Pub Date : 2026-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106552
Mònica Campàs , Martina Tolós , Sandra Leonardo , Lourdes Llonch , Maria Devant , Yolanda Saco , Anna Bassols , Sònia Martí
Adequate colostrum intake is critical for the passive transfer of immunity in calves, and serum γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT; EC 2.3.2.2) is a potential indicator. However, conventional assays for its detection require laboratory facilities, limiting their use in the field. Herein, a simple visual test has been developed for the semi-quantitative determination of serum GGT using immobilized reagents on paper supports. The enzyme substrate, drop volume, and membrane type were optimized, with γ-L-glutamyl-3-carboxy-4-nitroanilide, 10 µL drop volume, and a binder-free microfiber glass membrane providing the best performance. The visual test showed a limit of semi-quantification (LOSQ) of 39 U/L, while digital analysis slightly improved the sensitivity. When applied to calf serum samples, the test reliably reflected GGT evolution: negligible at birth, peak activity at 2 days (corresponding to colostrum intake), declining by day 14, and further decreasing at day 18. The visual test showed strong agreement with the conventional enzyme assay (κ = 0.94), correctly estimating 26 out of 31 samples (84 %), and digital analysis of the membranes correlated even more closely (R = 0.9924). This point-of-need (PON) device offers a rapid, low-cost, and practical tool for on-farm monitoring of colostrum intake, supporting early detection of failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI) and improved calf health management.
{"title":"Point-of-need visual test for the detection of γ-glutamyltransferase in calf serum","authors":"Mònica Campàs , Martina Tolós , Sandra Leonardo , Lourdes Llonch , Maria Devant , Yolanda Saco , Anna Bassols , Sònia Martí","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106552","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106552","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adequate colostrum intake is critical for the passive transfer of immunity in calves, and serum γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT; EC 2.3.2.2) is a potential indicator. However, conventional assays for its detection require laboratory facilities, limiting their use in the field. Herein, a simple visual test has been developed for the semi-quantitative determination of serum GGT using immobilized reagents on paper supports. The enzyme substrate, drop volume, and membrane type were optimized, with γ-<span>L</span>-glutamyl-3-carboxy-4-nitroanilide, 10 µL drop volume, and a binder-free microfiber glass membrane providing the best performance. The visual test showed a limit of semi-quantification (LOSQ) of 39 U/L, while digital analysis slightly improved the sensitivity. When applied to calf serum samples, the test reliably reflected GGT evolution: negligible at birth, peak activity at 2 days (corresponding to colostrum intake), declining by day 14, and further decreasing at day 18. The visual test showed strong agreement with the conventional enzyme assay (<em>κ</em> = 0.94), correctly estimating 26 out of 31 samples (84 %), and digital analysis of the membranes correlated even more closely (<em>R</em> = 0.9924). This point-of-need (PON) device offers a rapid, low-cost, and practical tool for on-farm monitoring of colostrum intake, supporting early detection of failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI) and improved calf health management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 106552"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106549
Raphael Arz , Brian Park , Sebastian Knell , Antonio Pozzi , Frank Steffen , Lucas A. Smolders
Degenerative lumbosacral stenosis (DLSS) in dogs can involve foraminal stenosis and L7 nerve root compression. Surgical options to expand the L7-S1 neuroforamen (NF) include foraminotomy and distraction-stabilization. However, the efficacy of these techniques when subjected to biomechanical loading is unclear. The study objective was to investigate the influence of spinal motion on the volume of the L7-S1 NF in the native spine and after foraminotomy and distraction-stabilization. Eight canine cadaveric spines were subsequently tested in 3 conditions: native, after unilateral foraminotomy and after distraction-stabilization of L7-S1. Spines were subjected to axial compression, flexion/extension, lateral bending and axial rotation. The volume of the L7-S1 NF was calculated for each condition and motion direction. Linear mixed models were used to analyze differences between motions and conditions. The NF in the native spine was only affected by flexion (+4.5 %±16.6;P < 0.01) and extension (-36.7 %±11.1;P < 0.01) when compared to the position neutral + axial compression. The NF dimension after foraminotomy increased in flexion (+20.4 %±24.6;P < 0.01) and decreased in extension (-35.9 %±9.3;P < 0.01). In contrast, the NF after distraction-stabilization was not affected by biomechanical motion. Foraminotomy resulted in significantly increased volumes in all loading conditions (+31.0–45.7 %;P < 0.01). Distraction-stabilization produced smaller, yet statistically significant, increases in foraminal volume across several loading directions: axial compression (+15 %±18.0;P = 0.01), ipsilateral lateral bending (+22.1 %±19.0;P < 0.01), extension (+75 %±31.6;P < 0.01) and ipsilateral (+9.3 %±12.9;P = 0.01) and contralateral axial rotation (+12.7 %±12.9;P = 0.01). Both foraminotomy and distraction-stabilization lead to significant increases in the volume of the L7-S1 NF throughout spinal movement. As such, either procedure may be effective in enlarging the L7-S1 neuroforamen compromised by DLSS.
{"title":"The effects of foraminotomy and distraction-stabilization on the dimensions of the lumbosacral neuroforamen throughout range of motion","authors":"Raphael Arz , Brian Park , Sebastian Knell , Antonio Pozzi , Frank Steffen , Lucas A. Smolders","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106549","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106549","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Degenerative lumbosacral stenosis (DLSS) in dogs can involve foraminal stenosis and L7 nerve root compression. Surgical options to expand the L7-S1 neuroforamen (NF) include foraminotomy and distraction-stabilization. However, the efficacy of these techniques when subjected to biomechanical loading is unclear. The study objective was to investigate the influence of spinal motion on the volume of the L7-S1 NF in the native spine and after foraminotomy and distraction-stabilization. Eight canine cadaveric spines were subsequently tested in 3 conditions: native, after unilateral foraminotomy and after distraction-stabilization of L7-S1. Spines were subjected to axial compression, flexion/extension, lateral bending and axial rotation. The volume of the L7-S1 NF was calculated for each condition and motion direction. Linear mixed models were used to analyze differences between motions and conditions. The NF in the native spine was only affected by flexion (+4.5 %±16.6;P < 0.01) and extension (-36.7 %±11.1;P < 0.01) when compared to the position neutral + axial compression. The NF dimension after foraminotomy increased in flexion (+20.4 %±24.6;P < 0.01) and decreased in extension (-35.9 %±9.3;P < 0.01). In contrast, the NF after distraction-stabilization was not affected by biomechanical motion. Foraminotomy resulted in significantly increased volumes in all loading conditions (+31.0–45.7 %;P < 0.01). Distraction-stabilization produced smaller, yet statistically significant, increases in foraminal volume across several loading directions: axial compression (+15 %±18.0;P = 0.01), ipsilateral lateral bending (+22.1 %±19.0;P < 0.01), extension (+75 %±31.6;P < 0.01) and ipsilateral (+9.3 %±12.9;P = 0.01) and contralateral axial rotation (+12.7 %±12.9;P = 0.01). Both foraminotomy and distraction-stabilization lead to significant increases in the volume of the L7-S1 NF throughout spinal movement. As such, either procedure may be effective in enlarging the L7-S1 neuroforamen compromised by DLSS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 106549"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145946345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106548
Hilla Chen , Larry D. Cowgill , Thierry Francey , Rosanne E. Jepson , Catherine Langston , Ariane Schweighauser , Gilad Segev
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in small animal practice. Early recognition and medical management form the basis of treatment, however, for dogs and cats with severe AKI, resulting in the development of uremic metabolic derangements and oligoanuria, advanced renal replacement therapy (RRT) should be considered. Different platforms (i.e. machines) and modalities are available for the delivery of RRT including intermittent hemodialysis (IHD) and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) providing different but complimentary therapeutic options for the management of AKI. Intermittent hemodialysis is a short (i.e., few hours) and typically highly efficient treatment, whereas CRRT typically is less efficient but delivered continuously (≥24 h) which brings some advantages, especially for severely uremic or hemodynamically unstable animals. Working within the constraints of veterinary medicine and limitations that may exist in hospital staffing, facilities and finances, hybrid therapeutic protocols (e.g. prolonged intermittent renal replacement therapy (PIRRT; 6–12 h)) and transitional-CRRT (12–24 h) have been developed to advance the use of renal replacement platforms to fit with these logistical requirements. The literature on CRRT in veterinary patients is extremely limited, however, the demand for extracorporeal-based RRT therapies is expanding rapidly. Therefore, guidelines are required to ensure safe and effective operation and to optimize the management of dogs and cats with AKI using these platforms. To that end, these consensus-based best practice guidelines provide current knowledge on veterinary patient considerations, prescription, anti-coagulation, machine-based monitoring and commonly identified complications that may be experienced during CRRT, based on collective expert opinion.
{"title":"International renal interest society best practice consensus guidelines on the use of continuous renal replacement therapy in dogs and cats","authors":"Hilla Chen , Larry D. Cowgill , Thierry Francey , Rosanne E. Jepson , Catherine Langston , Ariane Schweighauser , Gilad Segev","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106548","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in small animal practice. Early recognition and medical management form the basis of treatment, however, for dogs and cats with severe AKI, resulting in the development of uremic metabolic derangements and oligoanuria, advanced renal replacement therapy (RRT) should be considered. Different platforms (i.e. machines) and modalities are available for the delivery of RRT including intermittent hemodialysis (IHD) and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) providing different but complimentary therapeutic options for the management of AKI. Intermittent hemodialysis is a short (i.e., few hours) and typically highly efficient treatment, whereas CRRT typically is less efficient but delivered continuously (≥24 h) which brings some advantages, especially for severely uremic or hemodynamically unstable animals. Working within the constraints of veterinary medicine and limitations that may exist in hospital staffing, facilities and finances, hybrid therapeutic protocols (e.g. prolonged intermittent renal replacement therapy (PIRRT; 6–12 h)) and transitional-CRRT (12–24 h) have been developed to advance the use of renal replacement platforms to fit with these logistical requirements. The literature on CRRT in veterinary patients is extremely limited, however, the demand for extracorporeal-based RRT therapies is expanding rapidly. Therefore, guidelines are required to ensure safe and effective operation and to optimize the management of dogs and cats with AKI using these platforms. To that end, these consensus-based best practice guidelines provide current knowledge on veterinary patient considerations, prescription, anti-coagulation, machine-based monitoring and commonly identified complications that may be experienced during CRRT, based on collective expert opinion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 106548"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145946424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106547
Wei Wei , Di Jiao , Rui Shi , Rigai Sa , Zhengyi Li , Lu An , Xiaoqian Zhang , Jingyi Wen , Rui Wang
Brucellosis remains a neglected zoonosis that threatens livestock production and human health in China. Small ruminants are key reservoirs, yet brucellosis in sheep and goats is still insufficiently characterized in terms of seroprevalence, risk factors, and spatial–temporal dynamics. We conducted a nationwide systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) of studies published up to 1 August 2025. We pooled eligible cross-sectional data using a random-effects model, explored determinants by subgroup analysis and meta-regression, and applied ARIMA models to forecast trends. We included 306 studies from 27 provinces. The overall pooled seroprevalence was 3.0 % (95 % CI 2.3–3.8), with strong geographic heterogeneity. The highest burden occurred in North China, especially Inner Mongolia. Risk was higher in spring and in BSk (cold semi-arid) climates. Seroprevalence was slightly higher in goats, young animals (<1 year), and stall-feeding systems, indicating the need to strengthen housing hygiene and farm biosecurity. Diagnostic methods explained substantial heterogeneity: RBPT tended to yield higher estimates, whereas ELISA/cELISA offer better diagnostic performance. Seroprevalence rose around 2016–2017 and then declined only modestly. Forecasts suggested a continued upward drift (0.76 % in 2026–0.84 % in 2027), implying sustained One Health risks. These findings support region-specific vaccination with priority for goats, expanded standardized ELISA/cELISA use, and integrated human–livestock surveillance with harmonized reporting and targeted protection for high-risk workers in hotspot regions.
在中国，布鲁氏菌病仍然是一种被忽视的人畜共患病，威胁着畜牧生产和人类健康。小型反刍动物是布鲁氏菌病的主要宿主，但绵羊和山羊的布鲁氏菌病在血清流行率、危险因素和时空动态方面的特征仍然不足。我们对截至2025年8月1日发表的研究进行了全国性的系统评价和荟萃分析（PRISMA）。我们使用随机效应模型汇集了符合条件的横截面数据，通过亚群分析和元回归探讨了决定因素，并应用ARIMA模型预测趋势。我们纳入了来自27个省份的306项研究。总体合并血清阳性率为3.0 %(95 % CI 2.3-3.8)，具有很强的地理异质性。华北地区的负担最重，尤其是内蒙古。春季和BSk（冷半干旱）气候的风险较高。山羊、幼畜（1岁）和棚户区饲养系统的血清阳性率略高，表明需要加强住房卫生和农场生物安全。诊断方法解释了实质性的异质性：RBPT倾向于产生更高的估计值，而ELISA/cELISA提供更好的诊断性能。血清阳性率在2016-2017年前后上升，随后仅小幅下降。预测显示持续上升趋势（2026年为0.76 %，2027年为0.84 %），意味着持续的One Health风险。这些发现支持以山羊为重点的区域特异性疫苗接种，扩大标准化ELISA/cELISA的使用，以及对热点地区高风险工人进行统一报告和有针对性保护的人畜综合监测。
{"title":"Spatiotemporal trends and risk factors of small-ruminant brucellosis in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Wei Wei , Di Jiao , Rui Shi , Rigai Sa , Zhengyi Li , Lu An , Xiaoqian Zhang , Jingyi Wen , Rui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Brucellosis remains a neglected zoonosis that threatens livestock production and human health in China. Small ruminants are key reservoirs, yet brucellosis in sheep and goats is still insufficiently characterized in terms of seroprevalence, risk factors, and spatial–temporal dynamics. We conducted a nationwide systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) of studies published up to 1 August 2025. We pooled eligible cross-sectional data using a random-effects model, explored determinants by subgroup analysis and meta-regression, and applied ARIMA models to forecast trends. We included 306 studies from 27 provinces. The overall pooled seroprevalence was 3.0 % (95 % CI 2.3–3.8), with strong geographic heterogeneity. The highest burden occurred in North China, especially Inner Mongolia. Risk was higher in spring and in BSk (cold semi-arid) climates. Seroprevalence was slightly higher in goats, young animals (<1 year), and stall-feeding systems, indicating the need to strengthen housing hygiene and farm biosecurity. Diagnostic methods explained substantial heterogeneity: RBPT tended to yield higher estimates, whereas ELISA/cELISA offer better diagnostic performance. Seroprevalence rose around 2016–2017 and then declined only modestly. Forecasts suggested a continued upward drift (0.76 % in 2026–0.84 % in 2027), implying sustained One Health risks. These findings support region-specific vaccination with priority for goats, expanded standardized ELISA/cELISA use, and integrated human–livestock surveillance with harmonized reporting and targeted protection for high-risk workers in hotspot regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 106547"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106550
Mehmet Akköse , Halit Kanca , Tuğrul Hoşbul , Sema Ören , Murat Onur Yazlık , Ufuk Kaya , Mert Pekcan , Hatice Esra Çolakoğlu , Yunus Furkan Altınbaş , Hasan Karakuş , Mehmet Rıfat Vural
This study aimed to investigate the effects of dry-period heat stress on metabolic and oxidative stress parameters, cytokine release, and T lymphocyte percentages in dairy cows and their offspring. Thirty-two Holstein cows were randomly assigned to heat stress (HS) and cooling (CL) groups. Blood samples were collected to harvest serum and isolate peripheral blood leukocytes, from cows at 21 – 28 days before the expected calving date and immediately after calving, and from their calves postnatally (before colostrum consumption and 24 ± 1 h after birth). Helper (Th1, Th2), regulatory T (Treg), and gamma/delta T (γδT) lymphocytes were enumerated by flow cytometry. Interferon gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin-17A (IL-17A), IL-10, IL-6, IL-1β, retinol, alpha-tocopherol, lactoferrin, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels were measured using bovine-specific commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test kits. Nitric oxide, paraoxonase, total oxidant capacity, total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase, malondialdehyde (MDA), albumin, total protein, cholesterol, bilirubin, and creatinine levels were measured using an auto-analyzer. Compared to the CL group, in the HS cows, serum retinoic acid, alpha-tocopherol (p < 0.05), ALP, catalase, GSH-Px and IL-1β levels (p < 0.01) were significantly lower, whereas IL-6, IFN-γ and IL-10 levels were higher (p < 0.01). The HS cows presented with higher Th1 lymphocyte percentages (p < 0.01), and lower γδT and Treg lymphocyte percentages (p < 0.01). Treg lymphocyte percentages showed no difference between the groups, but varied by day. Specifically, in both the HS and CL dams, Treg lymphocyte percentages were significantly lower at the calving time than on day 21 before the expected calving date (p = 0.021). Colostral IgG concentrations were lower (p < 0.05) in the HS group. In the offspring, there were no significant differences between the HS and CL groups for the T lymphocyte percentages before colostrum consumption and the serum IgG concentrations at 24 ± 1 h after birth. In conclusion, the study findings suggest that providing heat stress abatement to dry cows may modulate both Th1, Treg, and γδT lymphocyte functions, and the release of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. However, intrauterine heat stress did not affect lymphocyte percentages in offspring before colostrum consumption.
{"title":"The effect of dry-period heat stress on inflammatory, oxidative and metabolic alterations, and acquired immunity in dairy cows and offspring","authors":"Mehmet Akköse , Halit Kanca , Tuğrul Hoşbul , Sema Ören , Murat Onur Yazlık , Ufuk Kaya , Mert Pekcan , Hatice Esra Çolakoğlu , Yunus Furkan Altınbaş , Hasan Karakuş , Mehmet Rıfat Vural","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106550","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106550","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to investigate the effects of dry-period heat stress on metabolic and oxidative stress parameters, cytokine release, and T lymphocyte percentages in dairy cows and their offspring. Thirty-two Holstein cows were randomly assigned to heat stress (HS) and cooling (CL) groups. Blood samples were collected to harvest serum and isolate peripheral blood leukocytes, from cows at 21 – 28 days before the expected calving date and immediately after calving, and from their calves postnatally (before colostrum consumption and 24 ± 1 h after birth). Helper (Th1, Th2), regulatory T (Treg), and gamma/delta T (γδT) lymphocytes were enumerated by flow cytometry. Interferon gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin-17A (IL-17A), IL-10, IL-6, IL-1β, retinol, alpha-tocopherol, lactoferrin, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels were measured using bovine-specific commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test kits. Nitric oxide, paraoxonase, total oxidant capacity, total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase, malondialdehyde (MDA), albumin, total protein, cholesterol, bilirubin, and creatinine levels were measured using an auto-analyzer. Compared to the CL group, in the HS cows, serum retinoic acid, alpha-tocopherol (p < 0.05), ALP, catalase, GSH-Px and IL-1β levels (p < 0.01) were significantly lower, whereas IL-6, IFN-γ and IL-10 levels were higher (p < 0.01). The HS cows presented with higher Th1 lymphocyte percentages (p < 0.01), and lower γδT and Treg lymphocyte percentages (p < 0.01). Treg lymphocyte percentages showed no difference between the groups, but varied by day. Specifically, in both the HS and CL dams, Treg lymphocyte percentages were significantly lower at the calving time than on day 21 before the expected calving date (p = 0.021). Colostral IgG concentrations were lower (p < 0.05) in the HS group. In the offspring, there were no significant differences between the HS and CL groups for the T lymphocyte percentages before colostrum consumption and the serum IgG concentrations at 24 ± 1 h after birth. In conclusion, the study findings suggest that providing heat stress abatement to dry cows may modulate both Th1, Treg, and γδT lymphocyte functions, and the release of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. However, intrauterine heat stress did not affect lymphocyte percentages in offspring before colostrum consumption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 106550"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145935337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cats are highly susceptible to chronic kidney disease (CKD), for which effective treatments remain unavailable. We previously reported a genetic deficiency in activating apoptosis inhibitor of macrophages (AIM) in cats. Based on a hypothesis that the deficiency in AIM activation may contribute to the high susceptibility of cats to CKD, we investigated clinical impacts of recombinant AIM (rAIM) treatment in cats with advanced CKD, as an exploratory, non-pivotal study. 216 CKD cats were screened and those harboring serum creatinine concentrations between 2.9 and 5.0 mg/dL, including 26 with ≥ 5 µg/mL serum indoxyl sulfate (IS) concentrations and 9 with < 5 μg/mL IS, were enrolled into the study. Of the 26 cats, 6 received mouse rAIM administrations, 5 received feline rAIM, and 15 served as non-treated controls. Their survival was monitored for 360 days, and kidney biomarkers, metabolomic profiles, as well as sphingolipids in serum were assessed. The median survival time of non-treated controls was 167 days (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 116–217), whereas rAIM treatment significantly extended survival, with a cumulative survival rate of 0.83 (95 % CI: 0.53–1.0) at 360 days by mouse rAIM and 0.8 (95 % CI: 0.44–1.0) by feline rAIM compared to 0.20 (95 % CI: 0.0–0.40) in controls. Additionally, rAIM prevented the worsening of kidney biomarkers and uremic toxins, restoring serum sphingomyelins that reduce inflammation and fibrosis. The 9 cats with lower IS concentrations showed 100 % survival at 360 days without rAIM treatment. These findings support the use of AIM-based therapies against advanced CKD in cats.
{"title":"A clinical impact of apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage on feline chronic kidney disease","authors":"Tetsushi Tezuka , Hiroyuki Arakawa , Kai Kudo , Hideyuki Takehara , Masanobu Morioka , Kazutaka Ikeda , Takashi Ikeda , Keisuke Yasuda , Yuko Fujima , Motoo Kobayashi , Yuki Okada , Toshiro Arai , Satoko Arai , Toru Miyazaki","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106545","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106545","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cats are highly susceptible to chronic kidney disease (CKD), for which effective treatments remain unavailable. We previously reported a genetic deficiency in activating apoptosis inhibitor of macrophages (AIM) in cats. Based on a hypothesis that the deficiency in AIM activation may contribute to the high susceptibility of cats to CKD, we investigated clinical impacts of recombinant AIM (rAIM) treatment in cats with advanced CKD, as an exploratory, non-pivotal study. 216 CKD cats were screened and those harboring serum creatinine concentrations between 2.9 and 5.0 mg/dL, including 26 with ≥ 5 µg/mL serum indoxyl sulfate (IS) concentrations and 9 with < 5 μg/mL IS, were enrolled into the study. Of the 26 cats, 6 received mouse rAIM administrations, 5 received feline rAIM, and 15 served as non-treated controls. Their survival was monitored for 360 days, and kidney biomarkers, metabolomic profiles, as well as sphingolipids in serum were assessed. The median survival time of non-treated controls was 167 days (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 116–217), whereas rAIM treatment significantly extended survival, with a cumulative survival rate of 0.83 (95 % CI: 0.53–1.0) at 360 days by mouse rAIM and 0.8 (95 % CI: 0.44–1.0) by feline rAIM compared to 0.20 (95 % CI: 0.0–0.40) in controls. Additionally, rAIM prevented the worsening of kidney biomarkers and uremic toxins, restoring serum sphingomyelins that reduce inflammation and fibrosis. The 9 cats with lower IS concentrations showed 100 % survival at 360 days without rAIM treatment. These findings support the use of AIM-based therapies against advanced CKD in cats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 106545"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145900493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106546
Xin Wang , Huina Luo , Huimin Ruan , Bingyun Wang , Xinhua Ling , Shengfeng Chen
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are regarded as a fundamental component in the advancement of regenerative therapies for feline medicine. In this study, a novel protocol was established to derive MSCs from discarded feline embryos obtained post-ovariohysterectomy. Embryonic cell aggregates (EAs) were generated through collagenase digestion of embryos, followed by three-dimensional (3D) culture in complete medium containing 100 ng/mL basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). The EAs were subsequently plated on collagen-coated dishes to yield feline embryonic cell aggregate-derived MSCs (feEA-MSCs). Strong expression of characteristic MSCs markers CD73, CD90, and CD105 was demonstrated by surface marker analysis, with minimal expression of CD34 and HLA-DR. Furthermore, significantly higher mRNA expression of the pluripotency-associated transcription factors NANOG and SOX2 was exhibited by feEA-MSCs compared to adipose-derived MSCs (AD-MSCs) (P < 0.05). Consistent alkaline phosphatase activity was maintained by the cells, while a karyotypically normal state at passage 6 (2n = 38) was retained. Overall, this approach provides a source of feline MSCs with enhanced pluripotency characteristics, demonstrating significant potential for translational applications in regenerative medicine.
{"title":"Derivation of genetically stable mesenchymal stem cells from feline embryonic cell aggregates","authors":"Xin Wang , Huina Luo , Huimin Ruan , Bingyun Wang , Xinhua Ling , Shengfeng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106546","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106546","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are regarded as a fundamental component in the advancement of regenerative therapies for feline medicine. In this study, a novel protocol was established to derive MSCs from discarded feline embryos obtained post-ovariohysterectomy. Embryonic cell aggregates (EAs) were generated through collagenase digestion of embryos, followed by three-dimensional (3D) culture in complete medium containing 100 ng/mL basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). The EAs were subsequently plated on collagen-coated dishes to yield feline embryonic cell aggregate-derived MSCs (feEA-MSCs). Strong expression of characteristic MSCs markers CD73, CD90, and CD105 was demonstrated by surface marker analysis, with minimal expression of CD34 and HLA-DR. Furthermore, significantly higher mRNA expression of the pluripotency-associated transcription factors <em>NANOG</em> and <em>SOX2</em> was exhibited by feEA-MSCs compared to adipose-derived MSCs (AD-MSCs) (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Consistent alkaline phosphatase activity was maintained by the cells, while a karyotypically normal state at passage 6 (2n = 38) was retained. Overall, this approach provides a source of feline MSCs with enhanced pluripotency characteristics, demonstrating significant potential for translational applications in regenerative medicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 106546"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145906891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-02DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106544
Talal A.M. bo Selema , Riad H. Khalil , Mahmoud M. Abotaleb , El-Sayed Hemdan Eissa , Mohamed Fathi
Lactococcosis, caused by Lactococcus garvieae, is an emerging threat to the expanding European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) aquaculture industry in Egypt. This study provides a comprehensive investigation into the pathogenicity, epidemiology, and immunoprophylaxis of L. garvieae from outbreaks in the Borg El-Arab and Mothalus El-Deeba provinces. We found that infected farms exhibited significantly deteriorated water quality, characterized by elevated ammonia, nitrite, pH, and reduced dissolved oxygen. Bacteriological and molecular analysis of 300 moribund fish revealed a high prevalence of L. garvieae (67.3 %), with significant geographical variation and a distinct organotropism for the liver and brain. The local isolates demonstrated a concerning antibiotic resistance profile, showing complete resistance to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline but full sensitivity to streptomycin and enrofloxacin. Experimental challenge established the median lethal dose (LD₅₀) at 2.31 × 10⁶ CFU/fish, confirming the strain's virulence. To develop a control strategy, we evaluated four inactivated whole-cell vaccine preparations (formalin-killed cells (FKC), chloroform-killed cells (CKC), phenol-killed cells (PKC), and heat-killed cells (HKC)) administered via intraperitoneal, immersion, or combined routes. The combined vaccination route using either FKC or CKC elicited the most robust immune protection, generating the highest specific antibody titers (up to 8.34 log₁₀), enhancing phagocytic activity (up to 39.21 %), and improving key hematological parameters. This regimen resulted in the highest relative percent survival (RPS) of 53.04 % and 45.41 % for FKC and CKC, respectively, and significant histopathological improvements in the kidney and spleen post-challenge. Our findings confirm L. garvieae as a primary pathogen in Egyptian sea bass aquaculture. They also demonstrate that a vaccination protocol using formalin- or chloroform-killed bacterins delivered through a combined prime-boost strategy offers a promising approach for disease management, offering partial protection that warrants further optimization for sustainable application.
{"title":"Epidemiology and immunoprophylaxis of lactococcosis in European Sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax): A comprehensive study from Egyptian Aquaculture","authors":"Talal A.M. bo Selema , Riad H. Khalil , Mahmoud M. Abotaleb , El-Sayed Hemdan Eissa , Mohamed Fathi","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106544","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lactococcosis, caused by <em>Lactococcus garvieae</em>, is an emerging threat to the expanding European sea bass (<em>Dicentrarchus labrax</em>) aquaculture industry in Egypt. This study provides a comprehensive investigation into the pathogenicity, epidemiology, and immunoprophylaxis of <em>L. garvieae</em> from outbreaks in the Borg El-Arab and Mothalus El-Deeba provinces. We found that infected farms exhibited significantly deteriorated water quality, characterized by elevated ammonia, nitrite, pH, and reduced dissolved oxygen. Bacteriological and molecular analysis of 300 moribund fish revealed a high prevalence of <em>L. garvieae</em> (67.3 %), with significant geographical variation and a distinct organotropism for the liver and brain. The local isolates demonstrated a concerning antibiotic resistance profile, showing complete resistance to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline but full sensitivity to streptomycin and enrofloxacin. Experimental challenge established the median lethal dose (LD₅₀) at 2.31 × 10⁶ CFU/fish, confirming the strain's virulence. To develop a control strategy, we evaluated four inactivated whole-cell vaccine preparations (formalin-killed cells (FKC), chloroform-killed cells (CKC), phenol-killed cells (PKC), and heat-killed cells (HKC)) administered via intraperitoneal, immersion, or combined routes. The combined vaccination route using either FKC or CKC elicited the most robust immune protection, generating the highest specific antibody titers (up to 8.34 log₁₀), enhancing phagocytic activity (up to 39.21 %), and improving key hematological parameters. This regimen resulted in the highest relative percent survival (RPS) of 53.04 % and 45.41 % for FKC and CKC, respectively, and significant histopathological improvements in the kidney and spleen post-challenge. Our findings confirm <em>L. garvieae</em> as a primary pathogen in Egyptian sea bass aquaculture. They also demonstrate that a vaccination protocol using formalin- or chloroform-killed bacterins delivered through a combined prime-boost strategy offers a promising approach for disease management, offering partial protection that warrants further optimization for sustainable application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 106544"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145900590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to develop a standardized ultrasound (US) protocol using selected thoracic and abdominal acoustic windows, to assess its feasibility and applicability in healthy foals, and to evaluate its usefulness for detecting common thoracic and abdominal conditions in sick foals. The Focused US (FUS) protocol included 12 thoraco-abdominal windows (4 right-side, 3 ventral, 5 left-side) using a curved-array probe. It was applied to cohorts of healthy (n = 17) and sick (n = 23) foals by a veterinary clinician with limited US experience. The FUS showed good feasibility and applicability, with clear visualization of target abdominal structures. Diagnostic usefulness was high for identifying gastrointestinal disease and peritoneal effusions. However, several challenges emerged: the need to change recumbency, the relatively large number of US windows, the need for staff to restrain foals, and the prioritization of other diagnostic or therapeutic procedures in sick foals. A shortened Foal Oriented Compressed US (FOCUS) protocol was developed, including 7 thoraco-abdominal windows from a single right recumbency (4 right-side, 3 ventral), and was tested in healthy (n = 3) and sick (n = 3) foals by three clinicians with varying levels of experience. The FOCUS proved significantly faster than FUS, with a short acquisition time (median 7 min, range 3–10 min). Main limitations include single-operator image acquisition, the small cohort of sick foals assessed using FUS, and limited evaluation of the FOCUS protocol. In conclusion, FUS can be performed by veterinarians without extensive US experience. However, in emergency settings, FOCUS may be preferred due to its greater time efficiency.
{"title":"Development and application of a focused ultrasound protocol in neonatal foals","authors":"Nicola Ellero , Alessandra Maggi , Valeria Busoni , Ilaria Imposimato , Carolina Castagnetti , Aliai Lanci , Jole Mariella , Francesca Freccero","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106543","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106543","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to develop a standardized ultrasound (US) protocol using selected thoracic and abdominal acoustic windows, to assess its feasibility and applicability in healthy foals, and to evaluate its usefulness for detecting common thoracic and abdominal conditions in sick foals. The Focused US (FUS) protocol included 12 thoraco-abdominal windows (4 right-side, 3 ventral, 5 left-side) using a curved-array probe. It was applied to cohorts of healthy (n = 17) and sick (n = 23) foals by a veterinary clinician with limited US experience. The FUS showed good feasibility and applicability, with clear visualization of target abdominal structures. Diagnostic usefulness was high for identifying gastrointestinal disease and peritoneal effusions. However, several challenges emerged: the need to change recumbency, the relatively large number of US windows, the need for staff to restrain foals, and the prioritization of other diagnostic or therapeutic procedures in sick foals. A shortened Foal Oriented Compressed US (FOCUS) protocol was developed, including 7 thoraco-abdominal windows from a single right recumbency (4 right-side, 3 ventral), and was tested in healthy (n = 3) and sick (n = 3) foals by three clinicians with varying levels of experience. The FOCUS proved significantly faster than FUS, with a short acquisition time (median 7 min, range 3–10 min). Main limitations include single-operator image acquisition, the small cohort of sick foals assessed using FUS, and limited evaluation of the FOCUS protocol. In conclusion, FUS can be performed by veterinarians without extensive US experience. However, in emergency settings, FOCUS may be preferred due to its greater time efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 106543"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145858136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-26DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106542
Guangju You , Dandan Jiang , Xiaoxia Cheng , Li Zeng , Shifeng Xiao , Xiaoli Zhu , Shao Wang , Shaoying Chen , Shilong Chen
Duck adenovirus B2 (DAdV-B2) and short beak and dwarfism syndrome virus (SBDSV) are major pathogens that cause severe economic losses in the global duck industry. To develop a recombinant DAdV-B2 virus capable of expressing SBDSV antigens, we first generated an attenuated DAdV-B2 strain, designated BG18cm20, by serially passaging the virulent BG18 strain in Muscovy duck embryo fibroblast cells. Pathogenicity assessment confirmed that BG18cm20 is non-pathogenic in Muscovy ducklings, validating its safety as a viral vector backbone. Using CRISPR/Cas9-assisted homology-mediated end joining technology, we inserted GFP reporter gene or the SBDSV vp3 gene into the genomic loci (ORF20-ORF53) of BG18cm20, successfully constructing recombinant viruses BG18cm20-GFP and BG18cm20-SBDSV-VP3. In vitro characterization demonstrated that recombinant viruses replicate efficiently and maintain stable expression of the inserted genes over 15 serial passages. Notably, transmission electron microscopy revealed that the VP3 protein expressed by BG18cm20-SBDSV-VP3 self-assembles into SBDSV virus-like particles. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that BG18cm20 serves as a safe and effective viral vector platform for foreign antigen expression. The construction and in vitro characterization of BG18cm20-SBDSV-VP3 provide a foundational basis for future development of bivalent vaccine against DAdV-B2 and SBDSV in ducks.
{"title":"Development and characterization of a recombinant attenuated duck adenovirus B2 vector expressing the vp3 gene of short beak and dwarfism syndrome virus","authors":"Guangju You , Dandan Jiang , Xiaoxia Cheng , Li Zeng , Shifeng Xiao , Xiaoli Zhu , Shao Wang , Shaoying Chen , Shilong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106542","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106542","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Duck adenovirus B2 (DAdV-B2) and short beak and dwarfism syndrome virus (SBDSV) are major pathogens that cause severe economic losses in the global duck industry. To develop a recombinant DAdV-B2 virus capable of expressing SBDSV antigens, we first generated an attenuated DAdV-B2 strain, designated BG18cm20, by serially passaging the virulent BG18 strain in Muscovy duck embryo fibroblast cells. Pathogenicity assessment confirmed that BG18cm20 is non-pathogenic in Muscovy ducklings, validating its safety as a viral vector backbone. Using CRISPR/Cas9-assisted homology-mediated end joining technology, we inserted GFP reporter gene or the SBDSV <em>vp3</em> gene into the genomic loci (<em>ORF20-ORF53</em>) of BG18cm20, successfully constructing recombinant viruses BG18cm20-GFP and BG18cm20-SBDSV-VP3. In vitro characterization demonstrated that recombinant viruses replicate efficiently and maintain stable expression of the inserted genes over 15 serial passages. Notably, transmission electron microscopy revealed that the VP3 protein expressed by BG18cm20-SBDSV-VP3 self-assembles into SBDSV virus-like particles. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that BG18cm20 serves as a safe and effective viral vector platform for foreign antigen expression. The construction and in vitro characterization of BG18cm20-SBDSV-VP3 provide a foundational basis for future development of bivalent vaccine against DAdV-B2 and SBDSV in ducks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 106542"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145850765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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