Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106288
F.H. Aae , M. Stokstad , M. Myrmel , R. Sørby , A. Bergfeldt , B. Ranheim
Congenital tremor (CT) caused by atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) is a widespread disease in the swine industry. It is characterized by tremors in newborn piglets, but tremor description and association to other clinical signs are not well documented. This study’s objectives were to characterize general and neurological clinical signs of APPV-induced CT and describe the progression and associations between the different signs. A cohort study was conducted including 37 pigs from litters with APPV-confirmed CT and 27 control pigs from healthy litters. All pigs were examined five times from birth to slaughter, including general and neurological parameters, and detailed tremor characterization. All levels of tremor, from grave severity to no tremor, were seen within litters. Tremor persisted throughout the suckling period for all, to weaner age for 60 % and to slaughter age for 40 %, unrelated to the initial degree of tremor (P = 0.9). Tremors were consistent with intention tremor and typically went from affecting the whole body to smaller regions as the pig aged, while frequency increased, and amplitude decreased. Tremor was associated with hypermetria (P = 0.0018) and a broad stance (P = 0.0198) during the suckling period. No other neurological signs, or splay leg, were observed. Severe tremor inhibited voluntary movement and was associated with reduced general condition (P = 0.0017), lower body condition score (P = 0.0044), more carpal lesions (P = 0.0163) and arthritis (P = 0.0198). Intention tremor and hypermetria corresponds to cerebellar diseases, although other typical signs of this were absent. Both the tremor observed, and the associated clinical manifestations appear to have severe animal welfare implications.
{"title":"Tremor tales: A cohort study of general and neurological signs in pigs with atypical porcine pestivirus-induced congenital tremor","authors":"F.H. Aae , M. Stokstad , M. Myrmel , R. Sørby , A. Bergfeldt , B. Ranheim","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106288","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106288","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Congenital tremor (CT) caused by atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) is a widespread disease in the swine industry. It is characterized by tremors in newborn piglets, but tremor description and association to other clinical signs are not well documented. This study’s objectives were to characterize general and neurological clinical signs of APPV-induced CT and describe the progression and associations between the different signs. A cohort study was conducted including 37 pigs from litters with APPV-confirmed CT and 27 control pigs from healthy litters. All pigs were examined five times from birth to slaughter, including general and neurological parameters, and detailed tremor characterization. All levels of tremor, from grave severity to no tremor, were seen within litters. Tremor persisted throughout the suckling period for all, to weaner age for 60 % and to slaughter age for 40 %, unrelated to the initial degree of tremor <em>(P</em> = 0.9). Tremors were consistent with intention tremor and typically went from affecting the whole body to smaller regions as the pig aged, while frequency increased, and amplitude decreased. Tremor was associated with hypermetria (<em>P</em> = 0.0018) and a broad stance (<em>P</em> = 0.0198) during the suckling period. No other neurological signs, or splay leg, were observed. Severe tremor inhibited voluntary movement and was associated with reduced general condition (<em>P</em> = 0.0017), lower body condition score (<em>P</em> = 0.0044), more carpal lesions (<em>P</em> = 0.0163) and arthritis (<em>P</em> = 0.0198). Intention tremor and hypermetria corresponds to cerebellar diseases, although other typical signs of this were absent. Both the tremor observed, and the associated clinical manifestations appear to have severe animal welfare implications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"309 ","pages":"Article 106288"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142792359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106292
T. Liatis , S.F.M. Bhatti , S. De Decker
Although tremors are common neurological presentations, there is little known about their clinical features and underlying etiologies in cats. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical features, and underlying diagnoses in cats with tremors. We hypothesized that the results of this study would provide clinically useful information for clinicians when evaluating cats with tremors. This is a retrospective, single-center, study of cats with tremors between 2004 and 2023. Inclusion criteria included complete medical records, presence or report of tremor or twitch, and a final or presumptive diagnosis.
One hundred five cats met the inclusion criteria. The most common diagnoses associated with tremors were degenerative encephalopathy (19/105; 18.1 %), feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) (17/105; 16.2 %), congenital portosystemic shunt (17/105; 16.2 %), intoxication (16/105 15.2 %) and polyneuropathy (8/105; 7.6 %). Most common degenerative encephalopathies were suspected cerebellar cortical degeneration (7/19; 50 %) and lysosomal storage diseases (7/19; 50 %) and manifested intention head tremors. Intention head tremors were also seen in cats with FIP and thiamine deficiency encephalopathy. Portosystemic shunt tremors were of variable features, focal or generalised, intentional, nonintentional or both. The most common intoxication was permethrin ingestion and was most commonly associated with generalized tremors as the main presenting complaint. The most common type of tremor in cats with a polyneuropathy was a generalised tremor or limb tremor. Different tremor phenotypes occur and are associated with specific underlying diagnoses in cats. This information can aid clinicians on the best way to approach cats with a variety of tremor phenotypes.
{"title":"Tremors in cats: 105 cases (2004–2023)","authors":"T. Liatis , S.F.M. Bhatti , S. De Decker","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although tremors are common neurological presentations, there is little known about their clinical features and underlying etiologies in cats. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical features, and underlying diagnoses in cats with tremors. We hypothesized that the results of this study would provide clinically useful information for clinicians when evaluating cats with tremors. This is a retrospective, single-center, study of cats with tremors between 2004 and 2023. Inclusion criteria included complete medical records, presence or report of tremor or twitch, and a final or presumptive diagnosis.</div><div>One hundred five cats met the inclusion criteria. The most common diagnoses associated with tremors were degenerative encephalopathy (19/105; 18.1 %), feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) (17/105; 16.2 %), congenital portosystemic shunt (17/105; 16.2 %), intoxication (16/105 15.2 %) and polyneuropathy (8/105; 7.6 %). Most common degenerative encephalopathies were suspected cerebellar cortical degeneration (7/19; 50 %) and lysosomal storage diseases (7/19; 50 %) and manifested intention head tremors. Intention head tremors were also seen in cats with FIP and thiamine deficiency encephalopathy. Portosystemic shunt tremors were of variable features, focal or generalised, intentional, nonintentional or both. The most common intoxication was permethrin ingestion and was most commonly associated with generalized tremors as the main presenting complaint. The most common type of tremor in cats with a polyneuropathy was a generalised tremor or limb tremor. Different tremor phenotypes occur and are associated with specific underlying diagnoses in cats. This information can aid clinicians on the best way to approach cats with a variety of tremor phenotypes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"309 ","pages":"Article 106292"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142865666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106290
Haolong Wang , Qian Liu , Mahmoud M. Abouelfetouh , Hao Li , Hongmei Zhu , Cong Zhu , Faisal Ayub Kiani , Yi Ding
During the periparturient period, dairy cows experience negative energy balance due to reduced feed intake, leading to adipose tissue breakdown, liver damage, and fat accumulation. This study examined the gut-liver-brain axis to explore the link between fatty liver disease, changes in hypothalamic appetite-related neurons, and microbiome shifts in dairy cows. Thirty cows were monitored, with daily DMI recordings and blood sampling. Postpartum brain, liver, and ileal contents were collected from 10 selected cows, divided into two groups: H-DMI (slight DMI decrease) and L-DMI (severe DMI decrease). The L-DMI group of cows exhibited higher plasma NEFA, BHBA, ALT, and AST levels, along with severe hepatic steatosis and lipid accumulation. Transcriptome sequencing of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) revealed decreased expression of Hypocretin Neuropeptide Precursor (HCRT), orexin-A (OX-A), Orexin Receptor Type 1 (OX1R), and Cannabinoid Receptor 1 (CB1) in the L-DMI group, while Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and Melanocortin 4 Receptor (MC4R) expression increased. Metagenomic analysis of ileal contents showed reduced abundance of Ruminococcus spp. in the L-DMI group, which may be associated with fatty liver disease (FL). Integrated omics analysis showed that increased MC4R expression was correlated with the elevated abundance of bacteria such as Akkermansia glycaniphila, and reduced abundance of species such as Methanobrevubacter thaueri and Ruminococcus spp. Decreased HCRT expression was also linked to Akkermansia glycaniphila. In conclusion, these changes may affect DMI through the OX-A/POMC pathway, with neurological and gut microbiome alterations potentially leading to appetite suppression, negative energy balance, and the development of fatty liver disease.
围产期奶牛因采食量减少，能量负平衡，导致脂肪组织破坏、肝脏损伤和脂肪堆积。本研究检查了奶牛的肠-肝-脑轴，以探索脂肪肝疾病、下丘脑食欲相关神经元的变化和微生物组变化之间的联系。对30头奶牛进行监测，每日记录DMI并采血。选取10头奶牛采集产后脑、肝、回肠内容物，分为H-DMI（轻度DMI降低）组和L-DMI（重度DMI降低）组。L-DMI组奶牛表现出较高的血浆NEFA、BHBA、ALT和AST水平，并伴有严重的肝脏脂肪变性和脂质积累。下丘脑弓状核（ARC）转录组测序显示，L-DMI组下丘脑神经肽前体（HCRT）、食欲素- a （OX-A）、食欲素受体1型（OX1R）和大麻素受体1 （CB1）的表达降低，而亲阿片黑素皮质素（POMC）和黑素皮质素4受体（MC4R）的表达升高。回肠内容物宏基因组分析显示，L-DMI组Ruminococcus spp.丰度降低，这可能与脂肪肝（FL）有关。综合组学分析显示，MC4R表达升高与嗜糖阿克曼氏菌（Akkermansia glycaniphila）等细菌丰度升高、陶氏甲烷杆菌（Methanobrevubacter thaueri）和鲁米诺球菌（Ruminococcus spp）等物种丰度降低相关，HCRT表达降低也与嗜糖阿克曼氏菌（Akkermansia glycaniphila）相关。总之，这些变化可能通过OX-A/POMC途径影响DMI，神经和肠道微生物组的改变可能导致食欲抑制、负能量平衡和脂肪肝的发展。
{"title":"The role of the hypothalamus-gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of periparturient fatty liver disease in dairy cows","authors":"Haolong Wang , Qian Liu , Mahmoud M. Abouelfetouh , Hao Li , Hongmei Zhu , Cong Zhu , Faisal Ayub Kiani , Yi Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the periparturient period, dairy cows experience negative energy balance due to reduced feed intake, leading to adipose tissue breakdown, liver damage, and fat accumulation. This study examined the gut-liver-brain axis to explore the link between fatty liver disease, changes in hypothalamic appetite-related neurons, and microbiome shifts in dairy cows. Thirty cows were monitored, with daily DMI recordings and blood sampling. Postpartum brain, liver, and ileal contents were collected from 10 selected cows, divided into two groups: H-DMI (slight DMI decrease) and L-DMI (severe DMI decrease). The L-DMI group of cows exhibited higher plasma NEFA, BHBA, ALT, and AST levels, along with severe hepatic steatosis and lipid accumulation. Transcriptome sequencing of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) revealed decreased expression of Hypocretin Neuropeptide Precursor (HCRT), orexin-A (OX-A), Orexin Receptor Type 1 (OX1R), and Cannabinoid Receptor 1 (CB1) in the L-DMI group, while Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and Melanocortin 4 Receptor (MC4R) expression increased. Metagenomic analysis of ileal contents showed reduced abundance of <em>Ruminococcus spp.</em> in the L-DMI group, which may be associated with fatty liver disease (FL). Integrated omics analysis showed that increased MC4R expression was correlated with the elevated abundance of bacteria such as <em>Akkermansia glycaniphila</em>, and reduced abundance of species such as <em>Methanobrevubacter thaueri</em> and <em>Ruminococcus spp</em>. Decreased HCRT expression was also linked to <em>Akkermansia glycaniphila</em>. In conclusion, these changes may affect DMI through the OX-A/POMC pathway, with neurological and gut microbiome alterations potentially leading to appetite suppression, negative energy balance, and the development of fatty liver disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"309 ","pages":"Article 106290"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142830056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106296
Min Wei, Shaobo Liang, Yuting Wang, Jingjin Hu, Feng Pang
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a significant pathogen that exerts substantial economic influence on the global cattle industry. Developing a safe and effective novel vaccine targeting various BVDV subtypes is critical for controlling BVDV infection. In the study, we created two distinct multi-epitope vaccines by linking highly conserved and dominant cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL), helper T-lymphocytes (HTL), and B-cell epitopes from either the E0 or E2 envelope glycoprotein of diverse BVDV subtypes. To enhance immunogenicity, β-defensin-3 was fused to the N-terminus of these constructs as an adjuvant. Using multiple immunoinformatics tools, we conducted an analysis and assessment of the vaccine constructs' physicochemical properties and immunological features. Consequently, two prospective vaccine candidates named BVDV-M1 and BVDV-M2 were successfully designed and shown to be stable, antigenic, non-allergenic, and non-toxic. The optimized vaccine 3D models exhibit excellent structural quality. Molecular docking revealed a strong interaction between the vaccines with bovine TLR2 and TLR4. The stability of the docked vaccine-TLR complexes was confirmed through molecular dynamics simulation. Immune simulation analyses indicated that both vaccines have the potential to induce high levels of antibodies IgM, IgG and the cytokines IFN-γ and IL-2. Furthermore, the vaccine's efficient expression in the E.coli system was secured through codon optimization coupled with in silico cloning. Summarily, the designed multi-epitope vaccines have the potential to elicit robust humoral and cellular immune responses, positioning them as hopeful broad-spectrum vaccine candidates against the currently prevalent BVDV subtypes.
{"title":"Design and assessment of two broad-spectrum multi-epitope vaccine candidates against bovine viral diarrhea virus based on the E0 or E2 envelope glycoprotein","authors":"Min Wei, Shaobo Liang, Yuting Wang, Jingjin Hu, Feng Pang","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a significant pathogen that exerts substantial economic influence on the global cattle industry. Developing a safe and effective novel vaccine targeting various BVDV subtypes is critical for controlling BVDV infection. In the study, we created two distinct multi-epitope vaccines by linking highly conserved and dominant cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL), helper T-lymphocytes (HTL), and B-cell epitopes from either the E0 or E2 envelope glycoprotein of diverse BVDV subtypes. To enhance immunogenicity, β-defensin-3 was fused to the N-terminus of these constructs as an adjuvant. Using multiple immunoinformatics tools, we conducted an analysis and assessment of the vaccine constructs' physicochemical properties and immunological features. Consequently, two prospective vaccine candidates named BVDV-M1 and BVDV-M2 were successfully designed and shown to be stable, antigenic, non-allergenic, and non-toxic. The optimized vaccine 3D models exhibit excellent structural quality. Molecular docking revealed a strong interaction between the vaccines with bovine TLR2 and TLR4. The stability of the docked vaccine-TLR complexes was confirmed through molecular dynamics simulation. Immune simulation analyses indicated that both vaccines have the potential to induce high levels of antibodies IgM, IgG and the cytokines IFN-γ and IL-2. Furthermore, the vaccine's efficient expression in the <em>E.coli</em> system was secured through codon optimization coupled with in silico cloning. Summarily, the designed multi-epitope vaccines have the potential to elicit robust humoral and cellular immune responses, positioning them as hopeful broad-spectrum vaccine candidates against the currently prevalent BVDV subtypes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"309 ","pages":"Article 106296"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142898551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106287
Jane HC Huang, Bianca N. Lourenço, Amanda E. Coleman
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) has a well-established key pathophysiologic role in kidney diseases, and pharmacotherapy targeting this system is a mainstay of treatment of affected human beings, cats, and dogs. Several studies have evaluated the circulating RAAS in animals with spontaneous or experimentally induced kidney diseases. Evidence supporting the activation of this system has been demonstrated in some – but not all – studies and individuals, and the interindividual variability in circulating RAAS markers is high. Advances over the last few decades have expanded our understanding of the system, which now includes the existence of a counterbalancing “alternative” RAAS and tissular renin-angiotensin systems (RASs), the latter regulated independently of the circulating endocrine RAAS. The local RAS in the kidney, termed the intrarenal RAS, is currently recognized as an important regulator of kidney function and mediator of kidney disease. In general, information on the intrarenal RAS is lacking in cats and dogs with kidney diseases; however, existing limited data suggest its activation. Despite the inconsistent evidence for circulating RAAS activation in chronic kidney diseases, RAAS inhibitors have proven effective for the treatment of its common comorbidities, systemic arterial hypertension and renal proteinuria, in both cats and dogs. Further research of the circulating RAAS, the intrarenal RAS, and the interplay between these systems in the context of kidney diseases in companion animals might contribute to the development or refinement of future treatment strategies.
{"title":"The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in kidney diseases of cats and dogs","authors":"Jane HC Huang, Bianca N. Lourenço, Amanda E. Coleman","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) has a well-established key pathophysiologic role in kidney diseases, and pharmacotherapy targeting this system is a mainstay of treatment of affected human beings, cats, and dogs. Several studies have evaluated the circulating RAAS in animals with spontaneous or experimentally induced kidney diseases. Evidence supporting the activation of this system has been demonstrated in some – but not all – studies and individuals, and the interindividual variability in circulating RAAS markers is high. Advances over the last few decades have expanded our understanding of the system, which now includes the existence of a counterbalancing “alternative” RAAS and tissular renin-angiotensin systems (RASs), the latter regulated independently of the circulating endocrine RAAS. The local RAS in the kidney, termed the intrarenal RAS, is currently recognized as an important regulator of kidney function and mediator of kidney disease. In general, information on the intrarenal RAS is lacking in cats and dogs with kidney diseases; however, existing limited data suggest its activation. Despite the inconsistent evidence for circulating RAAS activation in chronic kidney diseases, RAAS inhibitors have proven effective for the treatment of its common comorbidities, systemic arterial hypertension and renal proteinuria, in both cats and dogs. Further research of the circulating RAAS, the intrarenal RAS, and the interplay between these systems in the context of kidney diseases in companion animals might contribute to the development or refinement of future treatment strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"309 ","pages":"Article 106287"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142822782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106308
L Costa, I Tomé I, B Colaço, S Alves-Pimenta, R Sargo, J Pereira, I Pires, J Prada, M Ginja
Hip dysplasia (HD) is an arthropathy with an incompletely understood pathophysiology. Existing induction HD models fall short of providing feasible data to test new therapeutic strategies. This study aimed to characterize and validate a new surgical model of HD in rabbits. Seventeen 6-week-old male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly assigned to 3 groups: GI (n=3) - control group, with six normal hips (NH); GII (n = 7) - seven left instability surgery hips (ISH) and seven right surgery sham hips (SSH); GIII (n = 7) - seven left instability surgery hips, followed by hindlimb bandage immobilization for 3 days (ISHI) and seven right hips without surgery (HWS). The instability surgery was performed by sectioning the teres ligament and the sham by accessing the capsule without its section. After 14 weeks following the induction surgery, the rabbits underwent radiographic and computed tomographic studies and histopathological characterization of the hip joint based on the severity of cartilage structure and chondrocyte pathology. In the imaging assessment, the ISHI group was the only group presenting statistically significant differences in all four parameters, consistent with HD development (P<0.05). In the histopathologic evaluation, the ISHI group showed a higher severity of cartilage damage and chondrocyte pathology with statistically significant differences when compared with the NH group (P<0.05). As a result, the proposed rabbit model can be recommended for HD studies aiming to test therapeutic responses to osteoarthritis in vivo, representing a valuable tool in veterinary research fields.
{"title":"Hip Dysplasia Induction: Establishment of a New Surgical Model in Rabbits.","authors":"L Costa, I Tomé I, B Colaço, S Alves-Pimenta, R Sargo, J Pereira, I Pires, J Prada, M Ginja","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106308","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hip dysplasia (HD) is an arthropathy with an incompletely understood pathophysiology. Existing induction HD models fall short of providing feasible data to test new therapeutic strategies. This study aimed to characterize and validate a new surgical model of HD in rabbits. Seventeen 6-week-old male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly assigned to 3 groups: GI (n=3) - control group, with six normal hips (NH); GII (n = 7) - seven left instability surgery hips (ISH) and seven right surgery sham hips (SSH); GIII (n = 7) - seven left instability surgery hips, followed by hindlimb bandage immobilization for 3 days (ISHI) and seven right hips without surgery (HWS). The instability surgery was performed by sectioning the teres ligament and the sham by accessing the capsule without its section. After 14 weeks following the induction surgery, the rabbits underwent radiographic and computed tomographic studies and histopathological characterization of the hip joint based on the severity of cartilage structure and chondrocyte pathology. In the imaging assessment, the ISHI group was the only group presenting statistically significant differences in all four parameters, consistent with HD development (P<0.05). In the histopathologic evaluation, the ISHI group showed a higher severity of cartilage damage and chondrocyte pathology with statistically significant differences when compared with the NH group (P<0.05). As a result, the proposed rabbit model can be recommended for HD studies aiming to test therapeutic responses to osteoarthritis in vivo, representing a valuable tool in veterinary research fields.</p>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"106308"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106306
Didik T. Subekti , Sulinawati Fong , Dyah A. Kurniawati , Nur Jannah , Ichwan Yuniarto , Lucia T. Suwanti , Sunarno Sunarno , Mufasirin Mufasirin , Ali Rohman
Trypanosoma evansi and Trypanosoma equiperdum are very difficult to distinguish morphologically. However, molecular identification algorithms sequentially using Mini and Maxi primers can distinguish the two species. Duplex polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) facilitates simultaneous amplification but is difficult to visualize with gel electrophoresis because it produces overlapping amplicons. Meanwhile, recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) samples using two pairs of primers must be incubated separately due to differences in incubation temperature. This study aimed to evaluate the initial use of duplex lateral flow immunoassay (dLFIA) to distinguish T. evansi and T. equiperdum. The dPCR was performed by mixing two pairs of primers with the DNA template in one master mix tube, while for RPA, the Mini primer was incubated at 40 °C for 30 minutes and the Maxi at 42 °C for 60 minutes. The dPCR product was diluted and dropped onto the sample pad of dLFIA, while the RPA products were diluted and mixed before being dropped onto the sample pad. The results showed that dPCR had a limit of detection for nucleic acids of 102 trypanosomes/mL, while that of RPA was only 103 trypanosomes/mL. The highest agreement coefficient for trypanosome detection between dPCR-dLFIA and RPA-dLFIA was 0.875, while that for trypanosome identification and differentiation was 0.571. dLFIA revealed separate bands of the two amplicons from dPCR using Mini and Maxi primers, unlike agarose gel electrophoresis. Thus, dPCR-dLFIA successfully identified T. evansi and T. equiperdum. On the other hand, RPA-dLFIA needs further improvement to reduce species misidentification and increase its agreement with dPCR-dLFIA.
{"title":"Nucleic acid amplification–lateral flow immunoassay (NAA-LFIA) for the rapid differentiation of Trypanosoma evansi and Trypanosoma equiperdum","authors":"Didik T. Subekti , Sulinawati Fong , Dyah A. Kurniawati , Nur Jannah , Ichwan Yuniarto , Lucia T. Suwanti , Sunarno Sunarno , Mufasirin Mufasirin , Ali Rohman","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106306","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106306","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Trypanosoma evansi</em> and <em>Trypanosoma equiperdum</em> are very difficult to distinguish morphologically. However, molecular identification algorithms sequentially using Mini and Maxi primers can distinguish the two species. Duplex polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) facilitates simultaneous amplification but is difficult to visualize with gel electrophoresis because it produces overlapping amplicons. Meanwhile, recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) samples using two pairs of primers must be incubated separately due to differences in incubation temperature. This study aimed to evaluate the initial use of duplex lateral flow immunoassay (dLFIA) to distinguish <em>T. evansi</em> and <em>T. equiperdum</em>. The dPCR was performed by mixing two pairs of primers with the DNA template in one master mix tube, while for RPA, the Mini primer was incubated at 40 °C for 30 minutes and the Maxi at 42 °C for 60 minutes. The dPCR product was diluted and dropped onto the sample pad of dLFIA, while the RPA products were diluted and mixed before being dropped onto the sample pad. The results showed that dPCR had a limit of detection for nucleic acids of 10<sup>2</sup> trypanosomes/mL, while that of RPA was only 10<sup>3</sup> trypanosomes/mL. The highest agreement coefficient for trypanosome detection between dPCR-dLFIA and RPA-dLFIA was 0.875, while that for trypanosome identification and differentiation was 0.571. dLFIA revealed separate bands of the two amplicons from dPCR using Mini and Maxi primers, unlike agarose gel electrophoresis. Thus, dPCR-dLFIA successfully identified <em>T. evansi</em> and <em>T. equiperdum</em>. On the other hand, RPA-dLFIA needs further improvement to reduce species misidentification and increase its agreement with dPCR-dLFIA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"310 ","pages":"Article 106306"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143075722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-29DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106307
Nan Niu , Lei-Na Dou , Shuo Yang , Hai-Xin Wang , Shen Zhuang , Yun-Peng Fan , Ying- Qiu Liu , Wei-Min Zhang , Wu-Ren Ma
Zoonotic transmission from pets to their owners is a major health problem. It is important to determine and control the drug resistance in pets to mitigate risks of human transmission. In this work, the current prevalence of multi-drug resistance (MDR) and resistance gene in Escherichia coli (E. coli) derived from dogs in nine cities across various regions of China initially evaluated using microfluidic dilution methods and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology. To control antibiotic resistance, genipin as natural product was used to combat MDR E. coli. Finally, the synergistic effect of genipin and norfloxacin on MDR E. coli was studied using time-kill curves to retard the resistance spread. A total of 126 E. coli strains were isolated from 154 collected fecal samples of dogs. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) results revealed that the highest detection rate of MDR E. coli appeared in Zhengzhou at 90.9 %, and the lowest in Shenyang at 10.0 %. The results of drug resistance gene testing indicated that the blaTEM gene had the highest detection rate (99.2 %), then tetA and blaCTX-M-1, whose detection rates all exceed 50 %. Furthermore, the MIC of genipin against MDR E. coli was found to be 4096 μg/mL, and genipin at ½ MIC demonstrated significant inhibition on MDR E. coli within 6 h. Finally, the combination of ¼ MIC genipin with ½ MIC norfloxacin showed partial synergistic inhibitory effect on MDR E. coli. Our findings suggest that although antibiotic resistance in canine origin E. coli varies across different regions of China, it remains concerning, and genipin shows potential as a treatment option for MDR E. coli infections.
{"title":"Drug resistance detection of canine origin Escherichia coli in China and inhibition by genipin","authors":"Nan Niu , Lei-Na Dou , Shuo Yang , Hai-Xin Wang , Shen Zhuang , Yun-Peng Fan , Ying- Qiu Liu , Wei-Min Zhang , Wu-Ren Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zoonotic transmission from pets to their owners is a major health problem. It is important to determine and control the drug resistance in pets to mitigate risks of human transmission. In this work, the current prevalence of multi-drug resistance (MDR) and resistance gene in <em>Escherichia coli</em> (<em>E. coli</em>) derived from dogs in nine cities across various regions of China initially evaluated using microfluidic dilution methods and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology. To control antibiotic resistance, genipin as natural product was used to combat MDR <em>E. coli.</em> Finally, the synergistic effect of genipin and norfloxacin on MDR <em>E. coli</em> was studied using time-kill curves to retard the resistance spread. A total of 126 <em>E. coli</em> strains were isolated from 154 collected fecal samples of dogs. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) results revealed that the highest detection rate of MDR <em>E. coli</em> appeared in Zhengzhou at 90.9 %, and the lowest in Shenyang at 10.0 %. The results of drug resistance gene testing indicated that the <em>bla</em><sub><em>TEM</em></sub> gene had the highest detection rate (99.2 %), then <em>tetA</em> and <em>bla</em><sub><em>CTX-M-1</em></sub>, whose detection rates all exceed 50 %. Furthermore, the MIC of genipin against MDR <em>E. coli</em> was found to be 4096 μg/mL, and genipin at ½ MIC demonstrated significant inhibition on MDR <em>E. coli</em> within 6 h. Finally, the combination of ¼ MIC genipin with ½ MIC norfloxacin showed partial synergistic inhibitory effect on MDR <em>E. coli</em>. Our findings suggest that although antibiotic resistance in canine origin <em>E. coli</em> varies across different regions of China, it remains concerning, and genipin shows potential as a treatment option for MDR <em>E. coli</em> infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"310 ","pages":"Article 106307"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143075721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106298
Tiziana Bassan, Josep Pastor, Javier Martinez-Caro, Beatriz Agulla, Jaume Martorell
Blood sampling and analysis are essential procedures for assessing the health status of exotic pets. While careful manual restraint is generally recommended, sedation may be necessary in specific cases. However, the use of chemical restraint may introduce analytical variations. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of sedation with butorphanol, midazolam, ketamine and dexmedetomidine on haematological, biochemical and coagulation parameters (prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and fibrinogen), as well as thromboelastography in adult healthy New Zealand rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Two groups of adult New Zealand rabbits, housed under identical conditions and considered healthy based on normal physical examination and unremarkable clinical histories, were included in the study. The non-sedated group comprised ten rabbits, while the sedated group consisted of fifteen. Blood samples were collected via jugular venipuncture, and haematological, biochemical and coagulation profiles were performed. In conclusion, some variation in haematological and biochemical values were observed depending on sex and/or sedation protocols. Sex can influence haematology in terms of haemoglobin concentration, lymphocyte and platelet count; biochemistry in alanine aminotransferase, chloride, gamma-glutamyl transferase, potassium, sodium, calcium, total cholesterol, urea nitrogen, but not in coagulation parameters. Meanwhile, sedation can affect haematology in terms of leucocyte and lymphocyte count and biochemistry in total bilirubin, calcium, total protein, sodium, albumin, glucose, creatinine, phosphorous. Plasma-based coagulation assays showed increased prolongation of aPTT and PT, although these changes do not seem to be clinically relevant. There were no changes observed in thromboelastographic parameters.
{"title":"Effects of Sedation on Haematological, Biochemical, Coagulation Profile, and Kaolin-Activated Thromboelastography in Rabbits.","authors":"Tiziana Bassan, Josep Pastor, Javier Martinez-Caro, Beatriz Agulla, Jaume Martorell","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106298","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Blood sampling and analysis are essential procedures for assessing the health status of exotic pets. While careful manual restraint is generally recommended, sedation may be necessary in specific cases. However, the use of chemical restraint may introduce analytical variations. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of sedation with butorphanol, midazolam, ketamine and dexmedetomidine on haematological, biochemical and coagulation parameters (prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and fibrinogen), as well as thromboelastography in adult healthy New Zealand rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Two groups of adult New Zealand rabbits, housed under identical conditions and considered healthy based on normal physical examination and unremarkable clinical histories, were included in the study. The non-sedated group comprised ten rabbits, while the sedated group consisted of fifteen. Blood samples were collected via jugular venipuncture, and haematological, biochemical and coagulation profiles were performed. In conclusion, some variation in haematological and biochemical values were observed depending on sex and/or sedation protocols. Sex can influence haematology in terms of haemoglobin concentration, lymphocyte and platelet count; biochemistry in alanine aminotransferase, chloride, gamma-glutamyl transferase, potassium, sodium, calcium, total cholesterol, urea nitrogen, but not in coagulation parameters. Meanwhile, sedation can affect haematology in terms of leucocyte and lymphocyte count and biochemistry in total bilirubin, calcium, total protein, sodium, albumin, glucose, creatinine, phosphorous. Plasma-based coagulation assays showed increased prolongation of aPTT and PT, although these changes do not seem to be clinically relevant. There were no changes observed in thromboelastographic parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"106298"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143041899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106303
Gebremeskel Mamu Werid , Yassein M. Ibrahim , Gebrerufael Girmay , Farhid Hemmatzadeh , Darren Miller , Roy Kirkwood , Kiro Petrovski
Bovine adenoviruses (BAdVs) are major contributors to the bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC). A systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out to explore the epidemiology of BAdV across diverse cattle populations using different detection methods. The study showed a higher BAdV prevalence of 0.66 in general cattle populations using antibody detection, compared with 0.28 in cattle showing clinical signs. The study identified significant prevalence differences between BAdV-3 (0.87) and BAdV-7 (0.21) in general cattle populations. However, in clinical cattle, BAdV-3 and BAdV-7 showed similar prevalence at 0.27 and 0.32, respectively. Moreover, a high herd-based BAdV seroprevalence of 0.82 was observed. When nucleic acid detection methods were used in general cattle populations, a lower BAdV (0.05) prevalence was observed, in contrast to the higher prevalence (0.32) in cattle exhibiting clinical signs. In contrast, using antigen detection in cattle with clinical signs of disease showed a prevalence of 0.06, compared to 0.32 with nucleic acid methods, indicating detection method-specific sensitivity and specificity. The study also highlighted the role of BAdV in BRDC, particularly BAdV-3 and BAdV-7. Existing empirical evidence on BAdV epidemiology and pathobiology is scarce and requires further investigation; however, the current findings offer insights into the epidemiology of BAdV and its role in the BRDC, which could potentially inform and enhance disease control strategies.
{"title":"Bovine adenovirus prevalence and its role in bovine respiratory disease complex: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Gebremeskel Mamu Werid , Yassein M. Ibrahim , Gebrerufael Girmay , Farhid Hemmatzadeh , Darren Miller , Roy Kirkwood , Kiro Petrovski","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bovine adenoviruses (BAdVs) are major contributors to the bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC). A systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out to explore the epidemiology of BAdV across diverse cattle populations using different detection methods. The study showed a higher BAdV prevalence of 0.66 in general cattle populations using antibody detection, compared with 0.28 in cattle showing clinical signs. The study identified significant prevalence differences between BAdV-3 (0.87) and BAdV-7 (0.21) in general cattle populations. However, in clinical cattle, BAdV-3 and BAdV-7 showed similar prevalence at 0.27 and 0.32, respectively. Moreover, a high herd-based BAdV seroprevalence of 0.82 was observed. When nucleic acid detection methods were used in general cattle populations, a lower BAdV (0.05) prevalence was observed, in contrast to the higher prevalence (0.32) in cattle exhibiting clinical signs. In contrast, using antigen detection in cattle with clinical signs of disease showed a prevalence of 0.06, compared to 0.32 with nucleic acid methods, indicating detection method-specific sensitivity and specificity. The study also highlighted the role of BAdV in BRDC, particularly BAdV-3 and BAdV-7. Existing empirical evidence on BAdV epidemiology and pathobiology is scarce and requires further investigation; however, the current findings offer insights into the epidemiology of BAdV and its role in the BRDC, which could potentially inform and enhance disease control strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"310 ","pages":"Article 106303"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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