Veterinary journal最新文献_第5页

Does cranial cruciate ligament repair by tibial plateau leveling osteotomy surgery restore dog’s natural kinematics? – A case series 通过胫骨平台平整截骨手术修复颅交叉韧带是否能恢复狗的自然运动学？- 病例系列。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary journal

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106257

Paul G. Arauz , Patricio Chiriboga , Verónica Garcés , Gabriela Garcia , Imin Kao

Tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) serves as an effective method of functional stabilization for treating cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) deficiency. It is not clear if TPLO could restore the natural kinematics of the stifle, hip, and tarsal joints of the affected limb during walking. The hind limb motion between TPLO cases and control groups in eight adult dogs (4 French Bulldogs and 4 Pit Bull Terrier) was recorded by a motion capture system. Three-dimensional (3D) angular motions of the hip, stifle, and tarsal joints—including flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, and rotations—were computed and compared. Significant differences in joint kinematics were observed between TPLO cases and controls. In Case 1, the TPLO case in the French Bulldog showed differences in hip, stifle, and tarsal flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, and internal-external rotation. Asymmetries between affected and unaffected limbs were also detected in hip and stifle motions (up to 43° in some cases). Similar patterns of differences were found in Pit Bull Terriers Case 2 and Case 3, with significant variations in hip, stifle, and tarsal movements. Case 3 did not show hip asymmetries, but notable stifle and tarsal asymmetries were observed. The general daily activity performance for French Bulldogs and Pit Bull Terriers that underwent TPLO procedures was positive. The general daily restricted activity performance for the French Bulldog and Pit Bull Terriers that underwent TPLO procedures was positive. Our findings suggested that natural hind limb kinematics during gait was not restored in TPLO hind limb cases in both breeds.

胫骨平台平整截骨术（TPLO）是治疗头颅十字韧带（CrCL）缺损的有效功能稳定方法。目前尚不清楚 TPLO 是否能恢复患肢跗骨、髋关节和跗关节在行走时的自然运动学特性。八只成年犬（四只法国斗牛犬和四只比特斗牛梗）的 TPLO 病例组和对照组的后肢运动均由运动捕捉系统记录。计算并比较了髋关节、跗关节和跗关节的三维角度运动，包括屈伸、外展、内收和旋转。在 TPLO 病例和对照组之间观察到了关节运动学上的显著差异。在病例 1 中，法国斗牛犬的 TPLO 病例在髋关节、跗关节和跗关节的屈伸、外展内收和内旋外旋方面表现出差异。受影响肢体和未受影响肢体在髋关节和跗关节运动中也发现了不对称（在某些病例中高达 43°）。比特斗牛梗犬病例 2 和病例 3 也发现了类似的差异模式，在髋关节、跗关节和跗关节运动方面存在显著差异。病例 3 没有出现髋关节不对称现象，但跗关节和跗骨出现了明显的不对称。接受 TPLO 手术的法国斗牛犬和比特斗牛梗犬的一般日常活动表现良好。接受 TPLO 手术的法国斗牛犬和比特斗牛梗犬的一般日常受限活动表现良好。我们的研究结果表明，这两个犬种的 TPLO 术后肢体并没有恢复步态时的自然后肢运动学。

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引用次数: 0

Establishment and validation of a real-time fluorescent PCR freeze-dried type assay for 11 sheep and goats pathogens 建立并验证针对 11 种绵羊和山羊病原体的实时荧光 PCR 冻干型检测方法。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary journal

Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106255

Liting Ke , Guangzheng Hou , Pengcheng Cao , Yanlei Ding , Changxu Zhao , Fei Wang , Yingqiu Liu , Yunpeng Fan , Qiqi Liu

Small ruminants are economic mainstay in developing countries because of its direct contribution to food security, but the occurrence of epidemics poses a continuous threat. Early diagnosis can strengthen the prevention of zoonosis. Therefore, a high-sensitivity real-time fluorescent PCR freeze-dried type assay that can be stored and transported at room temperature was developed for 11 sheep and goats pathogens in this study. The results showed that there was no non-specific amplification in systems containing different pathogen positive controls; The areas under the ROC curves were all in the range of 0.99–1.00; The LOD counted by Digital PCR were 194, 96, 84, 40, 265, 68, 208, 236, 118, 53 and 723 copies/mL for M. ovis, Pathogenic Leptospira, C. burnetii, BTV, PPRV, Brucella, exJSRV, C. abortus, ORFV, FMDV and CPV, respectively. The coefficients of variation of both intra-group and inter-group replicate tests were less than 5.00 %; The accelerated thermostatic lyophilization test was used to predict the validity period; The LOD of each positive pathogen was still detected after 6 days at 56 ℃, suggesting that the validity period can be at least 567 days at room temperature. In this study, a high-sensitivity real-time fluorescent PCR freeze-dried type assay that can be stored and transported at room temperature was developed for 11 sheep and goats pathogens, which were Mycoplasma ovis (M. ovis), Pathogenic Leptospira, Coxiella burnetii (C. burnetii), Bluetongue virus (BTV), Peste des pestis ruminants virus (PPRV), Brucella, exogenous jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (exJSRV), Chlamydia abortus (C. abortus), Orf virus (ORFV), Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), and Capripox virus (CPV).

小反刍兽疫是发展中国家的经济支柱，因为它直接关系到粮食安全，但疫情的发生也构成了持续的威胁。早期诊断可以加强人畜共患病的预防。因此，本研究针对 11 种绵羊和山羊病原体开发了一种可在室温下储存和运输的高灵敏度实时荧光 PCR 冻干型检测方法。结果表明，在含有不同病原体阳性对照的系统中不存在非特异性扩增；ROC 曲线下的面积均在 0.99 至 1.00；数字 PCR 对猫鼬病毒、钩端螺旋体病原体、烧伤蜱、BTV、PPRV、布鲁氏菌、exJSRV、流产蜱、ORFV、FMDV 和 CPV 的 LOD 分别为 194、96、84、40、265、68、208、236、118、53 和 723 拷贝/毫升。组内和组间重复试验的变异系数均小于 5.00%；采用加速恒温冻干试验预测有效期；在 56 ℃ 下 6 天后仍能检测到各阳性病原体的 LOD，表明在室温下有效期至少可达 567 天。本研究针对 11 种绵羊和山羊病原体开发了一种可在室温下储存和运输的高灵敏度实时荧光 PCR 冻干型检测方法，这 11 种病原体分别是绵羊支原体（M. ovis）、致病性钩端螺旋体（Pathogenic Leptospira）、烧伤科克西氏菌（C.burnetii）、蓝舌病病毒（BTV）、反刍动物鼠疫病毒（PPRV）、布鲁氏菌、外源绵羊逆转录病毒（exJSRV）、流产衣原体（C. abortus）、Orf 病毒（ORFV）、口蹄疫病毒（FMDV）和痘病毒（CPV）。

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引用次数: 0

Spitz-like tail carriage in two domestic cats 两只家猫的斯皮茨式尾巴

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary journal

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106256

Morgane J.R. Van Belle , Noema Gajdoš Kmecová , Christel P.H. Moons , Frank A.M. Tuyttens , Daniel S. Mills , Tiny C.B.M. De Keuster

Domestic cats use visual cues to communicate with conspecifics and humans. This includes the position and movement of the tail. The tail up signal (i.e. tail held vertically with the tip curled) has been identified as a friendly greeting signal between cats and from cats to humans. We present here a report of two cats unable to display the classic tail up signal due to Spitz-like (curled) tail characteristics, a morphology not previously reported in the scientific literature. The cats, a British Shorthair (Mn, 2 y) and Domestic Longhair (Fn, 8.5 y), belonged to different households and were participants in a study of intraspecific social interactions. Video recordings show the cats displaying normal tail movements (waving, swishing, twitching) and position when the tail was hanging down. However, once the tail was raised to a vertical position, it immediately curled over the back. This Spitz-like tail posture was displayed both when greeting people and other cats. It had reportedly been present since adoption. There was no underlying medical history of injury or pain to indicate this was an acquired state. We suggest this Spitz-like tail is a spontaneously occurring anomaly, that does not seem to noticeably impair the cats’ communicative abilities, as normal affiliative behaviours were observed during interactions with the cohoused cat. We discuss the significance of this finding in relation to the formation of social bonds and the signalling of affiliative intent.

家猫利用视觉线索与同类和人类交流。这包括尾巴的位置和运动。翘尾信号（即尾巴垂直竖起，尾尖卷曲）已被确认为猫与猫之间以及猫与人之间的友好问候信号。我们在此报告了两只因具有斯皮茨（卷曲）尾巴特征而无法显示经典翘尾信号的猫，这种形态以前从未在科学文献中报道过。这两只猫分别是英国短毛猫（Mn，2 岁）和长毛家猫（Fn，8.5 岁），它们属于不同的家庭，是一项种内社会互动研究的参与者。视频记录显示，当猫的尾巴垂下时，它们的尾巴运动（摆动、摆动、抽动）和姿势都很正常。然而，一旦尾巴被竖起来，它就会立即卷曲在背部。在与人和其他猫打招呼时，它都会表现出这种斯皮茨式的尾巴姿势。据报道，这种情况自猫咪被领养以来就一直存在。它没有受伤或疼痛的病史，这表明它是后天形成的。我们认为，这种斯皮茨式尾巴是一种自发形成的异常现象，似乎不会明显影响猫的交流能力，因为在与同窝猫的互动中，我们观察到了正常的从属行为。我们将讨论这一发现对社会纽带的形成和隶属意向信号的意义。

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引用次数: 0

Deciphering the genetic basis of behavioral traits in dogs: Observed-trait GWAS and latent-trait GWAS analysis reveal key genes and variants 解密狗行为特征的遗传基础：观察-特征 GWAS 和潜伏-特征 GWAS 分析揭示关键基因和变异。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary journal

Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106251

Maryam Mahmoodi , Ahmad Ayatollahi Mehrgardi , Mehdi Momen , James A. Serpell , Ali Esmailizadeh

Dogs exhibit remarkable phenotypic diversity, particularly in behavioral traits, making them an excellent model for studying the genetic basis of complex behaviors. Behavioral traits such as aggression and fear are highly heritable among different dog breeds, but their genetic basis is largely unknown. We used the genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify candidate genes associated with nine behavioral traits including; stranger-directed aggression (SDA), owner-directed aggression (ODA), dog-directed aggression (DDA), stranger-directed fear (SDF), nonsocial fear (NF), dog-directed fear (DDF), touch sensitivity (TS), separation-related behavior (SRB) and attachment attention-seeking (AAS). The observed behavioral traits were collected from 38,714 to 40,460 individuals across 108 modern dog breeds. We performed a GWAS based on a latent trait extracted using the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) method with nine observable behavioral traits and compared the results with those from the GWAS of the observed traits. Using both observed-trait and latent-trait GWAS, we identified 41 significant SNPs that were common between both GWAS methods, of which 26 were pleiotropic, as well as 10 SNPs unique to the latent-trait GWAS, and 5 SNPs unique to the observed-trait GWAS discovered. These SNPs were associated with 21 genes in latent-trait GWAS and 22 genes in the observed-trait GWAS, with 19 genes shared by both. According to previous studies, some of the genes from this study have been reported to be related to behavioral and neurological functions in dogs. In the human population, these identified genes play a role in either the formation of the nervous system or are linked to various mental health conditions. Taken together, our findings suggest that latent-trait GWAS for behavioral traits in dogs identifies significant latent genes that are neurologically prioritized.

狗表现出显著的表型多样性，尤其是在行为特征方面，这使它们成为研究复杂行为遗传基础的绝佳模型。在不同品种的狗中，攻击性和恐惧等行为特征的遗传率很高，但它们的遗传基础在很大程度上是未知的。我们利用全基因组关联研究（GWAS）找出了与九种行为特征相关的候选基因，包括陌生人指向的攻击行为（SDA）、主人指向的攻击行为（ODA）、狗指向的攻击行为（DDA）、陌生人指向的恐惧（SDF）、非社交恐惧（NF）、狗指向的恐惧（DDF）、触觉敏感（TS）、分离相关行为（SRB）和依恋注意寻求（AAS）。观察到的行为特征来自 108 个现代犬种的 38,714 至 40,460 个个体。我们使用确证因子分析（CFA）方法提取了九种可观察行为特征的潜在特征，在此基础上进行了基因组学分析，并将结果与观察特征的基因组学分析结果进行了比较。利用观察性状和潜在性状 GWAS，我们发现了两种 GWAS 方法共有的 41 个重要 SNPs，其中 26 个具有多重效应，还有 10 个 SNPs 为潜在性状 GWAS 所独有，5 个 SNPs 为观察性状 GWAS 所独有。这些 SNP 与潜伏性状 GWAS 中的 21 个基因和观察性状 GWAS 中的 22 个基因相关，其中 19 个基因为两者所共有。根据以往的研究，本研究中的一些基因与狗的行为和神经功能有关。在人类群体中，这些被发现的基因要么在神经系统的形成中发挥作用，要么与各种精神健康状况有关。综上所述，我们的研究结果表明，针对狗的行为特征的潜在特征 GWAS 发现了重要的潜在基因，这些基因是神经系统的优先基因。

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引用次数: 0

How does cruciate ligament rupture treatment affect range of motion in dogs? 十字韧带断裂治疗对狗的活动范围有何影响？

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary journal

Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106253

S. Pinna, M. Di Benedetto, C. Tassani

This study aimed at evaluating the changes in passive range of motion (ROM) of the stifle joint associated with cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture in dogs and assessing whether the surgical treatment carried out on the affected joints affected additional changes. A retrospective cohort study design was used. The clinical records of dogs treated with tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA), tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) and tight rope (TR) were reviewed as were the extension angle (EA), flexion angle (FA) and lameness. The data recorded at T0, before surgery, were compared with the data at 1 month and 6 months post-surgery. The data were classified as normal or abnormal.

The main results obtained one month after surgery indicated that dogs treated with TTA showed a significant worsening of flexion (the FA was abnormal in 69.6 % of dogs at T0 and 80.4 % at T1 with p = 0.0208). Dogs treated with TPLO achieved asignificant improvement in extension (the EA was normal in 16.7 % of dogs at T0 and in 33.3 % at T1 with p < 0.0001), and in flexion (the FA was normal in 23.8 % of dogs at T0 and 43.5 % at T6 with p = 0.0434). The dogs treated with TR showed a significant worsening of extension (the EA was abnormal in 68.8 % of dogs at T0 and in 81.3 % at T1 with p = 0.0024). Six months post-surgery, the ROM value was not normal in 100 % of the stifle joints; however, the lameness significantly improved with each procedure. This study confirmed the influence of surgical procedures on changes in ROM and provided useful indications for planning therapy to improve and speed up the postoperative rehabilitation process in dogs.

本研究旨在评估与犬头颅十字韧带（CCL）断裂相关的跗关节被动活动范围（ROM）的变化，并评估对受影响关节进行的手术治疗是否会影响其他变化。研究采用回顾性队列研究设计。研究人员回顾了接受胫骨结节前移术（TTA）、胫骨平台平整截骨术（TPLO）和紧绳术（TR）治疗的犬只的临床记录以及伸展角（EA）、屈曲角（FA）和跛行情况。将手术前 T0 时记录的数据与手术后 1 个月和 6 个月的数据进行比较。数据被分为正常和异常。术后一个月的主要结果表明，接受TTA治疗的狗的屈曲明显恶化（T0时69.6%的狗的FA异常，T1时80.4%的狗的FA异常，P = 0.0208）。接受 TPLO 治疗的犬只在伸展（T0 时有 16.7% 的犬只 EA 正常，T1 时有 33.3% 的犬只 EA 正常，P < 0.0001）和屈曲（T0 时有 23.8% 的犬只 FA 正常，T6 时有 43.5% 的犬只 FA 正常，P = 0.0434）方面均有显著改善。接受TR治疗的犬只的伸展功能明显恶化（68.8%的犬只在T0时EA异常，81.3%的犬只在T1时EA异常，P = 0.0024）。手术后 6 个月，100% 的跗关节的 ROM 值不正常；然而，跛行情况在每种手术中都有明显改善。这项研究证实了手术过程对ROM变化的影响，并为规划治疗提供了有用的指标，以改善和加快狗的术后康复过程。

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引用次数: 0

Imipramine in dogs: A pharmacokinetic study following oral administration under fasted and fed conditions 狗体内的丙咪嗪：禁食和进食条件下口服给药后的药代动力学研究。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary journal

Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106250

C. Fadel , B. Łebkowska-Wieruszewskac , A. Lisowski , F. Serih , A. Poapolathep , N. Čudina , M. Giorgi

This study investigates the pharmacokinetics (PK) of imipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant used in human psychiatric disorders and increasingly considered in veterinary medicine. Despite its longstanding use in canines, prior research on imipramine's PK in dogs is lacking. This study aimed to determine the PK of imipramine in dogs in regards to feeding conditions, and to ascertain whether desipramine (active metabolite) is formed or not. In this study, six male Labrador dogs underwent oral administration (1.5 mg/kg) of imipramine tablets (10 mg each; Tofranil®, Novartis) in both fasted and fed conditions. Dogs were randomly allocated to one of two treatment groups, employing an open, single-dose, two-treatment, two-phase, cross-over design, with a washout period of one week. Blood was drawn from the left cephalic vein to heparinized tubes at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, and 48 h. Plasma concentrations were quantified using a validated HPLC method, and the data were analyzed using PKanalix™ software with a non-compartmental approach.

Concentrations of imipramine remained quantifiable up to 1.5 hr after administration under both conditions. Desipramine, in both feeding states, was detectable for a short duration, but not quantifiable. No significant differences were observed in the PK parameters of imipramine between the fasting and fed states. The rapid attainment of maximum concentration (C_max) occurred within 0.25 h, indicating a swift absorption rate. Notably, the terminal half-life in dogs was remarkably short at 0.25 h, prompting a re-evaluation of dosing strategies. Considering the recommended therapeutic plasma concentrations in humans, the administered dose might result in effective levels for a brief period of time. Future research should explore intravenous administration, multiple-dose studies, and metabolic investigations to further elucidate imipramine's PK in dogs.

本研究调查了丙咪嗪的药代动力学（PK），丙咪嗪是一种三环类抗抑郁药，用于治疗人类精神疾病，在兽医学中的应用也日益广泛。尽管咪唑帕明在犬科动物中的应用由来已久，但之前却缺乏有关咪唑帕明在犬科动物中的药代动力学研究。本研究旨在确定咪唑帕明在狗体内的 PK 与喂食条件的关系，并确定是否会形成地西普胺（活性代谢物）。在这项研究中，六只雄性拉布拉多犬分别在禁食和进食条件下口服（1.5 毫克/千克）丙咪嗪片剂（每片 10 毫克；Tofranil®，诺华公司）。采用开放式、单剂量、两疗程、两阶段、交叉设计，将狗随机分配到两个治疗组中的一个，冲洗期为一周。分别于 0、0.25、0.5、0.75、1、1.5、2、4、6、8、10、24 和 48 小时从左侧头静脉抽血至肝素化试管。采用经过验证的高效液相色谱法对血浆浓度进行定量，并使用 PKanalixTM 软件对数据进行非室分析。在两种条件下，丙咪嗪的浓度在给药后1.5小时内仍可定量。在两种进食状态下，地西帕明都能在短时间内被检测到，但无法定量。在空腹和进食状态下，丙咪嗪的 PK 参数没有明显差异。最大浓度（Cmax）在 0.25 小时内迅速达到，表明吸收速度很快。值得注意的是，狗的终末半衰期非常短，仅为 0.25 小时，这促使我们重新评估给药策略。考虑到推荐的人体治疗血浆浓度，给药剂量可能会在短时间内达到有效水平。未来的研究应探索静脉给药、多剂量研究和代谢调查，以进一步阐明丙咪嗪在狗体内的PK。

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引用次数: 0

The effects of general anaesthesia on body temperature of dogs subjected to ovariohysterectomy or orchiectomy performed by veterinary students in a teaching hospital 在教学医院由兽医专业学生对接受卵巢切除术或睾丸切除术的狗进行全身麻醉对体温的影响。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary journal

Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106252

N. Wenham , L.C.P. Santos

Hypothermia during anaesthesia is a significant concern in veterinary practice, as it can lead to various complications, making it essential to understand the factors that contribute to temperature regulation in animals undergoing surgical procedures. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the change in body temperature over the course of anaesthesia in dogs undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy and orchiectomy, and determine the effect of gender, dose of premedication, weight, age and duration of anaesthesia of the change of body temperature over time. One-hundred and ten dogs (n=110) that underwent elective ovariohysterectomy (n=75) and orchiectomy (n=35) surgery performed by veterinary students at the University of Adelaide were enrolled in this study. Dogs’ anaesthesia records were evaluated for change in body temperature over the course of anaesthesia, and correlated with gender, two premedication doses of acepromazine (mg/kg), body weight (kg), age (months) and anaesthesia times (minutes). The analyses were performed at TPm (temperature at premedication), T0 (induction), T15, T30, T60, T90, T120 and TRec (recovery) minutes. Statistical analysis was performed using the GenStat software and included repeated measures analysis and ANOVA. Significance was considered when p < 0.05. The data showed a significant time-by-gender interaction with female dogs experienced a greater degree of heat loss than male dogs at T60 (p<0.01), T90 (p<0.01) and T120 (p<0.01). At recovery, female average temperature was higher than in males (p<0.01). There was no significant difference in body temperature when other covariates were used in the analysis. The core body temperature of female dogs decreased significantly over time compared to males, with the most pronounced differenced during the intraoperative period. However, the study’s retrospective nature and limited sample size may influence the generalizability of these findings.

麻醉期间体温过低是兽医工作中的一个重要问题，因为它会导致各种并发症，因此了解接受外科手术的动物体温调节因素至关重要。这项回顾性研究旨在评估接受选择性绝育和阉割手术的狗在麻醉过程中的体温变化，并确定性别、预用药剂量、体重、年龄和麻醉持续时间对体温随时间变化的影响。阿德莱德大学（University of Adelaide）的兽医专业学生对110只狗（n=110）进行了选择性卵巢切除术（n=75）和睾丸切除术（n=35），这些狗都参加了这项回顾性研究。研究人员评估了狗在麻醉过程中的体温变化记录，并将体温变化与性别、两种 ACP 预处理剂量（毫克/千克）、体重（千克）、年龄（月）和麻醉时间（分钟）相关联。分析是在 TPm（预处理时的温度）、T0（诱导）、T15、T30、T60、T90、T120 和 TRec（恢复）分钟时进行的。统计分析使用 GenStat 软件进行，包括重复测量分析和方差分析。当 p < 0.05 时，认为差异显著。数据显示，时间与性别之间存在明显的交互作用，在 T60 时，雌性狗比雄性狗感受到更大程度的冷却（p

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引用次数: 0

Environmental factors of equine osteochondrosis and fetlock osteochondral fragments: A scoping review – Part 1 马骨软骨病和蹄骨软骨碎片的环境因素：范围综述 - 第一部分。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary journal

Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106249

B. Van Mol , M. Oosterlinck , S. Janssens , N. Buys , F. Pille

Various environmental and genetic risk factors are linked to the pathogenesis of equine osteochondrosis and osteochondral fragments in the fetlock joint. Therefore, a scoping review was conducted to describe current evidence linking genetic factors and environmental factors of these osteochondral disorders. This article constitutes the first part of this scoping review and focuses on environmental factors, with the second part addressing genetic factors. To identify potentially relevant papers online bibliographical databases PubMed and Web of Science were utilised, supplemented with articles listed on the OMIA website (OMIA:000750–9796). After entry collection, removing duplicates, screening titles, abstracts, and full-text documents for eligibility, and manually searching reference lists of the remaining articles, a total of 212 studies was identified for this scoping review. First, an overview of the current understanding of the etiopathogenesis of equine osteochondrosis and osteochondral fragments in the fetlock joint is given. Subsequently, the article delves into the environmental factors associated with the prevalence of these disorders, which are categorized into foetal programming, biomechanical trauma and exercise, growth, anatomic conformation, nutrition, weaning, hormonal factors, bacterial infection, sex, date of birth, and other environmental factors. In conclusion, future research should adopt a multidisciplinary approach, emphasizing longitudinal studies and precise phenotype definitions. This strategy will help elucidate the complex relationships between environmental factors and OC, DOF, and POF, considering the dynamic nature, varying phenotypes, and scarcity of research in some domains of these osteochondral disorders. This approach will be crucial in developing effective management strategies aimed at improving equine orthopaedic health.

各种环境和遗传风险因素都与马骨软骨病和跗关节骨软骨碎片的发病机制有关。因此，我们进行了一次范围界定综述，以描述当前将这些骨软骨疾病的遗传因素和环境因素联系起来的证据。本文是该范围界定综述的第一部分，主要讨论环境因素，第二部分讨论遗传因素。为了确定潜在的相关论文，我们利用了在线文献数据库 PubMed 和 Web of Science，并辅以 OMIA 网站（OMIA:000750-9796）上列出的文章。经过条目收集、删除重复文章、筛选标题、摘要和全文文件以确定是否符合条件，以及人工检索其余文章的参考文献目录，本次范围界定综述共确定了 212 项研究。首先，文章概述了目前对马跗关节骨软骨病和骨软骨碎片病因发病机制的理解。随后，文章深入探讨了与这些疾病的发病率相关的环境因素，这些因素可分为胎儿程序、生物力学创伤和运动、生长、解剖构造、营养、断奶、激素因素、细菌感染、性别、出生日期以及其他环境因素。总之，未来的研究应采用多学科方法，强调纵向研究和精确的表型定义。考虑到这些骨软骨疾病的动态性质、不同表型以及某些领域研究的稀缺性，这一策略将有助于阐明环境因素与 OC、DOF 和 POF 之间的复杂关系。这种方法对于制定有效的管理策略以改善马骨科健康至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of maternal bromoform supplementation in late gestation on blood parameters of cows and their progeny 妊娠晚期母体补充低剂量溴甲烷对奶牛及其后代血液参数的影响评估

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary journal

Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106248

M. Dasari , C.J. Keller , B.R. Costa Alves , K.M. Wenham , C.L. Trengove , S.J. Lee , W.S. Pitchford , N.W. Tomkins , M. Caetano

Bromoform supplementation has been successful in reducing enteric methanogenesis in ruminants; however, the impacts on the health of these animals are still limited. The current study evaluates the impact of maternal bromoform supplementation on the health of late-gestation cows and their progeny. Pregnant Angus cows (n = 42) were allocated into a control or bromoform group (n = 21 cows per treatment). Bromoform extracted from Asparagopsis armata (7,372 mg/kg) was supplemented once daily. Blood samples were collected from cows before supplementation (baseline). Within 24 h of parturition, blood and colostrum samples were collected from each cow and blood from neonates. Colostrum brix was measured to indicate immunoglobulin content. All data was analysed using the MIXED procedure in SAS.

Supplementation of cows with bromoform resulted in increased blood urea to creatinine ratio (P = 0.048), base excess (P = 0.049), total carbon dioxide (TCO₂; P = 0.048) and a decrease in blood glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH; P = 0.031) compared to the control group. For cows in the bromoform group, a trend was observed for higher levels of partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO₂; P = 0.070) and bicarbonate (HCO₃^-; P = 0.052), and lower levels of partial pressure of oxygen (pO₂; P = 0.058) compared to the control group. Blood gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) was elevated in offspring of cows fed bromoform (P = 0.050). The lower blood pO₂ of pregnant cows fed bromoform and elevated blood GGT levels in offspring are not well understood and highlight the need for further investigation. Additionally, the low-dose bromoform supplementation affected various blood gas parameters of cows and calves, demonstrating the importance of monitoring these parameters when using different doses of halogenated compounds in livestock.

补充溴甲烷可成功减少反刍动物的肠道甲烷生成，但对这些动物健康的影响仍然有限。本研究评估了母体补充低剂量溴甲烷对妊娠后期奶牛及其后代健康的影响。怀孕的安格斯奶牛（42 头）被分配到对照组或溴甲烷组（每组 21 头）。每天补充一次从 Asparagopsis taxiformis 中提取的溴甲烷（7.37 毫克/千克）。在添加前（基线）采集奶牛的血液样本。产后 24 小时内，采集每头奶牛的血液和初乳样本，并采集新生儿的血液样本。测量初乳糖度以显示免疫球蛋白含量。所有数据均使用 SAS 中的 MIXED 程序进行分析。与对照组相比，给奶牛补充溴甲烷会导致血液尿素与肌酐比值（P=0.048）、碱过量（P=0.049）、总二氧化碳（TCO2；P=0.048）升高，血液谷氨酸脱氢酶（GLDH；P=0.031）降低。与对照组相比，溴甲烷组奶牛的二氧化碳分压（pCO2；P > 0.05）和碳酸氢盐（HCO3-；P = 0.052）水平呈上升趋势，而氧分压（pO2；P = 0.058）水平较低。饲喂溴甲烷的奶牛后代血液中的γ-谷氨酰转移酶（GGT）升高（P = 0.050）。饲喂溴甲烷的妊娠母牛血液中 pO2 值较低，而后代血液中 GGT 水平升高，这一点尚未得到很好的理解，因此需要进一步研究。此外，低剂量补充溴甲烷会影响奶牛和犊牛的各种血气参数，这表明在牲畜中使用不同剂量的卤代化合物时监测这些参数的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Pharmacokinetics and tissue residues of colistin following intravenous, and single and repeated oral dosing in domestic geese (Anser anser domesticus) 家鹅（anser anser domesticus）静脉注射、单次口服和重复口服可乐定后的药代动力学和组织残留。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary journal

Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106245

Krzysztof Bourdo , Charbel Fadel , Mario Giorgi , Anna Gajda , Magdalena Bilecka , Amnart Poapolathep , Beata Łebkowska-Wieruszewska

Colistin, also known as polymyxin E, is a member of the polymyxin group of antibiotics. It is approved in Europe to treat enteric infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, in poultry, although the similarity of infections between species make it likely used off-label in geese as well.This study investigated the pharmacokinetics and tissue residues of colistin in geese through in vivo experiments. The study involved longitudinal open studies on 16 healthy adult male geese, divided into three phases separated by one-month washout period. Geese were administered colistin via intravenous (IV, 1 mg/kg), single oral (PO, 30 mg/kg), and multiple oral (SID, 2.5 mg/kg for five consecutive days) routes, with blood samples drawn at specific intervals. Tissue samples were also collected at pre-assigned times for subsequent analysis. Colistin levels in geese plasma were quantified using a fully validated UHPLC-MS/MS method.

Plasma concentrations could be quantified up to 24 h for the single PO (n= 2) and IV (n= 4) routes, and up to 10 h (n= 6) from the last dose administered for the multiple PO route (n=6). The bioavailability was significantly low, averaging 3 %. The terminal half-life in geese was 2.18 h following IV administration, similar to values found in other avian species. Following IV administration, clearance and volume of distribution values were 0.11 mL⋅h⁻¹⋅g⁻¹ and 0.41 mL⋅g⁻¹, respectively. The body extraction ratio was low at 0.2 %, indicating minimal hepatic and renal elimination of colistin. Multiple oral doses showed no plasma accumulation, and tissue levels consistently remained below the maximum residue limit (MRL) set for food-producing animals. This study highlights the minimal systemic bioavailability and tissue penetration of colistin in geese, consistent with findings in other poultry and mammals. Future research should focus on intestinal colistin content in geese to optimize dosing strategies and minimize anti-microbial resistance.

秋水仙素又称多粘菌素 E，是多粘菌素类抗生素的一种。本研究通过体内实验研究了可乐定在鹅体内的药代动力学和组织残留。该研究对 16 只健康的成年雄鹅进行了纵向开放式研究，分为三个阶段，中间间隔一个月的清洗期。鹅通过静脉注射（IV，1 毫克/千克）、单次口服（PO，30 毫克/千克）和多次口服（SID，2.5 毫克/千克，连续五天）途径服用可乐定，并在特定时间间隔抽取血液样本。此外，还在预先指定的时间采集组织样本进行后续分析。使用经过全面验证的 UHPLC-MS/MS 方法对鹅血浆中的可乐定水平进行定量。单次口服（2 只）和静脉注射（4 只）的血浆浓度可在 24 小时内定量，多次口服（6 只）的血浆浓度可在最后一次给药后 10 小时内定量。生物利用率明显偏低，平均为 3%。鹅静脉注射后的终末半衰期为 2.18 小时，与其他禽类物种的半衰期相似。静脉注射后，清除率和分布容积值分别为 0.11mL⋅hr-¹⋅g-¹ 和 0.41mL-g-¹。体内萃取率低至 0.2%，表明肝脏和肾脏对可乐定的清除率极低。多次口服表明血浆中没有积累，组织中的含量始终低于为食用动物设定的最大残留限量（MRL）。本研究强调了大肠杆菌素在鹅体内的最小全身生物利用度和组织渗透性，这与其他家禽和哺乳动物的研究结果一致。未来的研究应重点关注鹅肠道中的可乐定含量，以优化给药策略，最大限度地降低抗微生物耐药性。

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引用次数: 0