Pub Date : 2026-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106568
Ingeborg Evensen , Cecilie Ersdal , Åse Margrethe Sogstad , Adam Dunstan Martin
According to on-farm emergency slaughter (OFES) veterinary certificates almost half of OFES cases in Norway are the result of locomotory disorders. However, beyond certification the diagnosis of these cases is unconfirmed. The aim of this study was to describe the gross lesions found at PME of cattle that underwent OFES for disorders of locomotion. During 2023, OFES cases entering two slaughterhouses underwent a regular PME and the pathological findings recorded. Complementary data were obtained from the veterinary certificate and Norwegian Food Safety Authority’s record system. In total, 492 cases met the study’s inclusion criteria. Descriptive statistics were generated, and logistic regression analyses were performed to examine relationship of sex, breed, production form and age with the post-mortem diagnosis. Gross lesions found at PME were categorized. The most common categories were soft tissue trauma (24 %), fracture (23 %), joint pathology (23 %), and joint dislocation (18 %). Most joint pathology cases involved the hock joint with males having a higher risk than females. Multivariable analysis found that joint dislocations (93 % hip dislocations) were associated with older, female Holstein cows. The high number of trauma cases was to be expected as suffering an accident is a prerequisite for the animal being eligible for OFES. However, the high number of spinal fractures, hip dislocations in female cattle, as well as hock lesions in bulls should be investigated further to find ways to prevent these painful lesions.
{"title":"Postmortem findings in lame cattle which underwent on farm emergency slaughter in Norway","authors":"Ingeborg Evensen , Cecilie Ersdal , Åse Margrethe Sogstad , Adam Dunstan Martin","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>According to on-farm emergency slaughter (OFES) veterinary certificates almost half of OFES cases in Norway are the result of locomotory disorders. However, beyond certification the diagnosis of these cases is unconfirmed. The aim of this study was to describe the gross lesions found at PME of cattle that underwent OFES for disorders of locomotion. During 2023, OFES cases entering two slaughterhouses underwent a regular PME and the pathological findings recorded. Complementary data were obtained from the veterinary certificate and Norwegian Food Safety Authority’s record system. In total, 492 cases met the study’s inclusion criteria. Descriptive statistics were generated, and logistic regression analyses were performed to examine relationship of sex, breed, production form and age with the post-mortem diagnosis. Gross lesions found at PME were categorized. The most common categories were soft tissue trauma (24 %), fracture (23 %), joint pathology (23 %), and joint dislocation (18 %). Most joint pathology cases involved the hock joint with males having a higher risk than females. Multivariable analysis found that joint dislocations (93 % hip dislocations) were associated with older, female Holstein cows. The high number of trauma cases was to be expected as suffering an accident is a prerequisite for the animal being eligible for OFES. However, the high number of spinal fractures, hip dislocations in female cattle, as well as hock lesions in bulls should be investigated further to find ways to prevent these painful lesions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 106568"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146004243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106560
Barbara Błaszczyk , Tomasz Stankiewicz , Małgorzata A. Szewczuk , Jan Udała , Arkadiusz Pietruszka
The aim of the study was to determine Doppler parameters in the common carotid arteries, temporal arteries and vertebral arteries of Suffolk lambs in the first month of life. Peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), PSV/EDV ratio, resistance index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) were measured in the examined arteries. The relationships between the examined parameters, the age and sex of the lambs, as well as the location of the arterial vessel, were determined. It was observed that the values of Doppler parameters depended on both the age of lambs and the location of the artery (P < 0.01). It was also shown that the Doppler parameters depended on both the gender and the location of the artery (P < 0.05). Most Doppler parameters measured in the carotid arteries were significantly different than those recorded in the temporal arteries (P < 0.01) and the vertebral arteries (P < 0.01). In the examined arteries, PSV, PSV/EDV and RI were significantly higher in ram lambs than in ewe lambs (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05). The study underlines the importance of taking into account the gender, location of the vessels and the postnatal age of the lambs when interpreting results.
{"title":"Doppler parameters in the common carotid, temporal and vertebral arteries in Suffolk lambs in the first month of life","authors":"Barbara Błaszczyk , Tomasz Stankiewicz , Małgorzata A. Szewczuk , Jan Udała , Arkadiusz Pietruszka","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106560","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106560","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of the study was to determine Doppler parameters in the common carotid arteries, temporal arteries and vertebral arteries of Suffolk lambs in the first month of life. Peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), PSV/EDV ratio, resistance index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) were measured in the examined arteries. The relationships between the examined parameters, the age and sex of the lambs, as well as the location of the arterial vessel, were determined. It was observed that the values of Doppler parameters depended on both the age of lambs and the location of the artery (P < 0.01). It was also shown that the Doppler parameters depended on both the gender and the location of the artery (P < 0.05). Most Doppler parameters measured in the carotid arteries were significantly different than those recorded in the temporal arteries (P < 0.01) and the vertebral arteries (P < 0.01). In the examined arteries, PSV, PSV/EDV and RI were significantly higher in ram lambs than in ewe lambs (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05). The study underlines the importance of taking into account the gender, location of the vessels and the postnatal age of the lambs when interpreting results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 106560"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146004266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106557
Imadidden Musallam , Julio Pinto , Ravi Bandara Dissanayake , Muhammad Usman Zaheer , Zaidoun Hijazeen , Wafa’a Ramadneh , Iqbal Qatananni , Esam Hawa , Majed Hawaowsheh , Ehab Abu-Basha , Aida binti Muhid , Jamaliah binti Senawi , Mariani binti Hashim , Muhammad Nazri bin Khairuddin , Janice Garcia , Blesilda C. Verin , Jasmine Magtibay , Anil Demeli , Kemal Yilmaz , Sedat Ildiz , Javier Guitian
A training needs assessment (TNA) toolkit was developed by adapting the Hennessy–Hicks questionnaire to evaluate field veterinary epidemiology training needs within the national Veterinary Services of Jordan, Malaysia, the Philippines, Turkey, and Ukraine. The toolkit comprises two questionnaires that assess frontline and intermediate field epidemiology core competencies defined by the FAO and can be used to evaluate training needs at both individual and organisational levels.
Frontline veterinarians in the five countries completed the questionnaires electronically. Additionally, face-to-face workshops held in Jordan, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Turkey—attended by key informants, line managers, and frontline veterinarians—provided opportunities for deeper discussion and refinement of training needs.
Training Needs Indexes (TNIs), defined as the difference between criticality and current performance levels and derived from responses of frontline veterinarians and their supervisors, indicated that most of the 32 frontline and 30 intermediate competencies were considered critical for effective performance. However, current performance ratings varied across countries, with higher scores in Jordan, Turkey, and Ukraine, and lower scores in Malaysia and the Philippines. TNIs from group discussions were higher than those from individual online responses, suggesting that veterinarians may overestimate their performance when self-assessing.
Differences in frequency ratings reflected the diverse roles of frontline veterinarians across countries, shaping which competencies were prioritised for further training. The toolkit’s reliance on self-assessment was identified as a limitation, though this can be mitigated by supplementing individual assessments with group discussions. Competencies with high TNIs at both levels were classified as priorities to guide future training activities.
{"title":"A toolkit for the assessment of training needs and gaps of the national Veterinary Services in field epidemiology","authors":"Imadidden Musallam , Julio Pinto , Ravi Bandara Dissanayake , Muhammad Usman Zaheer , Zaidoun Hijazeen , Wafa’a Ramadneh , Iqbal Qatananni , Esam Hawa , Majed Hawaowsheh , Ehab Abu-Basha , Aida binti Muhid , Jamaliah binti Senawi , Mariani binti Hashim , Muhammad Nazri bin Khairuddin , Janice Garcia , Blesilda C. Verin , Jasmine Magtibay , Anil Demeli , Kemal Yilmaz , Sedat Ildiz , Javier Guitian","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106557","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106557","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A training needs assessment (TNA) toolkit was developed by adapting the Hennessy–Hicks questionnaire to evaluate field veterinary epidemiology training needs within the national Veterinary Services of Jordan, Malaysia, the Philippines, Turkey, and Ukraine. The toolkit comprises two questionnaires that assess frontline and intermediate field epidemiology core competencies defined by the FAO and can be used to evaluate training needs at both individual and organisational levels.</div><div>Frontline veterinarians in the five countries completed the questionnaires electronically. Additionally, face-to-face workshops held in Jordan, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Turkey—attended by key informants, line managers, and frontline veterinarians—provided opportunities for deeper discussion and refinement of training needs.</div><div>Training Needs Indexes (TNIs), defined as the difference between criticality and current performance levels and derived from responses of frontline veterinarians and their supervisors, indicated that most of the 32 frontline and 30 intermediate competencies were considered critical for effective performance. However, current performance ratings varied across countries, with higher scores in Jordan, Turkey, and Ukraine, and lower scores in Malaysia and the Philippines. TNIs from group discussions were higher than those from individual online responses, suggesting that veterinarians may overestimate their performance when self-assessing.</div><div>Differences in frequency ratings reflected the diverse roles of frontline veterinarians across countries, shaping which competencies were prioritised for further training. The toolkit’s reliance on self-assessment was identified as a limitation, though this can be mitigated by supplementing individual assessments with group discussions. Competencies with high TNIs at both levels were classified as priorities to guide future training activities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 106557"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145998929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-15DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106564
Íris J. Fidalgo , Joana C. Prata
Plant poisoning in animals, often associated with wild and ornamental species, is a significant concern in veterinary medicine. Due to clinical signs observed in humans after consuming “mad honey”, interest in grayanotoxins, produced by Ericaceae plants, has increased. However, effects on animal health have been scarcely addressed despite their interest for veterinary toxicology. This systematic review, following PRISMA guidelines, identified 31 records of grayanotoxin poisoning in animals following the ingestion of plants, affecting a total of 111 livestock and 11 companion animals. Cases were predominantly reported in livestock, namely sheep and goats, and less frequently in companion animals, including dogs, cats, rabbits, tortoises, and pigs. Studies report an estimated toxic dose of 0.1 % of body weight in fresh foliage for ruminants. Rhododendron spp. and Pieris japonica were the most frequently reported plants. Common clinical signs and treatment were summarized. Retching, regurgitation, and vomiting were common and might be suggestive of plant poisoning in ruminants. Reports on grayanotoxin poisoning in animals must be improved to address existing knowledge gaps.
{"title":"Grayanotoxin poisoning in animals following the ingestion of Ericaceae plants","authors":"Íris J. Fidalgo , Joana C. Prata","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plant poisoning in animals, often associated with wild and ornamental species, is a significant concern in veterinary medicine. Due to clinical signs observed in humans after consuming “mad honey”, interest in grayanotoxins, produced by Ericaceae plants, has increased. However, effects on animal health have been scarcely addressed despite their interest for veterinary toxicology. This systematic review, following PRISMA guidelines, identified 31 records of grayanotoxin poisoning in animals following the ingestion of plants, affecting a total of 111 livestock and 11 companion animals. Cases were predominantly reported in livestock, namely sheep and goats, and less frequently in companion animals, including dogs, cats, rabbits, tortoises, and pigs. Studies report an estimated toxic dose of 0.1 % of body weight in fresh foliage for ruminants. <em>Rhododendron</em> spp. and <em>Pieris japonica</em> were the most frequently reported plants. Common clinical signs and treatment were summarized. Retching, regurgitation, and vomiting were common and might be suggestive of plant poisoning in ruminants. Reports on grayanotoxin poisoning in animals must be improved to address existing knowledge gaps.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 106564"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-15DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106566
Mithila Banik , Saroj Bashyal , Khandaker Asif Ahmed PhD , Kakon Banik , Kamal Dua PhD , Jaesung P. Choi PhD , Keshav Raj Paudel PhD , Rajib Majumder PhD
The gut microbiome plays a pivotal role in the health, metabolism, and behaviour of companion animals, yet comprehensive syntheses of its composition and functional relevance in cats and dogs in Australia are overlooked and remain limited globally. This review synthesises current knowledge on the gut microbial communities inhabiting the gastrointestinal tracts of dog and cats, with a particular focus on taxonomic diversity, dietary modulation, and associations with disease states within Australian context. Core phyla including Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria dominate the canine and feline gut, but marked interspecies and individual variability is shaped by factors such as feeding practices, living environment, obesity, and chronic disease. Recent studies have elucidated functional signatures linked to conditions ranging from the influence of microplastics to pet gut health, as well as gut-microbiome transmission between pets and their owners, highlighting this area as a promising field of investigation. In parallel, this review contextualizes the broader landscape of pet ownership in Australia, where nearly 70 % of households own pets, and significant resources are devoted to nutrition, veterinary care, and preventive health. Emerging evidence also suggests bidirectional influences between pets and their human companions’ microbiota, highlighting opportunities for integrated approaches. We identify critical knowledge gaps, including the need for region-specific microbial baselines, standardized methodologies, and controlled intervention trials targeting microbiome modulation and transmission. By consolidating advances across microbial ecology, veterinary medicine, and translational research, this review provides a foundation for future studies that aim to harness the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of the pet microbiome, thereby improving health outcomes for animals and humans alike.
{"title":"The gut microbiome of Australian cats and dogs: Dietary influences, health impacts, and emerging research","authors":"Mithila Banik , Saroj Bashyal , Khandaker Asif Ahmed PhD , Kakon Banik , Kamal Dua PhD , Jaesung P. Choi PhD , Keshav Raj Paudel PhD , Rajib Majumder PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The gut microbiome plays a pivotal role in the health, metabolism, and behaviour of companion animals, yet comprehensive syntheses of its composition and functional relevance in cats and dogs in Australia are overlooked and remain limited globally. This review synthesises current knowledge on the gut microbial communities inhabiting the gastrointestinal tracts of dog and cats, with a particular focus on taxonomic diversity, dietary modulation, and associations with disease states within Australian context. Core phyla including Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria dominate the canine and feline gut, but marked interspecies and individual variability is shaped by factors such as feeding practices, living environment, obesity, and chronic disease. Recent studies have elucidated functional signatures linked to conditions ranging from the influence of microplastics to pet gut health, as well as gut-microbiome transmission between pets and their owners, highlighting this area as a promising field of investigation. In parallel, this review contextualizes the broader landscape of pet ownership in Australia, where nearly 70 % of households own pets, and significant resources are devoted to nutrition, veterinary care, and preventive health. Emerging evidence also suggests bidirectional influences between pets and their human companions’ microbiota, highlighting opportunities for integrated approaches. We identify critical knowledge gaps, including the need for region-specific microbial baselines, standardized methodologies, and controlled intervention trials targeting microbiome modulation and transmission. By consolidating advances across microbial ecology, veterinary medicine, and translational research, this review provides a foundation for future studies that aim to harness the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of the pet microbiome, thereby improving health outcomes for animals and humans alike.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 106566"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145994557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-15DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106567
Yiran Zhao , Ruojun Hao , Huixing Lin , Chaojian Shen , Fei Liu , Hongjie Fan , Yanke Shan
Schmallenberg virus (SBV) is an emerging arbovirus that causes fever, diarrhea, abortion, and congenital malformations in ruminants. The disease spreads rapidly and poses significant control challenges. Upon its identification, SBV disseminated across Europe, causing major economic losses in livestock production and international trade. Although vaccines exist in certain regions, effective treatment options remain limited, highlighting the need for rapid, early, and accurate detection. In this study, we report the development and preliminary validation of a rapid point-of-care detection method for SBV and closely related viruses based on reverse transcription recombinase-aided amplification (RT-RAA) combined with lateral flow dipstick (LFD) technology. A conserved S gene region was selected as the target, and a single-nucleotide modification was introduced into the primer-probe set to reduce false-positive signals. Due to the absence of naturally infected samples in China, sheep fetal tissues spiked with defined amounts of plasmid standards were used to simulate clinical specimens, and in vitro-transcribed SBV RNA was incorporated to verify performance at the RNA level. After optimization, the method achieved a sensitivity of 5 copies/μL. Compared with a commercial qPCR kit, the assay is faster, simpler, and does not require specialized laboratory equipment, making it well suited for on-site testing in farms, quarantine stations, and regional laboratories. As the assay detects both SBV and closely related viruses, positive results require confirmation by specific PCR or sequencing to accurately identify the virus. These results provide proof-of-concept for the assay and support its potential application in rapid SBV and related virus monitoring and control.
{"title":"Development and preliminary validation of a rapid on-site detection method for Schmallenberg virus using RT-RAA-LFD","authors":"Yiran Zhao , Ruojun Hao , Huixing Lin , Chaojian Shen , Fei Liu , Hongjie Fan , Yanke Shan","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Schmallenberg virus (SBV) is an emerging arbovirus that causes fever, diarrhea, abortion, and congenital malformations in ruminants. The disease spreads rapidly and poses significant control challenges. Upon its identification, SBV disseminated across Europe, causing major economic losses in livestock production and international trade. Although vaccines exist in certain regions, effective treatment options remain limited, highlighting the need for rapid, early, and accurate detection. In this study, we report the development and preliminary validation of a rapid point-of-care detection method for SBV and closely related viruses based on reverse transcription recombinase-aided amplification (RT-RAA) combined with lateral flow dipstick (LFD) technology. A conserved S gene region was selected as the target, and a single-nucleotide modification was introduced into the primer-probe set to reduce false-positive signals. Due to the absence of naturally infected samples in China, sheep fetal tissues spiked with defined amounts of plasmid standards were used to simulate clinical specimens, and in vitro-transcribed SBV RNA was incorporated to verify performance at the RNA level. After optimization, the method achieved a sensitivity of 5 copies/μL. Compared with a commercial qPCR kit, the assay is faster, simpler, and does not require specialized laboratory equipment, making it well suited for on-site testing in farms, quarantine stations, and regional laboratories. As the assay detects both SBV and closely related viruses, positive results require confirmation by specific PCR or sequencing to accurately identify the virus. These results provide proof-of-concept for the assay and support its potential application in rapid SBV and related virus monitoring and control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 106567"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145994598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (CIPF) is a fatal disease affecting primarily West Highland white terriers (WHWT). CIPF remains challenging to diagnose and disease progression is difficult to predict. Recently, fibroblast activation protein (FAP) was identified as a cellular marker of active fibrosis in post-mortem lung biopsies from CIPF-affected WHWTs. Therefore, FAP-targeted imaging using FAP inhibitors (FAPI) may offer a noninvasive means of assessing active fibrosis in canine lungs in vivo. This study aimed to evaluate whether [18F]FAPI-74 positron emission tomography (PET) combined with computed tomography (CT) can detect FAP expression in the lungs of CIPF-affected WHWTs. This prospective exploratory pilot study included two healthy senior purpose-bred Beagle dogs and two client-owned WHWTs diagnosed with CIPF. In addition to CT, each dog underwent a 90-min dynamic thoracic PET scan following intravenous administration of [18F]FAPI-74 (median activity 10.3 MBq/kg). In one Beagle and one WHWT, a subsequent static abdominal PET scan was performed to assess biodistribution. PET and CT images were co-registered prior to quantitative uptake analysis. [18F]FAPI-74 PET was well tolerated in all dogs and compatible with clinical use. [18F]FAPI-74 uptake was approximately three-fold higher in CIPF-affected lungs than in healthy lungs. Tracer elimination occurred via both urinary and hepatobiliary routes. Moderate uptake was also observed in gastrointestinal organs, potentially reflecting age-related fibrosis, as supported by additional immunohistochemistry. In conclusion, [18F]FAPI-74 PET/CT enables in vivo detection of active pulmonary fibrosis in CIPF-affected dogs and represents a promising noninvasive tool for detecting and monitoring this fatal disease.
{"title":"Evaluation of [18F]FAPI-74 PET/CT in healthy dogs and in West Highland white terriers with canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a pilot study","authors":"Elodie Rizzoli , Mohamed Ali Bahri , Sylvestre Dammicco , Christian Degueldre , Alexandru Tutunaru , Mutien-Marie Garigliany , Mazarine Gérardy , Géraldine Bolen , Nadia Withofs , Thibault Gendron , Cécile Clercx","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106565","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106565","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (CIPF) is a fatal disease affecting primarily West Highland white terriers (WHWT). CIPF remains challenging to diagnose and disease progression is difficult to predict. Recently, fibroblast activation protein (FAP) was identified as a cellular marker of active fibrosis in post-mortem lung biopsies from CIPF-affected WHWTs. Therefore, FAP-targeted imaging using FAP inhibitors (FAPI) may offer a noninvasive means of assessing active fibrosis in canine lungs in vivo. This study aimed to evaluate whether [<sup>18</sup>F]FAPI-74 positron emission tomography (PET) combined with computed tomography (CT) can detect FAP expression in the lungs of CIPF-affected WHWTs. This prospective exploratory pilot study included two healthy senior purpose-bred Beagle dogs and two client-owned WHWTs diagnosed with CIPF. In addition to CT, each dog underwent a 90-min dynamic thoracic PET scan following intravenous administration of [<sup>18</sup>F]FAPI-74 (median activity 10.3 MBq/kg). In one Beagle and one WHWT, a subsequent static abdominal PET scan was performed to assess biodistribution. PET and CT images were co-registered prior to quantitative uptake analysis. [<sup>18</sup>F]FAPI-74 PET was well tolerated in all dogs and compatible with clinical use. [<sup>18</sup>F]FAPI-74 uptake was approximately three-fold higher in CIPF-affected lungs than in healthy lungs. Tracer elimination occurred via both urinary and hepatobiliary routes. Moderate uptake was also observed in gastrointestinal organs, potentially reflecting age-related fibrosis, as supported by additional immunohistochemistry. In conclusion, [<sup>18</sup>F]FAPI-74 PET/CT enables in vivo detection of active pulmonary fibrosis in CIPF-affected dogs and represents a promising noninvasive tool for detecting and monitoring this fatal disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 106565"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145990901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106563
Ruy D. Chacón , Claudete S. Astolfi-Ferreira , Henrique Lage Hagemann , Dilan Suárez-Agüero , Alex Laurindo da Silva , Priscilla Cavalcante Rocha , Claudia Carranza , Mario S. Assayag Jr , Jorge L. Chacón , Antonio J. Piantino Ferreira
Fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) comprise five species and twelve serotypes that infect chickens, several of which are associated with disease and significant economic losses in poultry farming. Although they are globally distributed, molecular characterization studies remain limited in many regions. This study aimed to elucidate the frequency and circulation of FAdV serotypes in South America, Central America, and the Caribbean. FAdV detection was conducted using qPCR and hexon gene sequencing on samples from chicken farms in Brazil, Peru, Guyana, Colombia, and El Salvador. In Brazil, FAdV was detected in 21.26 % of broiler flocks, 14.75 % of layer flocks, and 7.71 % of breeder flocks. A weekly increase in the positivity rate was observed in broilers (R² = 0.9356). FAdV was detected from the first day of life and persisted in long-lived layer and breeder flocks, up to 94 and 70 weeks of age, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses revealed serotypes FAdV-1, FAdV-2, FAdV-4, FAdV-6, FAdV-8a, FAdV-8b, and FAdV-11 in Brazil; FAdV-8b and FAdV-11 in Peru; FAdV-6 in Colombia; FAdV-4 and FAdV-11 in Guyana; and FAdV-11 in El Salvador. Overall, FAdV-11, FAdV-8a, and FAdV-8b were the most prevalent serotypes in the region. Notably, recombination signals involving sequences related to FAdV-6, FAdV-7, and FAdV-8b were detected in a Brazilian strain (USP-2858–3). These findings update the epidemiological landscape of FAdVs in the Americas, highlight the need for continued molecular surveillance and serotype monitoring to strengthen regional immunisation strategies, and contribute to a better understanding of the evolution and emergence of potential new FAdV genotypes.
{"title":"Comprehensive surveillance of fowl adenovirus in the Americas reveals the circulation of multiple serotypes and evidence of recombination","authors":"Ruy D. Chacón , Claudete S. Astolfi-Ferreira , Henrique Lage Hagemann , Dilan Suárez-Agüero , Alex Laurindo da Silva , Priscilla Cavalcante Rocha , Claudia Carranza , Mario S. Assayag Jr , Jorge L. Chacón , Antonio J. Piantino Ferreira","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106563","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106563","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) comprise five species and twelve serotypes that infect chickens, several of which are associated with disease and significant economic losses in poultry farming. Although they are globally distributed, molecular characterization studies remain limited in many regions. This study aimed to elucidate the frequency and circulation of FAdV serotypes in South America, Central America, and the Caribbean. FAdV detection was conducted using qPCR and <em>hexon</em> gene sequencing on samples from chicken farms in Brazil, Peru, Guyana, Colombia, and El Salvador. In Brazil, FAdV was detected in 21.26 % of broiler flocks, 14.75 % of layer flocks, and 7.71 % of breeder flocks. A weekly increase in the positivity rate was observed in broilers (R² = 0.9356). FAdV was detected from the first day of life and persisted in long-lived layer and breeder flocks, up to 94 and 70 weeks of age, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses revealed serotypes FAdV-1, FAdV-2, FAdV-4, FAdV-6, FAdV-8a, FAdV-8b, and FAdV-11 in Brazil; FAdV-8b and FAdV-11 in Peru; FAdV-6 in Colombia; FAdV-4 and FAdV-11 in Guyana; and FAdV-11 in El Salvador. Overall, FAdV-11, FAdV-8a, and FAdV-8b were the most prevalent serotypes in the region. Notably, recombination signals involving sequences related to FAdV-6, FAdV-7, and FAdV-8b were detected in a Brazilian strain (USP-2858–3). These findings update the epidemiological landscape of FAdVs in the Americas, highlight the need for continued molecular surveillance and serotype monitoring to strengthen regional immunisation strategies, and contribute to a better understanding of the evolution and emergence of potential new FAdV genotypes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 106563"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-13DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106562
A. Saechin , P. Sedwisai , C. Mongkolphan , R. Boonyarittichaikij , S. Tangsudjai
The legal trade of psittacine birds presents both economic opportunities and challenges, particularly in disease management. This study investigates the prevalence and co-infection dynamics of parrot bornavirus (PaBV), beak and feather disease virus (BFDV), and avian polyomavirus (APV) in psittacine birds traded in Thailand from 2020 to 2024. The study population consisted of clinically healthy birds. Molecular diagnostic testing identified PaBV and BFDV in 7.17 % and 7.94 % of samples, respectively, with significantly higher detection rates in birds from the Psittaculidae family (p < 0.001). APV was infrequently detected (0.57 %) and showed no significant variation across host families (p = 0.139). No significant associations were observed between viral prevalence and sex. Viral co-infections were identified in 0.52 % of birds, most commonly involving PaBV and BFDV. Among virus-positive individuals, the proportion of co-infections was highest in APV-positive birds (24.14 %), followed by PaBV (8.88 %) and BFDV (6.81 %). Temporal variation was observed in the monthly prevalence of PaBV and BFDV. However, further investigation is required to determine whether these fluctuations are associated with specific seasonal patterns. Our study emphasized the necessity of routine screening for PaBV, BFDV, and APV, which should be implemented, including clinically healthy birds, as clinically unaffected individuals may act as hidden reservoirs and contribute significantly to the ongoing disease burden within captive psittacine populations. Awareness of species-specific infection patterns and potential temporal variation can facilitate more targeted and effective disease monitoring in aviaries.
{"title":"Temporal patterns, co-infections, and risk factors of PaBV, BFDV, and APV in pet psittacine birds traded in Thailand","authors":"A. Saechin , P. Sedwisai , C. Mongkolphan , R. Boonyarittichaikij , S. Tangsudjai","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106562","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The legal trade of psittacine birds presents both economic opportunities and challenges, particularly in disease management. This study investigates the prevalence and co-infection dynamics of parrot bornavirus (PaBV), beak and feather disease virus (BFDV), and avian polyomavirus (APV) in psittacine birds traded in Thailand from 2020 to 2024. The study population consisted of clinically healthy birds. Molecular diagnostic testing identified PaBV and BFDV in 7.17 % and 7.94 % of samples, respectively, with significantly higher detection rates in birds from the Psittaculidae family (p < 0.001). APV was infrequently detected (0.57 %) and showed no significant variation across host families (<em>p</em> = 0.139). No significant associations were observed between viral prevalence and sex. Viral co-infections were identified in 0.52 % of birds, most commonly involving PaBV and BFDV. Among virus-positive individuals, the proportion of co-infections was highest in APV-positive birds (24.14 %), followed by PaBV (8.88 %) and BFDV (6.81 %). Temporal variation was observed in the monthly prevalence of PaBV and BFDV. However, further investigation is required to determine whether these fluctuations are associated with specific seasonal patterns. Our study emphasized the necessity of routine screening for PaBV, BFDV, and APV, which should be implemented, including clinically healthy birds, as clinically unaffected individuals may act as hidden reservoirs and contribute significantly to the ongoing disease burden within captive psittacine populations. Awareness of species-specific infection patterns and potential temporal variation can facilitate more targeted and effective disease monitoring in aviaries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 106562"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-13DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106554
Aleksandra Kosowska , Mónica Sánchez-Segovia , Jovita Fernández-Pinero , Néstor Porras , Sandra Barroso-Arévalo , Lidia Sánchez-Morales , Marta Díaz-Frutos , José A. Barasona
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and lethal hemorrhagic disease affecting domestic pigs and wild boar, with serious consequences for animal health, the swine industry, and socio-economic stability. Given the lack of effective treatments and the limited success of conventional control measures, live attenuated vaccines (LAVs) have emerged as the most promising option, particularly for oral administration in free-ranging wild boar. The naturally attenuated genotype I isolate NH/P68 has shown protective potential in domestic pigs but retains residual virulence and persistence risks. To increase attenuation and facilitate large-scale production, the isolate was adapted to the MA104 continuous cell line. In this study, we assessed the safety and efficacy of NH/P68-MA104 in wild boar using an oral prime-boost immunization protocol (a primary dose of 10⁴ TCID₅₀/mL followed by two booster doses of 10⁵ TCID₅₀/mL), followed by a challenge with 10 HAD₅₀/mL of the virulent genotype II Armenia07 (Arm07) isolate. Oral administration of NH/P68-MA104 was safe, with no adverse effects observed throughout the vaccination period. Only one animal developed transient viremia, which was accompanied by clinical signs and a detectable antibody response. Two additional animals showed mild viremia, while the remaining animals displayed no evidence of infection or seroconversion before the challenge. After the challenge, vaccinated wild boar were not protected: all animals developed fever, viremia, and clinical signs consistent with acute ASF and succumbed at 14 ± 3 days post-challenge (dpc), comparable to in-contact and intramuscularly (IM) infected controls. These results demonstrate that oral immunization of wild boar with NH/P68-MA104 is safe but ineffective under the tested conditions. Continued research is needed to refine vaccine candidates and delivery strategies to achieve effective immunization of wild boar.
{"title":"Ineffective oral immunization of wild boar with the attenuated African swine fever virus NH/P68 grown in MA104 cell line","authors":"Aleksandra Kosowska , Mónica Sánchez-Segovia , Jovita Fernández-Pinero , Néstor Porras , Sandra Barroso-Arévalo , Lidia Sánchez-Morales , Marta Díaz-Frutos , José A. Barasona","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106554","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106554","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and lethal hemorrhagic disease affecting domestic pigs and wild boar, with serious consequences for animal health, the swine industry, and socio-economic stability. Given the lack of effective treatments and the limited success of conventional control measures, live attenuated vaccines (LAVs) have emerged as the most promising option, particularly for oral administration in free-ranging wild boar. The naturally attenuated genotype I isolate NH/P68 has shown protective potential in domestic pigs but retains residual virulence and persistence risks. To increase attenuation and facilitate large-scale production, the isolate was adapted to the MA104 continuous cell line. In this study, we assessed the safety and efficacy of NH/P68-MA104 in wild boar using an oral prime-boost immunization protocol (a primary dose of 10⁴ TCID₅₀/mL followed by two booster doses of 10⁵ TCID₅₀/mL), followed by a challenge with 10 HAD₅₀/mL of the virulent genotype II Armenia07 (Arm07) isolate. Oral administration of NH/P68-MA104 was safe, with no adverse effects observed throughout the vaccination period. Only one animal developed transient viremia, which was accompanied by clinical signs and a detectable antibody response. Two additional animals showed mild viremia, while the remaining animals displayed no evidence of infection or seroconversion before the challenge. After the challenge, vaccinated wild boar were not protected: all animals developed fever, viremia, and clinical signs consistent with acute ASF and succumbed at 14 ± 3 days post-challenge (dpc), comparable to in-contact and intramuscularly (IM) infected controls. These results demonstrate that oral immunization of wild boar with NH/P68-MA104 is safe but ineffective under the tested conditions. Continued research is needed to refine vaccine candidates and delivery strategies to achieve effective immunization of wild boar.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 106554"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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