Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2026-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.110873
Jiale Wei , Zehui Li , Shiwen Li , Yunfei Xing , Feifei Wang , Xiaohui Jin , Zhanyong Wei
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emerging porcine coronavirus that causes acute watery diarrhea mainly in piglets. However, the mechanism of PDCoV infection is unclear, which hinders the development of new effective drugs and vaccines. In this study, host factors that involved in PDCoV infection were screened using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) based transcriptome analysis. Adhesion molecule, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), was selected from the differential genes. The expression of VCAM-1 was further verified by quantitative RT-PCR. It has also been validated in piglet challenge experiments. In the intestine mainly infected, VCAM-1 was detected to be significantly upregulated at the nucleic acid and protein levels. This indicates that VCAM-1 plays a role in the infection of PDCoV. These results help us to understand of the effects of PDCoV infection on host cells, providing a research basis for further screening of drug targets.
{"title":"Transcriptomic analysis reveals the host factor VCAM-1 affecting porcine delta coronavirus infection","authors":"Jiale Wei , Zehui Li , Shiwen Li , Yunfei Xing , Feifei Wang , Xiaohui Jin , Zhanyong Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.110873","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.110873","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emerging porcine coronavirus that causes acute watery diarrhea mainly in piglets. However, the mechanism of PDCoV infection is unclear, which hinders the development of new effective drugs and vaccines. In this study, host factors that involved in PDCoV infection were screened using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) based transcriptome analysis. Adhesion molecule, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), was selected from the differential genes. The expression of VCAM-1 was further verified by quantitative RT-PCR. It has also been validated in piglet challenge experiments. In the intestine mainly infected, VCAM-1 was detected to be significantly upregulated at the nucleic acid and protein levels. This indicates that VCAM-1 plays a role in the infection of PDCoV. These results help us to understand of the effects of PDCoV infection on host cells, providing a research basis for further screening of drug targets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"313 ","pages":"Article 110873"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110869
Junfang Yan , Xinru Liu , Huixin Zhu , Liang Li , Hongye Pan , Renjie Bao , Qiutian Li , Jing Sun , Houhui Song , Mingjun Su
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emerging porcine enteric coronavirus in China, with the risk of cross-species transmission and zoonotic infection. SERPINB1, serine protease inhibitor, is a potential therapeutic target. It is unclear whether its role in PDCoV replication. Our study found that PDCoV infection upregulates the expression level of SERPINB1, suggesting a potential role for SERPINB1 in the viral life cycle. Further investigation revealed that SERPINB1 is an essential factor for viral replication, and its RCL domain is the key region for its viral-promoting activity. Moreover, SERPINB1 interacts with accessory protein NS7a of PDCoV. Understanding the mechanism by which SERPINB1 targets viral encoded proteins to promote PDCoV replication can enrich the pathogenesis and immune mechanism of PDCoV, and provide new targets and important theoretical basis for the development of antiviral drugs.
{"title":"SERPINB1 promotes porcine deltacoronavirus replication by targeting the viral accessory protein NS7a","authors":"Junfang Yan , Xinru Liu , Huixin Zhu , Liang Li , Hongye Pan , Renjie Bao , Qiutian Li , Jing Sun , Houhui Song , Mingjun Su","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110869","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110869","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emerging porcine enteric coronavirus in China, with the risk of cross-species transmission and zoonotic infection. SERPINB1, serine protease inhibitor, is a potential therapeutic target. It is unclear whether its role in PDCoV replication. Our study found that PDCoV infection upregulates the expression level of SERPINB1, suggesting a potential role for SERPINB1 in the viral life cycle. Further investigation revealed that SERPINB1 is an essential factor for viral replication, and its RCL domain is the key region for its viral-promoting activity. Moreover, SERPINB1 interacts with accessory protein NS7a of PDCoV. Understanding the mechanism by which SERPINB1 targets viral encoded proteins to promote PDCoV replication can enrich the pathogenesis and immune mechanism of PDCoV, and provide new targets and important theoretical basis for the development of antiviral drugs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"313 ","pages":"Article 110869"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-21DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110849
Xingyi Xie , Dengkun Wang , Xueke Sun , Xuechen Li , Mengru Luo , Jiahao Cong , Wenju Yuan , Huihui Huang , Zhaojiang Chen , Yuhang Zhang , Zhengjie Kong , Bo Wan
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is one of the primary pathogens responsible for severe diarrhea in piglets, causing significant economic losses to the global swine industry. PANoptosis is a critical strategy for the host to resist viral invasion, but the mechanism by which PEDV evades the PANoptosis response remains unclear. In this study, we found that PANoptosis agonists significantly reduce PEDV replication and that PEDV Nsp14 specifically inhibits the activation of the ZBP1-RIPK3-MLKL axis. Mechanistically, we observed that Nsp14 inhibits the promoter activity of RIPK3 and RIPK1, thereby suppressing signal transduction. Additionally, RIPK1 can also recruit Caspase 8 to degrade Nsp14, thereby blocking PEDV replication. Our study reveals the function and mechanism of Nsp14 in PEDV-induced PANoptosis, providing new insights into how PEDV infection and immune evasion.
{"title":"PEDV nonstructural protein 14 inhibits RIPK3 and RIPK1-mediated PANoptosis","authors":"Xingyi Xie , Dengkun Wang , Xueke Sun , Xuechen Li , Mengru Luo , Jiahao Cong , Wenju Yuan , Huihui Huang , Zhaojiang Chen , Yuhang Zhang , Zhengjie Kong , Bo Wan","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110849","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110849","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is one of the primary pathogens responsible for severe diarrhea in piglets, causing significant economic losses to the global swine industry. PANoptosis is a critical strategy for the host to resist viral invasion, but the mechanism by which PEDV evades the PANoptosis response remains unclear. In this study, we found that PANoptosis agonists significantly reduce PEDV replication and that PEDV Nsp14 specifically inhibits the activation of the ZBP1-RIPK3-MLKL axis. Mechanistically, we observed that Nsp14 inhibits the promoter activity of RIPK3 and RIPK1, thereby suppressing signal transduction. Additionally, RIPK1 can also recruit Caspase 8 to degrade Nsp14, thereby blocking PEDV replication. Our study reveals the function and mechanism of Nsp14 in PEDV-induced PANoptosis, providing new insights into how PEDV infection and immune evasion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"313 ","pages":"Article 110849"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145828640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-29DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110859
Xiaoyue Du , Shuying Liu
Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) is an infectious neoplastic disease caused by jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV), leading to significant economic losses due to the absence of effective treatments. Based on the discovery that endogenous JSRV LTR is highly methylated in healthy tissues while exogenous JSRV LTR is demethylated in OPA lung tissues, this study explored targeted DNA methylation as an epigenetic therapeutic strategy. We constructed dCas9-DNMT3A and dCas9-KRAB epigenome editing systems targeting key CpG hotspots in the U3 region of exogenous JSRV LTR and established an exJSRV-LTR-driven Env overexpression tumor model in mouse lungs. Results showed that epigenome editing therapy significantly reduced tumor burden by 42.4 % (P < 0.001), prolonged survival as determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards modeling (hazard ratio 0.34–0.41, P < 0.005), while Env protein expression was downregulated by 72.4 % (immunohistochemistry) and 70.5 % (Western blot quantification). Safety assessment indicated no abnormal changes in histology, biochemical parameters, or inflammatory responses in treated mice. Mechanistic studies confirmed that targeted methylation significantly reduced transcription factor occupancy in the U3 region. This was achieved by recruiting heterochromatin marks, including upregulated H3K9me3 and H3K27me3, and downregulated H3K4me3, along with methylation reader proteins. These epigenetic changes collectively inhibited LTR transcriptional activity. Translational application analysis suggested good feasibility of AAV vector-based pulmonary delivery systems, with treatment costs significantly lower than traditional culling strategies. LTR methylation detection could serve as an early diagnostic biomarker and breeding selection tool. This study provides innovative strategies for OPA prevention and control, advancing veterinary precision medicine development and offering important reference for other retroviral diseases.
{"title":"Targeted DNA methylation of the JSRV LTR suppresses Env-driven pulmonary adenocarcinoma: Epigenetic silencing as a potential veterinary therapeutic strategy","authors":"Xiaoyue Du , Shuying Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110859","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110859","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) is an infectious neoplastic disease caused by jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV), leading to significant economic losses due to the absence of effective treatments. Based on the discovery that endogenous JSRV LTR is highly methylated in healthy tissues while exogenous JSRV LTR is demethylated in OPA lung tissues, this study explored targeted DNA methylation as an epigenetic therapeutic strategy. We constructed dCas9-DNMT3A and dCas9-KRAB epigenome editing systems targeting key CpG hotspots in the U3 region of exogenous JSRV LTR and established an exJSRV-LTR-driven <em>Env</em> overexpression tumor model in mouse lungs. Results showed that epigenome editing therapy significantly reduced tumor burden by 42.4 % (P < 0.001), prolonged survival as determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards modeling (hazard ratio 0.34–0.41, P < 0.005), while <em>Env</em> protein expression was downregulated by 72.4 % (immunohistochemistry) and 70.5 % (Western blot quantification). Safety assessment indicated no abnormal changes in histology, biochemical parameters, or inflammatory responses in treated mice. Mechanistic studies confirmed that targeted methylation significantly reduced transcription factor occupancy in the U3 region. This was achieved by recruiting heterochromatin marks, including upregulated H3K9me3 and H3K27me3, and downregulated H3K4me3, along with methylation reader proteins. These epigenetic changes collectively inhibited LTR transcriptional activity. Translational application analysis suggested good feasibility of AAV vector-based pulmonary delivery systems, with treatment costs significantly lower than traditional culling strategies. LTR methylation detection could serve as an early diagnostic biomarker and breeding selection tool. This study provides innovative strategies for OPA prevention and control, advancing veterinary precision medicine development and offering important reference for other retroviral diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"313 ","pages":"Article 110859"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145913105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-09DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110834
Zheng Wang , Chi Liu , Xuan Chen , Jianlan Li , Waner Li , Zhaxi Duoji , Qingcheng Yang , Ting Xu , Anyun Zhang , Peng Ma , Hongning Wang
Infectious Bronchitis virus (IBV) causes Infectious bronchitis (IB) is an acute, highly contagious disease primarily affecting chickens and other avian species, characterized by respiratory and renal pathologies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play pivotal roles in virus-host interactions and regulate diverse physiological and pathological processes during viral infection. Here, we demonstrate that IBV infection upregulates host-derived miR-17195 in HD11 cells, which targets and suppresses PLCβ2 to enhance replication. Moreover, miR-17195 promotes TAK1 phosphorylation by suppressing PLCβ2, which subsequently activates JNK/p38/NF-κB signaling to increase the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, we uncovered that IBV uniquely employs miR-17195-mediated PLCβ2 downregulation to potentiate cytokine storm-induced tissue damage, which contrasts with the PLCβ2 upregulation observed during NDV, VSV, or H9N2 infection, revealing a distinct viral pathogenesis mechanism. Overall, these results provide insights into IBV-induced multi-organ damage and highlight the therapeutic potential of modulating miR-17195 to mitigate IBV-associated disease severity.
{"title":"miR-17195 promotes infectious bronchitis virus proliferation and macrophage-mediated inflammation via the PLCβ2-TAK1 axis","authors":"Zheng Wang , Chi Liu , Xuan Chen , Jianlan Li , Waner Li , Zhaxi Duoji , Qingcheng Yang , Ting Xu , Anyun Zhang , Peng Ma , Hongning Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110834","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110834","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Infectious Bronchitis virus (IBV) causes Infectious bronchitis (IB) is an acute, highly contagious disease primarily affecting chickens and other avian species, characterized by respiratory and renal pathologies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play pivotal roles in virus-host interactions and regulate diverse physiological and pathological processes during viral infection. Here, we demonstrate that IBV infection upregulates host-derived miR-17195 in HD11 cells, which targets and suppresses PLCβ2 to enhance replication. Moreover, miR-17195 promotes TAK1 phosphorylation by suppressing PLCβ2, which subsequently activates JNK/p38/NF-κB signaling to increase the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, we uncovered that IBV uniquely employs miR-17195-mediated PLCβ2 downregulation to potentiate cytokine storm-induced tissue damage, which contrasts with the PLCβ2 upregulation observed during NDV, VSV, or H9N2 infection, revealing a distinct viral pathogenesis mechanism. Overall, these results provide insights into IBV-induced multi-organ damage and highlight the therapeutic potential of modulating miR-17195 to mitigate IBV-associated disease severity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"313 ","pages":"Article 110834"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145834959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-11-14DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110806
Yifei Chen , Zewei Li , Haiping Xie , Quan Li , Huoying Shi
Necrotic enteritis (NE) is a multifactorial intestinal disease in broilers caused by Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) and poses a substantial economic threat to the global poultry industry. There is an urgent need for effective control methods. Vaccination is an effective method for controlling NE infections. Screening and identification of new protective antigen candidates are of significant importance. In this study, three new C. perfringens candidate antigens， pyruvate kinase (PykA), hypothetical protein CPE1060 (CPE1060), and maltose ABC transporter substrate-binding protein (Mbp), which were identified based on immunoproteomics in the previous study, were evaluated for antigenicity, immunogenicity, and induced immune protection efficiency. The results showed that all three candidate antigens possessed good immunogenicity and antigenicity, could induce high levels of humoral and cellular immune responses, and could significantly reduce intestinal damage caused by Clostridium perfringens infections in chickens. Among them, the protective effects of CPE1060 and Mbp proteins as subunit vaccines were superior to those of PykA proteins. This study may provide new insights into the prevention and control of NE.
{"title":"Identification and evaluation of novel antigens PykA, CPE1060 and Mbp as G-type Clostridium perfringens subunit vaccines","authors":"Yifei Chen , Zewei Li , Haiping Xie , Quan Li , Huoying Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110806","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110806","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Necrotic enteritis (NE) is a multifactorial intestinal disease in broilers caused by <em>Clostridium perfringens</em> (<em>C. perfringens</em>) and poses a substantial economic threat to the global poultry industry. There is an urgent need for effective control methods. Vaccination is an effective method for controlling NE infections. Screening and identification of new protective antigen candidates are of significant importance. In this study, three new <em>C. perfringens</em> candidate antigens， pyruvate kinase (PykA), hypothetical protein CPE1060 (CPE1060), and maltose ABC transporter substrate-binding protein (Mbp), which were identified based on immunoproteomics in the previous study, were evaluated for antigenicity, immunogenicity, and induced immune protection efficiency. The results showed that all three candidate antigens possessed good immunogenicity and antigenicity, could induce high levels of humoral and cellular immune responses, and could significantly reduce intestinal damage caused by <em>Clostridium perfringens</em> infections in chickens. Among them, the protective effects of CPE1060 and Mbp proteins as subunit vaccines were superior to those of PykA proteins. This study may provide new insights into the prevention and control of NE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 110806"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145589098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-11-18DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110808
Isaac Framst , Michael L. Beeton , Shelley W. Peterson , Irene Martin , Jeff L. Caswell , Grazieli Maboni
Mycoplasma cynos and Mycoplasma felis are important respiratory pathogens in dogs and cats. Due to the challenges of culturing these fastidious bacteria, little is known about their antimicrobial susceptibility or mechanisms of pathogenicity. Treatment is typically empirical, as in vitro antimicrobial activity has not been evaluated, and therapeutic efficacy remains unclear. This study aimed to assess in vitro susceptibility and identify genetic markers of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and virulence in M. cynos and M. felis clinical isolates. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for doxycycline, tetracycline, minocycline, enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin, and azithromycin were determined using a broth microdilution assay developed for this study. Hybrid genomes were generated using Oxford Nanopore and Illumina sequencing. AMR-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gyrA gene correlated with high MICs to enrofloxacin and marbofloxacin in both species. Mutations in 23S rRNA were associated with reduced susceptibility to azithromycin. In M. felis, novel variants in gyrA and the 50S ribosomal protein L4 were linked to decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones and azithromycin, respectively. The data also suggest potential intrinsic resistance to azithromycin in M. felis. Low MICs were observed for tetracyclines, and resistance mutations were not identified in the 16S rRNA gene, supporting tetracyclines as effective first-line treatment options. Virulence genes, particularly those associated with adhesion and immune evasion, were detected in both M. cynos and M. felis. This study presents the first comprehensive genomic and phenotypic analysis of AMR and virulence in M. cynos and M. felis, providing new insights into their pathogenicity and informing evidence-based therapeutic strategies.
{"title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility and genomic determinants of resistance and virulence in Mycoplasma cynos and Mycoplasma felis","authors":"Isaac Framst , Michael L. Beeton , Shelley W. Peterson , Irene Martin , Jeff L. Caswell , Grazieli Maboni","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110808","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110808","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Mycoplasma cynos</em> and <em>Mycoplasma felis</em> are important respiratory pathogens in dogs and cats. Due to the challenges of culturing these fastidious bacteria, little is known about their antimicrobial susceptibility or mechanisms of pathogenicity. Treatment is typically empirical, as <em>in vitro</em> antimicrobial activity has not been evaluated, and therapeutic efficacy remains unclear. This study aimed to assess <em>in vitro</em> susceptibility and identify genetic markers of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and virulence in <em>M. cynos</em> and <em>M. felis</em> clinical isolates. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for doxycycline, tetracycline, minocycline, enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin, and azithromycin were determined using a broth microdilution assay developed for this study. Hybrid genomes were generated using Oxford Nanopore and Illumina sequencing. AMR-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the <em>gyrA</em> gene correlated with high MICs to enrofloxacin and marbofloxacin in both species. Mutations in 23S rRNA were associated with reduced susceptibility to azithromycin. In <em>M. felis</em>, novel variants in <em>gyrA</em> and the 50S ribosomal protein L4 were linked to decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones and azithromycin, respectively. The data also suggest potential intrinsic resistance to azithromycin in <em>M. felis</em>. Low MICs were observed for tetracyclines, and resistance mutations were not identified in the 16S rRNA gene, supporting tetracyclines as effective first-line treatment options. Virulence genes, particularly those associated with adhesion and immune evasion, were detected in both <em>M. cynos</em> and <em>M. felis</em>. This study presents the first comprehensive genomic and phenotypic analysis of AMR and virulence in <em>M. cynos</em> and <em>M. felis</em>, providing new insights into their pathogenicity and informing evidence-based therapeutic strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 110808"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145570251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110812
Dongmin Zhao , Xinmei Huang , Lijiao Zhang , Kaikai Han , Jing Yang , Fengying Lu , Fengyao Wu , Xin Yin , Dan Su , Kai Xu , Yin Li , Xiaofei Zhang , Yuzhuo Liu , Qingtao Liu
Goose astrovirus (GoAstV) is an emerging pathogen responsible for severe gout in goslings, causing substantial economic losses to the waterfowl industry, with no commercially available vaccines to date. In this study, we developed a novel mRNA vaccine expressing the capsid protein of GoAstV, delivered via lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). The vaccine elicited robust humoral and cellular immune responses in mice, including high titers of GoAstV-specific IgG, IgM, and neutralizing antibodies, significantly increased lymphocyte proliferation capacity, and a Th2-biased cytokine profile. In goslings, the vaccine induced neutralizing antibodies that peaked at four weeks post-immunization and significantly reduced viral shedding following challenge with a virulent GoAstV strain. This is the first report demonstrating the efficacy of an mRNA-based vaccine against GoAstV, highlighting its potential as an innovative strategy for controlling GoAstV infection in geese. Our findings provide a foundation for further development of mRNA vaccines against GoAstV and underscore their promise in addressing emerging viral diseases in poultry.
{"title":"An mRNA vaccine expressing the capsid protein of goose astrovirus elicits protective immunity","authors":"Dongmin Zhao , Xinmei Huang , Lijiao Zhang , Kaikai Han , Jing Yang , Fengying Lu , Fengyao Wu , Xin Yin , Dan Su , Kai Xu , Yin Li , Xiaofei Zhang , Yuzhuo Liu , Qingtao Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110812","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110812","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Goose astrovirus (GoAstV) is an emerging pathogen responsible for severe gout in goslings, causing substantial economic losses to the waterfowl industry, with no commercially available vaccines to date. In this study, we developed a novel mRNA vaccine expressing the capsid protein of GoAstV, delivered via lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). The vaccine elicited robust humoral and cellular immune responses in mice, including high titers of GoAstV-specific IgG, IgM, and neutralizing antibodies, significantly increased lymphocyte proliferation capacity, and a Th2-biased cytokine profile. In goslings, the vaccine induced neutralizing antibodies that peaked at four weeks post-immunization and significantly reduced viral shedding following challenge with a virulent GoAstV strain. This is the first report demonstrating the efficacy of an mRNA-based vaccine against GoAstV, highlighting its potential as an innovative strategy for controlling GoAstV infection in geese. Our findings provide a foundation for further development of mRNA vaccines against GoAstV and underscore their promise in addressing emerging viral diseases in poultry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 110812"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145570250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-11-08DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110780
Amanda Carvalho Rosado Ferreira , Mariana Fernandes de Moura , Isabela Maki Sato , Anna Cecília Trolesi Reis Borges Costa , Thales Quedi Furian , Marcos Rogério André , Renato Gregorin , Elaine Maria Seles Dorneles
The bats have stood out for their flexibility and adaptation to urban centers; moreover, are described as potential carriers of pathogens, which altogether raises One health concerns. Therefore, the presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria (Salmonella spp., Leptospira spp., Bartonella spp., Yersinia enterocolitica, Staphylococcus aureus, Rickettsia spp., Pasteurella multocida, Coxiella burnetii, and Listeria monocytogenes) in bat species in Brazil was investigated. A total of 283 bat liver samples belonging to 78 bat species from six Brazilian states were retrieved from the Mammal Collection of the Federal University of Lavras. DNA was extracted from liver samples and tested for the presence of the described pathogens using PCR and qPCR techniques. The results showed that 5.65 % of the bats were positive for at least one pathogen, with the most commonly observed being Salmonella spp. and Y. enterocolitica. The positive samples were mainly from Minas Gerais state, with a higher prevalence in males and aerial insectivorous species. These results highlight the importance of monitoring these mammals as potential vectors/reservoirs of zoonotic pathogens and contribute to a broader understanding of the role of bats for public and animal health.
{"title":"Molecular evaluation of zoonotic bacterial pathogens in high diversity of bats from Brazil","authors":"Amanda Carvalho Rosado Ferreira , Mariana Fernandes de Moura , Isabela Maki Sato , Anna Cecília Trolesi Reis Borges Costa , Thales Quedi Furian , Marcos Rogério André , Renato Gregorin , Elaine Maria Seles Dorneles","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110780","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110780","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The bats have stood out for their flexibility and adaptation to urban centers; moreover, are described as potential carriers of pathogens, which altogether raises One health concerns. Therefore, the presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria (<em>Salmonella</em> spp., <em>Leptospira</em> spp., <em>Bartonella</em> spp., <em>Yersinia enterocolitica</em>, <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, <em>Rickettsia</em> spp., <em>Pasteurella multocida</em>, <em>Coxiella burnetii</em>, and <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em>) in bat species in Brazil was investigated. A total of 283 bat liver samples belonging to 78 bat species from six Brazilian states were retrieved from the Mammal Collection of the Federal University of Lavras. DNA was extracted from liver samples and tested for the presence of the described pathogens using PCR and qPCR techniques. The results showed that 5.65 % of the bats were positive for at least one pathogen, with the most commonly observed being <em>Salmonella</em> spp. and <em>Y. enterocolitica</em>. The positive samples were mainly from Minas Gerais state, with a higher prevalence in males and aerial insectivorous species. These results highlight the importance of monitoring these mammals as potential vectors/reservoirs of zoonotic pathogens and contribute to a broader understanding of the role of bats for public and animal health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 110780"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145519021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-11-11DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110793
Camila Pachêco Gomes , Lucas Santana Coelho da Silva , Bruna Carolina de Brito Guimarães , Manoel Neres Santos Júnior , Maysa Santos Barbosa , Beatriz Almeida Sampaio , Jorge Timenetsky , Bruno Lopes Bastos , Lucas Miranda Marques
Mycoplasma bovis is an important pathogen that affects cattle worldwide. This study aimed to construct and evaluate the antigenicity and immunogenicity of recombinant chimeric proteins containing exclusive M. bovis epitopes. The non-redundant proteomes of M. bovis in UniProt were analyzed using the programs PsortB, TopCons, Cello2GO, BepiPred, LbTope, and IEDB, which resulted in the selection of B-cell epitopes. For the selection of T-cell epitopes, bovine alleles present in IPD were analyzed in NetMHCIIPan with previously selected M. bovis proteins. Using the chosen epitopes, two chimeric proteins (PQ1Mb and PQ2Mb) were constructed, which were expressed in E. coli BL21 Tuner (DE3) induced by Isopropyl β-D-1-tiogalactopiranosídeo (IPTG) at 18°C (PQ1Mb) and in E. coli BL21 (DE3) in auto-inducing medium at 25°C (PQ2Mb), using the pET-28a(+) vector. Antigenicity was confirmed through a Dot blot. Subsequently, Gir breed cows were immunized with the purified proteins and Montanide ISA 61 VG adjuvant, in two doses 30 days apart. The results demonstrate that the proteins induced antibody production. The avidity of the antibodies was also assessed, where the amount required to dissociate 50 % of the antibody in animals after vaccination ranged from 2.5 to 5.4 M of ammonium thiocyanate. Thus, the high specificity of these chimeric antigens suggests their potential for developing an effective vaccine against M. bovis and for improving immunodiagnostic testing.
{"title":"Construction and immunological characterization of two chimeric proteins built from the Mycoplasma bovis genome","authors":"Camila Pachêco Gomes , Lucas Santana Coelho da Silva , Bruna Carolina de Brito Guimarães , Manoel Neres Santos Júnior , Maysa Santos Barbosa , Beatriz Almeida Sampaio , Jorge Timenetsky , Bruno Lopes Bastos , Lucas Miranda Marques","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110793","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110793","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Mycoplasma bovis</em> is an important pathogen that affects cattle worldwide. This study aimed to construct and evaluate the antigenicity and immunogenicity of recombinant chimeric proteins containing exclusive <em>M. bovis</em> epitopes. The non-redundant proteomes of <em>M. bovis</em> in UniProt were analyzed using the programs PsortB, TopCons, Cello2GO, BepiPred, LbTope, and IEDB, which resulted in the selection of B-cell epitopes. For the selection of T-cell epitopes, bovine alleles present in IPD were analyzed in NetMHCIIPan with previously selected <em>M. bovis</em> proteins. Using the chosen epitopes, two chimeric proteins (PQ1Mb and PQ2Mb) were constructed, which were expressed in <em>E. coli</em> BL21 Tuner (DE3) induced by Isopropyl β-D-1-tiogalactopiranosídeo (IPTG) at 18°C (PQ1Mb) and in <em>E. coli</em> BL21 (DE3) in auto-inducing medium at 25°C (PQ2Mb), using the pET-28a(+) vector. Antigenicity was confirmed through a Dot blot. Subsequently, Gir breed cows were immunized with the purified proteins and Montanide ISA 61 VG adjuvant, in two doses 30 days apart. The results demonstrate that the proteins induced antibody production. The avidity of the antibodies was also assessed, where the amount required to dissociate 50 % of the antibody in animals after vaccination ranged from 2.5 to 5.4 M of ammonium thiocyanate. Thus, the high specificity of these chimeric antigens suggests their potential for developing an effective vaccine against <em>M. bovis</em> and for improving immunodiagnostic testing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 110793"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145519019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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