Horses maintained outdoors may experience a lower-allergenic environment compared to their stabled counterparts. This study hypothesizes that climatic changes in southern Brazil can influence respiratory status. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated the lower airways of 17 horses from a teaching herd in southern Brazil, maintained outdoors, during winter, spring, and summer. Except for one mare with a history of severe asthma, all horses were considered healthy and underwent a physical examination. Airway endoscopic evaluation included scoring for tracheal mucus (0−5) and bronchial septum thickness (1−5). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected at three time points, while bronchial septum biopsies were performed during spring and summer for airway epithelial investigation. Data analysis involved repeated measures ANOVA and Wilcoxon tests (p < 0.05). Tracheal mucus score and septal thickness did not differ across investigation periods. In BALF cytology, the mean percentage of neutrophils was higher in spring than summer (7.9 ± 13.4 % vs. 4.5 ± 11.7 %, P = 0.037), and eosinophil count was higher in winter than spring (0.64 ± 1.29 % vs. 0.03 ± 0.13 %, P = 0.034) and summer (0.64 ± 1.29 % vs. 0.14 ± 0.60 %, P = 0.023). Histopathological observations showed no differences between time points, and no correlations were observed with BALF analyses (P > 0.05). This study demonstrates that, even in an outdoor environment, horses' airways exhibit cytological modifications associated with different seasons, indicating a need for deeper investigation; endobronchial biopsy did not contribute to the clinical diagnosis.
{"title":"Influence of climatic changes on respiratory health in a teaching herd of outdoor-housed horses","authors":"Stefano Strano Calomeno , Thasla de Freitas Santi , Bianca Barbosa , Saulo Henrique Weber , Tiago Marcelo Oliveira , Gisele Fabrino Machado , Pedro Vicente Michelotto","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Horses maintained outdoors may experience a lower-allergenic environment compared to their stabled counterparts. This study hypothesizes that climatic changes in southern Brazil can influence respiratory status. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated the lower airways of 17 horses from a teaching herd in southern Brazil, maintained outdoors, during winter, spring, and summer. Except for one mare with a history of severe asthma, all horses were considered healthy and underwent a physical examination. Airway endoscopic evaluation included scoring for tracheal mucus (0−5) and bronchial septum thickness (1−5). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected at three time points, while bronchial septum biopsies were performed during spring and summer for airway epithelial investigation. Data analysis involved repeated measures ANOVA and Wilcoxon tests (p < 0.05). Tracheal mucus score and septal thickness did not differ across investigation periods. In BALF cytology, the mean percentage of neutrophils was higher in spring than summer (7.9 ± 13.4 % vs. 4.5 ± 11.7 %, <em>P</em> = 0.037), and eosinophil count was higher in winter than spring (0.64 ± 1.29 % vs. 0.03 ± 0.13 %, <em>P</em> = 0.034) and summer (0.64 ± 1.29 % vs. 0.14 ± 0.60 %, <em>P</em> = 0.023). Histopathological observations showed no differences between time points, and no correlations were observed with BALF analyses (<em>P</em> > 0.05). This study demonstrates that, even in an outdoor environment, horses' airways exhibit cytological modifications associated with different seasons, indicating a need for deeper investigation; endobronchial biopsy did not contribute to the clinical diagnosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"307 ","pages":"Article 106198"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141767441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106207
Sandra Bendig , Pablo Jesús Marín-García , Ana Lesta , Juan José Ramos , Guillem Ruvira , Lola Llobat
Myostatin is a growth factor related to muscular mass atrophy via mTOR pathway inhibition. Mutations in this gene have been correlated with high muscular mass development in different species of mammals, including human and dogs. Different studies have shown that sport practice increases myostatin gene expression. Some of them were conducted in canine breeds selected for different sport practices, including mushing sports. In this study, body weight, muscular mass, and serum levels of myostatin were analysed in different canine breeds, selected, and not selected for sprint and middle-distance racing, and the effect on epidemiological factors was evaluated. Sex, reproductive status, and canine breed affects body weight and muscular mass, being higher in males, and in sled canine breed. Age has an effect in body weight and myostatin serum levels, being lower in elder dogs. Sport practice and type of diet had an effect in muscular mass development but not in myostatin serum levels. Results showed a high positive correlation between muscular mass and body weight but not with myostatin levels. These results suggest that independent-myostatin mechanisms of mTOR pathway regulation could be related to muscular mass development in dogs.
{"title":"Myostatin serum levels depends on age and diet in athletic and no athletic dogs","authors":"Sandra Bendig , Pablo Jesús Marín-García , Ana Lesta , Juan José Ramos , Guillem Ruvira , Lola Llobat","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Myostatin is a growth factor related to muscular mass atrophy via mTOR pathway inhibition. Mutations in this gene have been correlated with high muscular mass development in different species of mammals, including human and dogs. Different studies have shown that sport practice increases myostatin gene expression. Some of them were conducted in canine breeds selected for different sport practices, including mushing sports. In this study, body weight, muscular mass, and serum levels of myostatin were analysed in different canine breeds, selected, and not selected for sprint and middle-distance racing, and the effect on epidemiological factors was evaluated. Sex, reproductive status, and canine breed affects body weight and muscular mass, being higher in males, and in sled canine breed. Age has an effect in body weight and myostatin serum levels, being lower in elder dogs. Sport practice and type of diet had an effect in muscular mass development but not in myostatin serum levels. Results showed a high positive correlation between muscular mass and body weight but not with myostatin levels. These results suggest that independent-myostatin mechanisms of mTOR pathway regulation could be related to muscular mass development in dogs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"307 ","pages":"Article 106207"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1090023324001461/pdfft?md5=1ec684a3862062cf7d98fee3482d4c4f&pid=1-s2.0-S1090023324001461-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141761231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106205
H.R. Sohrabi , T. Amirabadi Farahani , S. Karimi-Dehkordi , N.E. Farsuni
<div><p>The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of serum calcium (Ca) status in the early postpartum period on the quantity and quality of colostrum, milk production, and the health of Holstein dams and their calves. One hundred multiparous Holstein cows were enrolled in this study. To determine serum Ca status, blood samples were taken at 1 and 4 days in milk (DIM). Cows were categorized into 1 of 4 groups based on their serum Ca concentrations: normocalcemic (CON; Ca >1.87 at 1 DIM and >2.10 mmol/L at 4 DIM, n = 36), transient SCH (TSCH; Ca ≤1.87 at 1 DIM and >2.10 mmol/L at 4 DIM, n = 14), persistent SCH (PSCH; Ca ≤1.87 at 1 DIM and ≤2.10 mmol/L at 4 DIM, n = 15), or delayed SCH (DSCH; Ca >1.87 at 1 DIM and ≤2.10 mmol/L at 4 DIM, n = 35). The ROC curve was utilized to determine the optimal cut-off value for serum total Ca, maximizing both sensitivity and specificity in predicting metritis. Metabolic disorders such as dystocia, retained placenta, and culling within 60 DIM were not affected by serum Ca status in the early postpartum period (<em>P</em> > 0.10). However, the incidences of metritis and endometritis were different based on the serum Ca status of the cows. The PSCH cows had a higher incidence of metritis than the CON cows (<em>P</em> = 0.05). Also, the DSCH cows tended to have an increased risk of metritis than the CON cows (<em>P</em> = 0.09). However, metritis incidence in the TSCH and CON cows was similar (<em>P</em> = 0.83). Cows with PSCH (<em>P</em> = 0.07) and DSCH (<em>P</em> = 0.10) tended to be at a higher risk for endometritis than the CON cows. But, the incidence of endometritis in the TSCH and CON cows was not different (<em>P</em> = 0.50). The TSCH cows had higher milk yield than the PSCH and DSCH cows (<em>P</em> = 0.05). However, milk yield was not different between the TSCH and CON cows and the PSCH and DSCH and CON cows. The serum Ca status of cows had no effect on colostrum volume and its quality, age and weight of weaning, and average daily gain of calves (<em>P</em> > 0.10). The proportion of calves experiencing failure of passive transfer (FPT) was greater in the PSCH group than in the CON group (<em>P</em> = 0.03). Also, the FPT tended to be higher in the DSCH calves compared to the CON calves (<em>P</em> = 0.10). However, the FPT in the TSCH and CON calves was not different (<em>P</em> = 0.83). The incidence of diarrhea tended to be higher in the PSCH and DSCH calves compared to the CON calves (<em>P</em> = 0.10). However, diarrhea incidence between the TSCH and CON calves was similar (<em>P</em> = 0.97). Overall, the findings of this study suggest that cows with TSCH showed better adaptation to lactation, experienced a lower occurrence of diseases and produced higher milk compared to PSCH and DSCH cows. Furthermore, despite the similar quantity and quality of colostrum across all groups, the PSCH and DSCH groups displayed a greater proportion of calves experiencing FPT and diar
本研究旨在评估产后早期血清钙（Ca）状态对初乳数量和质量、产奶量以及荷斯坦母牛及其犊牛健康的影响。100 头多产荷斯坦奶牛参加了这项研究。为确定血清钙含量状况，分别在奶牛产奶 1 天和 4 天时采集血液样本。根据奶牛的血清钙浓度将其分为 4 组：正常钙血症组（CON；1 DIM 时 Ca >1.87，4 DIM 时 Ca >2.10mmol/L，n = 36）、短暂钙血症组（TSCH；1 DIM 时 Ca ≤1.1 DIM 时 Ca ≤1.87，4 DIM 时 Ca ＞2.10mmol/L，n = 14）、持续性 SCH（PSCH；1 DIM 时 Ca ≤1.87，4 DIM 时 Ca ≤2.10mmol/L，n = 15）或延迟性 SCH（DSCH；1 DIM 时 Ca ＞1.87，4 DIM 时 Ca ≤2.10mmol/L，n = 35）。利用 ROC 曲线确定血清总钙的最佳临界值，以最大限度地提高预测玄色素瘤的灵敏度和特异性。产后早期的血清钙含量对子宫收缩、胎盘滞留和60 DIM内的宰杀等代谢紊乱没有影响（P > 0.10）。然而，根据奶牛血清钙含量的不同，子宫炎和子宫内膜炎的发病率也不同。PSCH奶牛的元气大伤发病率高于CON奶牛（P = 0.05）。此外，DSCH奶牛患子宫炎的风险也比CON奶牛高（P = 0.09）。然而，TSCH和CON奶牛的元气大伤发病率相似（P = 0.83）。患有 PSCH（P = 0.07）和 DSCH（P = 0.10）的奶牛患子宫内膜炎的风险往往高于 CON 奶牛。但是，TSCH和CON奶牛的子宫内膜炎发病率没有差异（P = 0.50）。TSCH 奶牛的产奶量高于 PSCH 和 DSCH 奶牛（P = 0.05）。然而，TSCH 和 CON 奶牛的产奶量与 PSCH 和 DSCH 和 CON 奶牛的产奶量没有差异。奶牛的血清钙含量对初乳量及其质量、断奶年龄和体重以及犊牛的平均日增重没有影响（P > 0.10）。PSCH 组出现被动转移失败（FPT）的犊牛比例高于 CON 组（P = 0.03）。此外，与 CON 组相比，DSCH 组小牛的 FPT 往往更高（P = 0.10）。但是，TSCH 组和 CON 组犊牛的 FPT 没有差异（P = 0.83）。与CON犊牛相比，PSCH和DSCH犊牛的腹泻发生率更高（P = 0.10）。但是，TSCH 和 CON 小牛的腹泻发生率相似（P = 0.97）。总之，本研究结果表明，与 PSCH 和 DSCH 奶牛相比，TSCH 奶牛的泌乳适应性更好，疾病发生率更低，产奶量更高。此外，尽管各组初乳的数量和质量相似，但与 TSCH 组相比，PSCH 组和 DSCH 组出现 FPT 和腹泻的犊牛比例更高。
{"title":"Association of different classifications of hypocalcemia with quantity and quality of colostrum, milk production, and health of Holstein dams and their calves","authors":"H.R. Sohrabi , T. Amirabadi Farahani , S. Karimi-Dehkordi , N.E. Farsuni","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of serum calcium (Ca) status in the early postpartum period on the quantity and quality of colostrum, milk production, and the health of Holstein dams and their calves. One hundred multiparous Holstein cows were enrolled in this study. To determine serum Ca status, blood samples were taken at 1 and 4 days in milk (DIM). Cows were categorized into 1 of 4 groups based on their serum Ca concentrations: normocalcemic (CON; Ca >1.87 at 1 DIM and >2.10 mmol/L at 4 DIM, n = 36), transient SCH (TSCH; Ca ≤1.87 at 1 DIM and >2.10 mmol/L at 4 DIM, n = 14), persistent SCH (PSCH; Ca ≤1.87 at 1 DIM and ≤2.10 mmol/L at 4 DIM, n = 15), or delayed SCH (DSCH; Ca >1.87 at 1 DIM and ≤2.10 mmol/L at 4 DIM, n = 35). The ROC curve was utilized to determine the optimal cut-off value for serum total Ca, maximizing both sensitivity and specificity in predicting metritis. Metabolic disorders such as dystocia, retained placenta, and culling within 60 DIM were not affected by serum Ca status in the early postpartum period (<em>P</em> > 0.10). However, the incidences of metritis and endometritis were different based on the serum Ca status of the cows. The PSCH cows had a higher incidence of metritis than the CON cows (<em>P</em> = 0.05). Also, the DSCH cows tended to have an increased risk of metritis than the CON cows (<em>P</em> = 0.09). However, metritis incidence in the TSCH and CON cows was similar (<em>P</em> = 0.83). Cows with PSCH (<em>P</em> = 0.07) and DSCH (<em>P</em> = 0.10) tended to be at a higher risk for endometritis than the CON cows. But, the incidence of endometritis in the TSCH and CON cows was not different (<em>P</em> = 0.50). The TSCH cows had higher milk yield than the PSCH and DSCH cows (<em>P</em> = 0.05). However, milk yield was not different between the TSCH and CON cows and the PSCH and DSCH and CON cows. The serum Ca status of cows had no effect on colostrum volume and its quality, age and weight of weaning, and average daily gain of calves (<em>P</em> > 0.10). The proportion of calves experiencing failure of passive transfer (FPT) was greater in the PSCH group than in the CON group (<em>P</em> = 0.03). Also, the FPT tended to be higher in the DSCH calves compared to the CON calves (<em>P</em> = 0.10). However, the FPT in the TSCH and CON calves was not different (<em>P</em> = 0.83). The incidence of diarrhea tended to be higher in the PSCH and DSCH calves compared to the CON calves (<em>P</em> = 0.10). However, diarrhea incidence between the TSCH and CON calves was similar (<em>P</em> = 0.97). Overall, the findings of this study suggest that cows with TSCH showed better adaptation to lactation, experienced a lower occurrence of diseases and produced higher milk compared to PSCH and DSCH cows. Furthermore, despite the similar quantity and quality of colostrum across all groups, the PSCH and DSCH groups displayed a greater proportion of calves experiencing FPT and diar","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"307 ","pages":"Article 106205"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141767440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106206
S. Leelakajornkit , P. Kamdee , S. Ponglowhapan
Gaining insights into the opinions and attitudes of veterinarians is essential for enhancing the sterilization rate, given their influential role in guiding pet owners. This study investigated the attitudes and practices of Thai veterinarians concerning surgical sterilization in dogs and cats. The survey was conducted from August 2022 to December 2022 and distributed through online and on-site questionnaires across all regions of Thailand. Seven hundred twenty-four veterinarians participated. A strong inclination toward sterilization for population control with a notable preference for female animals was revealed. The factors related to the necessity of sterilization in the opinion of Thai veterinarians were gender, age of veterinarians, and animal sex (P<0.05). Male veterinarians tended to assign less importance to sterilization, especially for male dogs (OR = 0.824), compared to their female counterparts. Older veterinarians tended to prioritize sterilization less than younger ones (OR = 0.985). Regarding animal’s sex, a preference for sterilizing females over males in both dogs and cats (OR = 0.291) was observed. Encouraging sterilization should be promoted equally among veterinarians of both genders, with particular emphasis on older male veterinary practitioners. Most veterinarians recommended sterilization between 4 and 6 months for female cats and 7–10 months for male cats, male dogs and female dogs. Overall, mean agreement scores for prepubertal gonadectomy were significantly higher (P<0.05) for female dogs and cats, and the only significant factor associated with these scores was the animal's sex. Veterinarians expressed more disagreement with prepubertal sterilization in males compared to females, with an OR of 0.33. There were some concerns in prepubertal sterilization such as growth and development problems, anesthesia risks, and urinary tract disorders. These insights observed in Thailand hold potential implications for other countries facing similar challenges in effectively managing pet overpopulation.
{"title":"Unlocking perspectives on surgical sterilization in dogs and cats: A comprehensive study among Thai veterinary professionals","authors":"S. Leelakajornkit , P. Kamdee , S. Ponglowhapan","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Gaining insights into the opinions and attitudes of veterinarians is essential for enhancing the sterilization rate, given their influential role in guiding pet owners. This study investigated the attitudes and practices of Thai veterinarians concerning surgical sterilization in dogs and cats. The survey was conducted from August 2022 to December 2022 and distributed through online and on-site questionnaires across all regions of Thailand. Seven hundred twenty-four veterinarians participated. A strong inclination toward sterilization for population control with a notable preference for female animals was revealed. The factors related to the necessity of sterilization in the opinion of Thai veterinarians were gender, age of veterinarians, and animal sex (P<0.05). Male veterinarians tended to assign less importance to sterilization, especially for male dogs (OR = 0.824), compared to their female counterparts. Older veterinarians tended to prioritize sterilization less than younger ones (OR = 0.985). Regarding animal’s sex, a preference for sterilizing females over males in both dogs and cats (OR = 0.291) was observed. Encouraging sterilization should be promoted equally among veterinarians of both genders, with particular emphasis on older male veterinary practitioners. Most veterinarians recommended sterilization between 4 and 6 months for female cats and 7–10 months for male cats, male dogs and female dogs. Overall, mean agreement scores for prepubertal gonadectomy were significantly higher (P<0.05) for female dogs and cats, and the only significant factor associated with these scores was the animal's sex. Veterinarians expressed more disagreement with prepubertal sterilization in males compared to females, with an OR of 0.33. There were some concerns in prepubertal sterilization such as growth and development problems, anesthesia risks, and urinary tract disorders. These insights observed in Thailand hold potential implications for other countries facing similar challenges in effectively managing pet overpopulation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"307 ","pages":"Article 106206"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141761232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-20DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106199
Huimin Zhang , Xue Li , Xinru Lv , Yaqi Han , Jiawei Zheng , Linzhu Ren
Porcine circoviruses (PCVs) contain four types: PCV1, PCV2, PCV3, and PCV4, all of which can infect pigs. Among them, PCV1 is non-pathogenic, and PCV2 can cause porcine circovirus diseases (PCVD) or porcine circovirus-associated diseases (PCVAD). Although the pathogenicity of PCV3 and PCV4 is still controversial, increasing evidence shows that PCV3 and PCV4 can cause PCV-related disease. However, mixed infection of PCV2, PCV3, and PCV4 with other pathogens often occurs in large-scale pig breeding, bringing severe economic losses to the global pig industry. In this study, the soluble recombinant proteins of PCV2, PCV3, and PCV4 Cap were expressed by the prokaryotic expression system and biotinylated to combine with the Streptavidin magnetic beads, followed by immunogenicity evaluation of the recombinant proteins. Furthermore, we also assessed the efficacy and immunogenicity of trivalent recombinant proteins conjugated with different adjuvants in mice. The results showed that the highly effective anti-PCV serum was successfully prepared, and the recombinant proteins conjugated with different adjuvants produced various degrees of humoral and cellular immunity in mice. Three recombinant proteins are effective immunogens, and the trivalent proteins coupled with the aluminum adjuvant or GM-CSF-CpG for two-dose immunization can stimulate prominent humoral and cellular immunity against PCVs in vivo. The soluble recombinant proteins are the most promising candidate for developing a trivalent vaccine against PCVs (PCV2, PCV3, and PCV4) infection simultaneously.
{"title":"Soluble expression and immunogenicity analysis of capsid proteins of porcine circoviruses types 2, 3, and 4","authors":"Huimin Zhang , Xue Li , Xinru Lv , Yaqi Han , Jiawei Zheng , Linzhu Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Porcine circoviruses (PCVs) contain four types: PCV1, PCV2, PCV3, and PCV4, all of which can infect pigs. Among them, PCV1 is non-pathogenic, and PCV2 can cause porcine circovirus diseases (PCVD) or porcine circovirus-associated diseases (PCVAD). Although the pathogenicity of PCV3 and PCV4 is still controversial, increasing evidence shows that PCV3 and PCV4 can cause PCV-related disease. However, mixed infection of PCV2, PCV3, and PCV4 with other pathogens often occurs in large-scale pig breeding, bringing severe economic losses to the global pig industry. In this study, the soluble recombinant proteins of PCV2, PCV3, and PCV4 Cap were expressed by the prokaryotic expression system and biotinylated to combine with the Streptavidin magnetic beads, followed by immunogenicity evaluation of the recombinant proteins. Furthermore, we also assessed the efficacy and immunogenicity of trivalent recombinant proteins conjugated with different adjuvants in mice. The results showed that the highly effective anti-PCV serum was successfully prepared, and the recombinant proteins conjugated with different adjuvants produced various degrees of humoral and cellular immunity in mice. Three recombinant proteins are effective immunogens, and the trivalent proteins coupled with the aluminum adjuvant or GM-CSF-CpG for two-dose immunization can stimulate prominent humoral and cellular immunity against PCVs <em>in vivo</em>. The soluble recombinant proteins are the most promising candidate for developing a trivalent vaccine against PCVs (PCV2, PCV3, and PCV4) infection simultaneously.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"307 ","pages":"Article 106199"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141749163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-14DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106196
V. Spiller , M. Vetter , C. Dettmer-Richardt , T. Grammel
Hemangiosarcoma is an aggressive tumour that most frequently occurs in larger, middle-aged dogs of certain breeds. The spleen is the most commonly affected organ. The aim of this prospective therapy study was to evaluate the clinical effect of autologous, monocyte-derived dendritic cell (DC) therapy in canine hemangiosarcoma stage II after splenectomy. Dogs (n=452) diagnosed with splenic hemangiosarcoma that underwent splenectomy were enrolled. Of these, 42 dogs with stage II entered the DC therapy study. The median survival time for the total group of 42 dogs was 203 days. The median survival for the group (n=34) that received the full DC therapy (≥3 vaccines) was 256 days, with a 29 % one-year survival rate and a hazard ratio of 0.30, adjusted to age and bodyweight (P=0.010). We further observed a significant increase in DC yield after each application and demonstrated that DC yield at the beginning of treatment is significantly related to patient survival. While further evidence is needed, we conclude that autologous, monocyte-derived DC therapy is a viable alternative to standard treatment methods of canine splenic stage II hemangiosarcoma.
血管肉瘤是一种侵袭性肿瘤，最常见于某些品种的大型中年犬。最常受影响的器官是脾脏。这项前瞻性治疗试验旨在评估自体单核细胞衍生树突状细胞（DC）疗法对脾脏切除术后的犬血管肉瘤 II 期的临床效果。研究人员对确诊患有脾脏血管肉瘤并接受了脾脏切除术的犬（n=452）进行了登记。其中，42 只患有 II 期的狗参加了直流电治疗试验。42只狗的中位生存时间为203天。接受全程直流电治疗（≥3次疫苗接种）组的中位生存期为256天，一年生存率为29%，根据年龄和体重调整后的危险比为0.30（P =0.010）。我们进一步观察到，每次应用后直流电产量都有明显增加，并证明治疗开始时的直流电产量与兽医患者的存活率显著相关。虽然还需要进一步的证据，但我们得出结论：自体单核细胞衍生 DC疗法是犬脾血管肉瘤标准疗法的可行替代疗法。
{"title":"Prospective study of successful autologous dendritic cell therapy in dogs with splenic stage II hemangiosarcoma","authors":"V. Spiller , M. Vetter , C. Dettmer-Richardt , T. Grammel","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hemangiosarcoma is an aggressive tumour that most frequently occurs in larger, middle-aged dogs of certain breeds. The spleen is the most commonly affected organ. The aim of this prospective therapy study was to evaluate the clinical effect of autologous, monocyte-derived dendritic cell (DC) therapy in canine hemangiosarcoma stage II after splenectomy. Dogs (<em>n</em>=452) diagnosed with splenic hemangiosarcoma that underwent splenectomy were enrolled. Of these, 42 dogs with stage II entered the DC therapy study. The median survival time for the total group of 42 dogs was 203 days. The median survival for the group (<em>n</em>=34) that received the full DC therapy (≥3 vaccines) was 256 days, with a 29 % one-year survival rate and a hazard ratio of 0.30, adjusted to age and bodyweight (<em>P</em>=0.010). We further observed a significant increase in DC yield after each application and demonstrated that DC yield at the beginning of treatment is significantly related to patient survival. While further evidence is needed, we conclude that autologous, monocyte-derived DC therapy is a viable alternative to standard treatment methods of canine splenic stage II hemangiosarcoma.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"306 ","pages":"Article 106196"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141617184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-14DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106195
Roberto Tamburro , Amanda Bianchi , Andrea Paolini , Laura Bongiovanni , Leonardo Della Salda , Francesco Collivignarelli , Gert W. Niebauer , Jorge Llinas Ceballos , Melissa Teofani , Roberto Bussadori
The elongated soft palate is an abnormality that characterizes most brachycephalic dogs and contributes to the brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS). Palatoplasty is routinely performed in brachycephalic dogs; several surgical techniques exist. The use of surgical instruments such as monopolar electrocoagulation, CO2 or diode laser, bipolar vessel sealing device and harmonic shears has become routine to reduce the operating time, the intraoperative risk of bleeding and the postoperative oedema. This prospective study aimed to compare the histomorphological effect of a CO2 laser and LigaSure device in palates of dogs undergoing palatoplasty. Twenty owned brachycephalic dogs were included, 10 palatoplasties were performed using CO2 laser and 10 using LigaSure™ device. The dogs were positioned in sternal recumbency. A transoral approach was performed: the elongated soft palate was grasped with Allis forceps and brought rostrally, the palatoplasty was performed using the tonsillar crypts as anatomical landmarks. Surgical specimens were routinely fixed in 10 % formalin. Two sections perpendicular to the surgical margins were trimmed from each sample, paraffin-embedded and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Tissue damage induced by the two types of surgical devices was graded (1–4, from minimal to severe) and the depth of thermal injury measured in μm on captured images (using an image analysis program - ImageJ). Mean values and standard deviations (SD) were calculated based on six measurements for each sample.
The tissue damage was graded 3.7±0.48 in group LigaSure™ and 2.8±1 in group Laser. The mean depth of thermal injury was 874.94±184.92 μm in the LigaSure™ group and 451,76±137,86 μm in the Laser group. The comparison between the two groups showed significant lower grade and extension of thermal injury in the palate samples obtained with CO2 laser (p<0.05).
Additionally, there is a lack of literature that correlates the histological changes with the clinical outcomes of the different palatoplasty methods in brachycephalic dogs. By comparing histological changes and clinical outcomes, we aim to provide valuable insights for optimizing the surgical approach for palatoplasty in brachycephalic dogs, ultimately improving postoperative outcomes for these patients.
{"title":"Histomorphological evaluation of thermal injury following palatoplasty performed with CO2 laser or LigaSure device in dogs with brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome","authors":"Roberto Tamburro , Amanda Bianchi , Andrea Paolini , Laura Bongiovanni , Leonardo Della Salda , Francesco Collivignarelli , Gert W. Niebauer , Jorge Llinas Ceballos , Melissa Teofani , Roberto Bussadori","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The elongated soft palate is an abnormality that characterizes most brachycephalic dogs and contributes to the brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS). Palatoplasty is routinely performed in brachycephalic dogs; several surgical techniques exist. The use of surgical instruments such as monopolar electrocoagulation, CO<sub>2</sub> or diode laser, bipolar vessel sealing device and harmonic shears has become routine to reduce the operating time, the intraoperative risk of bleeding and the postoperative oedema. This prospective study aimed to compare the histomorphological effect of a CO<sub>2</sub> laser and LigaSure device in palates of dogs undergoing palatoplasty. Twenty owned brachycephalic dogs were included, 10 palatoplasties were performed using CO<sub>2</sub> laser and 10 using LigaSure™ device. The dogs were positioned in sternal recumbency. A transoral approach was performed: the elongated soft palate was grasped with Allis forceps and brought rostrally, the palatoplasty was performed using the tonsillar crypts as anatomical landmarks. Surgical specimens were routinely fixed in 10 % formalin. Two sections perpendicular to the surgical margins were trimmed from each sample, paraffin-embedded and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Tissue damage induced by the two types of surgical devices was graded (1–4, from minimal to severe) and the depth of thermal injury measured in μm on captured images (using an image analysis program - ImageJ). Mean values and standard deviations (SD) were calculated based on six measurements for each sample.</p><p>The tissue damage was graded 3.7±0.48 in group LigaSure™ and 2.8±1 in group Laser. The mean depth of thermal injury was 874.94±184.92 μm in the LigaSure™ group and 451,76±137,86 μm in the Laser group. The comparison between the two groups showed significant lower grade and extension of thermal injury in the palate samples obtained with CO<sub>2</sub> laser (p<0.05).</p><p>Additionally, there is a lack of literature that correlates the histological changes with the clinical outcomes of the different palatoplasty methods in brachycephalic dogs. By comparing histological changes and clinical outcomes, we aim to provide valuable insights for optimizing the surgical approach for palatoplasty in brachycephalic dogs, ultimately improving postoperative outcomes for these patients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"307 ","pages":"Article 106195"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141604234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-11DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106197
Tingting Zhu, Hongri Ruan, Tiantian Wang, Yingchao Guo, Yun Liu
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common arthritis types in animals that causes persistent pain and reduces quality of life. Although a high-fat diet (HFD) is widely believed to induce obesity and have adverse effects on the body, the connection between HFD and joint health is not well understood. Therefore, in this study, 32 healthy male New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into four groups: healthy rabbits fed a standard diet (NDG, n=8) or an HFD (HDG, n=8), rabbits fed a standard diet (OAG, n=8) and an HFD (HOG, n=8), and arthritis was induced by intra-articular enzyme injection. After 12 weeks of HFD feeding, articular cartilage, synovium, and subchondral bone were isolated and collected. Joint tissue damage was evaluated using histopathological and imaging tests. The results showed that there was no significant difference in body weight between rabbits fed a normal diet and those fed an HFD. However, the HFD led to an increase in joint injuries in both induced and non-induced arthritis rabbits. Specifically, the HFD induced lipid metabolism disorders and liver damage in vivo, significantly elevating the levels of serum inflammatory cytokines and bone metabolism markers. Moreover, HFD exacerbated articular cartilage damage in the joints and increased the accumulation of inflammatory cells in synovial tissue, resulting in a notable increase in synovial macrophages and inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, HFD accelerated the bone resorption process in subchondral bone, leading to the destruction of bone mass and subchondral bone microstructure. In summary, the results of this study indicate that an HFD can cause histological damage to the articular cartilage, synovium, and subchondral bone in rabbits, exacerbating arthritis in pre-existing joint damage. Notably, weight is not the primary factor in this effect.
{"title":"An HFD negatively influences both joint and liver health in rabbits with and without an enzymatically-induced model of arthritis","authors":"Tingting Zhu, Hongri Ruan, Tiantian Wang, Yingchao Guo, Yun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common arthritis types in animals that causes persistent pain and reduces quality of life. Although a high-fat diet (HFD) is widely believed to induce obesity and have adverse effects on the body, the connection between HFD and joint health is not well understood. Therefore, in this study, 32 healthy male New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into four groups: healthy rabbits fed a standard diet (NDG, n=8) or an HFD (HDG, n=8), rabbits fed a standard diet (OAG, n=8) and an HFD (HOG, n=8), and arthritis was induced by intra-articular enzyme injection. After 12 weeks of HFD feeding, articular cartilage, synovium, and subchondral bone were isolated and collected. Joint tissue damage was evaluated using histopathological and imaging tests. The results showed that there was no significant difference in body weight between rabbits fed a normal diet and those fed an HFD. However, the HFD led to an increase in joint injuries in both induced and non-induced arthritis rabbits. Specifically, the HFD induced lipid metabolism disorders and liver damage in vivo, significantly elevating the levels of serum inflammatory cytokines and bone metabolism markers. Moreover, HFD exacerbated articular cartilage damage in the joints and increased the accumulation of inflammatory cells in synovial tissue, resulting in a notable increase in synovial macrophages and inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, HFD accelerated the bone resorption process in subchondral bone, leading to the destruction of bone mass and subchondral bone microstructure. In summary, the results of this study indicate that an HFD can cause histological damage to the articular cartilage, synovium, and subchondral bone in rabbits, exacerbating arthritis in pre-existing joint damage. Notably, weight is not the primary factor in this effect.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"306 ","pages":"Article 106197"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141601899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-08DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106194
I. Yánez-Ortiz , W. García , A. Tabarez , M.J. Palomo
In order to determine an effective procedure for explaining ram sperm cryoresistance and develop a new model for breeders classification, a retrospective study was conducted using sperm analysis data obtained over two consecutive years from a total of 82 sessions of ram semen cryopreservation. In each session, fresh ejaculates from eight males were collected via artificial vagina, pooled and frozen in liquid nitrogen vapors. After thawing, a total of 19,084 sperm tracks and 11,319 morphometric measurements were analysed. Clustering analyses were applied to establish motile and morphometric sperm subpopulations. Additionally, plasma and acrosome membrane integrity, as well mitochondrial activity using flow cytometry immediately after sperm thawing and following hypoosmotic shock test (HOST) was assessed. To develop a Ram Sperm Cryoresistance Index, Principal Component Analyses (PCA) using 22 variables were conducted. In the first PCA, the parameters that best explain cryoresistance include total motility (TM), motile subpopulation 2 (motSP2, which groups slow, very linear spermatozoa with low lateral head displacement), morphometric subpopulation 1 (morphSP1, grouping spermatozoa with the smallest head size and lowest shape values), sperm plasma membrane integrity immediately after thawing and following hypoosmotic shock test. These parameters collectively account for 77.34 % of the accumulated variance. To emphasize their importance, a second PCA was performed, revealing significant higher weighting coefficients for the quantity (TM) and quality (motSP2) of sperm movement after thawing, compared to the head size and shape of the thawed sperm (morphSP1). Furthermore, HOST Viability played a more decisive role than what was observed under isotonic conditions.
{"title":"The contribution of different sperm parameters to better explain ram semen cryoresistance","authors":"I. Yánez-Ortiz , W. García , A. Tabarez , M.J. Palomo","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106194","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106194","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In order to determine an effective procedure for explaining ram sperm cryoresistance and develop a new model for breeders classification, a retrospective study was conducted using sperm analysis data obtained over two consecutive years from a total of 82 sessions of ram semen cryopreservation. In each session, fresh ejaculates from eight males were collected via artificial vagina, pooled and frozen in liquid nitrogen vapors. After thawing, a total of 19,084 sperm tracks and 11,319 morphometric measurements were analysed. Clustering analyses were applied to establish motile and morphometric sperm subpopulations. Additionally, plasma and acrosome membrane integrity, as well mitochondrial activity using flow cytometry immediately after sperm thawing and following hypoosmotic shock test (HOST) was assessed. To develop a Ram Sperm Cryoresistance Index, Principal Component Analyses (PCA) using 22 variables were conducted. In the first PCA, the parameters that best explain cryoresistance include total motility (TM), motile subpopulation 2 (motSP2, which groups slow, very linear spermatozoa with low lateral head displacement), morphometric subpopulation 1 (morphSP1, grouping spermatozoa with the smallest head size and lowest shape values), sperm plasma membrane integrity immediately after thawing and following hypoosmotic shock test. These parameters collectively account for 77.34 % of the accumulated variance. To emphasize their importance, a second PCA was performed, revealing significant higher weighting coefficients for the quantity (TM) and quality (motSP2) of sperm movement after thawing, compared to the head size and shape of the thawed sperm (morphSP1). Furthermore, HOST Viability played a more decisive role than what was observed under isotonic conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"306 ","pages":"Article 106194"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1090023324001333/pdfft?md5=ef275f7c0d85453724f24aa7e7823a4b&pid=1-s2.0-S1090023324001333-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141580982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106192
Jun Ji , Hao Cui , Zhibin Zhang , Qiang Liu , Xin Xu , Kejing Zuo , Yingzuo Bi , Lunguang Yao
Bufavirus (BuV) was first identified in feces from children with acute diarrhea, and a genetically related Canine bufavirus (CBuV) was first reported in Italy in 2018. In this study, through the investigation of CBuV in 622 anal swabs from dogs with diarrhea symptoms collected from various provinces in northern, central and eastern China during 2018–2022, 14 samples were detected to be positive. And 5 samples were from dogs co-infected with other canine diarrhea related viruses, which consist of CPV-2, CDV and CCoV. The complete genome sequences (4219 nt) of the fourteen strains were amplified and sequenced. Through comparative analysis with 51 reference BuV strains, six strains might recombinate from the CBuV strains (HUN/2012/22, CaBuV/9AS/2005/ITA and CaBuV/35/2016/ITA) in Hungary and Italy as the parents, and two genetic recombination events from various parents were predicted to occur on the BUV-422 strain. Combined analyzing the phylogenetic tree and sequence alignment, it was found that these CBuVs are highly conserved in the nonstructural protein NS1, but indeed various amino acid mutation sites in the capsid protein VP2, and even some amino acid sites coincide with putative protein plastic regions and potential epitopes. The BUV-422 and BUV-512 strains show sequential mutation sites identical to the divergent strains of CaBuV/9AS/2005/ITA and CaBuV/35/2016/ITA. This study would enrich the molecular data of CBuV in China and provide essential reference for the epidemiological research and vaccine development of CBuV in the future.
{"title":"Genetic and recombination heterogeneity of canine bufaviruses detected in diarrheal dogs in China","authors":"Jun Ji , Hao Cui , Zhibin Zhang , Qiang Liu , Xin Xu , Kejing Zuo , Yingzuo Bi , Lunguang Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bufavirus (BuV) was first identified in feces from children with acute diarrhea, and a genetically related Canine bufavirus (CBuV) was first reported in Italy in 2018. In this study, through the investigation of CBuV in 622 anal swabs from dogs with diarrhea symptoms collected from various provinces in northern, central and eastern China during 2018–2022, 14 samples were detected to be positive. And 5 samples were from dogs co-infected with other canine diarrhea related viruses, which consist of CPV-2, CDV and CCoV. The complete genome sequences (4219 nt) of the fourteen strains were amplified and sequenced. Through comparative analysis with 51 reference BuV strains, six strains might recombinate from the CBuV strains (HUN/2012/22, CaBuV/9AS/2005/ITA and CaBuV/35/2016/ITA) in Hungary and Italy as the parents, and two genetic recombination events from various parents were predicted to occur on the BUV-422 strain. Combined analyzing the phylogenetic tree and sequence alignment, it was found that these CBuVs are highly conserved in the nonstructural protein NS1, but indeed various amino acid mutation sites in the capsid protein VP2, and even some amino acid sites coincide with putative protein plastic regions and potential epitopes. The BUV-422 and BUV-512 strains show sequential mutation sites identical to the divergent strains of CaBuV/9AS/2005/ITA and CaBuV/35/2016/ITA. This study would enrich the molecular data of CBuV in China and provide essential reference for the epidemiological research and vaccine development of CBuV in the future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"306 ","pages":"Article 106192"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141535423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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