Veterinary journal最新文献_第2页

Use of respiratory signal analysis to assess severity of Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS) in dogs 利用呼吸信号分析评估犬类 "脑性气道阻塞综合征"（BOAS）的严重程度。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary journal

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106261

M. Dimopoulou , H. Peterson , O. Stensöta , M. Karlsteen , I. Ljungvall , J. Rydén , E. Skiöldebrand

Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS) is a potentially life-threatening condition that can be challenging to diagnose and grade objectively. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of respiratory signal analysis to assess severity of BOAS in dogs. Hundred and seventeen client-owned dogs of brachycephalic and non-brachycephalic breeds were enrolled. Respiratory sounds were recorded using an electronic stethoscope before and after a 3-minute exercise test (ET). Dogs were assigned a BOAS severity grade (BOAS 0–3) using a validated respiratory functional grading scheme. Signal analysis techniques were used to identify seven sound variables. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to investigate associations between variables and BOAS severity and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to assess the diagnostic efficacy of each sound variable. For each sound variable, there was a significant association with BOAS grade. An increase in BOAS grade resulted in greater sound magnitude in the frequency spectrum (0–1000 Hz), and in a greater contribution of lower frequencies (170–260 Hz). The variable “Peak 1” had the best performance in predicting BOAS negative (BOAS 0 +1) versus BOAS positive dogs (BOAS 2 + 3) before the ET; area under the curve (AUC) = 76.6 % (95 % confidence interval 67.4–85.8 %), whereas the variable “Valley 1” had the highest predictive value after the ET; AUC = 87.8 % (95 % confidence interval 81.4–94.3 %). Respiratory signal analysis has good potential for assessing BOAS severity and could be valuable for clinicians in clinical decision processes and for breeders when selecting suitable breeding dogs.

脑性气道阻塞综合征（BOAS）是一种可能危及生命的疾病，客观诊断和分级具有一定难度。本研究的目的是探讨如何利用呼吸信号分析来评估犬类呼吸道阻塞综合征的严重程度。研究人员招募了 177 只客户饲养的肱头犬和非肱头犬。在进行 3 分钟运动测试 (ET) 前后使用电子听诊器记录呼吸音。采用经过验证的呼吸功能分级方案对犬只进行 BOAS 严重程度分级（BOAS 0-3）。信号分析技术用于确定七个声音变量。方差分析 (ANOVA) 用于研究变量与 BOAS 严重程度之间的关联，接收器操作特征曲线 (ROC) 用于评估每个声音变量的诊断效果。每个声音变量都与 BOAS 分级有显著的关联。BOAS 分级的提高导致频谱（0-1000Hz）中的声音幅度增大，低频（170-260Hz）的贡献率增大。在 ET 之前，"峰值 1 "变量在预测 BOAS 阴性犬（BOAS 0 +1）和 BOAS 阳性犬（BOAS 2 +3）方面表现最佳；曲线下面积 (AUC) = 76.6%（95% 置信区间为 67.4 - 85.8%），而在 ET 之后，"谷值 1 "变量的预测价值最高；AUC = 87.8%（95% 置信区间为 81.4 - 94.3%）。呼吸信号分析在评估 BOAS 严重程度方面具有良好的潜力，对临床医生的临床决策过程和繁殖者选择合适的繁殖犬都很有价值。

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引用次数: 0

Metabolic profile of prepartum dairy cows and its influence on the immediate postpartum period, colostrum quality and passive immunity transference 产前奶牛的代谢特征及其对产后初期、初乳质量和被动免疫转移的影响

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary journal

Pub Date : 2024-10-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106260

D.A.C. Hoffmann , M. Furtado , L.F. Bragança , G. de M. Araujo , F. Moreira , V.R. Rabassa , J.O. Feijó , M.N. Corrêa , V. Peripolli , E. Schwegler

The objective of this study was to evaluate which biochemical markers in the prepartum period of dairy cows influence the immediate postpartum period, the quality of colostrum, and the passive immunity transference in the calves. The experiment was performed on a commercial dairy farm with 52 pregnant multiparous Holstein cows. Animals that gave birth to twins or males were discarded from the experiment. On days −20 of the expected calving date and 24 hours after calving, blood collections, body condition score assessments, and animals weighing were performed. Blood samples from calves were performed 24 hours after colostrum intake. Calf plasma was used to estimate the passive immunity transfer by % brix and total plasma proteins (TPP). In the principal component analysis, it was shown that postpartum NEFA and BHBA was higher in cows with higher prepartum urinary pH and Ca lower prepartum. The cows with the highest NEFA and BHBA in pre and postpartum were the ones that had the lowest % brix in the colostrum. The % brix of the cow’s colostrum directly influenced the % brix and TPP of the calves. The NEFA in the cows prepartum negatively influenced the markers of immunity, the higher the NEFA, the lower the % brix of the cows’ colostrum, % brix of the calves, and TPP. In multivariate regression analyses it was shown that pre-calving NEFA was the marker that most influenced post-calving cow markers and calf % brix, along with colostrum time and % brix of the colostrum (P= 0.0092; r²= 0.83). Cows with higher values NEFA in the prepartum had lower calcemic in the immediate postpartum period. Prepartum NEFA was the marker that most influenced the cows’ immediate postpartum period, being directly related to Ca serum, and also to the passive immunity transference.

本研究的目的是评估奶牛产前的生化指标对产后初期、初乳质量和犊牛被动免疫转移的影响。实验在一家商业奶牛场进行，共有 52 头怀孕的多胎荷斯坦奶牛参加。产下双胞胎或雄性奶牛的动物被排除在实验之外。在预产期的第 20 天和产后 24 小时，对犊牛进行采血、体况评分评估和称重。犊牛吃初乳 24 小时后进行血液采样。犊牛血浆用于通过白利糖度（% brix）和总血浆蛋白（TPP）估算被动免疫转移。主成分分析表明，产前尿pH值较高和产前尿Ca值较低的奶牛产后NEFA和BHBA较高。产前和产后NEFA和BHBA最高的奶牛，其初乳中的白利糖度也最低。奶牛初乳的白利糖度直接影响犊牛的白利糖度和TPP。奶牛产前的NEFA对免疫指标有负面影响，NEFA越高，奶牛初乳的乳糖率、犊牛的乳糖率和TPP越低。多变量回归分析表明，产犊前的NEFA是对产犊后奶牛指标和犊牛乳脂率影响最大的指标，此外还有初乳时间和初乳乳脂率（P= 0.0092；r2= 0.83）。产前 NEFA 值较高的奶牛产后血钙较低。产前 NEFA 是对奶牛产后即刻血钙影响最大的指标，与血清钙直接相关，也与被动免疫转移有关。

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引用次数: 0

A first step towards objective grading of equine laryngeal function 马喉功能客观分级的第一步。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary journal

Pub Date : 2024-10-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106259

Josephine Hardwick , Benjamin Ahern , Samantha Franklin

Due to concerns about disagreement between veterinarians when grading resting laryngeal function (LF), a diagnostic decision tree (DDT) has been developed by codifying the Havemeyer grading system and objectively defining certain terms to remove ambiguity. Videoendoscopic examinations of the equine larynx that had previously been assigned a unanimous LF grade by 3 experienced observers were used to develop the DDT and determine the cut-off values.

The DDT is a flow chart consisting of a series of dichotomous (yes/no) decisions, to dictate the order of decision making and direct the observer down a pathway towards the most appropriate LF grade. To use the DDT, the observer must know the frame rate of the video and use frame-by-frame video playback when reviewing the videos. The first decision involves determining if full left arytenoid cartilage (LAC) abduction is achieved (≤ grade III.1), or not achieved (> grade III.1). Maintained full LAC abduction (≤ grade II.2) is defined as maintenance of full abduction for ≥ 0.2 seconds. Full LAC abduction that is achieved but not maintained (grade III.1) is defined as maintenance of full abduction for < 0.2 seconds. Arytenoid abductor deficit is categorized into left arytenoid abduction ≥45° from vertical midline (grade III.2) and <45° abduction (grade III.3). The DDT could be used as a first step towards computer assisted laryngeal function grading.

由于兽医在对静息喉功能（LF）进行分级时存在分歧，因此我们开发了一种诊断决策树（DDT），将哈夫迈耶分级系统编成法典，并对某些术语进行客观定义，以消除歧义。在开发 DDT 和确定临界值时，使用了之前由 3 名经验丰富的观察者一致评定为 LF 等级的马喉视频内窥镜检查。DDT 是由一系列二分法（是/否）决策组成的流程图，用于规定决策的顺序，并引导观察者选择最合适的 LF 等级。要使用 DDT，观察者必须知道视频的帧频，并在审查视频时使用逐帧视频回放。首先要确定左侧杓状软骨（LAC）是否完全外展（≤ III.1级）或未完全外展（> III.1级）。维持左杓状软骨完全内收（≤ II.2级）的定义是维持完全内收≥0.2秒。达到但不能维持完全外展（III.1 级）是指维持完全外展的时间< 0.2 秒。杓状肌内收功能缺损分为左杓状肌内收距离垂直中线≥45°（III.2 级）和左杓状肌内收距离垂直中线≥45°（III.3 级）。

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引用次数: 0

Genetic factors of equine osteochondrosis and fetlock osteochondral fragments: A scoping review - Part 2 马骨软骨病和蹄骨软骨碎片的遗传因素：范围综述 - 第二部分。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary journal

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106258

B. Van Mol , S. Janssens , M. Oosterlinck , F. Pille , N. Buys

Equine osteochondrosis and osteochondral fragments in the fetlock joint are linked to various environmental and genetic risk factors. To assess the scope of the literature linking these risk factors to the development of these osteochondral disorders, while identifying knowledge gaps and challenges to guide future research, a scoping review was performed. This article constitutes the second part of this scoping review and focuses on genetic factors, with the first part addressing environmental factors. To identify potentially relevant papers, online bibliographical databases PubMed and Web of Science were utilised, supplemented with articles listed on the OMIA website (OMIA:000750–9796). After collecting entries, removing duplicates, screening titles, abstracts, and full-text documents for eligibility, and manually searching reference lists of the remaining articles, a total of 212 studies were identified for this scoping review. First, a brief overview of the etiopathogenesis of equine osteochondrosis and osteochondral fragments in the fetlock joint is provided. Subsequently, this article delves into the genetic aspects by presenting an overview of significantly associated quantitative trait loci and potential candidate genes. Next, the challenges in both phenotypic and genomic selection against these osteochondral disorders are discussed, with a focus on the difficulties in phenotyping, the establishment of large and representative reference populations, publication bias, lesion-specific heritabilities, and studbook policies. In conclusion, while there is considerable potential to implement preventive measures that can alleviate the economic burden and enhance animal welfare, further research is necessary. This research should utilize precise and standardized phenotype definitions applied across studies with preferably larger populations.

马骨软骨病和跗关节骨软骨碎片与各种环境和遗传风险因素有关。为了评估将这些风险因素与这些骨软骨疾病的发生联系起来的文献范围，同时确定知识差距和挑战，以指导未来的研究，我们进行了一次范围界定综述。本文是该范围界定综述的第二部分，重点讨论遗传因素，第一部分讨论环境因素。为了确定潜在的相关论文，我们使用了在线文献数据库 PubMed 和 Web of Science，并辅以 OMIA 网站（OMIA:000750-9796）上列出的文章。在收集条目、删除重复条目、筛选标题、摘要和全文文件以确定是否符合条件，以及人工检索其余文章的参考文献列表后，本范围综述共确定了 212 项研究。首先，本文简要概述了马跗关节骨软骨病和骨软骨碎片的发病机制。随后，本文深入探讨了遗传学方面的问题，概述了明显相关的数量性状位点和潜在候选基因。接下来，文章讨论了针对这些骨软骨疾病进行表型和基因组选择所面临的挑战，重点是表型的困难、建立大型代表性参考群体、发表偏差、病变特异性遗传力以及种马手册政策。总之，尽管实施预防措施以减轻经济负担和提高动物福利的潜力巨大，但仍有必要开展进一步的研究。这项研究应采用精确和标准化的表型定义，并应用于不同的研究，最好能有更大的群体。

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引用次数: 0

Does cranial cruciate ligament repair by tibial plateau leveling osteotomy surgery restore dog’s natural kinematics? – A case series 通过胫骨平台平整截骨手术修复颅交叉韧带是否能恢复狗的自然运动学？- 病例系列。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary journal

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106257

Paul G. Arauz , Patricio Chiriboga , Verónica Garcés , Gabriela Garcia , Imin Kao

Tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) serves as an effective method of functional stabilization for treating cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) deficiency. It is not clear if TPLO could restore the natural kinematics of the stifle, hip, and tarsal joints of the affected limb during walking. The hind limb motion between TPLO cases and control groups in eight adult dogs (4 French Bulldogs and 4 Pit Bull Terrier) was recorded by a motion capture system. Three-dimensional (3D) angular motions of the hip, stifle, and tarsal joints—including flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, and rotations—were computed and compared. Significant differences in joint kinematics were observed between TPLO cases and controls. In Case 1, the TPLO case in the French Bulldog showed differences in hip, stifle, and tarsal flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, and internal-external rotation. Asymmetries between affected and unaffected limbs were also detected in hip and stifle motions (up to 43° in some cases). Similar patterns of differences were found in Pit Bull Terriers Case 2 and Case 3, with significant variations in hip, stifle, and tarsal movements. Case 3 did not show hip asymmetries, but notable stifle and tarsal asymmetries were observed. The general daily activity performance for French Bulldogs and Pit Bull Terriers that underwent TPLO procedures was positive. The general daily restricted activity performance for the French Bulldog and Pit Bull Terriers that underwent TPLO procedures was positive. Our findings suggested that natural hind limb kinematics during gait was not restored in TPLO hind limb cases in both breeds.

胫骨平台平整截骨术（TPLO）是治疗头颅十字韧带（CrCL）缺损的有效功能稳定方法。目前尚不清楚 TPLO 是否能恢复患肢跗骨、髋关节和跗关节在行走时的自然运动学特性。八只成年犬（四只法国斗牛犬和四只比特斗牛梗）的 TPLO 病例组和对照组的后肢运动均由运动捕捉系统记录。计算并比较了髋关节、跗关节和跗关节的三维角度运动，包括屈伸、外展、内收和旋转。在 TPLO 病例和对照组之间观察到了关节运动学上的显著差异。在病例 1 中，法国斗牛犬的 TPLO 病例在髋关节、跗关节和跗关节的屈伸、外展内收和内旋外旋方面表现出差异。受影响肢体和未受影响肢体在髋关节和跗关节运动中也发现了不对称（在某些病例中高达 43°）。比特斗牛梗犬病例 2 和病例 3 也发现了类似的差异模式，在髋关节、跗关节和跗关节运动方面存在显著差异。病例 3 没有出现髋关节不对称现象，但跗关节和跗骨出现了明显的不对称。接受 TPLO 手术的法国斗牛犬和比特斗牛梗犬的一般日常活动表现良好。接受 TPLO 手术的法国斗牛犬和比特斗牛梗犬的一般日常受限活动表现良好。我们的研究结果表明，这两个犬种的 TPLO 术后肢体并没有恢复步态时的自然后肢运动学。

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引用次数: 0

Establishment and validation of a real-time fluorescent PCR freeze-dried type assay for 11 sheep and goats pathogens 建立并验证针对 11 种绵羊和山羊病原体的实时荧光 PCR 冻干型检测方法。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary journal

Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106255

Liting Ke , Guangzheng Hou , Pengcheng Cao , Yanlei Ding , Changxu Zhao , Fei Wang , Yingqiu Liu , Yunpeng Fan , Qiqi Liu

Small ruminants are economic mainstay in developing countries because of its direct contribution to food security, but the occurrence of epidemics poses a continuous threat. Early diagnosis can strengthen the prevention of zoonosis. Therefore, a high-sensitivity real-time fluorescent PCR freeze-dried type assay that can be stored and transported at room temperature was developed for 11 sheep and goats pathogens in this study. The results showed that there was no non-specific amplification in systems containing different pathogen positive controls; The areas under the ROC curves were all in the range of 0.99–1.00; The LOD counted by Digital PCR were 194, 96, 84, 40, 265, 68, 208, 236, 118, 53 and 723 copies/mL for M. ovis, Pathogenic Leptospira, C. burnetii, BTV, PPRV, Brucella, exJSRV, C. abortus, ORFV, FMDV and CPV, respectively. The coefficients of variation of both intra-group and inter-group replicate tests were less than 5.00 %; The accelerated thermostatic lyophilization test was used to predict the validity period; The LOD of each positive pathogen was still detected after 6 days at 56 ℃, suggesting that the validity period can be at least 567 days at room temperature. In this study, a high-sensitivity real-time fluorescent PCR freeze-dried type assay that can be stored and transported at room temperature was developed for 11 sheep and goats pathogens, which were Mycoplasma ovis (M. ovis), Pathogenic Leptospira, Coxiella burnetii (C. burnetii), Bluetongue virus (BTV), Peste des pestis ruminants virus (PPRV), Brucella, exogenous jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (exJSRV), Chlamydia abortus (C. abortus), Orf virus (ORFV), Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), and Capripox virus (CPV).

小反刍兽疫是发展中国家的经济支柱，因为它直接关系到粮食安全，但疫情的发生也构成了持续的威胁。早期诊断可以加强人畜共患病的预防。因此，本研究针对 11 种绵羊和山羊病原体开发了一种可在室温下储存和运输的高灵敏度实时荧光 PCR 冻干型检测方法。结果表明，在含有不同病原体阳性对照的系统中不存在非特异性扩增；ROC 曲线下的面积均在 0.99 至 1.00；数字 PCR 对猫鼬病毒、钩端螺旋体病原体、烧伤蜱、BTV、PPRV、布鲁氏菌、exJSRV、流产蜱、ORFV、FMDV 和 CPV 的 LOD 分别为 194、96、84、40、265、68、208、236、118、53 和 723 拷贝/毫升。组内和组间重复试验的变异系数均小于 5.00%；采用加速恒温冻干试验预测有效期；在 56 ℃ 下 6 天后仍能检测到各阳性病原体的 LOD，表明在室温下有效期至少可达 567 天。本研究针对 11 种绵羊和山羊病原体开发了一种可在室温下储存和运输的高灵敏度实时荧光 PCR 冻干型检测方法，这 11 种病原体分别是绵羊支原体（M. ovis）、致病性钩端螺旋体（Pathogenic Leptospira）、烧伤科克西氏菌（C.burnetii）、蓝舌病病毒（BTV）、反刍动物鼠疫病毒（PPRV）、布鲁氏菌、外源绵羊逆转录病毒（exJSRV）、流产衣原体（C. abortus）、Orf 病毒（ORFV）、口蹄疫病毒（FMDV）和痘病毒（CPV）。

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引用次数: 0

Spitz-like tail carriage in two domestic cats 两只家猫的斯皮茨式尾巴

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary journal

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106256

Morgane J.R. Van Belle , Noema Gajdoš Kmecová , Christel P.H. Moons , Frank A.M. Tuyttens , Daniel S. Mills , Tiny C.B.M. De Keuster

Domestic cats use visual cues to communicate with conspecifics and humans. This includes the position and movement of the tail. The tail up signal (i.e. tail held vertically with the tip curled) has been identified as a friendly greeting signal between cats and from cats to humans. We present here a report of two cats unable to display the classic tail up signal due to Spitz-like (curled) tail characteristics, a morphology not previously reported in the scientific literature. The cats, a British Shorthair (Mn, 2 y) and Domestic Longhair (Fn, 8.5 y), belonged to different households and were participants in a study of intraspecific social interactions. Video recordings show the cats displaying normal tail movements (waving, swishing, twitching) and position when the tail was hanging down. However, once the tail was raised to a vertical position, it immediately curled over the back. This Spitz-like tail posture was displayed both when greeting people and other cats. It had reportedly been present since adoption. There was no underlying medical history of injury or pain to indicate this was an acquired state. We suggest this Spitz-like tail is a spontaneously occurring anomaly, that does not seem to noticeably impair the cats’ communicative abilities, as normal affiliative behaviours were observed during interactions with the cohoused cat. We discuss the significance of this finding in relation to the formation of social bonds and the signalling of affiliative intent.

家猫利用视觉线索与同类和人类交流。这包括尾巴的位置和运动。翘尾信号（即尾巴垂直竖起，尾尖卷曲）已被确认为猫与猫之间以及猫与人之间的友好问候信号。我们在此报告了两只因具有斯皮茨（卷曲）尾巴特征而无法显示经典翘尾信号的猫，这种形态以前从未在科学文献中报道过。这两只猫分别是英国短毛猫（Mn，2 岁）和长毛家猫（Fn，8.5 岁），它们属于不同的家庭，是一项种内社会互动研究的参与者。视频记录显示，当猫的尾巴垂下时，它们的尾巴运动（摆动、摆动、抽动）和姿势都很正常。然而，一旦尾巴被竖起来，它就会立即卷曲在背部。在与人和其他猫打招呼时，它都会表现出这种斯皮茨式的尾巴姿势。据报道，这种情况自猫咪被领养以来就一直存在。它没有受伤或疼痛的病史，这表明它是后天形成的。我们认为，这种斯皮茨式尾巴是一种自发形成的异常现象，似乎不会明显影响猫的交流能力，因为在与同窝猫的互动中，我们观察到了正常的从属行为。我们将讨论这一发现对社会纽带的形成和隶属意向信号的意义。

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引用次数: 0

Deciphering the genetic basis of behavioral traits in dogs: Observed-trait GWAS and latent-trait GWAS analysis reveal key genes and variants 解密狗行为特征的遗传基础：观察-特征 GWAS 和潜伏-特征 GWAS 分析揭示关键基因和变异。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary journal

Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106251

Maryam Mahmoodi , Ahmad Ayatollahi Mehrgardi , Mehdi Momen , James A. Serpell , Ali Esmailizadeh

Dogs exhibit remarkable phenotypic diversity, particularly in behavioral traits, making them an excellent model for studying the genetic basis of complex behaviors. Behavioral traits such as aggression and fear are highly heritable among different dog breeds, but their genetic basis is largely unknown. We used the genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify candidate genes associated with nine behavioral traits including; stranger-directed aggression (SDA), owner-directed aggression (ODA), dog-directed aggression (DDA), stranger-directed fear (SDF), nonsocial fear (NF), dog-directed fear (DDF), touch sensitivity (TS), separation-related behavior (SRB) and attachment attention-seeking (AAS). The observed behavioral traits were collected from 38,714 to 40,460 individuals across 108 modern dog breeds. We performed a GWAS based on a latent trait extracted using the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) method with nine observable behavioral traits and compared the results with those from the GWAS of the observed traits. Using both observed-trait and latent-trait GWAS, we identified 41 significant SNPs that were common between both GWAS methods, of which 26 were pleiotropic, as well as 10 SNPs unique to the latent-trait GWAS, and 5 SNPs unique to the observed-trait GWAS discovered. These SNPs were associated with 21 genes in latent-trait GWAS and 22 genes in the observed-trait GWAS, with 19 genes shared by both. According to previous studies, some of the genes from this study have been reported to be related to behavioral and neurological functions in dogs. In the human population, these identified genes play a role in either the formation of the nervous system or are linked to various mental health conditions. Taken together, our findings suggest that latent-trait GWAS for behavioral traits in dogs identifies significant latent genes that are neurologically prioritized.

狗表现出显著的表型多样性，尤其是在行为特征方面，这使它们成为研究复杂行为遗传基础的绝佳模型。在不同品种的狗中，攻击性和恐惧等行为特征的遗传率很高，但它们的遗传基础在很大程度上是未知的。我们利用全基因组关联研究（GWAS）找出了与九种行为特征相关的候选基因，包括陌生人指向的攻击行为（SDA）、主人指向的攻击行为（ODA）、狗指向的攻击行为（DDA）、陌生人指向的恐惧（SDF）、非社交恐惧（NF）、狗指向的恐惧（DDF）、触觉敏感（TS）、分离相关行为（SRB）和依恋注意寻求（AAS）。观察到的行为特征来自 108 个现代犬种的 38,714 至 40,460 个个体。我们使用确证因子分析（CFA）方法提取了九种可观察行为特征的潜在特征，在此基础上进行了基因组学分析，并将结果与观察特征的基因组学分析结果进行了比较。利用观察性状和潜在性状 GWAS，我们发现了两种 GWAS 方法共有的 41 个重要 SNPs，其中 26 个具有多重效应，还有 10 个 SNPs 为潜在性状 GWAS 所独有，5 个 SNPs 为观察性状 GWAS 所独有。这些 SNP 与潜伏性状 GWAS 中的 21 个基因和观察性状 GWAS 中的 22 个基因相关，其中 19 个基因为两者所共有。根据以往的研究，本研究中的一些基因与狗的行为和神经功能有关。在人类群体中，这些被发现的基因要么在神经系统的形成中发挥作用，要么与各种精神健康状况有关。综上所述，我们的研究结果表明，针对狗的行为特征的潜在特征 GWAS 发现了重要的潜在基因，这些基因是神经系统的优先基因。

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引用次数: 0

How does cruciate ligament rupture treatment affect range of motion in dogs? 十字韧带断裂治疗对狗的活动范围有何影响？

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary journal

Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106253

S. Pinna, M. Di Benedetto, C. Tassani

This study aimed at evaluating the changes in passive range of motion (ROM) of the stifle joint associated with cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture in dogs and assessing whether the surgical treatment carried out on the affected joints affected additional changes. A retrospective cohort study design was used. The clinical records of dogs treated with tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA), tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) and tight rope (TR) were reviewed as were the extension angle (EA), flexion angle (FA) and lameness. The data recorded at T0, before surgery, were compared with the data at 1 month and 6 months post-surgery. The data were classified as normal or abnormal.

The main results obtained one month after surgery indicated that dogs treated with TTA showed a significant worsening of flexion (the FA was abnormal in 69.6 % of dogs at T0 and 80.4 % at T1 with p = 0.0208). Dogs treated with TPLO achieved asignificant improvement in extension (the EA was normal in 16.7 % of dogs at T0 and in 33.3 % at T1 with p < 0.0001), and in flexion (the FA was normal in 23.8 % of dogs at T0 and 43.5 % at T6 with p = 0.0434). The dogs treated with TR showed a significant worsening of extension (the EA was abnormal in 68.8 % of dogs at T0 and in 81.3 % at T1 with p = 0.0024). Six months post-surgery, the ROM value was not normal in 100 % of the stifle joints; however, the lameness significantly improved with each procedure. This study confirmed the influence of surgical procedures on changes in ROM and provided useful indications for planning therapy to improve and speed up the postoperative rehabilitation process in dogs.

本研究旨在评估与犬头颅十字韧带（CCL）断裂相关的跗关节被动活动范围（ROM）的变化，并评估对受影响关节进行的手术治疗是否会影响其他变化。研究采用回顾性队列研究设计。研究人员回顾了接受胫骨结节前移术（TTA）、胫骨平台平整截骨术（TPLO）和紧绳术（TR）治疗的犬只的临床记录以及伸展角（EA）、屈曲角（FA）和跛行情况。将手术前 T0 时记录的数据与手术后 1 个月和 6 个月的数据进行比较。数据被分为正常和异常。术后一个月的主要结果表明，接受TTA治疗的狗的屈曲明显恶化（T0时69.6%的狗的FA异常，T1时80.4%的狗的FA异常，P = 0.0208）。接受 TPLO 治疗的犬只在伸展（T0 时有 16.7% 的犬只 EA 正常，T1 时有 33.3% 的犬只 EA 正常，P < 0.0001）和屈曲（T0 时有 23.8% 的犬只 FA 正常，T6 时有 43.5% 的犬只 FA 正常，P = 0.0434）方面均有显著改善。接受TR治疗的犬只的伸展功能明显恶化（68.8%的犬只在T0时EA异常，81.3%的犬只在T1时EA异常，P = 0.0024）。手术后 6 个月，100% 的跗关节的 ROM 值不正常；然而，跛行情况在每种手术中都有明显改善。这项研究证实了手术过程对ROM变化的影响，并为规划治疗提供了有用的指标，以改善和加快狗的术后康复过程。

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引用次数: 0

Imipramine in dogs: A pharmacokinetic study following oral administration under fasted and fed conditions 狗体内的丙咪嗪：禁食和进食条件下口服给药后的药代动力学研究。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary journal

Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106250

C. Fadel , B. Łebkowska-Wieruszewskac , A. Lisowski , F. Serih , A. Poapolathep , N. Čudina , M. Giorgi

This study investigates the pharmacokinetics (PK) of imipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant used in human psychiatric disorders and increasingly considered in veterinary medicine. Despite its longstanding use in canines, prior research on imipramine's PK in dogs is lacking. This study aimed to determine the PK of imipramine in dogs in regards to feeding conditions, and to ascertain whether desipramine (active metabolite) is formed or not. In this study, six male Labrador dogs underwent oral administration (1.5 mg/kg) of imipramine tablets (10 mg each; Tofranil®, Novartis) in both fasted and fed conditions. Dogs were randomly allocated to one of two treatment groups, employing an open, single-dose, two-treatment, two-phase, cross-over design, with a washout period of one week. Blood was drawn from the left cephalic vein to heparinized tubes at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, and 48 h. Plasma concentrations were quantified using a validated HPLC method, and the data were analyzed using PKanalix™ software with a non-compartmental approach.

Concentrations of imipramine remained quantifiable up to 1.5 hr after administration under both conditions. Desipramine, in both feeding states, was detectable for a short duration, but not quantifiable. No significant differences were observed in the PK parameters of imipramine between the fasting and fed states. The rapid attainment of maximum concentration (C_max) occurred within 0.25 h, indicating a swift absorption rate. Notably, the terminal half-life in dogs was remarkably short at 0.25 h, prompting a re-evaluation of dosing strategies. Considering the recommended therapeutic plasma concentrations in humans, the administered dose might result in effective levels for a brief period of time. Future research should explore intravenous administration, multiple-dose studies, and metabolic investigations to further elucidate imipramine's PK in dogs.

本研究调查了丙咪嗪的药代动力学（PK），丙咪嗪是一种三环类抗抑郁药，用于治疗人类精神疾病，在兽医学中的应用也日益广泛。尽管咪唑帕明在犬科动物中的应用由来已久，但之前却缺乏有关咪唑帕明在犬科动物中的药代动力学研究。本研究旨在确定咪唑帕明在狗体内的 PK 与喂食条件的关系，并确定是否会形成地西普胺（活性代谢物）。在这项研究中，六只雄性拉布拉多犬分别在禁食和进食条件下口服（1.5 毫克/千克）丙咪嗪片剂（每片 10 毫克；Tofranil®，诺华公司）。采用开放式、单剂量、两疗程、两阶段、交叉设计，将狗随机分配到两个治疗组中的一个，冲洗期为一周。分别于 0、0.25、0.5、0.75、1、1.5、2、4、6、8、10、24 和 48 小时从左侧头静脉抽血至肝素化试管。采用经过验证的高效液相色谱法对血浆浓度进行定量，并使用 PKanalixTM 软件对数据进行非室分析。在两种条件下，丙咪嗪的浓度在给药后1.5小时内仍可定量。在两种进食状态下，地西帕明都能在短时间内被检测到，但无法定量。在空腹和进食状态下，丙咪嗪的 PK 参数没有明显差异。最大浓度（Cmax）在 0.25 小时内迅速达到，表明吸收速度很快。值得注意的是，狗的终末半衰期非常短，仅为 0.25 小时，这促使我们重新评估给药策略。考虑到推荐的人体治疗血浆浓度，给药剂量可能会在短时间内达到有效水平。未来的研究应探索静脉给药、多剂量研究和代谢调查，以进一步阐明丙咪嗪在狗体内的PK。

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引用次数: 0