Pub Date : 2025-12-22DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106541
Felipe Penagos-Tabares , Ratchaneewan Khiaosa-Ard , Barbara Streit , Emmanuela Gabara , Siska Aditya , Atif Rana-Muhammad , Mubarik Mahmood , Raul Rivera-Chacon , Johann Huber , Johannes Faas , Shreenath Prasad , Qendrim Zebeli , Barbara Metzler-Zebeli
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic mycotoxin commonly found in animal feed, posing health risks to dairy cattle and potential contamination of dairy products. This study examined the effects of short-term (7-day) dietary OTA exposure on dairy cow health and the distribution of OTA and its metabolite ochratoxin α (OTα) across different biological matrices, including plasma, serum, milk, urine, and faeces. Twelve Simmental cows were randomly allocated into two groups receiving either a low (LD, 5 mg/cow/day) or a high (HD, 50 mg/cow/day) OTA dose. Cows were monitored for health parameters including blood chemistry and haematology, chewing, milk and faecal parameters, as well as for the kinetics of OTA from feed to blood, urine, milk and faeces. OTA and OTα were analysed using HPLC-MS. No significant health effects were observed, except for a slight decrease in faecal scores (LD: 2.72 vs. HD: 2.35) and an increase in chewing activity in the HD group (LD: 53.3 vs. HD: 59,9), both within normal ranges. Plasma and serum OTA and OTα levels stabilised after 60 h of exposure, with OTα dominating in faeces and urine, indicating efficient metabolism. OTA was not detected in milk. The results suggest that daily OTA exposure up to 50 mg per cow for seven days does not harm cow health or contaminate milk.
赭曲霉毒素A （OTA）是动物饲料中常见的一种肾毒性和肝毒性真菌毒素，对奶牛的健康构成风险，并可能污染乳制品。本研究考察了短期（7天）饲粮暴露于OTA对奶牛健康的影响，以及OTA及其代谢物赭曲霉毒素α (OTα)在不同生物基质（包括血浆、血清、牛奶、尿液和粪便）中的分布。选取12头西门塔尔奶牛，随机分为低剂量组（LD， 5mg/奶牛/天）和高剂量组（HD， 50mg/奶牛/天）。监测奶牛的健康参数，包括血液化学和血液学、咀嚼、牛奶和粪便参数，以及从饲料到血液、尿液、牛奶和粪便的OTA动力学。HPLC-MS分析OTA和OTA α。没有观察到明显的健康影响，除了粪便评分略有下降（LD: 2.72 vs HD: 2.35）和HD组咀嚼活动增加（LD: 53.3 vs HD: 59.9），两者都在正常范围内。暴露60小时后，血浆和血清OTA和OTA α水平稳定，粪便和尿液中OTA α占主导地位，表明代谢有效。牛奶中未检测到OTA。结果表明，每头奶牛每天接触50毫克的OTA，持续7天，不会损害奶牛的健康或污染牛奶。
{"title":"Health implications and toxicokinetics of short-term graded dietary exposure of Ochratoxin A in dairy cows","authors":"Felipe Penagos-Tabares , Ratchaneewan Khiaosa-Ard , Barbara Streit , Emmanuela Gabara , Siska Aditya , Atif Rana-Muhammad , Mubarik Mahmood , Raul Rivera-Chacon , Johann Huber , Johannes Faas , Shreenath Prasad , Qendrim Zebeli , Barbara Metzler-Zebeli","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106541","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106541","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic mycotoxin commonly found in animal feed, posing health risks to dairy cattle and potential contamination of dairy products. This study examined the effects of short-term (7-day) dietary OTA exposure on dairy cow health and the distribution of OTA and its metabolite ochratoxin α (OTα) across different biological matrices, including plasma, serum, milk, urine, and faeces. Twelve Simmental cows were randomly allocated into two groups receiving either a low (LD, 5 mg/cow/day) or a high (HD, 50 mg/cow/day) OTA dose. Cows were monitored for health parameters including blood chemistry and haematology, chewing, milk and faecal parameters, as well as for the kinetics of OTA from feed to blood, urine, milk and faeces. OTA and OTα were analysed using HPLC-MS. No significant health effects were observed, except for a slight decrease in faecal scores (LD: 2.72 vs. HD: 2.35) and an increase in chewing activity in the HD group (LD: 53.3 vs. HD: 59,9), both within normal ranges. Plasma and serum OTA and OTα levels stabilised after 60 h of exposure, with OTα dominating in faeces and urine, indicating efficient metabolism. OTA was not detected in milk. The results suggest that daily OTA exposure up to 50 mg per cow for seven days does not harm cow health or contaminate milk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 106541"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145828548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-19DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106540
Zhenghao Jie , Luyu Wang , Wei Jia , Zhenlin Liao , Qin Dong , Yuhui Tian
Streptococcus pluranimalium has emerged as a significant zoonotic pathogen, associated with bovine mastitis and a range of infections in multiple animal species and humans. In this study, a multidrug-resistant S. pluranimalium strain, designated XJSP, was isolated from milk samples collected during a clinical mastitis outbreak on a dairy farm in Xinjiang, China. Whole-genome sequencing revealed its genome comprised 2066,720 bp with a GC content of 38.78 %, harboring 1933 coding sequences, 44 tRNAs, 5 rRNA operons, 5 genomic islands, 3 prophage regions, and a 5007 bp plasmid pXJSP-1 carrying four resistance genes: LRA-7, salB, ermK, and lnuA. Phylogenetic analysis positioned S. pluranimalium within a distinct clade alongside S. ictaluri, S. cuniculipharyngis, S. hillyeri, and S. entericus. Pan-genome analysis of 25 global S. pluranimalium strains identified 880 core genes and extensive accessory gene content, reflecting high genetic diversity. The XJSP strain exhibited resistance to ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, erythromycin, ofloxacin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline, and carried 66 antimicrobial resistance genes and 212 virulence factor genes. Comparative plasmid analysis indicated potential horizontal transfer of resistance genes among Streptococci. These findings enhance our understanding of the genomic architecture, antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, and evolutionary relationships of S. pluranimalium, highlighting its potential risk for interspecies transmission and its implications for public health.
{"title":"Genomic characteristics of multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pluranimalium isolated from a cow with mastitis in Xinjiang, China","authors":"Zhenghao Jie , Luyu Wang , Wei Jia , Zhenlin Liao , Qin Dong , Yuhui Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Streptococcus pluranimalium</em> has emerged as a significant zoonotic pathogen, associated with bovine mastitis and a range of infections in multiple animal species and humans. In this study, a multidrug-resistant <em>S. pluranimalium</em> strain, designated XJSP, was isolated from milk samples collected during a clinical mastitis outbreak on a dairy farm in Xinjiang, China. Whole-genome sequencing revealed its genome comprised 2066,720 bp with a GC content of 38.78 %, harboring 1933 coding sequences, 44 tRNAs, 5 rRNA operons, 5 genomic islands, 3 prophage regions, and a 5007 bp plasmid pXJSP-1 carrying four resistance genes: <em>LRA-7</em>, <em>salB</em>, <em>ermK</em>, and <em>lnuA</em>. Phylogenetic analysis positioned <em>S. pluranimalium</em> within a distinct clade alongside <em>S. ictaluri</em>, <em>S. cuniculipharyngis</em>, <em>S. hillyeri</em>, and <em>S. entericus</em>. Pan-genome analysis of 25 global <em>S. pluranimalium</em> strains identified 880 core genes and extensive accessory gene content, reflecting high genetic diversity. The XJSP strain exhibited resistance to ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, erythromycin, ofloxacin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline, and carried 66 antimicrobial resistance genes and 212 virulence factor genes. Comparative plasmid analysis indicated potential horizontal transfer of resistance genes among Streptococci. These findings enhance our understanding of the genomic architecture, antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, and evolutionary relationships of <em>S. pluranimalium</em>, highlighting its potential risk for interspecies transmission and its implications for public health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 106540"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-16DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106538
Sabrina Briefer-Freymond , Emanuela Dalla Costa , Aurelie Jolivald , Rupert M. Bruckmaier , Elie Atallah , Maria Giorgia Riva , Carrie Ijichi
Personality affects both experience and expression of pain and the welfare impact of castration on horses is poorly understood. Therefore, the current study observed 19 horses to determine: the welfare impact of standard castration on horses; whether individuals consistently vary in their behavioural and emotional responses to pain; the influence of personality on behavioural and physiological responses to pain; whether Horse Grimace Scale (HGS) indicates how individuals feel about painful experiences. Eye temperature (IRT), salivary cortisol, HGS and a pain ethogram were measured at intervals before, throughout and during recovery from castration. IRT (p < 0.005), Cortisol (p < 0.024), HGS (p < 0.03) and Maintenance behaviour (p < 0.004) significant changed from baseline. Physiological and behavioural responses to castration were varied but not consistent within individuals. Veterinarian influenced responses, presumably reflecting the importance of clinician’s skill. Personality explained differences in cortisol responses with Neuroticism negatively (estimate=-0.275; p = 0.035), and Extroversion positively (estimate=0.406; p = 0.001) associated with the magnitude of response to castration. HGS was not confounded by personality suggesting that this pain indicator may be resilient to individual differences in pain expression and appears to reflect underlying affective pain states as it was associated with cortisol (r = 0.568, p = 0.027). Therefore, it is potentially an important tool in recognition of pain at an individual level. Further research should be done utilising a larger sample with greater standardisation of castration method to determine both the effect of baseline welfare on pain resilience and the sensitivity of Grimace Scales as an indicator of suffering during painful experiences.
{"title":"I feel your pain: Individual differences in welfare indicators after castration in horses","authors":"Sabrina Briefer-Freymond , Emanuela Dalla Costa , Aurelie Jolivald , Rupert M. Bruckmaier , Elie Atallah , Maria Giorgia Riva , Carrie Ijichi","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106538","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106538","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Personality affects both experience and expression of pain and the welfare impact of castration on horses is poorly understood. Therefore, the current study observed 19 horses to determine: the welfare impact of standard castration on horses; whether individuals consistently vary in their behavioural and emotional responses to pain; the influence of personality on behavioural and physiological responses to pain; whether Horse Grimace Scale (HGS) indicates how individuals feel about painful experiences. Eye temperature (IRT), salivary cortisol, HGS and a pain ethogram were measured at intervals before, throughout and during recovery from castration. IRT (p < 0.005), Cortisol (p < 0.024), HGS (p < 0.03) and Maintenance behaviour (p < 0.004) significant changed from baseline. Physiological and behavioural responses to castration were varied but not consistent within individuals. Veterinarian influenced responses, presumably reflecting the importance of clinician’s skill. Personality explained differences in cortisol responses with Neuroticism negatively (estimate=-0.275; p = 0.035), and Extroversion positively (estimate=0.406; p = 0.001) associated with the magnitude of response to castration. HGS was not confounded by personality suggesting that this pain indicator may be resilient to individual differences in pain expression and appears to reflect underlying affective pain states as it was associated with cortisol (r = 0.568, p = 0.027). Therefore, it is potentially an important tool in recognition of pain at an individual level. Further research should be done utilising a larger sample with greater standardisation of castration method to determine both the effect of baseline welfare on pain resilience and the sensitivity of Grimace Scales as an indicator of suffering during painful experiences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 106538"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145782793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-16DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106539
Nausikaa Devriendt , Greet Junius , Mattias Van den Eynde , Gonçalo Serrano , Hilde de Rooster
The lidocaine/monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX) test and protein C activity have both been proposed as promising blood tests to determine closure of extrahepatic portosystemic shunts (EHPSS) in dogs. The aim of this study was to compare test performances of both blood tests preoperatively and after gradual surgical attenuation of EHPSS. Firstly, MEGX and glycinexylidide (GX) were determined 15 min after intravenous administration of 1 mg/kg lidocaine in 40 healthy dogs. The 95 % left-sided reference values of MEGX and GX were 16.8 ng/mL (90 % confidence interval (CI): 11.4–22.6) and 8.3 ng/mL (90 % CI: 2.3–14.2), respectively. Subsequently, protein C activity, MEGX and GX concentrations were determined in dogs with EHPSS before surgery, one month (short-term) and minimally three months postoperatively (long-term) at which time also trans-splenic portal scintigraphy was performed to determine EHPSS closure. A total of 41 dogs with EHPSS were included; 31 dogs had closed EHPSS and ten had persisting shunting long-term. Based on the obtained reference values, dogs with persistent shunting could not be differentiated from those with a closed EHPSS with the lidocaine/MEGX test. However, after defining optimal, disease-specific, cut-off values (39.5 ng/mL for MEGX and 29.0 ng/mL for GX), sensitivity to detect persisting shunting was 88.2 % for both MEGX and GX and specificity was 67.7 % for MEGX and 100.0 % for GX. Sensitivity and specificity of protein C activity to detect persistent shunting with a cut-off of < 70 % was 62.0 % and 100.0 %, respectively. Accuracy of GX outperformed accuracy of protein C activity and MEGX to detect persistent shunting in dogs.
{"title":"The lidocaine/monoethylglycinexylidide test is a valuable alternative to protein C activity to determine shunt closure after surgical attenuation of extrahepatic portosystemic shunts in dogs","authors":"Nausikaa Devriendt , Greet Junius , Mattias Van den Eynde , Gonçalo Serrano , Hilde de Rooster","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106539","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106539","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The lidocaine/monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX) test and protein C activity have both been proposed as promising blood tests to determine closure of extrahepatic portosystemic shunts (EHPSS) in dogs. The aim of this study was to compare test performances of both blood tests preoperatively and after gradual surgical attenuation of EHPSS. Firstly, MEGX and glycinexylidide (GX) were determined 15 min after intravenous administration of 1 mg/kg lidocaine in 40 healthy dogs. The 95 % left-sided reference values of MEGX and GX were 16.8 ng/mL (90 % confidence interval (CI): 11.4–22.6) and 8.3 ng/mL (90 % CI: 2.3–14.2), respectively. Subsequently, protein C activity, MEGX and GX concentrations were determined in dogs with EHPSS before surgery, one month (short-term) and minimally three months postoperatively (long-term) at which time also trans-splenic portal scintigraphy was performed to determine EHPSS closure. A total of 41 dogs with EHPSS were included; 31 dogs had closed EHPSS and ten had persisting shunting long-term. Based on the obtained reference values, dogs with persistent shunting could not be differentiated from those with a closed EHPSS with the lidocaine/MEGX test. However, after defining optimal, disease-specific, cut-off values (39.5 ng/mL for MEGX and 29.0 ng/mL for GX), sensitivity to detect persisting shunting was 88.2 % for both MEGX and GX and specificity was 67.7 % for MEGX and 100.0 % for GX. Sensitivity and specificity of protein C activity to detect persistent shunting with a cut-off of < 70 % was 62.0 % and 100.0 %, respectively. Accuracy of GX outperformed accuracy of protein C activity and MEGX to detect persistent shunting in dogs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 106539"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145782798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-12DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106536
Audrey Besegher , Sarah Jeannin , Narcisse Niamba , Thierry Bedossa , Dalila Bovet , Sara Hoummady
This study explored pet owners’ perceptions and use of cannabidiol (CBD) for dogs and cats in France, examining factors associated with CBD use and attitudes toward the product. A total of 2050 pet owners completed an online survey including demographic characteristics, pet health, knowledge, and attitudes toward CBD. Findings revealed that CBD use was not widespread but remained notable, with 29 % of dog owners and 13 % of cat owners reporting administration, rates lower than those reported in countries such as the United States, Canada, or Slovenia. Use was more prevalent among younger owners and those with prior personal experience of CBD or other alternative treatments. No significant difference was observed between urban and rural residents, likely due to widespread internet access facilitating information and online purchases. A higher proportion of dogs than cats received CBD, possibly due to the greater difficulty of administering oral substances to cats. Despite its relatively limited use, owners generally held positive views of CBD’s safety and benefits. Longer durations of CBD administration were linked to higher satisfaction levels. Importantly, discussions with veterinarians were significantly associated with CBD use, and veterinary recommendation was reported as a strong motivator for purchase decisions. Behavioral issues and pain were the main reasons for CBD use across species. Limitations include potential selection bias, a strong sex imbalance that limits representativeness for male owners, and reliance on self-reported data without clinical confirmation. These findings underline the need for clearer regulations, enhanced veterinary education, and clinical trials to provide evidence-based guidance on CBD use in veterinary medicine.
{"title":"Perception and use of cannabidiol (CBD) by French pet owners","authors":"Audrey Besegher , Sarah Jeannin , Narcisse Niamba , Thierry Bedossa , Dalila Bovet , Sara Hoummady","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106536","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106536","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explored pet owners’ perceptions and use of cannabidiol (CBD) for dogs and cats in France, examining factors associated with CBD use and attitudes toward the product. A total of 2050 pet owners completed an online survey including demographic characteristics, pet health, knowledge, and attitudes toward CBD. Findings revealed that CBD use was not widespread but remained notable, with 29 % of dog owners and 13 % of cat owners reporting administration, rates lower than those reported in countries such as the United States, Canada, or Slovenia. Use was more prevalent among younger owners and those with prior personal experience of CBD or other alternative treatments. No significant difference was observed between urban and rural residents, likely due to widespread internet access facilitating information and online purchases. A higher proportion of dogs than cats received CBD, possibly due to the greater difficulty of administering oral substances to cats. Despite its relatively limited use, owners generally held positive views of CBD’s safety and benefits. Longer durations of CBD administration were linked to higher satisfaction levels. Importantly, discussions with veterinarians were significantly associated with CBD use, and veterinary recommendation was reported as a strong motivator for purchase decisions. Behavioral issues and pain were the main reasons for CBD use across species. Limitations include potential selection bias, a strong sex imbalance that limits representativeness for male owners, and reliance on self-reported data without clinical confirmation. These findings underline the need for clearer regulations, enhanced veterinary education, and clinical trials to provide evidence-based guidance on CBD use in veterinary medicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 106536"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145737515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106534
Durmus Hatipoglu , Mehmet Burak Ates , Ayla Eker Sariboyaci , Onur Uysal , Merve Nur Soykan , Burcugul Altug , Bahar Demir Cevizlidere , Fulya Buge Ergen , Aynaz Ghorbani , Fatih Aladag
This pioneering study explored the therapeutic potential of human Wharton’s jelly derived mesenchymal stem cells (hWJ-MSCs) as a novel regenerative treatment for subclinical (SCM) and clinical mastitis (CM) in dairy cows, a condition that poses significant economic and health challenges. hWJ-MSCs were isolated and characterized, and then administered intramammarily in two doses, seven days apart, to twelve cows that were divided into control, SCM, and CM groups. Comprehensive evaluations, including somatic cell count (SCC), proinflammatory cytokine profiles, milk yield, and bacteriological analyses, were conducted before treatment and on days 14 and 21 after treatment. The results revealed a remarkable reduction in SCC by 29.62 % in the SCM group and 70.46 % in the CM group, accompanied by a pronounced suppression of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β. hWJ-MSCs therapy also led to substantial improvements in milk yield, with increases of 39.38 % and 14.32 % in the SCM and CM groups, respectively. Moreover, bacteriological analyses revealed the complete eradication of pathogenic agents, including Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, in nearly all treated patients. These findings underscore the potential of hWJ-MSCs to redefine mastitis management by offering a safe, effective, and antibiotic-free alternative, addressing both agricultural and global health concerns related to antimicrobial resistance. The significant therapeutic effects observed in this study suggest that hWJ-MSCs could be used to treat mastitis, paving the way for advanced stem cell-based interventions in veterinary medicine. Further large-scale studies are warranted to validate these promising results and establish hWJ-MSCs as a cornerstone of sustainable livestock health management.
{"title":"Therapeutic potential of human Wharton’s Jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hWJ-MSCs) for treating clinical and subclinical mastitis in dairy cows","authors":"Durmus Hatipoglu , Mehmet Burak Ates , Ayla Eker Sariboyaci , Onur Uysal , Merve Nur Soykan , Burcugul Altug , Bahar Demir Cevizlidere , Fulya Buge Ergen , Aynaz Ghorbani , Fatih Aladag","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106534","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106534","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This pioneering study explored the therapeutic potential of human Wharton’s jelly derived mesenchymal stem cells (hWJ-MSCs) as a novel regenerative treatment for subclinical (SCM) and clinical mastitis (CM) in dairy cows, a condition that poses significant economic and health challenges. hWJ-MSCs were isolated and characterized, and then administered intramammarily in two doses, seven days apart, to twelve cows that were divided into control, SCM, and CM groups. Comprehensive evaluations, including somatic cell count (SCC), proinflammatory cytokine profiles, milk yield, and bacteriological analyses, were conducted before treatment and on days 14 and 21 after treatment. The results revealed a remarkable reduction in SCC by 29.62 % in the SCM group and 70.46 % in the CM group, accompanied by a pronounced suppression of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β. hWJ-MSCs therapy also led to substantial improvements in milk yield, with increases of 39.38 % and 14.32 % in the SCM and CM groups, respectively. Moreover, bacteriological analyses revealed the complete eradication of pathogenic agents, including <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and <em>Escherichia coli</em>, in nearly all treated patients. These findings underscore the potential of hWJ-MSCs to redefine mastitis management by offering a safe, effective, and antibiotic-free alternative, addressing both agricultural and global health concerns related to antimicrobial resistance. The significant therapeutic effects observed in this study suggest that hWJ-MSCs could be used to treat mastitis, paving the way for advanced stem cell-based interventions in veterinary medicine. Further large-scale studies are warranted to validate these promising results and establish hWJ-MSCs as a cornerstone of sustainable livestock health management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 106534"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145744813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106535
Elif Ünlü , Nihal Y. Gül Satar , Serpil Kâhya Demirbilek , Selda Beker
Otitis externa (OE), an inflammation of the external ear canal, is common in both humans and companion animals and often requires prolonged antimicrobial therapy. Ozone has gained attention for its antimicrobial, antiviral, and antioxidant properties in dermatologic disorders, although its optimal dose and route of administration remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of topical ozone therapy for managing OE compared with conventional antimicrobial treatments. Twenty-seven client-owned dogs with OE were enrolled in an open-label, prospective, controlled clinical trial and assigned to three groups: ozone (Group I), ciprofloxacin drops (Group II), and a veterinary otic solution with florfenicol, terbinafine, and mometasone furoate (Group III). Clinical assessments (OTIS-3, otoscopy, pain, pruritus, cytology) were performed on days 0, 7, 14, and 21, with bacteriological evaluations on days 0 and 21. Based on OTIS-3, treatment success rates were 100 % in Group I, 33.33 % in Group II, and 66.66 % in Group III. Significant improvements in OTIS-3, otoscopy, pain, and pruritus scores were observed in Group I compared to Group II (p < 0.05). Cytological improvement was significant in Groups I (p < 0.001) and III (p = 0.003). Microbiological analysis confirmed the complete absence of bacterial growth in Group I, effectively eliminating Staphylococcus pseudointermedius, Proteus mirabilis, Bacillus spp., Citrobacter braakii, Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci, Escherichia coli, Dermacoccus nishiomiyaensis, and multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. These findings highlight the potential of topical ozone therapy as a safe and effective option for the management of otitis externa, with important implications for reducing antimicrobial use and mitigating antimicrobial resistance.
{"title":"A novel approach to treating canine otitis externa with medical ozone: A comparative clinical, cytological and microbiological research","authors":"Elif Ünlü , Nihal Y. Gül Satar , Serpil Kâhya Demirbilek , Selda Beker","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106535","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106535","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Otitis externa (OE), an inflammation of the external ear canal, is common in both humans and companion animals and often requires prolonged antimicrobial therapy. Ozone has gained attention for its antimicrobial, antiviral, and antioxidant properties in dermatologic disorders, although its optimal dose and route of administration remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of topical ozone therapy for managing OE compared with conventional antimicrobial treatments. Twenty-seven client-owned dogs with OE were enrolled in an open-label, prospective, controlled clinical trial and assigned to three groups: ozone (Group I), ciprofloxacin drops (Group II), and a veterinary otic solution with florfenicol, terbinafine, and mometasone furoate (Group III). Clinical assessments (OTIS-3, otoscopy, pain, pruritus, cytology) were performed on days 0, 7, 14, and 21, with bacteriological evaluations on days 0 and 21. Based on OTIS-3, treatment success rates were 100 % in Group I, 33.33 % in Group II, and 66.66 % in Group III. Significant improvements in OTIS-3, otoscopy, pain, and pruritus scores were observed in Group I compared to Group II (<em>p</em> < 0.05). Cytological improvement was significant in Groups I (<em>p</em> < 0.001) and III (<em>p</em> = 0.003). Microbiological analysis confirmed the complete absence of bacterial growth in Group I, effectively eliminating <em>Staphylococcus pseudointermedius, Proteus mirabilis, Bacillus</em> spp., <em>Citrobacter braakii</em>, <em>Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci</em>, <em>Escherichia coli, Dermacoccus nishiomiyaensis</em>, and multidrug-resistant <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em>. These findings highlight the potential of topical ozone therapy as a safe and effective option for the management of otitis externa, with important implications for reducing antimicrobial use and mitigating antimicrobial resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 106535"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145752358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106537
Y. Sohn , S.J. An , E. Forbes , J. Yoon , B.S. Kim , S.-H. Ryu , I. Lee
Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) is a developmental orthopedic condition in young horses. Exercise and management affect OCD development, but the impact of exercise patterns during the 6–12 months growth period remains unclear. This study examined the association between OCD lesions in Thoroughbred foals and irregular exercise patterns. Forty foals wore halter-mounted Global Positioning System devices that recorded velocity every five seconds during turnout. Foals were routinely turned out for approximately 13 h daily, except on rainy days. Radiographs were taken at six and twelve months of age. Lesions were graded on a 0–4 scale and were converted into a 0–8 severity index. Speed data between 3 and 15 m/s were analyzed. Movement parameters, including mean velocity, velocity standard deviation, and the velocity outlier ratio (the proportion of values exceeding Q3 [third quartile] + 1.5 × IQR [interquartile range], indicating sudden accelerations or decelerations), were compared between OCD-positive and OCD-negative groups. Thirteen foals (32.5 %) were diagnosed with OCD. Total workload and mean velocity did not differ between groups, but the outlier ratio was significantly higher in OCD-positive foals. A combined metric incorporating body weight (Outlier Ratio × Weight Grade) was also higher in OCD-positive foals at 6 months (P < 0.05) and 12 months (P < 0.001). Radiographic scores and lesion progression were greater in OCD-positive foals. These results suggest that movement irregularity, especially in heavier foals, may contribute to OCD development. Monitoring irregular patterns could help identify at-risk foals and guide adjustments to exercise management during this critical period.
{"title":"A GPS-based investigation into the relationship between exercise irregularity and osteochondritis dissecans in Thoroughbred weanlings: A case-control study","authors":"Y. Sohn , S.J. An , E. Forbes , J. Yoon , B.S. Kim , S.-H. Ryu , I. Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106537","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106537","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) is a developmental orthopedic condition in young horses. Exercise and management affect OCD development, but the impact of exercise patterns during the 6–12 months growth period remains unclear. This study examined the association between OCD lesions in Thoroughbred foals and irregular exercise patterns. Forty foals wore halter-mounted Global Positioning System devices that recorded velocity every five seconds during turnout. Foals were routinely turned out for approximately 13 h daily, except on rainy days. Radiographs were taken at six and twelve months of age. Lesions were graded on a 0–4 scale and were converted into a 0–8 severity index. Speed data between 3 and 15 m/s were analyzed. Movement parameters, including mean velocity, velocity standard deviation, and the velocity outlier ratio (the proportion of values exceeding Q3 [third quartile] + 1.5 × IQR [interquartile range], indicating sudden accelerations or decelerations), were compared between OCD-positive and OCD-negative groups. Thirteen foals (32.5 %) were diagnosed with OCD. Total workload and mean velocity did not differ between groups, but the outlier ratio was significantly higher in OCD-positive foals. A combined metric incorporating body weight (Outlier Ratio × Weight Grade) was also higher in OCD-positive foals at 6 months (<em>P</em> < 0.05) and 12 months (<em>P</em> < 0.001). Radiographic scores and lesion progression were greater in OCD-positive foals. These results suggest that movement irregularity, especially in heavier foals, may contribute to OCD development. Monitoring irregular patterns could help identify at-risk foals and guide adjustments to exercise management during this critical period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 106537"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145737516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-09DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106530
Paweł Lipiński , Rafał R. Starzyński , Małgorzata Lenartowicz , Xiuying Wang , Magdalena Ogłuszka , Martyna Batorska
Suckling piglets are the only neonates among mammals to show a disruption in the balance between iron supply and demand that results in spontaneous and progressive iron deficiency anemia (IDA). IDA in piglets exhibits a biphasic pathology with a mild manifestation just after birth due to critically low hepatic iron stores, which subsequently develops into severe anemia as a result of the extremely high growth rate in the early postnatal period produced by intensive selective breeding. Intriguingly, no cases of IDA have been reported in the offspring of wild boar, the major ancestor of contemporary pigs, still living in the wild in many regions of the world. Comparison of iron metabolism in the domestic pig and wild boar shows that the physiological mechanisms delivering iron for domestic piglets are similar to those established in wild boar offspring and thus are largely insufficient for their needs. Therefore, IDA in domestic pig neonates may be considered a man-made disorder whose symptoms manifest themselves in a particularly acute form in the offspring of modern breeds of domestic pig. Decades of breeding for economically important traits such as large litter size, high birthweight and rapid growth, has excessively increased iron demand. Effective prevention and treatment of IDA was introduced in the 1950s when iron-polysaccharide compounds suitable for parenteral administration were first employed extensively. However, anemic piglets remain an appropriate animal model of neonatal IDA for testing the effectiveness of new iron supplements and formulas, and for exploring and deciphering mechanisms of neonatal iron metabolism.
{"title":"Iron deficiency anemia in suckling piglets: When physiology cannot keep up with breeding goals","authors":"Paweł Lipiński , Rafał R. Starzyński , Małgorzata Lenartowicz , Xiuying Wang , Magdalena Ogłuszka , Martyna Batorska","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106530","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106530","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Suckling piglets are the only neonates among mammals to show a disruption in the balance between iron supply and demand that results in spontaneous and progressive iron deficiency anemia (IDA). IDA in piglets exhibits a biphasic pathology with a mild manifestation just after birth due to critically low hepatic iron stores, which subsequently develops into severe anemia as a result of the extremely high growth rate in the early postnatal period produced by intensive selective breeding. Intriguingly, no cases of IDA have been reported in the offspring of wild boar, the major ancestor of contemporary pigs, still living in the wild in many regions of the world. Comparison of iron metabolism in the domestic pig and wild boar shows that the physiological mechanisms delivering iron for domestic piglets are similar to those established in wild boar offspring and thus are largely insufficient for their needs. Therefore, IDA in domestic pig neonates may be considered a man-made disorder whose symptoms manifest themselves in a particularly acute form in the offspring of modern breeds of domestic pig. Decades of breeding for economically important traits such as large litter size, high birthweight and rapid growth, has excessively increased iron demand. Effective prevention and treatment of IDA was introduced in the 1950s when iron-polysaccharide compounds suitable for parenteral administration were first employed extensively. However, anemic piglets remain an appropriate animal model of neonatal IDA for testing the effectiveness of new iron supplements and formulas, and for exploring and deciphering mechanisms of neonatal iron metabolism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 106530"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145737445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) sequence type (ST) 9 and clonal complex (CC) 398 are primarily livestock-associated, with CC398 also being predominant in dogs and cats in Thailand. We employed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to investigate the genomic characteristics, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and virulence profiles of pet-associated MRSA isolates, highlighting features shared with livestock-associated MRSA (LA-MRSA). Between 2017 and 2023, 29 MRSA were identified among 184 S. aureus isolates from 13,984 canine and feline clinical samples. A representative subset of 17 MRSA isolates underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing and WGS. Hybrid genome assembly revealed LA-MRSA characteristics, including ST9 carrying staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) IX (1 isolate) and CC398 carrying either SCCmec V variants (5C2&5) (15 isolates) or a novel composite SCCmec containing class C2 mec gene complex, ccrA1B1, and ccrC (1 isolate). All strains exhibited multidrug resistance, harboring multiple AMR genes mainly on the chromosome. LA-MRSA-associated genes such as tet(L), fexA, lsa(E), and lnu(B) were detected. In CC398, IS256 was associated with SCCmec V variations. The composite SCCmec in MRSA ST398 strain CUVET18–370 shared homology with bovine-derived SCCmec IX variants, lacking erm(B). A mecA circular intermediate was identified in one canine CC398 strain, suggesting duplication and excision of the mec complex for potential horizontal transfer. These SCCmec V and IX variations highlight the adaptability of MRSA ST9 and CC398 and their possible dissemination among animal hosts under antimicrobial pressure. Our findings emphasize the need for integrated AMR surveillance across humans, livestock, and companion animals to support evidence-based MRSA prevention and control.
{"title":"Genetic characteristics and SCCmec variations in pet-associated MRSA CC398 and ST9 strains","authors":"Nathita Phumthanakorn , Jitrapa Yindee , Chavin Leelapsawas , Parinya Sroithongkham , Pattrarat Chanchaithong","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106532","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106532","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Methicillin-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (MRSA) sequence type (ST) 9 and clonal complex (CC) 398 are primarily livestock-associated, with CC398 also being predominant in dogs and cats in Thailand. We employed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to investigate the genomic characteristics, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and virulence profiles of pet-associated MRSA isolates, highlighting features shared with livestock-associated MRSA (LA-MRSA). Between 2017 and 2023, 29 MRSA were identified among 184 <em>S. aureus</em> isolates from 13,984 canine and feline clinical samples. A representative subset of 17 MRSA isolates underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing and WGS. Hybrid genome assembly revealed LA-MRSA characteristics, including ST9 carrying staphylococcal cassette chromosome <em>mec</em> (SCC<em>mec</em>) IX (1 isolate) and CC398 carrying either SCC<em>mec</em> V variants (5C2&5) (15 isolates) or a novel composite SCC<em>mec</em> containing class C2 <em>mec</em> gene complex, <em>ccrA1B1</em>, and <em>ccrC</em> (1 isolate). All strains exhibited multidrug resistance, harboring multiple AMR genes mainly on the chromosome. LA-MRSA-associated genes such as <em>tet</em>(L), <em>fexA</em>, <em>lsa</em>(E), and <em>lnu</em>(B) were detected. In CC398, IS<em>256</em> was associated with SCC<em>mec</em> V variations. The composite SCC<em>mec</em> in MRSA ST398 strain CUVET18–370 shared homology with bovine-derived SCC<em>mec</em> IX variants, lacking <em>erm</em>(B). A <em>mecA</em> circular intermediate was identified in one canine CC398 strain, suggesting duplication and excision of the <em>mec</em> complex for potential horizontal transfer. These SCC<em>mec</em> V and IX variations highlight the adaptability of MRSA ST9 and CC398 and their possible dissemination among animal hosts under antimicrobial pressure. Our findings emphasize the need for integrated AMR surveillance across humans, livestock, and companion animals to support evidence-based MRSA prevention and control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 106532"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145726234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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