Veterinary journal最新文献

{"title":"The effect of dry-period heat stress on inflammatory, oxidative and metabolic alterations, and acquired immunity in dairy cows and offspring","authors":"Mehmet Akköse ,&nbsp;Halit Kanca ,&nbsp;Tuğrul Hoşbul ,&nbsp;Sema Ören ,&nbsp;Murat Onur Yazlık ,&nbsp;Ufuk Kaya ,&nbsp;Mert Pekcan ,&nbsp;Hatice Esra Çolakoğlu ,&nbsp;Yunus Furkan Altınbaş ,&nbsp;Hasan Karakuş ,&nbsp;Mehmet Rıfat Vural","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106550","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106550","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to investigate the effects of dry-period heat stress on metabolic and oxidative stress parameters, cytokine release, and T lymphocyte percentages in dairy cows and their offspring. Thirty-two Holstein cows were randomly assigned to heat stress (HS) and cooling (CL) groups. Blood samples were collected to harvest serum and isolate peripheral blood leukocytes, from cows at 21 – 28 days before the expected calving date and immediately after calving, and from their calves postnatally (before colostrum consumption and 24 ± 1 h after birth). Helper (Th1, Th2), regulatory T (Treg), and gamma/delta T (γδT) lymphocytes were enumerated by flow cytometry. Interferon gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin-17A (IL-17A), IL-10, IL-6, IL-1β, retinol, alpha-tocopherol, lactoferrin, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels were measured using bovine-specific commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test kits. Nitric oxide, paraoxonase, total oxidant capacity, total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase, malondialdehyde (MDA), albumin, total protein, cholesterol, bilirubin, and creatinine levels were measured using an auto-analyzer. Compared to the CL group, in the HS cows, serum retinoic acid, alpha-tocopherol (p &lt; 0.05), ALP, catalase, GSH-Px and IL-1β levels (p &lt; 0.01) were significantly lower, whereas IL-6, IFN-γ and IL-10 levels were higher (p &lt; 0.01). The HS cows presented with higher Th1 lymphocyte percentages (p &lt; 0.01), and lower γδT and Treg lymphocyte percentages (p &lt; 0.01). Treg lymphocyte percentages showed no difference between the groups, but varied by day. Specifically, in both the HS and CL dams, Treg lymphocyte percentages were significantly lower at the calving time than on day 21 before the expected calving date (p = 0.021). Colostral IgG concentrations were lower (p &lt; 0.05) in the HS group. In the offspring, there were no significant differences between the HS and CL groups for the T lymphocyte percentages before colostrum consumption and the serum IgG concentrations at 24 ± 1 h after birth. In conclusion, the study findings suggest that providing heat stress abatement to dry cows may modulate both Th1, Treg, and γδT lymphocyte functions, and the release of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. However, intrauterine heat stress did not affect lymphocyte percentages in offspring before colostrum consumption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 106550"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145935337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A clinical impact of apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage on feline chronic kidney disease","authors":"Tetsushi Tezuka ,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Arakawa ,&nbsp;Kai Kudo ,&nbsp;Hideyuki Takehara ,&nbsp;Masanobu Morioka ,&nbsp;Kazutaka Ikeda ,&nbsp;Takashi Ikeda ,&nbsp;Keisuke Yasuda ,&nbsp;Yuko Fujima ,&nbsp;Motoo Kobayashi ,&nbsp;Yuki Okada ,&nbsp;Toshiro Arai ,&nbsp;Satoko Arai ,&nbsp;Toru Miyazaki","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106545","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106545","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cats are highly susceptible to chronic kidney disease (CKD), for which effective treatments remain unavailable. We previously reported a genetic deficiency in activating apoptosis inhibitor of macrophages (AIM) in cats. Based on a hypothesis that the deficiency in AIM activation may contribute to the high susceptibility of cats to CKD, we investigated clinical impacts of recombinant AIM (rAIM) treatment in cats with advanced CKD, as an exploratory, non-pivotal study. 216 CKD cats were screened and those harboring serum creatinine concentrations between 2.9 and 5.0 mg/dL, including 26 with ≥ 5 µg/mL serum indoxyl sulfate (IS) concentrations and 9 with &lt; 5 μg/mL IS, were enrolled into the study. Of the 26 cats, 6 received mouse rAIM administrations, 5 received feline rAIM, and 15 served as non-treated controls. Their survival was monitored for 360 days, and kidney biomarkers, metabolomic profiles, as well as sphingolipids in serum were assessed. The median survival time of non-treated controls was 167 days (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 116–217), whereas rAIM treatment significantly extended survival, with a cumulative survival rate of 0.83 (95 % CI: 0.53–1.0) at 360 days by mouse rAIM and 0.8 (95 % CI: 0.44–1.0) by feline rAIM compared to 0.20 (95 % CI: 0.0–0.40) in controls. Additionally, rAIM prevented the worsening of kidney biomarkers and uremic toxins, restoring serum sphingomyelins that reduce inflammation and fibrosis. The 9 cats with lower IS concentrations showed 100 % survival at 360 days without rAIM treatment. These findings support the use of AIM-based therapies against advanced CKD in cats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 106545"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145900493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Derivation of genetically stable mesenchymal stem cells from feline embryonic cell aggregates","authors":"Xin Wang ,&nbsp;Huina Luo ,&nbsp;Huimin Ruan ,&nbsp;Bingyun Wang ,&nbsp;Xinhua Ling ,&nbsp;Shengfeng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106546","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106546","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are regarded as a fundamental component in the advancement of regenerative therapies for feline medicine. In this study, a novel protocol was established to derive MSCs from discarded feline embryos obtained post-ovariohysterectomy. Embryonic cell aggregates (EAs) were generated through collagenase digestion of embryos, followed by three-dimensional (3D) culture in complete medium containing 100 ng/mL basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). The EAs were subsequently plated on collagen-coated dishes to yield feline embryonic cell aggregate-derived MSCs (feEA-MSCs). Strong expression of characteristic MSCs markers CD73, CD90, and CD105 was demonstrated by surface marker analysis, with minimal expression of CD34 and HLA-DR. Furthermore, significantly higher mRNA expression of the pluripotency-associated transcription factors <em>NANOG</em> and <em>SOX2</em> was exhibited by feEA-MSCs compared to adipose-derived MSCs (AD-MSCs) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Consistent alkaline phosphatase activity was maintained by the cells, while a karyotypically normal state at passage 6 (2n = 38) was retained. Overall, this approach provides a source of feline MSCs with enhanced pluripotency characteristics, demonstrating significant potential for translational applications in regenerative medicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 106546"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145906891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology and immunoprophylaxis of lactococcosis in European Sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax): A comprehensive study from Egyptian Aquaculture","authors":"Talal A.M. bo Selema ,&nbsp;Riad H. Khalil ,&nbsp;Mahmoud M. Abotaleb ,&nbsp;El-Sayed Hemdan Eissa ,&nbsp;Mohamed Fathi","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106544","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lactococcosis, caused by <em>Lactococcus garvieae</em>, is an emerging threat to the expanding European sea bass (<em>Dicentrarchus labrax</em>) aquaculture industry in Egypt. This study provides a comprehensive investigation into the pathogenicity, epidemiology, and immunoprophylaxis of <em>L. garvieae</em> from outbreaks in the Borg El-Arab and Mothalus El-Deeba provinces. We found that infected farms exhibited significantly deteriorated water quality, characterized by elevated ammonia, nitrite, pH, and reduced dissolved oxygen. Bacteriological and molecular analysis of 300 moribund fish revealed a high prevalence of <em>L. garvieae</em> (67.3 %), with significant geographical variation and a distinct organotropism for the liver and brain. The local isolates demonstrated a concerning antibiotic resistance profile, showing complete resistance to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline but full sensitivity to streptomycin and enrofloxacin. Experimental challenge established the median lethal dose (LD₅₀) at 2.31 × 10⁶ CFU/fish, confirming the strain's virulence. To develop a control strategy, we evaluated four inactivated whole-cell vaccine preparations (formalin-killed cells (FKC), chloroform-killed cells (CKC), phenol-killed cells (PKC), and heat-killed cells (HKC)) administered via intraperitoneal, immersion, or combined routes. The combined vaccination route using either FKC or CKC elicited the most robust immune protection, generating the highest specific antibody titers (up to 8.34 log₁₀), enhancing phagocytic activity (up to 39.21 %), and improving key hematological parameters. This regimen resulted in the highest relative percent survival (RPS) of 53.04 % and 45.41 % for FKC and CKC, respectively, and significant histopathological improvements in the kidney and spleen post-challenge. Our findings confirm <em>L. garvieae</em> as a primary pathogen in Egyptian sea bass aquaculture. They also demonstrate that a vaccination protocol using formalin- or chloroform-killed bacterins delivered through a combined prime-boost strategy offers a promising approach for disease management, offering partial protection that warrants further optimization for sustainable application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 106544"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145900590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and application of a focused ultrasound protocol in neonatal foals","authors":"Nicola Ellero ,&nbsp;Alessandra Maggi ,&nbsp;Valeria Busoni ,&nbsp;Ilaria Imposimato ,&nbsp;Carolina Castagnetti ,&nbsp;Aliai Lanci ,&nbsp;Jole Mariella ,&nbsp;Francesca Freccero","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106543","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106543","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to develop a standardized ultrasound (US) protocol using selected thoracic and abdominal acoustic windows, to assess its feasibility and applicability in healthy foals, and to evaluate its usefulness for detecting common thoracic and abdominal conditions in sick foals. The Focused US (FUS) protocol included 12 thoraco-abdominal windows (4 right-side, 3 ventral, 5 left-side) using a curved-array probe. It was applied to cohorts of healthy (n = 17) and sick (n = 23) foals by a veterinary clinician with limited US experience. The FUS showed good feasibility and applicability, with clear visualization of target abdominal structures. Diagnostic usefulness was high for identifying gastrointestinal disease and peritoneal effusions. However, several challenges emerged: the need to change recumbency, the relatively large number of US windows, the need for staff to restrain foals, and the prioritization of other diagnostic or therapeutic procedures in sick foals. A shortened Foal Oriented Compressed US (FOCUS) protocol was developed, including 7 thoraco-abdominal windows from a single right recumbency (4 right-side, 3 ventral), and was tested in healthy (n = 3) and sick (n = 3) foals by three clinicians with varying levels of experience. The FOCUS proved significantly faster than FUS, with a short acquisition time (median 7 min, range 3–10 min). Main limitations include single-operator image acquisition, the small cohort of sick foals assessed using FUS, and limited evaluation of the FOCUS protocol. In conclusion, FUS can be performed by veterinarians without extensive US experience. However, in emergency settings, FOCUS may be preferred due to its greater time efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 106543"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145858136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and characterization of a recombinant attenuated duck adenovirus B2 vector expressing the vp3 gene of short beak and dwarfism syndrome virus","authors":"Guangju You ,&nbsp;Dandan Jiang ,&nbsp;Xiaoxia Cheng ,&nbsp;Li Zeng ,&nbsp;Shifeng Xiao ,&nbsp;Xiaoli Zhu ,&nbsp;Shao Wang ,&nbsp;Shaoying Chen ,&nbsp;Shilong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106542","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106542","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Duck adenovirus B2 (DAdV-B2) and short beak and dwarfism syndrome virus (SBDSV) are major pathogens that cause severe economic losses in the global duck industry. To develop a recombinant DAdV-B2 virus capable of expressing SBDSV antigens, we first generated an attenuated DAdV-B2 strain, designated BG18cm20, by serially passaging the virulent BG18 strain in Muscovy duck embryo fibroblast cells. Pathogenicity assessment confirmed that BG18cm20 is non-pathogenic in Muscovy ducklings, validating its safety as a viral vector backbone. Using CRISPR/Cas9-assisted homology-mediated end joining technology, we inserted GFP reporter gene or the SBDSV <em>vp3</em> gene into the genomic loci (<em>ORF20-ORF53</em>) of BG18cm20, successfully constructing recombinant viruses BG18cm20-GFP and BG18cm20-SBDSV-VP3. In vitro characterization demonstrated that recombinant viruses replicate efficiently and maintain stable expression of the inserted genes over 15 serial passages. Notably, transmission electron microscopy revealed that the VP3 protein expressed by BG18cm20-SBDSV-VP3 self-assembles into SBDSV virus-like particles. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that BG18cm20 serves as a safe and effective viral vector platform for foreign antigen expression. The construction and in vitro characterization of BG18cm20-SBDSV-VP3 provide a foundational basis for future development of bivalent vaccine against DAdV-B2 and SBDSV in ducks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 106542"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145850765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health implications and toxicokinetics of short-term graded dietary exposure of Ochratoxin A in dairy cows","authors":"Felipe Penagos-Tabares ,&nbsp;Ratchaneewan Khiaosa-Ard ,&nbsp;Barbara Streit ,&nbsp;Emmanuela Gabara ,&nbsp;Siska Aditya ,&nbsp;Atif Rana-Muhammad ,&nbsp;Mubarik Mahmood ,&nbsp;Raul Rivera-Chacon ,&nbsp;Johann Huber ,&nbsp;Johannes Faas ,&nbsp;Shreenath Prasad ,&nbsp;Qendrim Zebeli ,&nbsp;Barbara Metzler-Zebeli","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106541","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106541","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic mycotoxin commonly found in animal feed, posing health risks to dairy cattle and potential contamination of dairy products. This study examined the effects of short-term (7-day) dietary OTA exposure on dairy cow health and the distribution of OTA and its metabolite ochratoxin α (OTα) across different biological matrices, including plasma, serum, milk, urine, and faeces. Twelve Simmental cows were randomly allocated into two groups receiving either a low (LD, 5 mg/cow/day) or a high (HD, 50 mg/cow/day) OTA dose. Cows were monitored for health parameters including blood chemistry and haematology, chewing, milk and faecal parameters, as well as for the kinetics of OTA from feed to blood, urine, milk and faeces. OTA and OTα were analysed using HPLC-MS. No significant health effects were observed, except for a slight decrease in faecal scores (LD: 2.72 vs. HD: 2.35) and an increase in chewing activity in the HD group (LD: 53.3 vs. HD: 59,9), both within normal ranges. Plasma and serum OTA and OTα levels stabilised after 60 h of exposure, with OTα dominating in faeces and urine, indicating efficient metabolism. OTA was not detected in milk. The results suggest that daily OTA exposure up to 50 mg per cow for seven days does not harm cow health or contaminate milk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 106541"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145828548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic characteristics of multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pluranimalium isolated from a cow with mastitis in Xinjiang, China","authors":"Zhenghao Jie ,&nbsp;Luyu Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Jia ,&nbsp;Zhenlin Liao ,&nbsp;Qin Dong ,&nbsp;Yuhui Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Streptococcus pluranimalium</em> has emerged as a significant zoonotic pathogen, associated with bovine mastitis and a range of infections in multiple animal species and humans. In this study, a multidrug-resistant <em>S. pluranimalium</em> strain, designated XJSP, was isolated from milk samples collected during a clinical mastitis outbreak on a dairy farm in Xinjiang, China. Whole-genome sequencing revealed its genome comprised 2066,720 bp with a GC content of 38.78 %, harboring 1933 coding sequences, 44 tRNAs, 5 rRNA operons, 5 genomic islands, 3 prophage regions, and a 5007 bp plasmid pXJSP-1 carrying four resistance genes: <em>LRA-7</em>, <em>salB</em>, <em>ermK</em>, and <em>lnuA</em>. Phylogenetic analysis positioned <em>S. pluranimalium</em> within a distinct clade alongside <em>S. ictaluri</em>, <em>S. cuniculipharyngis</em>, <em>S. hillyeri</em>, and <em>S. entericus</em>. Pan-genome analysis of 25 global <em>S. pluranimalium</em> strains identified 880 core genes and extensive accessory gene content, reflecting high genetic diversity. The XJSP strain exhibited resistance to ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, erythromycin, ofloxacin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline, and carried 66 antimicrobial resistance genes and 212 virulence factor genes. Comparative plasmid analysis indicated potential horizontal transfer of resistance genes among Streptococci. These findings enhance our understanding of the genomic architecture, antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, and evolutionary relationships of <em>S. pluranimalium</em>, highlighting its potential risk for interspecies transmission and its implications for public health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 106540"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"I feel your pain: Individual differences in welfare indicators after castration in horses","authors":"Sabrina Briefer-Freymond ,&nbsp;Emanuela Dalla Costa ,&nbsp;Aurelie Jolivald ,&nbsp;Rupert M. Bruckmaier ,&nbsp;Elie Atallah ,&nbsp;Maria Giorgia Riva ,&nbsp;Carrie Ijichi","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106538","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106538","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Personality affects both experience and expression of pain and the welfare impact of castration on horses is poorly understood. Therefore, the current study observed 19 horses to determine: the welfare impact of standard castration on horses; whether individuals consistently vary in their behavioural and emotional responses to pain; the influence of personality on behavioural and physiological responses to pain; whether Horse Grimace Scale (HGS) indicates how individuals feel about painful experiences. Eye temperature (IRT), salivary cortisol, HGS and a pain ethogram were measured at intervals before, throughout and during recovery from castration. IRT (p &lt; 0.005), Cortisol (p &lt; 0.024), HGS (p &lt; 0.03) and Maintenance behaviour (p &lt; 0.004) significant changed from baseline. Physiological and behavioural responses to castration were varied but not consistent within individuals. Veterinarian influenced responses, presumably reflecting the importance of clinician’s skill. Personality explained differences in cortisol responses with Neuroticism negatively (estimate=-0.275; p = 0.035), and Extroversion positively (estimate=0.406; p = 0.001) associated with the magnitude of response to castration. HGS was not confounded by personality suggesting that this pain indicator may be resilient to individual differences in pain expression and appears to reflect underlying affective pain states as it was associated with cortisol (r = 0.568, p = 0.027). Therefore, it is potentially an important tool in recognition of pain at an individual level. Further research should be done utilising a larger sample with greater standardisation of castration method to determine both the effect of baseline welfare on pain resilience and the sensitivity of Grimace Scales as an indicator of suffering during painful experiences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 106538"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145782793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The lidocaine/monoethylglycinexylidide test is a valuable alternative to protein C activity to determine shunt closure after surgical attenuation of extrahepatic portosystemic shunts in dogs","authors":"Nausikaa Devriendt ,&nbsp;Greet Junius ,&nbsp;Mattias Van den Eynde ,&nbsp;Gonçalo Serrano ,&nbsp;Hilde de Rooster","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106539","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106539","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The lidocaine/monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX) test and protein C activity have both been proposed as promising blood tests to determine closure of extrahepatic portosystemic shunts (EHPSS) in dogs. The aim of this study was to compare test performances of both blood tests preoperatively and after gradual surgical attenuation of EHPSS. Firstly, MEGX and glycinexylidide (GX) were determined 15 min after intravenous administration of 1 mg/kg lidocaine in 40 healthy dogs. The 95 % left-sided reference values of MEGX and GX were 16.8 ng/mL (90 % confidence interval (CI): 11.4–22.6) and 8.3 ng/mL (90 % CI: 2.3–14.2), respectively. Subsequently, protein C activity, MEGX and GX concentrations were determined in dogs with EHPSS before surgery, one month (short-term) and minimally three months postoperatively (long-term) at which time also trans-splenic portal scintigraphy was performed to determine EHPSS closure. A total of 41 dogs with EHPSS were included; 31 dogs had closed EHPSS and ten had persisting shunting long-term. Based on the obtained reference values, dogs with persistent shunting could not be differentiated from those with a closed EHPSS with the lidocaine/MEGX test. However, after defining optimal, disease-specific, cut-off values (39.5 ng/mL for MEGX and 29.0 ng/mL for GX), sensitivity to detect persisting shunting was 88.2 % for both MEGX and GX and specificity was 67.7 % for MEGX and 100.0 % for GX. Sensitivity and specificity of protein C activity to detect persistent shunting with a cut-off of &lt; 70 % was 62.0 % and 100.0 %, respectively. Accuracy of GX outperformed accuracy of protein C activity and MEGX to detect persistent shunting in dogs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 106539"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145782798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}