 9, and 10, treated ewes were given a protocol comprised of human recombinant FSH at descending doses (50, 50, 40, 40, and 30, 30 IU, A.M, and P.M, respectively). At the fifth dose, animals were given an equivalent dose of hCG (240 IU). After CIDR withdrawal, ewes were exposed to fertile rams for mating. SP-ewes were orally given 50 ml (2%) Spirulina, and ARG-ewes were given 50 ml (35 mg/kg BW) L-arginine daily for 50 days postbreeding. Blood inhibin, insulin, IGF-I, CO Q10, and BMP15 were determined throughout gestation until parturition. The findings indicated that the conception rates were 25, 75, and 87.5% in C, ARG, and SP, respectively (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The percent of ewes giving birth to twins was 0, 25, and 50% in C, ARG, and SP, respectively (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The survival rates were 100, 81.8, and 83.3%, respectively. Birth weight was 5.6, 3.2, and 3.4 kg in C, ARG, and SP, respectively. Weaning weights were 28.3, 25.6, and 27.2 kg in C, ARG, and SP, respectively. BMP-15 was reduced (<i>P</i> < 0.05) in ARG than in C and SP. However, SP decreased (<i>P</i> < 0.05) inhibin more than in C and ARG. ARG and SP increased (<i>P</i> < 0.05) insulin than in C, whereas SP decreased (<i>P</i> < 0.05) IGF-I. SP increased CO Q10 compared with ARG. Ewes bearing twins revealed higher (<i>P</i> < 0.05) IGF-I (8.57 ng/ml) than those bearing singles (4.63 ng/ml); however, BMP-15 was higher in single (796.6 pg/ml) than in twin-bearing (387.5 pg/ml) ewes. In conclusion, providing early-gestating ewes with Spirulina enhances maternal health, productivity, and reproductive outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9851789/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9133738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Ibrahim Desem, Ekowati Handharyani, Agus Setiyono, Safika Safika, Didik Tulus Subekti, Fitrine Ekawasti
Pasteurella multocida is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes hemorrhagic septicemia (HS) in buffaloes and cattle. The disease causes serious problems in Indonesian livestock and is classified as a serious transmissible animal disease. Previous research has determined the diversity of P. multocida using a serotyping method based on the antigenic properties of capsule polysaccharides. An alternative method for analysis utilizes sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). This study aimed to characterize and determine P. multocida diversity in several regions of Indonesia based on phenotypic character, protein profile, and the band pattern of RAPD results. Bacterial identification was performed using traditional biochemical techniques and API® 20NE systems and then confirmed molecularly using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The freeze-thawing technique was performed to obtain the bacterial protein extract, and DNA extraction was executed using DNAzol. The extracted protein and RAPD product were then electrophoresed on 12% polyacrylamide gel and 1.5% agarose gel, respectively. The results indicate that the molecular weight range of the protein bands is 12-209 kDa, and the band pattern of the RAPD results ranged from 307-3,100 bp. Based on phenotypical analysis, P. multocida from South Sulawesi Province exhibited a variety of growth characteristics in MacConkey agar media. Using the hierarchical clustering analysis of the band patterns of RAPD and the whole-cell protein profiles, four and five clusters were formed, respectively. These results indicate molecular diversity among P. multocida from several regions of Indonesia.
{"title":"Morphology, Biochemical, and Molecular Characterization of <i>Pasteurella multocida</i> Causing Hemorrhagic Septicemia in Indonesia.","authors":"Muhammad Ibrahim Desem, Ekowati Handharyani, Agus Setiyono, Safika Safika, Didik Tulus Subekti, Fitrine Ekawasti","doi":"10.1155/2023/7778707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/7778707","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Pasteurella multocida</i> is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes hemorrhagic septicemia (HS) in buffaloes and cattle. The disease causes serious problems in Indonesian livestock and is classified as a serious transmissible animal disease. Previous research has determined the diversity of <i>P. multocida</i> using a serotyping method based on the antigenic properties of capsule polysaccharides. An alternative method for analysis utilizes sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). This study aimed to characterize and determine <i>P. multocida</i> diversity in several regions of Indonesia based on phenotypic character, protein profile, and the band pattern of RAPD results. Bacterial identification was performed using traditional biochemical techniques and API® 20NE systems and then confirmed molecularly using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The freeze-thawing technique was performed to obtain the bacterial protein extract, and DNA extraction was executed using DNAzol. The extracted protein and RAPD product were then electrophoresed on 12% polyacrylamide gel and 1.5% agarose gel, respectively. The results indicate that the molecular weight range of the protein bands is 12-209 kDa, and the band pattern of the RAPD results ranged from 307-3,100 bp. Based on phenotypical analysis, <i>P. multocida</i> from South Sulawesi Province exhibited a variety of growth characteristics in MacConkey agar media. Using the hierarchical clustering analysis of the band patterns of RAPD and the whole-cell protein profiles, four and five clusters were formed, respectively. These results indicate molecular diversity among <i>P. multocida</i> from several regions of Indonesia.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10024624/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9163576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}