Pub Date : 2026-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106559
Sofie Salden , Yangfeng Xu , Stefanie De Smet , Kathelijne Peremans , Sara De Witte , Andre Dobbeleir , Ann Van Eeckhaut , Jimmy H. Saunders , Anouck Haverbeke , Chris Baeken
Canine anxiety disorders significantly affect both pet dogs and their owners, highlighting the need for effective treatment approaches. Given the promising effects of accelerated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (arTMS) in human medicine, this study explores its effects as a potential intervention for canine anxiety disorders. In this open-label trial, 20 dogs diagnosed with an anxiety disorder underwent two accelerated high-frequency rTMS (aHF-rTMS) treatment courses targeting the left frontal cortex, administered one month apart. Behavioral assessments were conducted using the Canine Behavioral Assessment and Research Questionnaire (C-BARQ) at baseline and at multiple follow-up time points, while single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was used to measure regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). Following the second aHF-rTMS treatment course, significant reductions in social and nonsocial fear were detected, compared to baseline. In total, 56 % of the dogs were classified as responders, achieving a ≥ 20 % reduction in C-BARQ scores. SPECT imaging revealed progressive rCBF increases in the left frontal and subcortical regions in all dogs, while cerebellar perfusion changes were specific to responders only. No baseline factors reliably predicted treatment response. These findings suggest that aHF-rTMS can modulate brain perfusion and improve anxiety-related behaviors in dogs, positioning it as a promising therapeutic tool in veterinary behavioral medicine, while further bolstering the canine brain as a valid translational animal model for human noninvasive brain stimulation research.
{"title":"Rewiring canine anxiety: The impact of accelerated HF-rTMS on brain perfusion and behavioral outcomes in dogs","authors":"Sofie Salden , Yangfeng Xu , Stefanie De Smet , Kathelijne Peremans , Sara De Witte , Andre Dobbeleir , Ann Van Eeckhaut , Jimmy H. Saunders , Anouck Haverbeke , Chris Baeken","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106559","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106559","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Canine anxiety disorders significantly affect both pet dogs and their owners, highlighting the need for effective treatment approaches. Given the promising effects of accelerated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (arTMS) in human medicine, this study explores its effects as a potential intervention for canine anxiety disorders. In this open-label trial, 20 dogs diagnosed with an anxiety disorder underwent two accelerated high-frequency rTMS (aHF-rTMS) treatment courses targeting the left frontal cortex, administered one month apart. Behavioral assessments were conducted using the Canine Behavioral Assessment and Research Questionnaire (C-BARQ) at baseline and at multiple follow-up time points, while single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was used to measure regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). Following the second aHF-rTMS treatment course, significant reductions in social and nonsocial fear were detected, compared to baseline. In total, 56 % of the dogs were classified as responders, achieving a ≥ 20 % reduction in C-BARQ scores. SPECT imaging revealed progressive rCBF increases in the left frontal and subcortical regions in all dogs, while cerebellar perfusion changes were specific to responders only. No baseline factors reliably predicted treatment response. These findings suggest that aHF-rTMS can modulate brain perfusion and improve anxiety-related behaviors in dogs, positioning it as a promising therapeutic tool in veterinary behavioral medicine, while further bolstering the canine brain as a valid translational animal model for human noninvasive brain stimulation research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 106559"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145960297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106555
Richard M. Payne
The recovery of greyhounds post-race has important welfare implications, primarily to avoid over-running and prevent greyhounds with subclinical injuries from racing. Both situations could reasonably be expected to reduce speed, which may be identified by comparing the successive race performances of individual greyhounds. The focus of this analysis was on reportedly sound greyhounds. Thus, the hypothesis was that changes in speed could be linked with the inter-race intervals, and that shorter inter-race intervals would compromise glycogen restoration and therefore affect performance in subsequent races. A dataset contained 206,686 runs made by 12,883 reportedly sound GBGB-licenced greyhounds and was analysed using multilevel (mixed effects) models. Speed was slightly elevated above baseline from two days between races and declined over increasing inter-race periods up to 12 days between races. Inter-race intervals of two or more days had no biologically significant effects and were less than the normal variations in speed. Due to an absence of data for one day between races, this period could not be modelled. The findings are consistent with the fact that glycogen stores are normally restored by two days after fast exercise, and a ruling that greyhounds should not race more frequently than every fourth day is reasonable and would include greyhounds which might take slightly longer to recover. Performance depression after four days’ rest might suggest a subclinical injury. Expanded datasets are required to determine the effect of a one-day gap between races.
{"title":"Modelling speed and inter-race intervals to assess post-race recovery in racing greyhounds","authors":"Richard M. Payne","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106555","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106555","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The recovery of greyhounds post-race has important welfare implications, primarily to avoid over-running and prevent greyhounds with subclinical injuries from racing. Both situations could reasonably be expected to reduce speed, which may be identified by comparing the successive race performances of individual greyhounds. The focus of this analysis was on reportedly sound greyhounds. Thus, the hypothesis was that changes in speed could be linked with the inter-race intervals, and that shorter inter-race intervals would compromise glycogen restoration and therefore affect performance in subsequent races. A dataset contained 206,686 runs made by 12,883 reportedly sound GBGB-licenced greyhounds and was analysed using multilevel (mixed effects) models. Speed was slightly elevated above baseline from two days between races and declined over increasing inter-race periods up to 12 days between races. Inter-race intervals of two or more days had no biologically significant effects and were less than the normal variations in speed. Due to an absence of data for one day between races, this period could not be modelled. The findings are consistent with the fact that glycogen stores are normally restored by two days after fast exercise, and a ruling that greyhounds should not race more frequently than every fourth day is reasonable and would include greyhounds which might take slightly longer to recover. Performance depression after four days’ rest might suggest a subclinical injury. Expanded datasets are required to determine the effect of a one-day gap between races.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 106555"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145960146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106558
Soares KCRS, Roussouliéres IS, Barbosa CS, Lilenbaum W
Leptospirosis is a globally distributed zoonosis that affects livestock reproduction. The causative Leptospira spp. are highly adaptable and can colonize a wide range of hosts. Although the intraperitoneal (IP) route is commonly used in experimental models, it bypasses mucosal barriers and does not reflect natural transmission. In contrast, mucosal routes, such as the intravaginal (IVG) route, more closely mimic natural infection but remain poorly investigated. This study evaluated the IVG route as an experimental model for reproductive leptospirosis using adult female golden Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) inoculated with Leptospira santarosai serovar Guaricura via IVG or IP routes. To enhance susceptibility and standardization, IVG inoculations were performed exclusively during the proestrus or estrus stages, as determined by vaginal cytology. Animals were monitored for up to 40 days and assessed by serology and PCR. IVG-inoculated animals developed systemic infection and genital colonization, although bacteremia occurred later than in the IP group. Both groups elicited similar humoral immune responses from day 7 onward, with animals remaining seropositive until the end of the study. Renal and genital colonization was confirmed by PCR in both groups, with no significant differences. Importantly, 60 % of IVG-inoculated animals remained PCR-positive in genital tissues for up to 40 days, indicating persistent subclinical infection. No clinical signs were observed in any of the groups. The IVG route proved effective in establishing chronic infection and better simulates the natural course of animal genital leptospirosis, supporting its use as a physiologically relevant experimental model.
{"title":"The genital route in experimental infection with Leptospira spp. in hamsters as a model for genital leptospirosis","authors":"Soares KCRS, Roussouliéres IS, Barbosa CS, Lilenbaum W","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106558","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106558","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Leptospirosis is a globally distributed zoonosis that affects livestock reproduction. The causative <em>Leptospira</em> spp. are highly adaptable and can colonize a wide range of hosts. Although the intraperitoneal (IP) route is commonly used in experimental models, it bypasses mucosal barriers and does not reflect natural transmission. In contrast, mucosal routes, such as the intravaginal (IVG) route, more closely mimic natural infection but remain poorly investigated. This study evaluated the IVG route as an experimental model for reproductive leptospirosis using adult female golden Syrian hamsters (<em>Mesocricetus auratus</em>) inoculated with <em>Leptospira santarosai</em> serovar Guaricura via IVG or IP routes. To enhance susceptibility and standardization, IVG inoculations were performed exclusively during the proestrus or estrus stages, as determined by vaginal cytology. Animals were monitored for up to 40 days and assessed by serology and PCR. IVG-inoculated animals developed systemic infection and genital colonization, although bacteremia occurred later than in the IP group. Both groups elicited similar humoral immune responses from day 7 onward, with animals remaining seropositive until the end of the study. Renal and genital colonization was confirmed by PCR in both groups, with no significant differences. Importantly, 60 % of IVG-inoculated animals remained PCR-positive in genital tissues for up to 40 days, indicating persistent subclinical infection. No clinical signs were observed in any of the groups. The IVG route proved effective in establishing chronic infection and better simulates the natural course of animal genital leptospirosis, supporting its use as a physiologically relevant experimental model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 106558"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145960205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106556
Thi Hien Bui , Dinh Phung Le , Thi Dung Ho , Nguyen Van Chao , Hoang Son Hung Pham , Thi Hoa Nguyen , Van Dung Dinh , Anjan Mondal , Victor Nsereko , Duc Thao Le
This study investigated the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation-derived postbiotics (SCFP) on reproductive performance and immunity of sows and their offspring from gestation to weaning in a low biosecurity, small-scale pig production system. Ninety sows were randomly assigned to 3 treatments: a control group (CON; standard basal diet), β-glucan (BG; basal diet + 1.0 kg/MT β-glucan 50), and SCFP (basal diet + 2.0 kg/MT Diamond V XPC). The diets were provided to sows from the inseminated day until their piglets were weaned and to piglets from 10 days of age until weaning. Reproductive performance of sows was evaluated based on litter size at birth, 24 h postpartum, and at weaning; number of stillbirth and mummified piglets per sow; and piglets body weight at birth and at weaning. Blood samples were collected from sows to determine antibody titer against foot and mouth disease (FMD). Maternally derived antibody (MDA) against FMD and Mycoplasma hyopneumonia (M. hyopneumonia) after vaccination were also assessed in the piglets. Dietary supplementation of SCFP and BG in sows had no significant effect on reproductive performance (P > 0.05). BG also did not enhance the immune response to FMD vaccination (P >0.05) or the MDA levels of FMD in piglets. However, SCFP supplementation in sows significantly enhanced their immune response to FMD vaccination (P <0.05) but did not influence the passive immunity transfer to piglets. Furthermore, SCFP and BG supplementation in the diets of sows and their piglets did not significantly affect the piglets' immune response following M. hyopneumoniae vaccination. In summary, SCFP and BG showed minimal effects on reproductive performance and piglet immunity, while SCFP selectively enhanced the sows’ immune response to FMD vaccination without affecting passive immunity transfer to piglets.
{"title":"Saccharomyces cerevisiae postbiotics supplementation from gestation to weaning: Impacts on performance and immunity in pigs under low-biosecurity conditions","authors":"Thi Hien Bui , Dinh Phung Le , Thi Dung Ho , Nguyen Van Chao , Hoang Son Hung Pham , Thi Hoa Nguyen , Van Dung Dinh , Anjan Mondal , Victor Nsereko , Duc Thao Le","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106556","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106556","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the effects of <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em> fermentation-derived postbiotics (SCFP) on reproductive performance and immunity of sows and their offspring from gestation to weaning in a low biosecurity, small-scale pig production system. Ninety sows were randomly assigned to 3 treatments: a control group (CON; standard basal diet), β-glucan (BG; basal diet + 1.0 kg/MT β-glucan 50), and SCFP (basal diet + 2.0 kg/MT Diamond V XPC). The diets were provided to sows from the inseminated day until their piglets were weaned and to piglets from 10 days of age until weaning. Reproductive performance of sows was evaluated based on litter size at birth, 24 h postpartum, and at weaning; number of stillbirth and mummified piglets per sow; and piglets body weight at birth and at weaning. Blood samples were collected from sows to determine antibody titer against foot and mouth disease (FMD). Maternally derived antibody (MDA) against FMD and <em>Mycoplasma hyopneumonia</em> (<em>M. hyopneumonia)</em> after vaccination were also assessed in the piglets. Dietary supplementation of SCFP and BG in sows had no significant effect on reproductive performance (<em>P</em> > 0.05). BG also did not enhance the immune response to FMD vaccination (<em>P ></em>0.05) or the MDA levels of FMD in piglets. However, SCFP supplementation in sows significantly enhanced their immune response to FMD vaccination (<em>P <</em>0.05) but did not influence the passive immunity transfer to piglets. Furthermore, SCFP and BG supplementation in the diets of sows and their piglets did not significantly affect the piglets' immune response following <em>M. hyopneumoniae</em> vaccination. In summary, SCFP and BG showed minimal effects on reproductive performance and piglet immunity, while SCFP selectively enhanced the sows’ immune response to FMD vaccination without affecting passive immunity transfer to piglets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 106556"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145960221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106553
Eun-Yeong Bok , Tae Yoon Kim , Sang-Young Seo , Han-Gyu Lee , Young-Hun Jung , Seong Hwan Bae , Nam Su Oh , Tae Jin Cho , Hyeon Woo Park , Eui Cheol Shin , Jae Kyeom Kim
Paratuberculosis (Johne’s disease), a chronic granulomatous enteritis caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), is difficult to diagnose in the subclinical stage(s) because of intermittent shedding and nonspecific immune responses. Given their stability and potential as biomarkers, exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) were investigated in this study to identify serum-derived candidates associated with Paratuberculosis-associated disease stages in goats. Exosomes were isolated from the serum of three groups: Control (ELISA- and PCR-negative), ENPP (ELISA-negative but PCR-positive), and EPPP (ELISA- and PCR-positive). After exosome characterization, small RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analyses were performed to identify differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRs) and their predicted regulatory targets. Functional enrichment, upstream regulator, and network analyses were then applied to interpret the biological relevance of the identified DEmiRs. Among the candidates, miR-122 and miR-21–5p were consistently upregulated in infected animals and were associated with immune modulation, epithelial integrity, and inflammation. Finally, quantitative PCR validation confirmed a significant elevation of these miRNAs in the EPPP group, supporting their potential as late-stage biomarkers. Our findings demonstrate that exosomal miRNA profiling can reflect MAP infection status and highlight their potential utility as non-invasive biomarkers for Paratuberculosis monitoring in veterinary settings.
{"title":"Exosomal microRNA profiling reveals candidate biomarkers and regulatory signatures associated with paratuberculosis disease status in goats","authors":"Eun-Yeong Bok , Tae Yoon Kim , Sang-Young Seo , Han-Gyu Lee , Young-Hun Jung , Seong Hwan Bae , Nam Su Oh , Tae Jin Cho , Hyeon Woo Park , Eui Cheol Shin , Jae Kyeom Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106553","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106553","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Paratuberculosis (Johne’s disease), a chronic granulomatous enteritis caused by <em>Mycobacterium avium</em> subspecies <em>paratuberculosis</em> (MAP), is difficult to diagnose in the subclinical stage(s) because of intermittent shedding and nonspecific immune responses. Given their stability and potential as biomarkers, exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) were investigated in this study to identify serum-derived candidates associated with Paratuberculosis-associated disease stages in goats. Exosomes were isolated from the serum of three groups: Control (ELISA- and PCR-negative), ENPP (ELISA-negative but PCR-positive), and EPPP (ELISA- and PCR-positive). After exosome characterization, small RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analyses were performed to identify differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRs) and their predicted regulatory targets. Functional enrichment, upstream regulator, and network analyses were then applied to interpret the biological relevance of the identified DEmiRs. Among the candidates, miR-122 and miR-21–5p were consistently upregulated in infected animals and were associated with immune modulation, epithelial integrity, and inflammation. Finally, quantitative PCR validation confirmed a significant elevation of these miRNAs in the EPPP group, supporting their potential as late-stage biomarkers. Our findings demonstrate that exosomal miRNA profiling can reflect MAP infection status and highlight their potential utility as non-invasive biomarkers for Paratuberculosis monitoring in veterinary settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 106553"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145953101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106552
Mònica Campàs , Martina Tolós , Sandra Leonardo , Lourdes Llonch , Maria Devant , Yolanda Saco , Anna Bassols , Sònia Martí
Adequate colostrum intake is critical for the passive transfer of immunity in calves, and serum γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT; EC 2.3.2.2) is a potential indicator. However, conventional assays for its detection require laboratory facilities, limiting their use in the field. Herein, a simple visual test has been developed for the semi-quantitative determination of serum GGT using immobilized reagents on paper supports. The enzyme substrate, drop volume, and membrane type were optimized, with γ-L-glutamyl-3-carboxy-4-nitroanilide, 10 µL drop volume, and a binder-free microfiber glass membrane providing the best performance. The visual test showed a limit of semi-quantification (LOSQ) of 39 U/L, while digital analysis slightly improved the sensitivity. When applied to calf serum samples, the test reliably reflected GGT evolution: negligible at birth, peak activity at 2 days (corresponding to colostrum intake), declining by day 14, and further decreasing at day 18. The visual test showed strong agreement with the conventional enzyme assay (κ = 0.94), correctly estimating 26 out of 31 samples (84 %), and digital analysis of the membranes correlated even more closely (R = 0.9924). This point-of-need (PON) device offers a rapid, low-cost, and practical tool for on-farm monitoring of colostrum intake, supporting early detection of failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI) and improved calf health management.
{"title":"Point-of-need visual test for the detection of γ-glutamyltransferase in calf serum","authors":"Mònica Campàs , Martina Tolós , Sandra Leonardo , Lourdes Llonch , Maria Devant , Yolanda Saco , Anna Bassols , Sònia Martí","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106552","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106552","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adequate colostrum intake is critical for the passive transfer of immunity in calves, and serum γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT; EC 2.3.2.2) is a potential indicator. However, conventional assays for its detection require laboratory facilities, limiting their use in the field. Herein, a simple visual test has been developed for the semi-quantitative determination of serum GGT using immobilized reagents on paper supports. The enzyme substrate, drop volume, and membrane type were optimized, with γ-<span>L</span>-glutamyl-3-carboxy-4-nitroanilide, 10 µL drop volume, and a binder-free microfiber glass membrane providing the best performance. The visual test showed a limit of semi-quantification (LOSQ) of 39 U/L, while digital analysis slightly improved the sensitivity. When applied to calf serum samples, the test reliably reflected GGT evolution: negligible at birth, peak activity at 2 days (corresponding to colostrum intake), declining by day 14, and further decreasing at day 18. The visual test showed strong agreement with the conventional enzyme assay (<em>κ</em> = 0.94), correctly estimating 26 out of 31 samples (84 %), and digital analysis of the membranes correlated even more closely (<em>R</em> = 0.9924). This point-of-need (PON) device offers a rapid, low-cost, and practical tool for on-farm monitoring of colostrum intake, supporting early detection of failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI) and improved calf health management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 106552"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106549
Raphael Arz , Brian Park , Sebastian Knell , Antonio Pozzi , Frank Steffen , Lucas A. Smolders
Degenerative lumbosacral stenosis (DLSS) in dogs can involve foraminal stenosis and L7 nerve root compression. Surgical options to expand the L7-S1 neuroforamen (NF) include foraminotomy and distraction-stabilization. However, the efficacy of these techniques when subjected to biomechanical loading is unclear. The study objective was to investigate the influence of spinal motion on the volume of the L7-S1 NF in the native spine and after foraminotomy and distraction-stabilization. Eight canine cadaveric spines were subsequently tested in 3 conditions: native, after unilateral foraminotomy and after distraction-stabilization of L7-S1. Spines were subjected to axial compression, flexion/extension, lateral bending and axial rotation. The volume of the L7-S1 NF was calculated for each condition and motion direction. Linear mixed models were used to analyze differences between motions and conditions. The NF in the native spine was only affected by flexion (+4.5 %±16.6;P < 0.01) and extension (-36.7 %±11.1;P < 0.01) when compared to the position neutral + axial compression. The NF dimension after foraminotomy increased in flexion (+20.4 %±24.6;P < 0.01) and decreased in extension (-35.9 %±9.3;P < 0.01). In contrast, the NF after distraction-stabilization was not affected by biomechanical motion. Foraminotomy resulted in significantly increased volumes in all loading conditions (+31.0–45.7 %;P < 0.01). Distraction-stabilization produced smaller, yet statistically significant, increases in foraminal volume across several loading directions: axial compression (+15 %±18.0;P = 0.01), ipsilateral lateral bending (+22.1 %±19.0;P < 0.01), extension (+75 %±31.6;P < 0.01) and ipsilateral (+9.3 %±12.9;P = 0.01) and contralateral axial rotation (+12.7 %±12.9;P = 0.01). Both foraminotomy and distraction-stabilization lead to significant increases in the volume of the L7-S1 NF throughout spinal movement. As such, either procedure may be effective in enlarging the L7-S1 neuroforamen compromised by DLSS.
{"title":"The effects of foraminotomy and distraction-stabilization on the dimensions of the lumbosacral neuroforamen throughout range of motion","authors":"Raphael Arz , Brian Park , Sebastian Knell , Antonio Pozzi , Frank Steffen , Lucas A. Smolders","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106549","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106549","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Degenerative lumbosacral stenosis (DLSS) in dogs can involve foraminal stenosis and L7 nerve root compression. Surgical options to expand the L7-S1 neuroforamen (NF) include foraminotomy and distraction-stabilization. However, the efficacy of these techniques when subjected to biomechanical loading is unclear. The study objective was to investigate the influence of spinal motion on the volume of the L7-S1 NF in the native spine and after foraminotomy and distraction-stabilization. Eight canine cadaveric spines were subsequently tested in 3 conditions: native, after unilateral foraminotomy and after distraction-stabilization of L7-S1. Spines were subjected to axial compression, flexion/extension, lateral bending and axial rotation. The volume of the L7-S1 NF was calculated for each condition and motion direction. Linear mixed models were used to analyze differences between motions and conditions. The NF in the native spine was only affected by flexion (+4.5 %±16.6;P < 0.01) and extension (-36.7 %±11.1;P < 0.01) when compared to the position neutral + axial compression. The NF dimension after foraminotomy increased in flexion (+20.4 %±24.6;P < 0.01) and decreased in extension (-35.9 %±9.3;P < 0.01). In contrast, the NF after distraction-stabilization was not affected by biomechanical motion. Foraminotomy resulted in significantly increased volumes in all loading conditions (+31.0–45.7 %;P < 0.01). Distraction-stabilization produced smaller, yet statistically significant, increases in foraminal volume across several loading directions: axial compression (+15 %±18.0;P = 0.01), ipsilateral lateral bending (+22.1 %±19.0;P < 0.01), extension (+75 %±31.6;P < 0.01) and ipsilateral (+9.3 %±12.9;P = 0.01) and contralateral axial rotation (+12.7 %±12.9;P = 0.01). Both foraminotomy and distraction-stabilization lead to significant increases in the volume of the L7-S1 NF throughout spinal movement. As such, either procedure may be effective in enlarging the L7-S1 neuroforamen compromised by DLSS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 106549"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145946345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106548
Hilla Chen , Larry D. Cowgill , Thierry Francey , Rosanne E. Jepson , Catherine Langston , Ariane Schweighauser , Gilad Segev
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in small animal practice. Early recognition and medical management form the basis of treatment, however, for dogs and cats with severe AKI, resulting in the development of uremic metabolic derangements and oligoanuria, advanced renal replacement therapy (RRT) should be considered. Different platforms (i.e. machines) and modalities are available for the delivery of RRT including intermittent hemodialysis (IHD) and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) providing different but complimentary therapeutic options for the management of AKI. Intermittent hemodialysis is a short (i.e., few hours) and typically highly efficient treatment, whereas CRRT typically is less efficient but delivered continuously (≥24 h) which brings some advantages, especially for severely uremic or hemodynamically unstable animals. Working within the constraints of veterinary medicine and limitations that may exist in hospital staffing, facilities and finances, hybrid therapeutic protocols (e.g. prolonged intermittent renal replacement therapy (PIRRT; 6–12 h)) and transitional-CRRT (12–24 h) have been developed to advance the use of renal replacement platforms to fit with these logistical requirements. The literature on CRRT in veterinary patients is extremely limited, however, the demand for extracorporeal-based RRT therapies is expanding rapidly. Therefore, guidelines are required to ensure safe and effective operation and to optimize the management of dogs and cats with AKI using these platforms. To that end, these consensus-based best practice guidelines provide current knowledge on veterinary patient considerations, prescription, anti-coagulation, machine-based monitoring and commonly identified complications that may be experienced during CRRT, based on collective expert opinion.
{"title":"International renal interest society best practice consensus guidelines on the use of continuous renal replacement therapy in dogs and cats","authors":"Hilla Chen , Larry D. Cowgill , Thierry Francey , Rosanne E. Jepson , Catherine Langston , Ariane Schweighauser , Gilad Segev","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106548","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in small animal practice. Early recognition and medical management form the basis of treatment, however, for dogs and cats with severe AKI, resulting in the development of uremic metabolic derangements and oligoanuria, advanced renal replacement therapy (RRT) should be considered. Different platforms (i.e. machines) and modalities are available for the delivery of RRT including intermittent hemodialysis (IHD) and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) providing different but complimentary therapeutic options for the management of AKI. Intermittent hemodialysis is a short (i.e., few hours) and typically highly efficient treatment, whereas CRRT typically is less efficient but delivered continuously (≥24 h) which brings some advantages, especially for severely uremic or hemodynamically unstable animals. Working within the constraints of veterinary medicine and limitations that may exist in hospital staffing, facilities and finances, hybrid therapeutic protocols (e.g. prolonged intermittent renal replacement therapy (PIRRT; 6–12 h)) and transitional-CRRT (12–24 h) have been developed to advance the use of renal replacement platforms to fit with these logistical requirements. The literature on CRRT in veterinary patients is extremely limited, however, the demand for extracorporeal-based RRT therapies is expanding rapidly. Therefore, guidelines are required to ensure safe and effective operation and to optimize the management of dogs and cats with AKI using these platforms. To that end, these consensus-based best practice guidelines provide current knowledge on veterinary patient considerations, prescription, anti-coagulation, machine-based monitoring and commonly identified complications that may be experienced during CRRT, based on collective expert opinion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 106548"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145946424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106547
Wei Wei , Di Jiao , Rui Shi , Rigai Sa , Zhengyi Li , Lu An , Xiaoqian Zhang , Jingyi Wen , Rui Wang
Brucellosis remains a neglected zoonosis that threatens livestock production and human health in China. Small ruminants are key reservoirs, yet brucellosis in sheep and goats is still insufficiently characterized in terms of seroprevalence, risk factors, and spatial–temporal dynamics. We conducted a nationwide systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) of studies published up to 1 August 2025. We pooled eligible cross-sectional data using a random-effects model, explored determinants by subgroup analysis and meta-regression, and applied ARIMA models to forecast trends. We included 306 studies from 27 provinces. The overall pooled seroprevalence was 3.0 % (95 % CI 2.3–3.8), with strong geographic heterogeneity. The highest burden occurred in North China, especially Inner Mongolia. Risk was higher in spring and in BSk (cold semi-arid) climates. Seroprevalence was slightly higher in goats, young animals (<1 year), and stall-feeding systems, indicating the need to strengthen housing hygiene and farm biosecurity. Diagnostic methods explained substantial heterogeneity: RBPT tended to yield higher estimates, whereas ELISA/cELISA offer better diagnostic performance. Seroprevalence rose around 2016–2017 and then declined only modestly. Forecasts suggested a continued upward drift (0.76 % in 2026–0.84 % in 2027), implying sustained One Health risks. These findings support region-specific vaccination with priority for goats, expanded standardized ELISA/cELISA use, and integrated human–livestock surveillance with harmonized reporting and targeted protection for high-risk workers in hotspot regions.
在中国，布鲁氏菌病仍然是一种被忽视的人畜共患病，威胁着畜牧生产和人类健康。小型反刍动物是布鲁氏菌病的主要宿主，但绵羊和山羊的布鲁氏菌病在血清流行率、危险因素和时空动态方面的特征仍然不足。我们对截至2025年8月1日发表的研究进行了全国性的系统评价和荟萃分析（PRISMA）。我们使用随机效应模型汇集了符合条件的横截面数据，通过亚群分析和元回归探讨了决定因素，并应用ARIMA模型预测趋势。我们纳入了来自27个省份的306项研究。总体合并血清阳性率为3.0 %(95 % CI 2.3-3.8)，具有很强的地理异质性。华北地区的负担最重，尤其是内蒙古。春季和BSk（冷半干旱）气候的风险较高。山羊、幼畜（1岁）和棚户区饲养系统的血清阳性率略高，表明需要加强住房卫生和农场生物安全。诊断方法解释了实质性的异质性：RBPT倾向于产生更高的估计值，而ELISA/cELISA提供更好的诊断性能。血清阳性率在2016-2017年前后上升，随后仅小幅下降。预测显示持续上升趋势（2026年为0.76 %，2027年为0.84 %），意味着持续的One Health风险。这些发现支持以山羊为重点的区域特异性疫苗接种，扩大标准化ELISA/cELISA的使用，以及对热点地区高风险工人进行统一报告和有针对性保护的人畜综合监测。
{"title":"Spatiotemporal trends and risk factors of small-ruminant brucellosis in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Wei Wei , Di Jiao , Rui Shi , Rigai Sa , Zhengyi Li , Lu An , Xiaoqian Zhang , Jingyi Wen , Rui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Brucellosis remains a neglected zoonosis that threatens livestock production and human health in China. Small ruminants are key reservoirs, yet brucellosis in sheep and goats is still insufficiently characterized in terms of seroprevalence, risk factors, and spatial–temporal dynamics. We conducted a nationwide systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) of studies published up to 1 August 2025. We pooled eligible cross-sectional data using a random-effects model, explored determinants by subgroup analysis and meta-regression, and applied ARIMA models to forecast trends. We included 306 studies from 27 provinces. The overall pooled seroprevalence was 3.0 % (95 % CI 2.3–3.8), with strong geographic heterogeneity. The highest burden occurred in North China, especially Inner Mongolia. Risk was higher in spring and in BSk (cold semi-arid) climates. Seroprevalence was slightly higher in goats, young animals (<1 year), and stall-feeding systems, indicating the need to strengthen housing hygiene and farm biosecurity. Diagnostic methods explained substantial heterogeneity: RBPT tended to yield higher estimates, whereas ELISA/cELISA offer better diagnostic performance. Seroprevalence rose around 2016–2017 and then declined only modestly. Forecasts suggested a continued upward drift (0.76 % in 2026–0.84 % in 2027), implying sustained One Health risks. These findings support region-specific vaccination with priority for goats, expanded standardized ELISA/cELISA use, and integrated human–livestock surveillance with harmonized reporting and targeted protection for high-risk workers in hotspot regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 106547"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106550
Mehmet Akköse , Halit Kanca , Tuğrul Hoşbul , Sema Ören , Murat Onur Yazlık , Ufuk Kaya , Mert Pekcan , Hatice Esra Çolakoğlu , Yunus Furkan Altınbaş , Hasan Karakuş , Mehmet Rıfat Vural
This study aimed to investigate the effects of dry-period heat stress on metabolic and oxidative stress parameters, cytokine release, and T lymphocyte percentages in dairy cows and their offspring. Thirty-two Holstein cows were randomly assigned to heat stress (HS) and cooling (CL) groups. Blood samples were collected to harvest serum and isolate peripheral blood leukocytes, from cows at 21 – 28 days before the expected calving date and immediately after calving, and from their calves postnatally (before colostrum consumption and 24 ± 1 h after birth). Helper (Th1, Th2), regulatory T (Treg), and gamma/delta T (γδT) lymphocytes were enumerated by flow cytometry. Interferon gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin-17A (IL-17A), IL-10, IL-6, IL-1β, retinol, alpha-tocopherol, lactoferrin, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels were measured using bovine-specific commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test kits. Nitric oxide, paraoxonase, total oxidant capacity, total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase, malondialdehyde (MDA), albumin, total protein, cholesterol, bilirubin, and creatinine levels were measured using an auto-analyzer. Compared to the CL group, in the HS cows, serum retinoic acid, alpha-tocopherol (p < 0.05), ALP, catalase, GSH-Px and IL-1β levels (p < 0.01) were significantly lower, whereas IL-6, IFN-γ and IL-10 levels were higher (p < 0.01). The HS cows presented with higher Th1 lymphocyte percentages (p < 0.01), and lower γδT and Treg lymphocyte percentages (p < 0.01). Treg lymphocyte percentages showed no difference between the groups, but varied by day. Specifically, in both the HS and CL dams, Treg lymphocyte percentages were significantly lower at the calving time than on day 21 before the expected calving date (p = 0.021). Colostral IgG concentrations were lower (p < 0.05) in the HS group. In the offspring, there were no significant differences between the HS and CL groups for the T lymphocyte percentages before colostrum consumption and the serum IgG concentrations at 24 ± 1 h after birth. In conclusion, the study findings suggest that providing heat stress abatement to dry cows may modulate both Th1, Treg, and γδT lymphocyte functions, and the release of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. However, intrauterine heat stress did not affect lymphocyte percentages in offspring before colostrum consumption.
{"title":"The effect of dry-period heat stress on inflammatory, oxidative and metabolic alterations, and acquired immunity in dairy cows and offspring","authors":"Mehmet Akköse , Halit Kanca , Tuğrul Hoşbul , Sema Ören , Murat Onur Yazlık , Ufuk Kaya , Mert Pekcan , Hatice Esra Çolakoğlu , Yunus Furkan Altınbaş , Hasan Karakuş , Mehmet Rıfat Vural","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106550","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106550","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to investigate the effects of dry-period heat stress on metabolic and oxidative stress parameters, cytokine release, and T lymphocyte percentages in dairy cows and their offspring. Thirty-two Holstein cows were randomly assigned to heat stress (HS) and cooling (CL) groups. Blood samples were collected to harvest serum and isolate peripheral blood leukocytes, from cows at 21 – 28 days before the expected calving date and immediately after calving, and from their calves postnatally (before colostrum consumption and 24 ± 1 h after birth). Helper (Th1, Th2), regulatory T (Treg), and gamma/delta T (γδT) lymphocytes were enumerated by flow cytometry. Interferon gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin-17A (IL-17A), IL-10, IL-6, IL-1β, retinol, alpha-tocopherol, lactoferrin, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels were measured using bovine-specific commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test kits. Nitric oxide, paraoxonase, total oxidant capacity, total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase, malondialdehyde (MDA), albumin, total protein, cholesterol, bilirubin, and creatinine levels were measured using an auto-analyzer. Compared to the CL group, in the HS cows, serum retinoic acid, alpha-tocopherol (p < 0.05), ALP, catalase, GSH-Px and IL-1β levels (p < 0.01) were significantly lower, whereas IL-6, IFN-γ and IL-10 levels were higher (p < 0.01). The HS cows presented with higher Th1 lymphocyte percentages (p < 0.01), and lower γδT and Treg lymphocyte percentages (p < 0.01). Treg lymphocyte percentages showed no difference between the groups, but varied by day. Specifically, in both the HS and CL dams, Treg lymphocyte percentages were significantly lower at the calving time than on day 21 before the expected calving date (p = 0.021). Colostral IgG concentrations were lower (p < 0.05) in the HS group. In the offspring, there were no significant differences between the HS and CL groups for the T lymphocyte percentages before colostrum consumption and the serum IgG concentrations at 24 ± 1 h after birth. In conclusion, the study findings suggest that providing heat stress abatement to dry cows may modulate both Th1, Treg, and γδT lymphocyte functions, and the release of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. However, intrauterine heat stress did not affect lymphocyte percentages in offspring before colostrum consumption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 106550"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145935337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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