Utilities Policy最新文献_第5页

A synthesis of distributed energy resource impacts and regulatory responses with a focus on soft law 分布式能源影响和监管反应的综合，重点是软法律

IF 4.4 3区经济学 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Utilities Policy

Pub Date : 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jup.2025.102104

Josh A. Dippenaar , Bernard Bekker , Kevin Foster , Megan Davies

The rapid proliferation of distributed energy resources (DERs), including solar PV, battery storage, and electric vehicles, is fundamentally transforming power systems worldwide. Regulatory frameworks for the grid integration of DERs have struggled to keep pace, resulting in widespread non-compliance and a range of technical and financial challenges. This paper introduces a novel, penetration-based synthesis that maps DER impacts – including distribution grid constraints, utility revenue pressures, system flexibility, and stability concerns according to the level of DER adoption. We foreground the role of soft law – non-binding guidelines, voluntary standards, and stakeholder coalitions – and the concept of transition work as critical mechanisms for adaptive regulation. Drawing on a systematic literature review and international case studies, we identify how these impacts emerge at different penetration levels and demonstrate how timely, flexible regulatory responses can mitigate risks. Our analysis shows that adaptive, equitable tariff design and collaborative institutional reform are essential for sustainable DER integration. We argue that soft law and transition work enable more responsive, anticipatory regulation than traditional hard law alone. These findings offer actionable pathways for policymakers, regulators, and utility managers seeking to address the evolving technical and institutional challenges of DER integration and accelerate the energy transition.

分布式能源（DERs）的迅速扩散，包括太阳能光伏、电池存储和电动汽车，正在从根本上改变全球的电力系统。DERs电网整合的监管框架一直在努力跟上步伐，导致广泛的不合规以及一系列技术和财务挑战。本文介绍了一种新颖的、基于渗透的综合方法，该方法可以根据采用DER的水平绘制DER影响图，包括配电网约束、公用事业收入压力、系统灵活性和稳定性问题。我们强调了软法律的作用——非约束性准则、自愿标准和利益相关者联盟——以及过渡工作的概念，它们是适应性监管的关键机制。通过系统的文献回顾和国际案例研究，我们确定了这些影响是如何在不同的渗透水平上出现的，并展示了及时、灵活的监管反应如何减轻风险。我们的分析表明，适应性、公平的关税设计和协作性的制度改革对于可持续的低成本地区一体化至关重要。我们认为，软法和过渡工作使监管比传统的硬法更有反应性和预见性。这些发现为政策制定者、监管机构和公用事业管理者提供了可行的途径，帮助他们解决分布式能源整合过程中不断变化的技术和制度挑战，并加速能源转型。

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引用次数: 0

From stakeholders to shareholders: Policy priorities in Portugal for a just energy transition 从利益相关者到股东：葡萄牙能源转型的政策重点

IF 4.4 3区经济学 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Utilities Policy

Pub Date : 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jup.2025.102101

L.E. Rielli, F. Alves, J. Limão, I. Campos

The energy transition represents a shift in the global energy paradigm, intertwining technological advancements with societal goals. It provides an opportunity to replace energy sources while addressing energy poverty, security, affordability, and democracy. However, energy justice policies remain fragmented across EU Member States. This study uses participatory methods in co-creation workshops to explore how policy mixes can enhance citizen and community economic participation in wind energy projects in Portugal. It identifies policy instruments to accelerate wind energy while ensuring distributive and procedural justice. The resulting policy framework emphasizes fiscal, regulatory, and educational measures supporting a just, people centered energy transition.

能源转型代表了全球能源范式的转变，将技术进步与社会目标交织在一起。它提供了一个替代能源的机会，同时解决能源贫困、安全、可负担性和民主问题。然而，能源司法政策在欧盟成员国之间仍然是支离破碎的。本研究在共同创造研讨会中采用参与式方法，探讨政策组合如何提高公民和社区对葡萄牙风能项目的经济参与。它确定了在确保分配和程序公正的同时加速风能发展的政策工具。由此产生的政策框架强调财政、监管和教育措施，以支持公正、以人为本的能源转型。

引用次数: 0

One hundred and eighty years of capital expenditure for equitable and climate-resilient water and sanitation in England and Wales 180年的资本支出，用于英格兰和威尔士公平和适应气候变化的水和卫生设施

IF 4.4 3区经济学 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Utilities Policy

Pub Date : 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jup.2025.102100

Richard Franceys , Sam Kayaga

For adequate water and sanitation services, it is necessary to consider the level of capital and capital maintenance expenditure for ongoing systems to deliver SDG-6 and now climate resilience. This study of utility capital expenditure over 180 years found that in England and Wales, UK, it took an average annual investment of $49 per capita (USD$ PPP, 2020 prices) to achieve ‘SDG-6’ equivalence after the first 125 years, at $22,800 GDP pc; $137pc to maintain and enhance service quality over the following 50 years to 2025; with regulatory approval for $228pc annually to 2030 ($50,000 GDP pc).

为了提供充足的水和卫生服务，有必要考虑现有系统的资本和资本维护支出水平，以实现可持续发展目标6和现在的气候适应能力。这项对180年来公用事业资本支出的研究发现，在英国的英格兰和威尔士，人均每年投资49美元（按购买力平价美元计算，2020年价格），在前125年后达到“可持续发展目标6”的等效值，年均GDP为22,800美元；在未来50年（至2025年）维持及提升服务质素，拨款百分之137；监管部门批准了到2030年每年2280亿美元（GDP 5万美元）。

引用次数: 0

Managing Great Britain's electricity distribution connection queue: lessons from auction theory and a potential position trading system 管理英国的配电连接队列：来自拍卖理论的教训和潜在的头寸交易系统

IF 4.4 3区经济学 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Utilities Policy

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jup.2025.102099

Michael G. Pollitt , Daniel Duma , Rona Mitchell , Andrei Covatariu

The connection queue in Great Britain (GB) is recognized as a major challenge for electricity networks and for the energy transition. The queue reached 726 GW in July 2024 for generation and storage, but it is also significant on the load side. The government, the regulator, and the industry have identified the drivers of this problem. One driver is the inability of the First-Come, First-Served (FCFS) rule (the de facto system of allocation) to account for the feasibility, progress, and value of the different projects applying for connection. This paper explores this latter aspect by applying concepts from auction theory, mechanism design, and queuing theory to a case study on the distribution network in GB. The paper discusses potential changes to the initial (primary) allocation of connection rights, considering auction concepts like the beauty contest and the Knapsack problem. It also explores queue management by introducing a secondary trading of connection rights to increase efficiency. The paper also discusses the risks and potential biases of such changes, including asymmetric information and strategic behaviour.

英国（GB）的连接队列被认为是电网和能源转型的主要挑战。2024年7月，发电和储能排队达到726吉瓦，但在负荷方面也很重要。政府、监管机构和行业已经确定了这个问题的驱动因素。一个驱动因素是“先到先得”（FCFS）规则（事实上的分配制度）无法考虑申请连接的不同项目的可行性、进度和价值。本文通过将拍卖理论、机制设计和排队理论的概念应用于GB配电网的案例研究来探讨后一个方面。本文讨论了连接权初始（主要）分配的潜在变化，考虑了像选美比赛和背包问题这样的拍卖概念。它还通过引入连接权的二次交易来探索队列管理，以提高效率。本文还讨论了这些变化的风险和潜在偏差，包括信息不对称和战略行为。

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引用次数: 0

Is China's energy transition pace driven by the supply-side or the demand-side? 中国能源转型的步伐是由供给侧驱动还是由需求侧驱动？

IF 4.4 3区经济学 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Utilities Policy

Pub Date : 2025-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.jup.2025.102097

Hu Wang , Feng Wang , Juan Liu , Rui Ling , Hao Zhang , Hongfei Jiang

This study empirically examines whether China's energy transition pace is primarily driven by supply-side or demand-side factors, focusing on the roles of energy investment in state-owned assets (EISA), environmental regulations, and marketization processes. Using spatial econometric models on panel data from 30 Chinese provinces (2008–2021), we identify distinct mechanisms on each side of the analysis. On the demand side, EISA reduces the share of fossil fuel consumption and mitigates marketization-induced fossil energy use, yet it weakens the effectiveness of environmental regulation. Stricter environmental regulations can reduce the consumption of fossil energy, further promoting cleaner energy use by positively moderating EISA and weakening the tangential effects of marketization. Although marketization initially stimulates fossil energy consumption, it ultimately enhances the effectiveness of environmental regulations and optimizes the allocation of EISA. On the supply side, EISA significantly promotes local new energy production. However, it generates negative spatial spillover effects and inhibits the development of renewable energy in neighboring regions. Environmental regulations promote new energy production most significantly in the eastern region of the country, but they also cause similar negative spillover patterns. Marketization processes suppress new energy production overall, with pronounced regional disparities. This study contributes empirical evidence regarding spatial spillovers and regional heterogeneity in China's energy transition process. The findings may provide a scientific basis for integrating synergistic development cross-regionally, as well as optimizing conjoined environmental regulations and market-oriented policies. This study further provides novel insights into the trajectory of China's energy transition at the regional level, complementing existing literature on spatial spillover issues.

本研究实证考察了中国能源转型速度主要是由供给侧还是需求侧因素驱动的，重点研究了国有资产能源投资（EISA）、环境法规和市场化进程的作用。利用中国30个省（2008-2021年）面板数据的空间计量模型，我们在分析的每一面都发现了不同的机制。在需求侧，EISA降低了化石燃料消费份额，缓解了市场化导致的化石能源使用，但削弱了环境监管的有效性。严格的环境法规可以减少化石能源的消耗，通过积极调节EISA和削弱市场化的间接影响，进一步促进清洁能源的使用。市场化虽然在初期刺激了化石能源的消费，但最终增强了环境法规的有效性，优化了EISA的配置。在供应方面，EISA显著促进了当地的新能源生产。但是，它产生了负面的空间溢出效应，抑制了邻近地区可再生能源的发展。环境法规在该国东部地区最显著地促进了新能源生产，但它们也造成了类似的负面溢出模式。市场化进程总体上抑制了新能源生产，地区差异明显。本研究为中国能源转型过程中的空间溢出效应和区域异质性提供了实证证据。研究结果可为跨区域协同发展的整合、环境规制和市场导向政策的优化提供科学依据。

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引用次数: 0

Spatial analysis of state policy effects on renewable energy generation capacity in the United States 美国各州政策对可再生能源发电能力影响的空间分析

IF 4.4 3区经济学 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Utilities Policy

Pub Date : 2025-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jup.2025.102080

Pinky Thomas , Alan R. Collins , Xiaoli Etienne

This study evaluates the effectiveness of state-level policies on renewable energy (RE) generation capacity in the United States. Using a comprehensive panel dataset of 3017 counties from 2009 to 2019, we account for county-level variations in policy implementation and employ spatial panel models to capture spillover effects among neighboring counties. Our findings reveal that Renewable Portfolio Standards, expressed as percentage targets, significantly increase RE generation capacity across all sources. Property tax reductions boost solar and wind capacity but do not affect hydro and geothermal energy. In contrast, Energy Efficiency Resource Standards are negatively associated with hydro and geothermal capacity. Other policies, such as the Mandatory Green Power Option, sales tax incentives, and market deregulation, have shown no significant linkage with RE capacity. The results further indicate that spatial spillover effects are more pronounced for solar and wind generation capacity than for hydro and geothermal generation capacity. These findings highlight the need for tailored policies that consider the unique characteristics of each renewable energy source and account for regional interdependence in policy design.

本研究评估了美国各州可再生能源（RE）发电能力政策的有效性。利用2009年至2019年3017个县的综合面板数据集，我们考虑了政策执行的县级差异，并采用空间面板模型来捕捉相邻县之间的溢出效应。我们的研究结果表明，可再生能源投资组合标准（以百分比目标表示）显着增加了所有来源的可再生能源发电能力。财产税的削减提高了太阳能和风能的产能，但对水电和地热能没有影响。相比之下，能源效率资源标准与水力和地热能力呈负相关。其他政策，如强制性绿色电力选择、销售税激励和市场放松管制，都没有显示出与可再生能源容量的显著联系。研究结果进一步表明，太阳能和风能发电能力的空间溢出效应比水电和地热发电能力的空间溢出效应更为明显。这些发现突出表明，需要制定有针对性的政策，考虑到每一种可再生能源的独特特征，并考虑到政策设计中的区域相互依存关系。

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引用次数: 0

Developing localized net-zero pathways for Vietnam's energy sector: A case study of two provinces 为越南能源部门制定本地化的净零排放途径：以两个省为例

IF 4.4 3区经济学 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Utilities Policy

Pub Date : 2025-10-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jup.2025.102098

Nguyen Duc Tuyen , Vu Quoc Anh , Nguyen Dang Duong , Nguyen Linh Dan , Do Huy Toan

At COP26, Vietnam pledged to reach Net-zero (NZ) emissions by 2050. To support this goal, this study introduces a model for developing local NZ pathways, with a focus on the energy sector—the largest source of emissions. It assesses the potential of renewable energy, forest carbon sinks, transport electrification, and energy efficiency to shape region-specific plans. Tay Ninh province, known for its high solar potential, and Quang Tri, rich in forest carbon sinks, are examined as case studies to demonstrate the differences in NZ pathways in solar-dominant and forest-dominant provinces. Based on the findings, feasible NZ scenarios and policy recommendations are proposed to guide local action, contributing meaningfully to Vietnam's national NZ roadmap.

在COP26上，越南承诺到2050年实现净零排放（NZ）。为了实现这一目标，本研究引入了一个模型，用于开发新西兰当地的途径，重点关注能源部门-最大的排放源。它评估了可再生能源、森林碳汇、交通电气化和能源效率的潜力，以制定具体的区域计划。以其高太阳能潜力而闻名的德宁省和森林碳汇丰富的广治省作为案例研究，以展示太阳能优势省份和森林优势省份在新西兰路径上的差异。根据调查结果，提出了可行的新西兰情景和政策建议，以指导当地行动，为越南的国家新西兰路线图做出有意义的贡献。

引用次数: 0

Policy and regulatory challenges in decentralised renewable energy deployment: Case studies from Nigeria, Liberia, and Malawi 分散式可再生能源部署中的政策和监管挑战：来自尼日利亚、利比里亚和马拉维的案例研究

IF 4.4 3区经济学 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Utilities Policy

Pub Date : 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jup.2025.102075

Chibuisi Chinasaokwu Okorieimoh , Ehiaze Augustin Ehimen

Decentralised renewable energy (DRE) systems are widely acknowledged as a pragmatic route to universal electricity access in sub-Saharan Africa; yet, the comparative evidence on how regulatory weaknesses alter their scalability remains thin. Existing syntheses predominantly examine stable political economies (such as Kenya and Rwanda), leaving the political-economy dynamics of fragile states understudied. This paper closes that gap by analysing how policy and regulatory frameworks shape the deployment of DRE outcomes in Nigeria, Liberia, and Malawi, three countries that score below regional means on the African Development Bank's Electricity Regulatory Index and the World Bank's Regulatory Indicators for Sustainable Energy. Employing a qualitative comparative case-study design, we (i) trace within-case causal chains through document-based process-tracing and (ii) test cross-case convergence using pattern-matching on six governance dimensions validated by recent benchmarking literature. The evidence base integrates legal texts, donor reports, and the Electricity Regulatory Index/Regulatory Indicators for Sustainable Energy time series, triangulated to ensure reliability and validity. Findings reveal that overlapping mandates, weak enforcement capacity, and fragmented donor engagement systematically hinder the deployment of DRE, whereas targeted policy innovations, such as Nigeria's state-level minigrid licensing, demonstrate pathways to improvement. We offer actionable lessons on institutional alignment, donor coordination, and tariff reform that can inform regulatory upgrades in similarly constrained settings. By foregrounding fragile-state contexts, the study enriches comparative DRE scholarship and provides a diagnostic framework that is transferable to other low-capacity energy systems.

分散式可再生能源（DRE）系统被广泛认为是撒哈拉以南非洲实现普遍供电的务实途径；然而，关于监管弱点如何改变其可扩展性的比较证据仍然很少。现有的综合研究主要考察稳定的政治经济（如肯尼亚和卢旺达），而对脆弱国家的政治经济动态研究不足。本文通过分析尼日利亚、利比里亚和马拉维的政策和监管框架如何影响DRE成果的部署，缩小了这一差距。这三个国家在非洲开发银行的电力监管指数和世界银行的可持续能源监管指标中得分低于地区平均水平。采用定性比较案例研究设计，我们(i)通过基于文档的流程跟踪来追踪案例内部的因果链，（ii）通过最近的基准测试文献验证的六个治理维度上的模式匹配来测试跨案例收敛性。证据库整合了法律文本、捐助者报告和电力监管指数/可持续能源监管指标时间序列，并进行了三角测量，以确保可靠性和有效性。调查结果显示，重叠的授权、薄弱的执法能力和分散的捐助者参与系统性地阻碍了DRE的部署，而有针对性的政策创新，如尼日利亚的州一级微型电网许可，则展示了改进的途径。我们在机构协调、捐助者协调和关税改革方面提供了可操作的经验教训，可为类似受限环境下的监管升级提供参考。通过突出脆弱状态背景，该研究丰富了比较DRE的学术研究，并提供了可转移到其他低容量能源系统的诊断框架。

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引用次数: 0

Building stakeholder trust in regulatory governance: Evidence from Ghana's public utilities regulatory commission 建立利益相关者对监管治理的信任：来自加纳公用事业监管委员会的证据

IF 4.4 3区经济学 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Utilities Policy

Pub Date : 2025-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jup.2025.102082

Tia Abdulai Robert Aziz , Emmanuel Kems Bigodza , Albert Ahenkan , James Kwame Mensah

This study examines the determinants of stakeholder trust in the Public Utilities Regulatory Commission (PURC) of Ghana by investigating the influence of five (5) governance constructs (independence, transparency, effectiveness, regulatory responsiveness, and accountability). Drawing on the stakeholder theory and literature on regulatory governance, the study employed cross-sectional data using a sample of 280 stakeholders from various sectors. The findings provide strong empirical support for the hypothesized relationships between stakeholder trust and four of the constructs: independence, transparency, regulatory responsiveness, and effectiveness. However, accountability did not emerge as a statistically significant predictor. Perceived independence and effectiveness consistently demonstrate a statistically significant positive association with stakeholder trust, highlighting the centrality of institutional autonomy and performance in shaping confidence in regulatory institutions. Transparency and responsiveness are also relevant, albeit with relatively smaller effect sizes, indicating that while openness and attentiveness enhance stakeholder confidence, they do not outweigh the foundational importance of independence and institutional effectiveness. Taken together, these results advance both theoretical understanding and practical implications of how regulatory bodies in developing country contexts build and sustain trust among diverse stakeholders. Theoretically, the study contributes to scholarship on governance and stakeholder trust by reinforcing the salience of independence and effectiveness as essential qualities of regulatory legitimacy in developing countries. Practically, these findings carry important implications for regulatory policy and practice in Ghana and similar developing country contexts. PURC must strengthen its institutional independence from political interference and improve the perceived effectiveness of its regulatory mandate to improve stakeholder trust.

本研究通过调查五(5)个治理结构（独立性、透明度、有效性、监管响应性和问责制）的影响，探讨了加纳公用事业监管委员会（PURC）中利益相关者信任的决定因素。借鉴利益相关者理论和有关监管治理的文献，本研究采用了来自不同部门的280名利益相关者样本的横断面数据。研究结果为利益相关者信任与四个结构（独立性、透明度、监管响应性和有效性）之间的假设关系提供了强有力的实证支持。然而，问责制并没有成为统计上显著的预测因素。感知到的独立性和有效性始终显示出与利益相关者信任的统计显著正相关，突出了机构自治和绩效在塑造监管机构信心方面的中心地位。透明度和响应性也有相关性，尽管影响规模相对较小，这表明虽然开放和关注增强了利益相关者的信心，但它们并不超过独立性和机构有效性的基础重要性。综上所述，这些结果促进了对发展中国家监管机构如何在不同利益相关者之间建立和维持信任的理论理解和实践意义。从理论上讲，该研究通过强调独立性和有效性作为发展中国家监管合法性的基本品质的重要性，有助于治理和利益相关者信任方面的学术研究。实际上，这些发现对加纳和类似发展中国家的监管政策和实践具有重要意义。PURC必须加强其不受政治干预的机构独立性，并提高其监管授权的感知有效性，以提高利益相关者的信任。

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引用次数: 0

Synergy or conflict? Assessing the combined emission reduction effects of environmental taxation and carbon trading in China's power sector 协同还是冲突？中国电力行业环境税与碳交易的联合减排效果评估

IF 4.4 3区经济学 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Utilities Policy

Pub Date : 2025-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jup.2025.102084

Song Chai , Jin Yang , Xintian Bi , Lin Tang , Maiyue Zhang , Jie Zhu

As environmental policies continue to proliferate, growing attention has turned to how one instrument may unintentionally offset or undermine the effectiveness of another. In China's power sector, for example, the Environmental Protection Tax (ET) may reduce emissions independently, but in doing so, it alters baseline conditions, depresses carbon prices, and weakens the incentive function of the Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS). This form of indirect policy interference has received limited empirical scrutiny. To address this gap, we develop a policy interaction framework to empirically assess the combined effects of ET and ETS in China's power sector. Leveraging a multi-period difference-in-differences model and variation in pilot policy implementation across provinces, we estimate the heterogeneous impacts of individual and joint policy treatments on carbon intensity. We also examine the transmission mechanism through which ET affects the carbon market by influencing allowance price dynamics. Our results show that both ETS and ET independently reduce carbon intensity, and that the effectiveness of ET increases with higher tax rates. However, when implemented concurrently, elevated tax rates suppress carbon prices and erode the market incentives intended by ETS. Mechanism analysis reveals that overlapping compliance costs can distort price signals and lead to suboptimal abatement behavior. These findings highlight a critical trade-off in hybrid environmental governance and underscore the need for better coordination between fiscal and market-based instruments to improve policy coherence and climate mitigation effectiveness, particularly in developing economies undergoing institutional transition.

随着环境政策的不断扩散，越来越多的注意力转向一种工具如何可能无意中抵消或破坏另一种工具的有效性。例如，在中国的电力行业，环境保护税（ET）可以独立地减少排放，但在这样做的过程中，它改变了基准条件，压低了碳价格，削弱了排放交易计划（ETS）的激励功能。这种形式的间接政策干预受到了有限的实证审查。为了解决这一差距，我们开发了一个政策互动框架，以经验评估碳排放交易和碳排放交易在中国电力行业的综合效应。利用多时期差异中差异模型和各省试点政策实施的差异，我们估计了单独和联合政策处理对碳强度的异质性影响。我们还研究了排放配额通过影响配额价格动态来影响碳市场的传导机制。我们的研究结果表明，碳排放交易体系和碳排放交易体系都能独立降低碳强度，并且碳排放交易体系的有效性随着税率的提高而提高。然而，如果同时实施，高税率会抑制碳价格，并削弱ETS所打算的市场激励。机制分析表明，重叠的合规成本会扭曲价格信号，导致次优减排行为。这些研究结果强调了混合环境治理的关键权衡，并强调需要更好地协调财政和市场手段，以提高政策一致性和减缓气候变化的有效性，特别是在正在进行体制转型的发展中经济体。

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引用次数: 0