Veterinary journal最新文献_第2页

Deciphering the genetic basis of behavioral traits in dogs: Observed-trait GWAS and latent-trait GWAS analysis reveal key genes and variants 解密狗行为特征的遗传基础：观察-特征 GWAS 和潜伏-特征 GWAS 分析揭示关键基因和变异。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary journal

Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106251

Maryam Mahmoodi , Ahmad Ayatollahi Mehrgardi , Mehdi Momen , James A. Serpell , Ali Esmailizadeh

Dogs exhibit remarkable phenotypic diversity, particularly in behavioral traits, making them an excellent model for studying the genetic basis of complex behaviors. Behavioral traits such as aggression and fear are highly heritable among different dog breeds, but their genetic basis is largely unknown. We used the genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify candidate genes associated with nine behavioral traits including; stranger-directed aggression (SDA), owner-directed aggression (ODA), dog-directed aggression (DDA), stranger-directed fear (SDF), nonsocial fear (NF), dog-directed fear (DDF), touch sensitivity (TS), separation-related behavior (SRB) and attachment attention-seeking (AAS). The observed behavioral traits were collected from 38,714 to 40,460 individuals across 108 modern dog breeds. We performed a GWAS based on a latent trait extracted using the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) method with nine observable behavioral traits and compared the results with those from the GWAS of the observed traits. Using both observed-trait and latent-trait GWAS, we identified 41 significant SNPs that were common between both GWAS methods, of which 26 were pleiotropic, as well as 10 SNPs unique to the latent-trait GWAS, and 5 SNPs unique to the observed-trait GWAS discovered. These SNPs were associated with 21 genes in latent-trait GWAS and 22 genes in the observed-trait GWAS, with 19 genes shared by both. According to previous studies, some of the genes from this study have been reported to be related to behavioral and neurological functions in dogs. In the human population, these identified genes play a role in either the formation of the nervous system or are linked to various mental health conditions. Taken together, our findings suggest that latent-trait GWAS for behavioral traits in dogs identifies significant latent genes that are neurologically prioritized.

狗表现出显著的表型多样性，尤其是在行为特征方面，这使它们成为研究复杂行为遗传基础的绝佳模型。在不同品种的狗中，攻击性和恐惧等行为特征的遗传率很高，但它们的遗传基础在很大程度上是未知的。我们利用全基因组关联研究（GWAS）找出了与九种行为特征相关的候选基因，包括陌生人指向的攻击行为（SDA）、主人指向的攻击行为（ODA）、狗指向的攻击行为（DDA）、陌生人指向的恐惧（SDF）、非社交恐惧（NF）、狗指向的恐惧（DDF）、触觉敏感（TS）、分离相关行为（SRB）和依恋注意寻求（AAS）。观察到的行为特征来自 108 个现代犬种的 38,714 至 40,460 个个体。我们使用确证因子分析（CFA）方法提取了九种可观察行为特征的潜在特征，在此基础上进行了基因组学分析，并将结果与观察特征的基因组学分析结果进行了比较。利用观察性状和潜在性状 GWAS，我们发现了两种 GWAS 方法共有的 41 个重要 SNPs，其中 26 个具有多重效应，还有 10 个 SNPs 为潜在性状 GWAS 所独有，5 个 SNPs 为观察性状 GWAS 所独有。这些 SNP 与潜伏性状 GWAS 中的 21 个基因和观察性状 GWAS 中的 22 个基因相关，其中 19 个基因为两者所共有。根据以往的研究，本研究中的一些基因与狗的行为和神经功能有关。在人类群体中，这些被发现的基因要么在神经系统的形成中发挥作用，要么与各种精神健康状况有关。综上所述，我们的研究结果表明，针对狗的行为特征的潜在特征 GWAS 发现了重要的潜在基因，这些基因是神经系统的优先基因。

{"title":"Deciphering the genetic basis of behavioral traits in dogs: Observed-trait GWAS and latent-trait GWAS analysis reveal key genes and variants","authors":"Maryam Mahmoodi , Ahmad Ayatollahi Mehrgardi , Mehdi Momen , James A. Serpell , Ali Esmailizadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106251","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106251","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dogs exhibit remarkable phenotypic diversity, particularly in behavioral traits, making them an excellent model for studying the genetic basis of complex behaviors. Behavioral traits such as aggression and fear are highly heritable among different dog breeds, but their genetic basis is largely unknown. We used the genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify candidate genes associated with nine behavioral traits including; stranger-directed aggression (SDA), owner-directed aggression (ODA), dog-directed aggression (DDA), stranger-directed fear (SDF), nonsocial fear (NF), dog-directed fear (DDF), touch sensitivity (TS), separation-related behavior (SRB) and attachment attention-seeking (AAS). The observed behavioral traits were collected from 38,714 to 40,460 individuals across 108 modern dog breeds. We performed a GWAS based on a latent trait extracted using the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) method with nine observable behavioral traits and compared the results with those from the GWAS of the observed traits. Using both observed-trait and latent-trait GWAS, we identified 41 significant SNPs that were common between both GWAS methods, of which 26 were pleiotropic, as well as 10 SNPs unique to the latent-trait GWAS, and 5 SNPs unique to the observed-trait GWAS discovered. These SNPs were associated with 21 genes in latent-trait GWAS and 22 genes in the observed-trait GWAS, with 19 genes shared by both. According to previous studies, some of the genes from this study have been reported to be related to behavioral and neurological functions in dogs. In the human population, these identified genes play a role in either the formation of the nervous system or are linked to various mental health conditions. Taken together, our findings suggest that latent-trait GWAS for behavioral traits in dogs identifies significant latent genes that are neurologically prioritized.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142378349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How does cruciate ligament rupture treatment affect range of motion in dogs? 十字韧带断裂治疗对狗的活动范围有何影响？

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary journal

Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106253

S. Pinna, M. Di Benedetto, C. Tassani

This study aimed at evaluating the changes in passive range of motion (ROM) of the stifle joint associated with cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture in dogs and assessing whether the surgical treatment carried out on the affected joints affected additional changes. A retrospective cohort study design was used. The clinical records of dogs treated with tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA), tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) and tight rope (TR) were reviewed as were the extension angle (EA), flexion angle (FA) and lameness. The data recorded at T0, before surgery, were compared with the data at 1 month and 6 months post-surgery. The data were classified as normal or abnormal.

The main results obtained one month after surgery indicated that dogs treated with TTA showed a significant worsening of flexion (the FA was abnormal in 69.6 % of dogs at T0 and 80.4 % at T1 with p = 0.0208). Dogs treated with TPLO achieved asignificant improvement in extension (the EA was normal in 16.7 % of dogs at T0 and in 33.3 % at T1 with p < 0.0001), and in flexion (the FA was normal in 23.8 % of dogs at T0 and 43.5 % at T6 with p = 0.0434). The dogs treated with TR showed a significant worsening of extension (the EA was abnormal in 68.8 % of dogs at T0 and in 81.3 % at T1 with p = 0.0024). Six months post-surgery, the ROM value was not normal in 100 % of the stifle joints; however, the lameness significantly improved with each procedure. This study confirmed the influence of surgical procedures on changes in ROM and provided useful indications for planning therapy to improve and speed up the postoperative rehabilitation process in dogs.

本研究旨在评估与犬头颅十字韧带（CCL）断裂相关的跗关节被动活动范围（ROM）的变化，并评估对受影响关节进行的手术治疗是否会影响其他变化。研究采用回顾性队列研究设计。研究人员回顾了接受胫骨结节前移术（TTA）、胫骨平台平整截骨术（TPLO）和紧绳术（TR）治疗的犬只的临床记录以及伸展角（EA）、屈曲角（FA）和跛行情况。将手术前 T0 时记录的数据与手术后 1 个月和 6 个月的数据进行比较。数据被分为正常和异常。术后一个月的主要结果表明，接受TTA治疗的狗的屈曲明显恶化（T0时69.6%的狗的FA异常，T1时80.4%的狗的FA异常，P = 0.0208）。接受 TPLO 治疗的犬只在伸展（T0 时有 16.7% 的犬只 EA 正常，T1 时有 33.3% 的犬只 EA 正常，P < 0.0001）和屈曲（T0 时有 23.8% 的犬只 FA 正常，T6 时有 43.5% 的犬只 FA 正常，P = 0.0434）方面均有显著改善。接受TR治疗的犬只的伸展功能明显恶化（68.8%的犬只在T0时EA异常，81.3%的犬只在T1时EA异常，P = 0.0024）。手术后 6 个月，100% 的跗关节的 ROM 值不正常；然而，跛行情况在每种手术中都有明显改善。这项研究证实了手术过程对ROM变化的影响，并为规划治疗提供了有用的指标，以改善和加快狗的术后康复过程。

{"title":"How does cruciate ligament rupture treatment affect range of motion in dogs?","authors":"S. Pinna, M. Di Benedetto, C. Tassani","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106253","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106253","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed at evaluating the changes in passive range of motion (ROM) of the stifle joint associated with cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture in dogs and assessing whether the surgical treatment carried out on the affected joints affected additional changes. A retrospective cohort study design was used. The clinical records of dogs treated with tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA), tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) and tight rope (TR) were reviewed as were the extension angle (EA), flexion angle (FA) and lameness. The data recorded at T0, before surgery, were compared with the data at 1 month and 6 months post-surgery. The data were classified as normal or abnormal.</div><div>The main results obtained one month after surgery indicated that dogs treated with TTA showed a significant worsening of flexion (the FA was abnormal in 69.6 % of dogs at T0 and 80.4 % at T1 with <em>p</em> = 0.0208). Dogs treated with TPLO achieved asignificant improvement in extension (the EA was normal in 16.7 % of dogs at T0 and in 33.3 % at T1 with <em>p</em> < 0.0001), and in flexion (the FA was normal in 23.8 % of dogs at T0 and 43.5 % at T6 with <em>p</em> = 0.0434). The dogs treated with TR showed a significant worsening of extension (the EA was abnormal in 68.8 % of dogs at T0 and in 81.3 % at T1 with <em>p</em> = 0.0024). Six months post-surgery, the ROM value was not normal in 100 % of the stifle joints; however, the lameness significantly improved with each procedure. This study confirmed the influence of surgical procedures on changes in ROM and provided useful indications for planning therapy to improve and speed up the postoperative rehabilitation process in dogs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142378350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Imipramine in dogs: A pharmacokinetic study following oral administration under fasted and fed conditions 狗体内的丙咪嗪：禁食和进食条件下口服给药后的药代动力学研究。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary journal

Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106250

C. Fadel , B. Łebkowska-Wieruszewskac , A. Lisowski , F. Serih , A. Poapolathep , N. Čudina , M. Giorgi

This study investigates the pharmacokinetics (PK) of imipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant used in human psychiatric disorders and increasingly considered in veterinary medicine. Despite its longstanding use in canines, prior research on imipramine's PK in dogs is lacking. This study aimed to determine the PK of imipramine in dogs in regards to feeding conditions, and to ascertain whether desipramine (active metabolite) is formed or not. In this study, six male Labrador dogs underwent oral administration (1.5 mg/kg) of imipramine tablets (10 mg each; Tofranil®, Novartis) in both fasted and fed conditions. Dogs were randomly allocated to one of two treatment groups, employing an open, single-dose, two-treatment, two-phase, cross-over design, with a washout period of one week. Blood was drawn from the left cephalic vein to heparinized tubes at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, and 48 h. Plasma concentrations were quantified using a validated HPLC method, and the data were analyzed using PKanalix™ software with a non-compartmental approach.

Concentrations of imipramine remained quantifiable up to 1.5 hr after administration under both conditions. Desipramine, in both feeding states, was detectable for a short duration, but not quantifiable. No significant differences were observed in the PK parameters of imipramine between the fasting and fed states. The rapid attainment of maximum concentration (C_max) occurred within 0.25 h, indicating a swift absorption rate. Notably, the terminal half-life in dogs was remarkably short at 0.25 h, prompting a re-evaluation of dosing strategies. Considering the recommended therapeutic plasma concentrations in humans, the administered dose might result in effective levels for a brief period of time. Future research should explore intravenous administration, multiple-dose studies, and metabolic investigations to further elucidate imipramine's PK in dogs.

本研究调查了丙咪嗪的药代动力学（PK），丙咪嗪是一种三环类抗抑郁药，用于治疗人类精神疾病，在兽医学中的应用也日益广泛。尽管咪唑帕明在犬科动物中的应用由来已久，但之前却缺乏有关咪唑帕明在犬科动物中的药代动力学研究。本研究旨在确定咪唑帕明在狗体内的 PK 与喂食条件的关系，并确定是否会形成地西普胺（活性代谢物）。在这项研究中，六只雄性拉布拉多犬分别在禁食和进食条件下口服（1.5 毫克/千克）丙咪嗪片剂（每片 10 毫克；Tofranil®，诺华公司）。采用开放式、单剂量、两疗程、两阶段、交叉设计，将狗随机分配到两个治疗组中的一个，冲洗期为一周。分别于 0、0.25、0.5、0.75、1、1.5、2、4、6、8、10、24 和 48 小时从左侧头静脉抽血至肝素化试管。采用经过验证的高效液相色谱法对血浆浓度进行定量，并使用 PKanalixTM 软件对数据进行非室分析。在两种条件下，丙咪嗪的浓度在给药后1.5小时内仍可定量。在两种进食状态下，地西帕明都能在短时间内被检测到，但无法定量。在空腹和进食状态下，丙咪嗪的 PK 参数没有明显差异。最大浓度（Cmax）在 0.25 小时内迅速达到，表明吸收速度很快。值得注意的是，狗的终末半衰期非常短，仅为 0.25 小时，这促使我们重新评估给药策略。考虑到推荐的人体治疗血浆浓度，给药剂量可能会在短时间内达到有效水平。未来的研究应探索静脉给药、多剂量研究和代谢调查，以进一步阐明丙咪嗪在狗体内的PK。

{"title":"Imipramine in dogs: A pharmacokinetic study following oral administration under fasted and fed conditions","authors":"C. Fadel , B. Łebkowska-Wieruszewskac , A. Lisowski , F. Serih , A. Poapolathep , N. Čudina , M. Giorgi","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106250","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the pharmacokinetics (PK) of imipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant used in human psychiatric disorders and increasingly considered in veterinary medicine. Despite its longstanding use in canines, prior research on imipramine's PK in dogs is lacking. This study aimed to determine the PK of imipramine in dogs in regards to feeding conditions, and to ascertain whether desipramine (active metabolite) is formed or not. In this study, six male Labrador dogs underwent oral administration (1.5 mg/kg) of imipramine tablets (10 mg each; Tofranil®, Novartis) in both fasted and fed conditions. Dogs were randomly allocated to one of two treatment groups, employing an open, single-dose, two-treatment, two-phase, cross-over design, with a washout period of one week. Blood was drawn from the left cephalic vein to heparinized tubes at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, and 48 h. Plasma concentrations were quantified using a validated HPLC method, and the data were analyzed using PKanalix™ software with a non-compartmental approach.</div><div>Concentrations of imipramine remained quantifiable up to 1.5 hr after administration under both conditions. Desipramine, in both feeding states, was detectable for a short duration, but not quantifiable. No significant differences were observed in the PK parameters of imipramine between the fasting and fed states. The rapid attainment of maximum concentration (C<sub>max</sub>) occurred within 0.25 h, indicating a swift absorption rate. Notably, the terminal half-life in dogs was remarkably short at 0.25 h, prompting a re-evaluation of dosing strategies. Considering the recommended therapeutic plasma concentrations in humans, the administered dose might result in effective levels for a brief period of time. Future research should explore intravenous administration, multiple-dose studies, and metabolic investigations to further elucidate imipramine's PK in dogs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142372998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effects of general anaesthesia on body temperature of dogs subjected to ovariohysterectomy or orchiectomy performed by veterinary students in a teaching hospital 在教学医院由兽医专业学生对接受卵巢切除术或睾丸切除术的狗进行全身麻醉对体温的影响。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary journal

Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106252

N. Wenham , L.C.P. Santos

Hypothermia during anaesthesia is a significant concern in veterinary practice, as it can lead to various complications, making it essential to understand the factors that contribute to temperature regulation in animals undergoing surgical procedures. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the change in body temperature over the course of anaesthesia in dogs undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy and orchiectomy, and determine the effect of gender, dose of premedication, weight, age and duration of anaesthesia of the change of body temperature over time. One-hundred and ten dogs (n=110) that underwent elective ovariohysterectomy (n=75) and orchiectomy (n=35) surgery performed by veterinary students at the University of Adelaide were enrolled in this study. Dogs’ anaesthesia records were evaluated for change in body temperature over the course of anaesthesia, and correlated with gender, two premedication doses of acepromazine (mg/kg), body weight (kg), age (months) and anaesthesia times (minutes). The analyses were performed at TPm (temperature at premedication), T0 (induction), T15, T30, T60, T90, T120 and TRec (recovery) minutes. Statistical analysis was performed using the GenStat software and included repeated measures analysis and ANOVA. Significance was considered when p < 0.05. The data showed a significant time-by-gender interaction with female dogs experienced a greater degree of heat loss than male dogs at T60 (p<0.01), T90 (p<0.01) and T120 (p<0.01). At recovery, female average temperature was higher than in males (p<0.01). There was no significant difference in body temperature when other covariates were used in the analysis. The core body temperature of female dogs decreased significantly over time compared to males, with the most pronounced differenced during the intraoperative period. However, the study’s retrospective nature and limited sample size may influence the generalizability of these findings.

麻醉期间体温过低是兽医工作中的一个重要问题，因为它会导致各种并发症，因此了解接受外科手术的动物体温调节因素至关重要。这项回顾性研究旨在评估接受选择性绝育和阉割手术的狗在麻醉过程中的体温变化，并确定性别、预用药剂量、体重、年龄和麻醉持续时间对体温随时间变化的影响。阿德莱德大学（University of Adelaide）的兽医专业学生对110只狗（n=110）进行了选择性卵巢切除术（n=75）和睾丸切除术（n=35），这些狗都参加了这项回顾性研究。研究人员评估了狗在麻醉过程中的体温变化记录，并将体温变化与性别、两种 ACP 预处理剂量（毫克/千克）、体重（千克）、年龄（月）和麻醉时间（分钟）相关联。分析是在 TPm（预处理时的温度）、T0（诱导）、T15、T30、T60、T90、T120 和 TRec（恢复）分钟时进行的。统计分析使用 GenStat 软件进行，包括重复测量分析和方差分析。当 p < 0.05 时，认为差异显著。数据显示，时间与性别之间存在明显的交互作用，在 T60 时，雌性狗比雄性狗感受到更大程度的冷却（p

{"title":"The effects of general anaesthesia on body temperature of dogs subjected to ovariohysterectomy or orchiectomy performed by veterinary students in a teaching hospital","authors":"N. Wenham , L.C.P. Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106252","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106252","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hypothermia during anaesthesia is a significant concern in veterinary practice, as it can lead to various complications, making it essential to understand the factors that contribute to temperature regulation in animals undergoing surgical procedures. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the change in body temperature over the course of anaesthesia in dogs undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy and orchiectomy, and determine the effect of gender, dose of premedication, weight, age and duration of anaesthesia of the change of body temperature over time. One-hundred and ten dogs (n=110) that underwent elective ovariohysterectomy (n=75) and orchiectomy (n=35) surgery performed by veterinary students at the University of Adelaide were enrolled in this study. Dogs’ anaesthesia records were evaluated for change in body temperature over the course of anaesthesia, and correlated with gender, two premedication doses of acepromazine (mg/kg), body weight (kg), age (months) and anaesthesia times (minutes). The analyses were performed at TPm (temperature at premedication), T0 (induction), T15, T30, T60, T90, T120 and TRec (recovery) minutes. Statistical analysis was performed using the GenStat software and included repeated measures analysis and ANOVA. Significance was considered when p < 0.05. The data showed a significant time-by-gender interaction with female dogs experienced a greater degree of heat loss than male dogs at T60 (p<0.01), T90 (p<0.01) and T120 (p<0.01). At recovery, female average temperature was higher than in males (p<0.01). There was no significant difference in body temperature when other covariates were used in the analysis. The core body temperature of female dogs decreased significantly over time compared to males, with the most pronounced differenced during the intraoperative period. However, the study’s retrospective nature and limited sample size may influence the generalizability of these findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142366713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Environmental factors of equine osteochondrosis and fetlock osteochondral fragments: A scoping review – Part 1 马骨软骨病和蹄骨软骨碎片的环境因素：范围综述 - 第一部分。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary journal

Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106249

B. Van Mol , M. Oosterlinck , S. Janssens , N. Buys , F. Pille

Various environmental and genetic risk factors are linked to the pathogenesis of equine osteochondrosis and osteochondral fragments in the fetlock joint. Therefore, a scoping review was conducted to describe current evidence linking genetic factors and environmental factors of these osteochondral disorders. This article constitutes the first part of this scoping review and focuses on environmental factors, with the second part addressing genetic factors. To identify potentially relevant papers online bibliographical databases PubMed and Web of Science were utilised, supplemented with articles listed on the OMIA website (OMIA:000750–9796). After entry collection, removing duplicates, screening titles, abstracts, and full-text documents for eligibility, and manually searching reference lists of the remaining articles, a total of 212 studies was identified for this scoping review. First, an overview of the current understanding of the etiopathogenesis of equine osteochondrosis and osteochondral fragments in the fetlock joint is given. Subsequently, the article delves into the environmental factors associated with the prevalence of these disorders, which are categorized into foetal programming, biomechanical trauma and exercise, growth, anatomic conformation, nutrition, weaning, hormonal factors, bacterial infection, sex, date of birth, and other environmental factors. In conclusion, future research should adopt a multidisciplinary approach, emphasizing longitudinal studies and precise phenotype definitions. This strategy will help elucidate the complex relationships between environmental factors and OC, DOF, and POF, considering the dynamic nature, varying phenotypes, and scarcity of research in some domains of these osteochondral disorders. This approach will be crucial in developing effective management strategies aimed at improving equine orthopaedic health.

各种环境和遗传风险因素都与马骨软骨病和跗关节骨软骨碎片的发病机制有关。因此，我们进行了一次范围界定综述，以描述当前将这些骨软骨疾病的遗传因素和环境因素联系起来的证据。本文是该范围界定综述的第一部分，主要讨论环境因素，第二部分讨论遗传因素。为了确定潜在的相关论文，我们利用了在线文献数据库 PubMed 和 Web of Science，并辅以 OMIA 网站（OMIA:000750-9796）上列出的文章。经过条目收集、删除重复文章、筛选标题、摘要和全文文件以确定是否符合条件，以及人工检索其余文章的参考文献目录，本次范围界定综述共确定了 212 项研究。首先，文章概述了目前对马跗关节骨软骨病和骨软骨碎片病因发病机制的理解。随后，文章深入探讨了与这些疾病的发病率相关的环境因素，这些因素可分为胎儿程序、生物力学创伤和运动、生长、解剖构造、营养、断奶、激素因素、细菌感染、性别、出生日期以及其他环境因素。总之，未来的研究应采用多学科方法，强调纵向研究和精确的表型定义。考虑到这些骨软骨疾病的动态性质、不同表型以及某些领域研究的稀缺性，这一策略将有助于阐明环境因素与 OC、DOF 和 POF 之间的复杂关系。这种方法对于制定有效的管理策略以改善马骨科健康至关重要。

{"title":"Environmental factors of equine osteochondrosis and fetlock osteochondral fragments: A scoping review – Part 1","authors":"B. Van Mol , M. Oosterlinck , S. Janssens , N. Buys , F. Pille","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Various environmental and genetic risk factors are linked to the pathogenesis of equine osteochondrosis and osteochondral fragments in the fetlock joint. Therefore, a scoping review was conducted to describe current evidence linking genetic factors and environmental factors of these osteochondral disorders. This article constitutes the first part of this scoping review and focuses on environmental factors, with the second part addressing genetic factors. To identify potentially relevant papers online bibliographical databases PubMed and Web of Science were utilised, supplemented with articles listed on the OMIA website (OMIA:000750–9796). After entry collection, removing duplicates, screening titles, abstracts, and full-text documents for eligibility, and manually searching reference lists of the remaining articles, a total of 212 studies was identified for this scoping review. First, an overview of the current understanding of the etiopathogenesis of equine osteochondrosis and osteochondral fragments in the fetlock joint is given. Subsequently, the article delves into the environmental factors associated with the prevalence of these disorders, which are categorized into foetal programming, biomechanical trauma and exercise, growth, anatomic conformation, nutrition, weaning, hormonal factors, bacterial infection, sex, date of birth, and other environmental factors. In conclusion, future research should adopt a multidisciplinary approach, emphasizing longitudinal studies and precise phenotype definitions. This strategy will help elucidate the complex relationships between environmental factors and OC, DOF, and POF, considering the dynamic nature, varying phenotypes, and scarcity of research in some domains of these osteochondral disorders. This approach will be crucial in developing effective management strategies aimed at improving equine orthopaedic health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142354767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of maternal bromoform supplementation in late gestation on blood parameters of cows and their progeny 妊娠晚期母体补充低剂量溴甲烷对奶牛及其后代血液参数的影响评估

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary journal

Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106248

M. Dasari , C.J. Keller , B.R. Costa Alves , K.M. Wenham , C.L. Trengove , S.J. Lee , W.S. Pitchford , N.W. Tomkins , M. Caetano

Bromoform supplementation has been successful in reducing enteric methanogenesis in ruminants; however, the impacts on the health of these animals are still limited. The current study evaluates the impact of maternal bromoform supplementation on the health of late-gestation cows and their progeny. Pregnant Angus cows (n = 42) were allocated into a control or bromoform group (n = 21 cows per treatment). Bromoform extracted from Asparagopsis armata (7,372 mg/kg) was supplemented once daily. Blood samples were collected from cows before supplementation (baseline). Within 24 h of parturition, blood and colostrum samples were collected from each cow and blood from neonates. Colostrum brix was measured to indicate immunoglobulin content. All data was analysed using the MIXED procedure in SAS.

Supplementation of cows with bromoform resulted in increased blood urea to creatinine ratio (P = 0.048), base excess (P = 0.049), total carbon dioxide (TCO₂; P = 0.048) and a decrease in blood glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH; P = 0.031) compared to the control group. For cows in the bromoform group, a trend was observed for higher levels of partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO₂; P = 0.070) and bicarbonate (HCO₃^-; P = 0.052), and lower levels of partial pressure of oxygen (pO₂; P = 0.058) compared to the control group. Blood gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) was elevated in offspring of cows fed bromoform (P = 0.050). The lower blood pO₂ of pregnant cows fed bromoform and elevated blood GGT levels in offspring are not well understood and highlight the need for further investigation. Additionally, the low-dose bromoform supplementation affected various blood gas parameters of cows and calves, demonstrating the importance of monitoring these parameters when using different doses of halogenated compounds in livestock.

补充溴甲烷可成功减少反刍动物的肠道甲烷生成，但对这些动物健康的影响仍然有限。本研究评估了母体补充低剂量溴甲烷对妊娠后期奶牛及其后代健康的影响。怀孕的安格斯奶牛（42 头）被分配到对照组或溴甲烷组（每组 21 头）。每天补充一次从 Asparagopsis taxiformis 中提取的溴甲烷（7.37 毫克/千克）。在添加前（基线）采集奶牛的血液样本。产后 24 小时内，采集每头奶牛的血液和初乳样本，并采集新生儿的血液样本。测量初乳糖度以显示免疫球蛋白含量。所有数据均使用 SAS 中的 MIXED 程序进行分析。与对照组相比，给奶牛补充溴甲烷会导致血液尿素与肌酐比值（P=0.048）、碱过量（P=0.049）、总二氧化碳（TCO2；P=0.048）升高，血液谷氨酸脱氢酶（GLDH；P=0.031）降低。与对照组相比，溴甲烷组奶牛的二氧化碳分压（pCO2；P > 0.05）和碳酸氢盐（HCO3-；P = 0.052）水平呈上升趋势，而氧分压（pO2；P = 0.058）水平较低。饲喂溴甲烷的奶牛后代血液中的γ-谷氨酰转移酶（GGT）升高（P = 0.050）。饲喂溴甲烷的妊娠母牛血液中 pO2 值较低，而后代血液中 GGT 水平升高，这一点尚未得到很好的理解，因此需要进一步研究。此外，低剂量补充溴甲烷会影响奶牛和犊牛的各种血气参数，这表明在牲畜中使用不同剂量的卤代化合物时监测这些参数的重要性。

{"title":"Evaluation of maternal bromoform supplementation in late gestation on blood parameters of cows and their progeny","authors":"M. Dasari , C.J. Keller , B.R. Costa Alves , K.M. Wenham , C.L. Trengove , S.J. Lee , W.S. Pitchford , N.W. Tomkins , M. Caetano","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106248","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106248","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bromoform supplementation has been successful in reducing enteric methanogenesis in ruminants; however, the impacts on the health of these animals are still limited. The current study evaluates the impact of maternal bromoform supplementation on the health of late-gestation cows and their progeny. Pregnant Angus cows (<em>n</em> = 42) were allocated into a control or bromoform group (<em>n</em> = 21 cows per treatment). Bromoform extracted from <em>Asparagopsis armata</em> (7,372 mg/kg) was supplemented once daily. Blood samples were collected from cows before supplementation (baseline). Within 24 h of parturition, blood and colostrum samples were collected from each cow and blood from neonates. Colostrum brix was measured to indicate immunoglobulin content. All data was analysed using the MIXED procedure in SAS.</div><div>Supplementation of cows with bromoform resulted in increased blood urea to creatinine ratio (<em>P</em> = 0.048), base excess (<em>P</em> = 0.049), total carbon dioxide (TCO<sub>2</sub>; <em>P</em> = 0.048) and a decrease in blood glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH; <em>P</em> = 0.031) compared to the control group. For cows in the bromoform group, a trend was observed for higher levels of partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO<sub>2</sub>; <em>P</em> = 0.070) and bicarbonate (HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>; <em>P</em> = 0.052), and lower levels of partial pressure of oxygen (pO<sub>2</sub>; <em>P</em> = 0.058) compared to the control group. Blood gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) was elevated in offspring of cows fed bromoform (<em>P</em> = 0.050). The lower blood pO<sub>2</sub> of pregnant cows fed bromoform and elevated blood GGT levels in offspring are not well understood and highlight the need for further investigation. Additionally, the low-dose bromoform supplementation affected various blood gas parameters of cows and calves, demonstrating the importance of monitoring these parameters when using different doses of halogenated compounds in livestock.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142354768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pharmacokinetics and tissue residues of colistin following intravenous, and single and repeated oral dosing in domestic geese (Anser anser domesticus) 家鹅（anser anser domesticus）静脉注射、单次口服和重复口服可乐定后的药代动力学和组织残留。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary journal

Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106245

Krzysztof Bourdo , Charbel Fadel , Mario Giorgi , Anna Gajda , Magdalena Bilecka , Amnart Poapolathep , Beata Łebkowska-Wieruszewska

Colistin, also known as polymyxin E, is a member of the polymyxin group of antibiotics. It is approved in Europe to treat enteric infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, in poultry, although the similarity of infections between species make it likely used off-label in geese as well.This study investigated the pharmacokinetics and tissue residues of colistin in geese through in vivo experiments. The study involved longitudinal open studies on 16 healthy adult male geese, divided into three phases separated by one-month washout period. Geese were administered colistin via intravenous (IV, 1 mg/kg), single oral (PO, 30 mg/kg), and multiple oral (SID, 2.5 mg/kg for five consecutive days) routes, with blood samples drawn at specific intervals. Tissue samples were also collected at pre-assigned times for subsequent analysis. Colistin levels in geese plasma were quantified using a fully validated UHPLC-MS/MS method.

Plasma concentrations could be quantified up to 24 h for the single PO (n= 2) and IV (n= 4) routes, and up to 10 h (n= 6) from the last dose administered for the multiple PO route (n=6). The bioavailability was significantly low, averaging 3 %. The terminal half-life in geese was 2.18 h following IV administration, similar to values found in other avian species. Following IV administration, clearance and volume of distribution values were 0.11 mL⋅h⁻¹⋅g⁻¹ and 0.41 mL⋅g⁻¹, respectively. The body extraction ratio was low at 0.2 %, indicating minimal hepatic and renal elimination of colistin. Multiple oral doses showed no plasma accumulation, and tissue levels consistently remained below the maximum residue limit (MRL) set for food-producing animals. This study highlights the minimal systemic bioavailability and tissue penetration of colistin in geese, consistent with findings in other poultry and mammals. Future research should focus on intestinal colistin content in geese to optimize dosing strategies and minimize anti-microbial resistance.

秋水仙素又称多粘菌素 E，是多粘菌素类抗生素的一种。本研究通过体内实验研究了可乐定在鹅体内的药代动力学和组织残留。该研究对 16 只健康的成年雄鹅进行了纵向开放式研究，分为三个阶段，中间间隔一个月的清洗期。鹅通过静脉注射（IV，1 毫克/千克）、单次口服（PO，30 毫克/千克）和多次口服（SID，2.5 毫克/千克，连续五天）途径服用可乐定，并在特定时间间隔抽取血液样本。此外，还在预先指定的时间采集组织样本进行后续分析。使用经过全面验证的 UHPLC-MS/MS 方法对鹅血浆中的可乐定水平进行定量。单次口服（2 只）和静脉注射（4 只）的血浆浓度可在 24 小时内定量，多次口服（6 只）的血浆浓度可在最后一次给药后 10 小时内定量。生物利用率明显偏低，平均为 3%。鹅静脉注射后的终末半衰期为 2.18 小时，与其他禽类物种的半衰期相似。静脉注射后，清除率和分布容积值分别为 0.11mL⋅hr-¹⋅g-¹ 和 0.41mL-g-¹。体内萃取率低至 0.2%，表明肝脏和肾脏对可乐定的清除率极低。多次口服表明血浆中没有积累，组织中的含量始终低于为食用动物设定的最大残留限量（MRL）。本研究强调了大肠杆菌素在鹅体内的最小全身生物利用度和组织渗透性，这与其他家禽和哺乳动物的研究结果一致。未来的研究应重点关注鹅肠道中的可乐定含量，以优化给药策略，最大限度地降低抗微生物耐药性。

{"title":"Pharmacokinetics and tissue residues of colistin following intravenous, and single and repeated oral dosing in domestic geese (Anser anser domesticus)","authors":"Krzysztof Bourdo , Charbel Fadel , Mario Giorgi , Anna Gajda , Magdalena Bilecka , Amnart Poapolathep , Beata Łebkowska-Wieruszewska","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106245","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106245","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Colistin, also known as polymyxin E, is a member of the polymyxin group of antibiotics. It is approved in Europe to treat enteric infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria, such as <em>Escherichia coli,</em> in poultry, although the similarity of infections between species make it likely used off-label in geese as well.This study investigated the pharmacokinetics and tissue residues of colistin in geese through <em>in vivo</em> experiments. The study involved longitudinal open studies on 16 healthy adult male geese, divided into three phases separated by one-month washout period. Geese were administered colistin via intravenous (IV, 1 mg/kg), single oral (PO, 30 mg/kg), and multiple oral (SID, 2.5 mg/kg for five consecutive days) routes, with blood samples drawn at specific intervals. Tissue samples were also collected at pre-assigned times for subsequent analysis. Colistin levels in geese plasma were quantified using a fully validated UHPLC-MS/MS method.</div><div>Plasma concentrations could be quantified up to 24 h for the single PO (n= 2) and IV (n= 4) routes, and up to 10 h (n= 6) from the last dose administered for the multiple PO route (n=6). The bioavailability was significantly low, averaging 3 %. The terminal half-life in geese was 2.18 h following IV administration, similar to values found in other avian species. Following IV administration, clearance and volume of distribution values were 0.11 mL⋅h⁻¹⋅g⁻¹ and 0.41 mL⋅g⁻¹, respectively. The body extraction ratio was low at 0.2 %, indicating minimal hepatic and renal elimination of colistin. Multiple oral doses showed no plasma accumulation, and tissue levels consistently remained below the maximum residue limit (MRL) set for food-producing animals. This study highlights the minimal systemic bioavailability and tissue penetration of colistin in geese, consistent with findings in other poultry and mammals. Future research should focus on intestinal colistin content in geese to optimize dosing strategies and minimize anti-microbial resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1090023324001849/pdfft?md5=6bb1cf743b0c93a273e3074699585960&pid=1-s2.0-S1090023324001849-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142296537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dose titration of intravenously administered gamma-hydroxybutyric acid for sedation in Holstein-Friesian calves 静脉注射γ-羟丁酸镇静荷斯坦-弗里斯兰犊牛的剂量滴定法

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary journal

Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106246

C. Cuypers , B. Alonso , M. Devreese , S. Schauvliege

Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) is a short-chain fatty acid that can potentially provide safe, prolonged sedation with minimal cardiorespiratory effects. This preliminary trial, performed in 10 three-week-old male Holstein-Friesian calves, investigated the effects of GHB administered intravenously over 5 min at a dose of 100 (G100, n=2), 150 (G150, n=4) or 200 mg/kg (G200, n=4). Once lateral recumbency was achieved, scores for sedation depth (range: 0 = no sedation to 3 = marked) and response to noxious stimulation (range: 0 = strong to 3 = absent), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and arterial blood gases were monitored every 15 min until sternal recumbency. Times from end of administration to lateral recumbency and return to sternal/standing positions were recorded. Dose G100 resulted in mild sedation and ataxia without decubitus. Doses G150 and G200 respectively resulted in time to lateral recumbency 8 ± 2 and 9 ± 3 min, lasting 189 ± 41 and 283 ± 29 min, while overall median (range) scores for sedation were 3 (1−3) and 3 (2−3) respectively and response to noxious stimulation 0 (0−3) and 0 (0−3) respectively. The mean ± SD for HR was 110 ± 10 and 106 ± 11 bpm respectively; for MAP 87±9 and 94±5 mmHg respectively; and for RR 28 ± 5 and 26 ± 5 bpm respectively. The mean ± SD for arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) at these two dose rates was 74 ± 6 and 74 ± 2 mmHg respectively, while the arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide oxygen (PaCO₂) was 53 ± 3 and 47 ± 0.8 mmHg respectively. Based on these preliminary results we conclude that GHB has the potential to be used as a long-acting sedative in calves. Further studies are needed to confirm this.

γ-羟丁酸（GHB）是一种短链脂肪酸，可提供安全、持久的镇静效果，对心肺功能的影响极小。这项初步试验以 10 头三周大的荷斯坦-弗里斯兰雄性小牛为对象，研究了 5 分钟内静脉注射 GHB 的效果，剂量分别为 100 毫克/千克（G100，2 头）、150 毫克/千克（G150，4 头）或 200 毫克/千克（G200，4 头）。实现侧卧后，每隔 15 分钟监测镇静深度（范围：0 = 无镇静到 3 = 明显镇静）和对有害刺激的反应（范围：0 = 强烈到 3 = 无反应）、心率（HR）、呼吸频率（RR）、平均动脉压（MAP）和动脉血气的评分，直至胸骨复位。记录从给药结束到侧卧位和恢复胸骨位/站立位的时间。剂量 G100 可导致轻度镇静和共济失调，但无褥疮。剂量 G150 和 G200 分别导致侧卧时间为 8 ± 2 分钟和 9 ± 3 分钟，持续时间分别为 189 ± 41 分钟和 283 ± 29 分钟，镇静的总体中位数（范围）分别为 3（1-3）分和 3（2-3）分，对有害刺激的反应分别为 0（0-3）分和 0（0-3）分。心率（HR）的平均值（±SD）分别为 110 ± 10 和 106 ± 11 bpm；血压（MAP）分别为 87 ± 9 和 94 ± 5 mmHg；心率（RR）分别为 28 ± 5 和 26 ± 5 bpm。在这两个剂量率下，动脉血氧分压（PaO2）的平均值（±SD）分别为 74 ± 6 和 74 ± 2 mmHg，而动脉血二氧化碳氧分压（PaCO2）分别为 53 ± 3 和 47 ± 0.8 mmHg。根据这些初步结果，我们得出结论：GHB 有可能用作小牛的长效镇静剂。还需要进一步的研究来证实这一点。

{"title":"Dose titration of intravenously administered gamma-hydroxybutyric acid for sedation in Holstein-Friesian calves","authors":"C. Cuypers , B. Alonso , M. Devreese , S. Schauvliege","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106246","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106246","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) is a short-chain fatty acid that can potentially provide safe, prolonged sedation with minimal cardiorespiratory effects. This preliminary trial, performed in 10 three-week-old male Holstein-Friesian calves, investigated the effects of GHB administered intravenously over 5 min at a dose of 100 (G100, <em>n</em>=2), 150 (G150, <em>n</em>=4) or 200 mg/kg (G200, <em>n</em>=4). Once lateral recumbency was achieved, scores for sedation depth (range: 0 = no sedation to 3 = marked) and response to noxious stimulation (range: 0 = strong to 3 = absent), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and arterial blood gases were monitored every 15 min until sternal recumbency. Times from end of administration to lateral recumbency and return to sternal/standing positions were recorded. Dose G100 resulted in mild sedation and ataxia without decubitus. Doses G150 and G200 respectively resulted in time to lateral recumbency 8 ± 2 and 9 ± 3 min, lasting 189 ± 41 and 283 ± 29 min, while overall median (range) scores for sedation were 3 (1−3) and 3 (2−3) respectively and response to noxious stimulation 0 (0−3) and 0 (0−3) respectively. The mean ± SD for HR was 110 ± 10 and 106 ± 11 bpm respectively; for MAP 87±9 and 94±5 mmHg respectively; and for RR 28 ± 5 and 26 ± 5 bpm respectively. The mean ± SD for arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) at these two dose rates was 74 ± 6 and 74 ± 2 mmHg respectively, while the arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide oxygen (PaCO<sub>2</sub>) was 53 ± 3 and 47 ± 0.8 mmHg respectively. Based on these preliminary results we conclude that GHB has the potential to be used as a long-acting sedative in calves. Further studies are needed to confirm this.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142232553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Extracellular vesicles in kidney disease – A veterinary perspective 肾病中的细胞外囊泡--兽医视角。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary journal

Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106247

Jack S. Lawson , Timothy L. Williams

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane bound vesicles secreted from cells into the extracellular space which have an emerging role in both normal kidney physiology and the pathophysiology of kidney injury, predominantly as mediators of intercellular communication. EVs contain proteins and RNA cargo which reflect their cell of origin and can be isolated from the urine of cats and dogs. The majority of urinary EVs (uEVs) originate from the kidney, and both the uEV proteome and transcriptome have been investigated as sources of biomarkers of kidney disease. In addition to their possible diagnostic role, EVs may also have therapeutic potential, and veterinary species have been used as models to demonstrate the efficacy of exogenous EVs derived from mesenchymal stromal cells in the treatment of acute kidney injury. Furthermore, bioengineered EVs may represent a novel vehicle for the administration of drugs or therapeutic nucleic acids in kidney disease. This article reviews the biological functions of EVs within the kidney, techniques for their isolation, and their potential use as biomarkers and therapeutic agents, with particular focus on the potential significance to veterinary patients.

细胞外囊泡（EVs）是细胞分泌到细胞外空间的膜结合囊泡，在正常肾脏生理和肾脏损伤的病理生理学中都扮演着新的角色，主要是作为细胞间通信的媒介。EVs含有蛋白质和RNA，反映了它们的来源细胞，可以从猫和狗的尿液中分离出来。大多数尿液 EVs（uEVs）来自肾脏，uEV 蛋白质组和转录组已被研究为肾脏疾病的生物标志物来源。除了可能的诊断作用外，EVs 还可能具有治疗潜力，兽类已被用作模型来证明源自间充质基质细胞的外源性 EVs 在治疗急性肾损伤方面的疗效。此外，生物工程EVs可能是在肾脏疾病中施用药物或治疗性核酸的新型载体。本文综述了EVs在肾脏中的生物功能、EVs分离技术及其作为生物标记物和治疗剂的潜在用途，并特别关注其对兽医患者的潜在意义。

{"title":"Extracellular vesicles in kidney disease – A veterinary perspective","authors":"Jack S. Lawson , Timothy L. Williams","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106247","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106247","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane bound vesicles secreted from cells into the extracellular space which have an emerging role in both normal kidney physiology and the pathophysiology of kidney injury, predominantly as mediators of intercellular communication. EVs contain proteins and RNA cargo which reflect their cell of origin and can be isolated from the urine of cats and dogs. The majority of urinary EVs (uEVs) originate from the kidney, and both the uEV proteome and transcriptome have been investigated as sources of biomarkers of kidney disease. In addition to their possible diagnostic role, EVs may also have therapeutic potential, and veterinary species have been used as models to demonstrate the efficacy of exogenous EVs derived from mesenchymal stromal cells in the treatment of acute kidney injury. Furthermore, bioengineered EVs may represent a novel vehicle for the administration of drugs or therapeutic nucleic acids in kidney disease. This article reviews the biological functions of EVs within the kidney, techniques for their isolation, and their potential use as biomarkers and therapeutic agents, with particular focus on the potential significance to veterinary patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1090023324001862/pdfft?md5=e94c4ce82bdba93d2e93aba0e67e774b&pid=1-s2.0-S1090023324001862-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142296536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Salmonella pathogenesis-based In-silico design and immunoinformatic analysis of multi-epitope vaccine constructs in broiler veterinary medicine 基于沙门氏菌致病机理的肉鸡兽医多表位疫苗构建体的 In-silico 设计和免疫形式分析

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary journal

Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106240

Yuliana I. Mora-Ochoa, Lenin J. Ramirez-Cando

Salmonellosis, a zoonotic gastrointestinal disease, presents a significant global health burden with a high incidence rate. Transmission primarily occurs through the consumption of contaminated poultry products, although water and contact with asymptomatic animals are also vectors. The disease’s pervasiveness has prompted international health organizations to advocate for robust prevention and control strategies. This study focuses on the in-silico design of a multi-epitope vaccine targeting Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium’s fimH protein, a fimbriae component crucial for bacterial adhesion and pathogenicity. The vaccine construct was developed by identifying and synthesizing non-allergenic, antigenic, and non-toxic epitopes for both Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes and Helper T Lymphocytes. Adjuvants were incorporated to enhance immunogenicity, and the vaccine’s structure was modeled using advanced bioinformatics tools. The proposed vaccine demonstrated promising antigenicity and immunogenicity profiles, with a favorable physical-chemical property analysis. The vaccine’s structures, designed by computational analysis, suggests high likelihood to native protein configurations. Antigenicity and allergenicity assessments validate the vaccine’s immunogenic potential and hypoallergenic nature. Physicochemical evaluations indicate favorable stability and solubility profiles, essential for vaccine efficacy. This comprehensive approach to vaccine design expressed in Chlorella vulgaris holds promises for effective salmonellosis control. The multi-epitope vaccine, designed through meticulous in-silico methods, emerges as a promising candidate for controlling salmonellosis. Its strategic construction based on the fimH protein epitopes offers a targeted approach to elicit a robust immune response, potentially curbing the spread of this disease in poultry.

沙门氏菌病是一种人畜共患的胃肠道疾病，发病率高，给全球健康带来沉重负担。沙门氏菌病主要通过食用受污染的禽类产品传播，但水和与无症状动物的接触也是传播媒介。这种疾病的普遍性促使国际卫生组织倡导采取有力的预防和控制策略。本研究的重点是针对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的 fimH 蛋白（一种对细菌粘附性和致病性至关重要的缘膜成分），在实验室内设计一种多表位疫苗。疫苗构建物是通过识别和合成针对细胞毒性 T 淋巴细胞和辅助性 T 淋巴细胞的非过敏性、抗原性和无毒性表位而开发的。疫苗中加入了佐剂以增强免疫原性，并使用先进的生物信息学工具对疫苗结构进行了建模。拟议的疫苗表现出良好的抗原性和免疫原性特征，并具有良好的物理化学性质分析。通过计算分析设计的疫苗结构与原生蛋白构型相似度很高。抗原性和过敏性评估验证了疫苗的免疫原性和低过敏性。理化评估表明，疫苗具有良好的稳定性和可溶性，这对疫苗的功效至关重要。这种在小球藻中表达的综合疫苗设计方法有望有效控制沙门氏菌病。通过缜密的内模拟方法设计出的多表位疫苗是控制沙门氏菌病的理想候选疫苗。它基于 fimH 蛋白表位的策略性结构提供了一种有针对性的方法，可引起强有力的免疫反应，从而有可能遏制这种疾病在家禽中的传播。

{"title":"Salmonella pathogenesis-based In-silico design and immunoinformatic analysis of multi-epitope vaccine constructs in broiler veterinary medicine","authors":"Yuliana I. Mora-Ochoa, Lenin J. Ramirez-Cando","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Salmonellosis, a zoonotic gastrointestinal disease, presents a significant global health burden with a high incidence rate. Transmission primarily occurs through the consumption of contaminated poultry products, although water and contact with asymptomatic animals are also vectors. The disease’s pervasiveness has prompted international health organizations to advocate for robust prevention and control strategies. This study focuses on the <em>in-silico</em> design of a multi-epitope vaccine targeting Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium’s fimH protein, a fimbriae component crucial for bacterial adhesion and pathogenicity. The vaccine construct was developed by identifying and synthesizing non-allergenic, antigenic, and non-toxic epitopes for both Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes and Helper T Lymphocytes. Adjuvants were incorporated to enhance immunogenicity, and the vaccine’s structure was modeled using advanced bioinformatics tools. The proposed vaccine demonstrated promising antigenicity and immunogenicity profiles, with a favorable physical-chemical property analysis. The vaccine’s structures, designed by computational analysis, suggests high likelihood to native protein configurations. Antigenicity and allergenicity assessments validate the vaccine’s immunogenic potential and hypoallergenic nature. Physicochemical evaluations indicate favorable stability and solubility profiles, essential for vaccine efficacy. This comprehensive approach to vaccine design expressed in <em>Chlorella vulgaris</em> holds promises for effective salmonellosis control. The multi-epitope vaccine, designed through meticulous <em>in-silico</em> methods, emerges as a promising candidate for controlling salmonellosis. Its strategic construction based on the fimH protein epitopes offers a targeted approach to elicit a robust immune response, potentially curbing the spread of this disease in poultry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0