Veterinary microbiology最新文献_第4页

Sub-inhibitory tilmicosin promotes horizontal transfer of bla_NDM via extracellular vesicles through activation of the zraS/zraR system. 亚抑制性替米考星通过激活zraS/zraR系统，促进blaNDM通过细胞外囊泡的水平转移。

IF 2.7 2区农林科学 Q3 MICROBIOLOGY

Veterinary microbiology

Pub Date : 2026-03-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.110974

Jing Zuo, Di Xie, Qian Chen, Ke Wu, Jian Yang, Yulian Hu, Heting Xu, Yizhi Tang, Changwei Lei, Cui Li, Hongning Wang

The frequent use of macrolide antibiotics such as tilmicosin (TMS) in livestock production has raised increasing concerns about their potential role in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), nanoscale bilayered structures secreted by bacteria, have emerged as novel mediators of horizontal gene transfer (HGT), particularly under antibiotic-induced stress conditions. In this study, we investigated the effects of sub-inhibitory concentrations of TMS on EVs production and its contribution to the transfer of the bla_NDM resistance gene in carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (CREC) isolated from swine. Exposure to 1/32 minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) TMS significantly enhanced EVs secretion in CREC, accompanied by increased vesicle concentration and a dose-dependent elevation in the intra-species transfer frequency of bla_NDM. Transcriptomic profiling revealed substantial changes in the expression of genes associated with signal transduction and membrane structure, and identified the zraS/zraR two-component system as a potential key regulator. Deletion of zraS and zraR using CRISPR/Cas9 led to marked reductions in EVs production and bla_NDM transfer, confirming the central role of zraS/zraR in TMS-induced EVs biogenesis. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that TMS can promote EV-mediated dissemination of bla_NDM by activating the zraS/zraR regulatory pathway, providing new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying antibiotic-driven resistance spread in swine farms and supporting more prudent use of macrolides in animal husbandry.

牲畜生产中频繁使用大环内酯类抗生素，如替米霉素（TMS），已引起人们对其在抗菌素耐药性传播中的潜在作用的日益关注。细胞外囊泡（EVs）是由细菌分泌的纳米级双层结构，已成为水平基因转移（HGT）的新型介质，特别是在抗生素诱导的应激条件下。在这项研究中，我们研究了亚抑制浓度的TMS对猪分离的碳青霉烯抗性大肠杆菌（CREC）的电动汽车生产的影响及其对blaNDM抗性基因转移的贡献。暴露于1/32最低抑制浓度（MIC）的TMS显著增强了CREC中EVs的分泌，伴随着囊泡浓度的增加和blaNDM种内转移频率的剂量依赖性升高。转录组学分析显示，与信号转导和膜结构相关的基因表达发生了实质性变化，并确定了zraS/zraR双组分系统是潜在的关键调控因子。使用CRISPR/Cas9删除zraS和zraR导致ev产生和blaNDM转移显著减少，证实了zraS/zraR在tms诱导的ev生物发生中的核心作用。总之，我们的研究结果表明，经颅磁刺激可以通过激活zraS/zraR调控途径促进ev介导的blaNDM传播，为猪场抗生素驱动的耐药性传播的分子机制提供了新的见解，并支持在畜牧业中更谨慎地使用大环内酯类药物。

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引用次数: 0

Investigating the pro-inflammatory role of a secreted protein MbovP537 from Mycoplasma bovis: Potential as a diagnostic marker 研究牛支原体分泌蛋白MbovP537的促炎作用：作为诊断标志物的潜力

IF 2.7 2区农林科学 Q3 MICROBIOLOGY

Veterinary microbiology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.110876

Abdul Karim Khalid , Doukun Lu , Gang Zhao , Yong Li , Chao Wang , Ye Zhi , Tahira Iftakhar , Aizhen Guo , Yingyu Chen

Mycoplasma bovis causes significant economic losses in cattle production, yet its pathogenic mechanisms remain incompletely understood. In this study, we characterize MbovP537 as a novel virulence factor and diagnostic marker for M. bovis. Bioinformatic analysis confirmed its identity as a secreted aromatic cluster surface protein (296 aa) with high antigenicity (VaxiJen score: 1.45). Recombinant MbovP537 (rMbovP537) exhibited strong immunogenicity in indirect ELISA, demonstrating 93.3 % sensitivity and 96.7 % specificity (AUC = 0.95) in detecting natural infections in cattle. Functional analysis revealed that deletion of MbovP537 abolished bacterial adhesion (5.6-fold reduction vs. wild-type, P < 0.001) without affecting growth, while attenuating proinflammatory responses (P < 0.001) in BoMac cells. Complementation partially restored both adhesion and inflammation. Crucially, endotoxin-free rMbovP537 directly triggered dose-dependent upregulation of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 (P < 0.001 at 10 μg/mL), In contrast, the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 were not significantly affected. These results indicated that MbovP537 may be essential for host colonization and immunopathology, while its diagnostic performance supports its potential applications in serological testing.

牛支原体在牛生产中造成重大经济损失，但其致病机制尚不完全清楚。在这项研究中，我们将MbovP537定性为牛分枝杆菌的一种新的毒力因子和诊断标志物。生物信息学分析证实其为分泌型芳香簇表面蛋白（296 aa），具有高抗原性（VaxiJen评分：1.45）。重组MbovP537 （rMbovP537）在间接ELISA中表现出较强的免疫原性，检测牛自然感染的灵敏度为93.3 %，特异性为96.7 % （AUC = 0.95）。功能分析显示，MbovP537的缺失消除了细菌粘附（与野生型相比减少5.6倍，P <； 0.001），而不影响生长，同时减弱了BoMac细胞的促炎反应（P <； 0.001）。补体部分恢复粘连和炎症。关键是，无内毒素的rMbovP537直接引发IL-1β、IL-6和IL-8的剂量依赖性上调（P <； 0.001,10 μg/mL），相反，抗炎细胞因子IL-4和IL-10没有显著影响。这些结果表明MbovP537可能是宿主定植和免疫病理所必需的，而其诊断性能支持其在血清学检测中的潜在应用。

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引用次数: 0

Genomic analysis of a porcine exudative epidermitis outbreak caused by Staphylococcus hyicus 猪渗出性表皮炎爆发的猪葡萄球菌的基因组分析

IF 2.7 2区农林科学 Q3 MICROBIOLOGY

Veterinary microbiology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.110883

Alec Truswell , David Jordan , Stanley Pang , Tanya Cherrington , David J. Hampson , John Blinco , Sandy Adsett , Rebecca Abraham , Marc Stegger , Sam Abraham

Exudative epidermitis (EE) causes substantial morbidity and mortality in piglets. This study investigated the microbial ecology, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and genomic diversity of Staphylococcus hyicus associated with an EE outbreak in an Australian piggery.

Lesion swabs from 20 affected piglets yielded 160 bacterial isolates (including S. hyicus and cohabiting species). Isolates underwent species identification, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of S. hyicus for AMR/virulence gene profiling and core-genome SNP analysis to assess genomic relatedness.

S. hyicus predominated among lesion isolates. Phenotypic testing showed varied AMR, with frequent resistance to erythromycin and tetracycline. WGS of 27 S. hyicus isolates identified five distinct genotypic AMR profiles, including combinations spanning multiple drug classes. All S. hyicus carried the exfoliative toxin gene shetA, and 24 also carried exhD.

Core-genome analysis indicated a highly clonal outbreak: 24/27 genomes differed by 0 core SNPs, with the remaining three closely related. Despite this clonality, resistance gene carriage varied across isolates. Consequently, reliance on a single colony to represent an outbreak could understate resistance and overstate treatability.

These findings support routine multi-isolate sampling to capture within-clone AMR variability, bolster antimicrobial selection during EE management, and inform consideration of autogenous vaccines targeting dominant outbreak clones.

渗出性表皮炎（EE）在仔猪中引起大量的发病率和死亡率。本研究调查了与澳大利亚猪场EE暴发相关的葡萄球菌的微生物生态、抗菌素耐药性（AMR）和基因组多样性。从20头受感染仔猪的病变拭子中分离出160株细菌（包括葡萄球菌和同居种）。对分离株进行物种鉴定、药敏试验和全基因组测序（WGS），进行抗菌素耐药性/毒力基因分析和核心基因组SNP分析，以评估基因组亲缘性。病株中以Hyicus为主。表型检测显示不同的AMR，常见的耐红霉素和四环素。27株hyicus菌株的WGS鉴定出5种不同的基因型AMR谱，包括跨越多种药物类别的组合。所有hyicus均携带剥脱毒素基因shetA，其中24株携带exhD基因。核心基因组分析表明这是一次高度克隆爆发：24/27个基因组差异0个核心snp，其余3个密切相关。尽管存在这种克隆性，但不同菌株间的抗性基因携带情况不同。因此，依靠单一菌落来代表爆发可能会低估耐药性和夸大可治疗性。这些发现支持常规多分离物取样以捕获克隆内抗菌素耐药性变异性，支持EE管理期间的抗菌药物选择，并为考虑针对优势爆发克隆的自体疫苗提供信息。

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引用次数: 0

A replication-defective bivalent adenovirus-vectored vaccine provides robust and durable protection against both canine distemper virus and canine parvovirus 一种复制缺陷二价腺病毒载体疫苗对犬瘟热病毒和犬细小病毒提供了强大而持久的保护。

IF 2.7 2区农林科学 Q3 MICROBIOLOGY

Veterinary microbiology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.110933

Ying Hu , Xiaohu Han , Shuo Zhu , Yuan Zhang , Yifan Peng , Chengguang Zhang , Ming Zhou , Ling Zhao

Canine distemper virus (CDV) and canine parvovirus (CPV) are highly contagious and often fatal pathogens in dogs. Current live-attenuated vaccines, while effective, carry the risk of virulence reversion. This study aimed to develop a safer, replication-defective bivalent vaccine using an adenovirus vector to simultaneously protect against both CDV and CPV. The recombinant vaccine, designated Ad5-(VP2 +H), was engineered to coexpress the CDV hemagglutinin (H) protein (CDV-H) and the CPV Viral Protein 2 (CPV-VP2). Its immunogenicity and protective efficacy were evaluated in mouse and canine models. The results demonstrated that Ad5-(VP2 +H) elicited a potent and durable antigen-specific immune response. Furthermore, compared with a commercially available live attenuated vaccine, the Ad5-(VP2 +H) candidate exhibited a superior safety profile. In conclusion, the adenovirus-vectored Ad5-(VP2 +H) vaccine is a promising and safer alternative for the simultaneous prevention of CDV and CPV in dogs. This approach addresses the key limitation of traditional live-attenuated vaccines by eliminating the risk of virulence reversion while providing effective immunity.

犬瘟热病毒（CDV）和犬细小病毒（CPV）是高度传染性的，通常是狗的致命病原体。目前的减毒活疫苗虽然有效，但存在毒力逆转的风险。本研究旨在利用腺病毒载体开发一种更安全、复制缺陷的二价疫苗，以同时预防CDV和CPV。重组疫苗Ad5-（VP2 +H）被设计为共表达CDV血凝素(H)蛋白（CDV-H）和CPV病毒蛋白2 （CPV-VP2）。在小鼠和犬模型上评价其免疫原性和保护作用。结果表明，Ad5-（VP2 +H）引发了有效和持久的抗原特异性免疫反应。此外，与市售的减毒活疫苗相比，Ad5-（VP2 +H）候选疫苗表现出更高的安全性。总之，腺病毒载体Ad5-（VP2 +H）疫苗是同时预防犬CDV和CPV的一种有希望且更安全的替代方法。这种方法解决了传统减毒活疫苗的主要局限性，消除了毒力逆转的风险，同时提供了有效的免疫。

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引用次数: 0

Whole-genome analysis of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale from turkeys in Poland: Insights into global diversity, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance 波兰火鸡鼻气管鸟杆菌的全基因组分析：对全球多样性、毒力和抗菌素耐药性的见解。

IF 2.7 2区农林科学 Q3 MICROBIOLOGY

Veterinary microbiology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.110908

Marek Blanda , Olimpia Kursa , Joanna Kowalczyk , Marcin Śmiałek

Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) is an emerging avian respiratory pathogen of global concern, causing significant economic losses, particularly in turkeys. Although its distribution is worldwide, genomic data from different geographic regions remain scarce, limiting understanding of its genetic diversity, virulence-associated features, and antimicrobial resistance profiles. In this study, we performed whole-genome sequencing of 49 O. rhinotracheale isolates recovered from respiratory tract and joint lesions during outbreaks of ornithobacteriosis in turkeys in Poland to characterize sequence types and explore the genomic diversity and the distribution of virulence- and resistance-associated genes. Comparative multilocus sequence typing revealed high genetic heterogeneity, including three novel sequence types (ST46, ST50, ST51), highlighting ongoing local diversification within a globally distributed pathogen. Whole-genome core single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)–based phylogenetic analysis further resolved genetic relationships among isolates and identified major genomic clusters. Genomic profiling identified several virulence-associated genes and insertion sequences, including IS4351 and ISMlu9. Distinct resistance gene patterns observed between major STs (ST3, ST46) were observed. These findings provide new insights into the genomic diversity of O. rhinotracheale populations and contribute to a broader understanding of its epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance in poultry worldwide.

鼻气管鸟杆菌（ORT）是一种新兴的全球关注的禽类呼吸道病原体，造成重大的经济损失，特别是在火鸡中。尽管其分布在世界各地，但来自不同地理区域的基因组数据仍然稀缺，限制了对其遗传多样性、毒力相关特征和抗微生物药物耐药性谱的了解。在这项研究中，我们对波兰火鸡鸟杆菌病暴发期间从呼吸道和关节病变中分离出来的49株O. rhinotracheale进行了全基因组测序，以表征序列类型，并探索基因组多样性以及毒力和耐药性相关基因的分布。比较多位点序列分型显示了高度的遗传异质性，包括三种新的序列类型（ST46, ST50, ST51），突出了在全球分布的病原体中正在进行的局部多样化。基于全基因组核心单核苷酸多态性（SNP）的系统发育分析进一步确定了分离株之间的遗传关系，并确定了主要的基因组簇。基因组分析鉴定了几个毒力相关基因和插入序列，包括IS4351和ISMlu9。主要STs （ST3, ST46）之间存在不同的抗性基因模式。这些发现为O. rhinotracheale种群的基因组多样性提供了新的见解，并有助于更广泛地了解其在全球家禽中的流行病学和抗菌素耐药性。

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引用次数: 0

Rotavirus induces mucosal B-cell responses through the TLR3/TRIF and MAVS pathways 轮状病毒通过TLR3/TRIF和MAVS途径诱导粘膜b细胞应答。

IF 2.7 2区农林科学 Q3 MICROBIOLOGY

Veterinary microbiology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.110910

Rong-Rong Zhang, Yong-Yi Yang, Man Wang, Wen-Ru Yang, Riaz Muhammad Azeem, Fu-Xuan Niu, Ya-Xin Yang, Man-Jie Hu, Chun-Wei Shi, Gui-Lian Yang, Hai-Bin Huang, Jian-Zhong Wang, Yan-Long Jiang, Xin Cao, Nan Wang, Yan Zeng, Wen-Tao Yang, Chun-Feng Wang

Rotavirus (RV) infection is a zoonotic disease that causes severe diarrhea in young mammals and humans and is spreading globally. The TLR3/TRIF and RIG-I/MAVS signaling pathways are activated upon recognition of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and play crucial roles in the host antiviral response during RV infection. However, the mechanism by which RV induces B-cell immune responses through TLR3 and RIG-I signaling remains unclear. Here, T-cell receptor (TCR) sequencing results revealed that TRIF gene deletion affects the frequency of complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) clones recognizing antigen peptides presented by MHC-II on B cells and the utilization of V and J genes in mouse CD4⁺ T cells. Specifically, a reduced frequency of germinal center (GC)-activated B cells was observed in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) of TLR3^-/-, TRIF^-/-, and MAVS^-/- mice. Similarly, the levels of antibodies secreted by B cells in serum and CD138⁺IgA⁺ cells in the small intestine decreased. The simultaneous absence of the TLR3 and MAVS genes weakened the proliferative capacity of B cells. This study elucidates the mechanism by which RV regulates B-cell immunity through the TLR3/TRIF and MAVS signaling pathways, providing theoretical basis for novel vaccine development.

轮状病毒（RV）感染是一种在幼龄哺乳动物和人类中引起严重腹泻的人畜共患疾病，并正在全球传播。TLR3/TRIF和RIG-I/MAVS信号通路在识别双链RNA （dsRNA）时被激活，并在RV感染期间宿主抗病毒反应中发挥关键作用。然而，RV通过TLR3和rig - 1信号诱导b细胞免疫应答的机制尚不清楚。这里，T细胞受体（TCR）测序结果显示，TRIF基因缺失会影响B细胞上识别MHC-II呈递抗原肽的互补决定区3 （CDR3）克隆的频率，以及小鼠CD4+ T细胞中V和J基因的利用。具体来说，在TLR3-/-、TRIF-/-和MAVS-/-小鼠的肠系膜淋巴结（MLNs）中观察到生发中心（GC）激活的B细胞频率降低。同样，血清中B细胞和小肠中CD138+IgA+细胞分泌的抗体水平下降。TLR3和MAVS基因同时缺失会削弱B细胞的增殖能力。本研究阐明了RV通过TLR3/TRIF和MAVS信号通路调控b细胞免疫的机制，为新型疫苗的研制提供理论依据。

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引用次数: 0

Intranasal vaccination with gB adjuvanted by poly(I:C) induces complete protection against pseudorabies virus in swine 经多聚（I:C）佐剂的gB鼻内接种对猪伪狂犬病毒具有完全的保护作用。

IF 2.7 2区农林科学 Q3 MICROBIOLOGY

Veterinary microbiology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.110935

Shubin Li , Yuye Liu , Qiang Zhang , Qingyu Gao , Jiachen Liu , Yifei Zhu , Yulu Bao , Yun Zhang , Qian Yang

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is an important swine pathogen causing severe economic losses worldwide. Nasal mucosa serves as the initial entry site for PRV, highlighting the importance of nasal mucosal immunity in limiting infection. Here, we investigated the immune responses and protection against PRV for the intranasal vaccination of glycoprotein B (gB) subunit vaccine adjuvanted with poly(I:C). In piglets, immunohistochemistry showed rapid uptake of the gB by the nasal mucosa within 2 h, supporting subsequent immune activation. Upon challenge with the PRV variant ZJ01, intranasal gB vaccination provided complete clinical protection with the absence of clinical signs, substantially reduced virus load in tissues and viral shedding, and no pathological lesions. Relative to intramuscular gB or the live attenuated Bartha-K61 vaccination, intranasal gB vaccination elicited stronger mucosal antibody responses and greater infiltration of CD3⁺ T cells, CD19⁺ B cells, and IgA-secreting cells in the nasal cavity. Notably, intranasal immunization followed by challenge promoted the formation of tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) in the turbinate, providing a local niche for adaptive immune responses. Consistent with histological observation, transcriptomic profiling of nasal mucosa revealed activation of the IL-17 and TNF signaling pathways, which are implicated in the formation and maintenance of TLS. These findings demonstrate that intranasal gB vaccination might represent a promising mucosal vaccination strategy for controlling PRV infection in swine.

伪狂犬病毒（PRV）是一种重要的猪病原体，在世界范围内造成严重的经济损失。鼻黏膜是PRV的初始进入部位，突出了鼻黏膜免疫在限制感染中的重要性。本文研究了多聚（I:C）佐剂糖蛋白B （gB）亚单位疫苗鼻内接种对PRV的免疫应答和保护作用。在仔猪中，免疫组织化学显示，在2 h内，gB被鼻黏膜快速吸收，支持随后的免疫激活。在用PRV变体ZJ01攻击后，鼻内接种gB疫苗提供了完全的临床保护，没有临床症状，大大减少了组织中的病毒载量和病毒脱落，没有病理病变。相对于肌注gB或减毒活疫苗Bartha-K61，鼻内接种gB能引起更强的粘膜抗体反应，CD3 + T细胞、CD19 + B细胞和鼻腔内iga分泌细胞的浸润也更大。值得注意的是，鼻内免疫后的攻击促进了鼻甲三级淋巴结构（TLS）的形成，为适应性免疫应答提供了局部生态位。与组织学观察一致，鼻黏膜转录组学分析显示IL-17和TNF信号通路的激活，这些信号通路与TLS的形成和维持有关。这些发现表明，鼻内gB疫苗可能是控制猪PRV感染的一种有希望的粘膜疫苗接种策略。

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引用次数: 0

Development and evaluation of a live-attenuated novel duck reovirus vaccine strain E232-P100 conferring complete protection in ducklings 鸭呼肠孤病毒新型减毒活疫苗E232-P100株的研制与评价，对雏鸭具有完全保护作用。

IF 2.7 2区农林科学 Q3 MICROBIOLOGY

Veterinary microbiology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.110929

Siying Fang, Chenchen Xu, Jiabin Zhang, Haiyang Yin, Wenjian Liu, Biao Xu, Jiajia Li, Phoo Eikari Kyaw, Shuhui Liu, Suquan Song, Liping Yan

Novel duck reovirus (NDRV) is a major pathogen that causes immunosuppression and secondary infections in ducklings, resulting in elevated mortality and severe economic losses to the global duck industry. However, there is currently no licensed vaccine available in China for the effective prevention and control of NDRV infections. To effectively control NDRV outbreaks, we developed a live-attenuated vaccine candidate against NDRV by serially passaging the NDRV E232 strain in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicken embryos and DF-1 cells. The resulting E232-P100 strain replicated efficiently in DF-1 cells, with viral titers reaching up to 10^7.0 TCID₅₀/0.2 mL. No clinical symptoms or pathological lesions were observed in two-day-old Cherry Valley ducklings inoculated with E232-P100, and no virulence reversion was observed after five rounds of in vivo back-passage in ducklings. The minimum protective dose of the attenuated E232-P100 strain was 10^3.0 TCID₅₀/0.2 mL. Evaluation of the onset of immune protection showed that complete protection was achieved by 5 days post-vaccination. Comparative genomic analysis revealed 18 amino acid substitutions between E232-P100 and the parental E232 strain, including three within the σC protein that are potentially associated with attenuation. Collectively, the E232-P100 strain represents a safe, stable, and highly protective live attenuated vaccine candidate for the prevention of NDRV infection, providing a promising foundation for the development of effective prevention strategies against NDRV epidemics in waterfowl populations.

新型鸭呼肠孤病毒（NDRV）是引起雏鸭免疫抑制和继发性感染的主要病原体，导致死亡率升高，并给全球鸭业造成严重的经济损失。然而，中国目前还没有获得许可的疫苗来有效预防和控制NDRV感染。为了有效控制NDRV的爆发，我们将NDRV E232毒株在SPF鸡胚和DF-1细胞中连续传代，开发了NDRV减毒活疫苗候选株。所得E232-P100菌株在DF-1细胞中高效复制，病毒滴度高达107.0 TCID50/0.2 mL。接种E232-P100 2日龄樱桃谷雏鸭未见临床症状和病理病变，5轮体内回传后雏鸭毒力未见逆转。E232-P100减毒株的最低保护剂量为103.0 TCID50/0.2 mL。免疫保护开始的评估表明，免疫接种后5天达到完全保护。比较基因组分析显示，E232- p100与亲本E232菌株之间存在18个氨基酸替换，其中3个位于σC蛋白内，可能与衰减有关。综上所述，E232-P100毒株是一种安全、稳定、高保护性的NDRV减毒活疫苗候选株，可用于预防NDRV在水禽种群中的流行，为制定有效的NDRV预防策略奠定基础。

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引用次数: 0

Rotavirus C genotypes in pigs – On their occurrence and distribution in Europe 猪的轮状病毒C基因型-关于它们在欧洲的发生和分布。

IF 2.7 2区农林科学 Q3 MICROBIOLOGY

Veterinary microbiology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.110916

Belinda Euring , Kristin Heenemann , Michael Sieg , Antje Rückner , Daniel Piehler , Bernd-Andreas Schwarz , Angelika Auer , Rene Renzhammer , Jan Böhmer , Kevin Meerbeek , Thomas W. Vahlenkamp , Maxi Harzer

Rotavirus C (RVC) is an enteric pathogen frequently found in pig holdings. It is known to cause mild to severe gastrointestinal symptoms especially in suckling and weaned piglets. As most of RVC strains cannot be propagated in cell culture, serological surveys and the development of autologous vaccines are hampered. In order to gain better insight into their diversity, genetic studies are therefore particularly useful for identifying RVC genotypes. In this study, the distribution of circulating RVC genotypes (G-types and P-types) was analysed in six countries in Central Europe. Our investigations revealed the occurrence of ten different G-types, 16 different P-types and 24 different G-P-combinations. The largest number of different genotypes was found in the regions with the highest pig densities. Overall, two clearly dominant genotypes both in the comparison of countries and federal states were identified: G6 and P21. Genotype P21 has so far only been detected in Europe. Focusing on coinfections, this study revealed the lowest coinfection rates within the most frequently detected two genotypes (G6 and P21). Overall, the study provides a unique dataset that raises further questions regarding the underlying reasons for the distribution of specific RVC strains and the notably low coinfection rates observed within certain genotypes.

轮状病毒C （RVC）是一种常见于养猪场的肠道病原体。已知可引起轻微至严重的胃肠道症状，特别是在哺乳和断奶仔猪中。由于大多数RVC毒株不能在细胞培养中繁殖，血清学调查和自身疫苗的开发受到阻碍。为了更好地了解它们的多样性，基因研究因此对确定RVC基因型特别有用。本研究分析了中欧6个国家循环RVC基因型（g型和p型）的分布。我们的调查发现了10种不同的g型，16种不同的p型和24种不同的g - p组合。在猪密度最高的地区，不同基因型的数量最多。总的来说，在国家和联邦州的比较中确定了两个明显的优势基因型：G6和P21。基因型P21目前只在欧洲发现。本研究的重点是共感染，发现在最常检测到的两种基因型（G6和P21）中，共感染率最低。总的来说，该研究提供了一个独特的数据集，进一步提出了关于特定RVC菌株分布的潜在原因以及在某些基因型中观察到的显著低合并感染率的问题。

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引用次数: 0

Pathogenicity assessment of Spanish West Nile virus isolates of lineages 1 and 2 in a Swiss mouse model 西班牙西尼罗病毒谱系1和2分离株在瑞士小鼠模型中的致病性评估

IF 2.7 2区农林科学 Q3 MICROBIOLOGY

Veterinary microbiology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.110894

Raúl Fernández-Delgado , Rafael Gutiérrez-López , David Romero-Trancón , Pilar Aguilera-Sepúlveda , Desirée Dafouz-Bustos , Núria Busquets , Miguel Ángel Jiménez-Clavero , Francisco Llorente

West Nile virus (WNV) is one of the most widespread emerging arboviruses in the world. Recently, Europe has undergone a significant increase in WNV incidence and geographic extension, with two genetic lineages, lineage 1 and lineage 2, actively circulating. In Spain, lineage 1 was first identified in 2007, and subsequently spread through the southwest and central regions of the country. Since 2010, it has affected both horses and humans (mainly in southern Spain), including two large human outbreaks of WNV meningoencephalitis in 2020 and 2024. Lineage 2 was first identified in Catalonia (northeastern Spain) in 2017, spreading through this region, primarily affecting birds, but with low incidence in humans and horses. In this study, the infectivity and disease severity of Spanish WNV isolates obtained between 2007 and 2020, representing both the southwestern and northeastern variants, was examined by in vivo inoculation in mice, with the aim of inferring their pathogenicity in mammalian hosts. The results demonstrated that the analysed isolates from northeastern Spain consistently induced lower virulence profiles in mice compared to the isolates from the southwest. Differences in mortality rates, median survival times, and survival curves, the latter being statistically significant allowed the classification of northeastern (lineage 2) and southwestern (lineage 1) Spanish isolates as moderately virulent and highly virulent, respectively. In vitro replication assays did not reveal significant differences between the Spanish isolates. Although biological and genetic differences between species could limit the extrapolation of mice data to other mammals, our findings are consistent with virulence patterns observed in humans and horses in the geographic regions where the examined isolates originated.

西尼罗病毒（WNV）是世界上传播最广泛的虫媒病毒之一。最近，欧洲发生了西尼罗河病毒发病率和地理扩展的显著增加，两种遗传谱系，谱系1和谱系2，正在积极流行。在西班牙，谱系1于2007年首次被发现，随后传播到该国的西南部和中部地区。自2010年以来，它影响了马和人（主要在西班牙南部），包括2020年和2024年两次大规模的人类西尼罗河病毒脑膜脑炎暴发。谱系2于2017年首次在加泰罗尼亚（西班牙东北部）被发现，在该地区传播，主要影响鸟类，但人类和马的发病率较低。在这项研究中，通过小鼠体内接种检测了2007年至2020年间获得的西班牙西尼罗河病毒分离株（代表西南和东北变体）的传染性和疾病严重程度，目的是推断它们在哺乳动物宿主中的致病性。结果表明，与来自西南的分离株相比，来自西班牙东北部的分离株在小鼠中始终诱导较低的毒力。死亡率、中位生存时间和生存曲线的差异（后者具有统计学意义）使得西班牙东北部（谱系2）和西南部（谱系1）分离株分别被划分为中度毒力和高度毒力。体外复制试验未显示西班牙分离株之间的显著差异。尽管物种之间的生物学和遗传差异可能会限制将小鼠数据外推到其他哺乳动物，但我们的发现与在所检测分离株起源的地理区域中在人类和马中观察到的毒力模式是一致的。

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引用次数: 0