Utilities Policy最新文献_第2页

Electricity market restructuring in Thailand: Challenges and emerging policies 泰国电力市场重组：挑战与新政策

IF 4.4 3区经济学 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Utilities Policy

Pub Date : 2026-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jup.2025.102141

Paphangkon Thainthadaphat , Nopbhorn Leeprechanon , Tirapot Chandarasupsang , Annop Tananchana

Thailand is transitioning from a monopolistic electricity sector toward a more competitive market to improve efficiency, ensure fair cost allocation, and support national greenhouse gas reduction targets. This shift has accelerated the integration of renewable energy technologies at the distribution level and the adoption of policies such as Direct Power Purchase Agreements (Direct PPAs), Third Party Access (TPA), and Renewable Energy Communities (RECs). However, high penetration of variable renewable energy introduces supply uncertainty and operational complexity, posing challenges to grid stability. In the absence of a wholesale electricity market, Thailand must restructure its electricity system with a focus on distribution-level dynamics, where most new participants are connected. This paper examines key aspects of electricity market restructuring in Thailand, including the unbundling of regulated and non-regulated businesses, market design, balancing and settlement mechanisms, cost-reflective tariffs with equity considerations, and the creation of neutral market facilitation platforms. It proposes a system architecture tailored to emerging technologies and actors, addressing technical constraints and institutional realities. Drawing on international experience while reflecting domestic conditions, the study offers policy recommendations for a more inclusive, flexible, and sustainable electricity market. Its findings aim to guide Thailand's reform agenda and inform broader transition strategies in similar developing country contexts.

泰国正在从垄断的电力部门向更具竞争力的市场转型，以提高效率，确保公平的成本分配，并支持国家温室气体减排目标。这一转变加速了可再生能源技术在配电层面的整合，以及直接购电协议（Direct PPAs）、第三方接入（TPA）和可再生能源社区（RECs）等政策的采用。然而，可变可再生能源的高渗透率带来了供应的不确定性和运行的复杂性，对电网的稳定性提出了挑战。在缺乏批发电力市场的情况下，泰国必须重组其电力系统，重点关注配电层面的动态，因为大多数新参与者都是连接在一起的。本文研究了泰国电力市场重组的关键方面，包括受监管和不受监管业务的分拆、市场设计、平衡和结算机制、考虑公平因素的成本反射关税，以及建立中立的市场便利化平台。它提出了一个针对新兴技术和行动者的系统架构，解决了技术限制和体制现实。本研究在借鉴国际经验的同时，也反映了国内的实际情况，为建立更具包容性、灵活性和可持续性的电力市场提出了政策建议。其研究结果旨在指导泰国的改革议程，并为类似发展中国家的更广泛转型战略提供信息。

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引用次数: 0

Competition and synergy effects of the horizontal integration for regional ports 区域港口横向整合的竞争与协同效应

IF 4.4 3区经济学 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Utilities Policy

Pub Date : 2025-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jup.2025.102134

Junjin Wang, Kangrui Xu

This paper explores the interaction between homogeneous service competition and cooperation in the context of horizontal integration among regional ports. A three-stage non-cooperative game model is proposed to systematically examine this intricate relationship. The results indicate that regional port integration reduces port service fees and freight rates while simultaneously increasing freight volumes. Notably, the reduction in port service fees achieved through collective integration effort may not substantially exceed that achieved by a single port, because in the early stage of regional port integration, the strong competition effect often outweighs the relatively weak synergy effect. The relative dominance of the competition effect over the synergy effect impacts both the stability of the system equilibrium and the conflict between individual optimization and system objectives. When the competition effect surpasses the synergy effect, the integration effort resembles the Prisoner's Dilemma, leading to a lose-lose outcome. Conversely, when the synergy effect outweighs the competition effect, the integration effort reaches a Pareto optimum, resulting in a mutually beneficial win-win outcome. Furthermore, the stronger regional port consistently exhibits economies of scale and dominates the social welfare, while the weaker port may need to actively engage in integration effort, depending on the disparity in port capabilities.

本文探讨区域港口横向整合背景下同质服务竞争与合作的互动关系。提出了一个三阶段非合作博弈模型来系统地考察这种复杂的关系。结果表明，区域港口一体化降低了港口服务费和运价，同时增加了货运量。值得注意的是，通过集体整合实现的港口服务费的降低可能不会大大超过单个港口的降低，因为在区域港口整合的早期阶段，强大的竞争效应往往超过相对较弱的协同效应。竞争效应对协同效应的相对优势既影响了系统均衡的稳定性，也影响了个体优化与系统目标的冲突。当竞争效应超过协同效应时，整合努力类似于囚徒困境，导致双输的结果。相反，当协同效应大于竞争效应时，整合努力达到帕累托最优，从而产生互利共赢的结果。此外，实力较强的区域港口始终表现出规模经济并主导社会福利，而实力较弱的港口可能需要积极参与一体化努力，这取决于港口能力的差异。

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引用次数: 0

Investigating residential drinking water bills across small and medium-sized municipal systems 调查中小型市政系统的居民饮用水账单

IF 4.4 3区经济学 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Utilities Policy

Pub Date : 2025-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jup.2025.102138

Laura Medwid , Kate Albrecht , Deborah Anne Carroll , Christelle Khalaf , Dan Huang , Jun Li , Jason Mitchnick , Daniel Zoh

Empirical studies of water utilities often focus on large urban systems, in part because data on smaller providers are limited. This paper contributes to the literature on small and medium-sized water systems by leveraging novel data collected through direct outreach to primary governmental community water systems (CWSs) in Illinois, outside the Chicago Metropolitan Area. Specifically, the analysis focuses on municipalities that provide drinking water to populations of 10,000 or fewer. Using a hierarchical linear model that accounts for similarities among CWSs inherent to reliance on comparable water sources and provision methods, the paper examines how system attributes, billing policy and practices, infrastructure financing, and municipal characteristics relate to standardized residential water bills. The findings suggest that rate structure types, billing frequency, sewer service provision, and peer pricing are correlated with water bills issued by small- and medium-sized systems. Further, water source and provision characteristics are strongly associated with water bills, with municipalities sourcing from groundwater charging the least, compared to other source and provision categories. Overall, except for average household size, municipal characteristics are not associated with water bills.

对自来水公司的实证研究往往集中在大型城市系统，部分原因是关于较小供应商的数据有限。本文通过利用通过直接联系伊利诺伊州芝加哥大都会区以外的主要政府社区供水系统（cws）收集的新数据，为中小型供水系统的文献做出了贡献。具体来说，该分析侧重于向10,000或更少人口提供饮用水的市政当局。本文使用了一个层次线性模型，该模型解释了CWSs对可比水源和供应方法的依赖所固有的相似性，并研究了系统属性、计费政策和实践、基础设施融资和市政特征与标准化住宅水费之间的关系。研究结果表明，费率结构类型、计费频率、下水道服务提供和同行定价与中小型系统的水费相关。此外，水源和供水特性与水费密切相关，与其他水源和供水类别相比，市政当局从地下水中取水收费最低。总的来说，除了平均家庭规模外，市政特征与水费无关。

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引用次数: 0

Grid assessment of community-driven renewable energy technology and storage integration in rural Yucatan, Mexico 墨西哥尤卡坦农村社区驱动的可再生能源技术和储能整合电网评估

IF 4.4 3区经济学 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Utilities Policy

Pub Date : 2025-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jup.2025.102139

Francisco Javier Mendoza-Vizcaino, O. Canto-Franco, Manuel Flota-Bañuelos, M.A. Escalante Soberanis

This study focuses on integrating renewable energy technologies and storage systems into Pixya’s rural electrical grid, a Mayan community in Yucatán, Mexico. The project aims to reduce reliance on the utility grid, ensure uninterrupted electricity and water supply, and alleviate energy poverty. Using a deterministic methodology, the study designs a hybrid system combining photovoltaic panels and lithium-ion batteries, enabling the community to operate autonomously during grid outages. The proposed system generates 100% of the community’s energy needs, provides up to 14 days of autonomy, and significantly reduces

{C O}_{2}

emissions. Simulations using HOMER Pro and DIgSILENT confirm the technical feasibility and ensure stable operation under both grid-on and off-grid modes. The economic analysis reveals a payback period of 8.35–13.45 years, contingent upon subsidies or grants, as traditional financing remains unfeasible. This range considers two distinct tariffs: the subsidised, low-consumption residential tariff (Tariff 1C) at US$0.0687/kWh and the non-subsidised domestic tariff (DAC type) at US$0.2943/kWh. A novel arrangement model (to develop a novel contract type) is proposed to enable self-supply and energy injection into the grid, addressing current regulatory barriers to autonomous operation. The project aligns with Mexico’s energy transition goals and the UN’s Sustainable Development Goal 7, promoting clean energy access and fostering community empowerment. However, successful implementation necessitates policy adjustments, external funding, and a shift from economic to social priorities to ensure equitable development for rural indigenous communities.

这项研究的重点是将可再生能源技术和存储系统整合到墨西哥Yucatán的玛雅社区Pixya的农村电网中。该项目旨在减少对公用电网的依赖，确保不间断的电力和水供应，并缓解能源贫困。使用确定性方法，该研究设计了一个结合光伏板和锂离子电池的混合系统，使社区能够在电网中断时自主运行。该系统可以满足社区100%的能源需求，提供长达14天的自主权，并显著减少二氧化碳排放。使用HOMER Pro和DIgSILENT进行的仿真验证了技术可行性，并确保在并网和离网模式下都能稳定运行。经济分析显示，回收期为8.35年至13.45年，取决于补贴或赠款，因为传统融资仍然不可行的。这个范围考虑了两种不同的关税：补贴的低消耗住宅关税（关税1C）为0.0687美元/千瓦时，非补贴的国内关税（DAC类型）为0.2943美元/千瓦时。提出了一种新的安排模型（开发一种新的合同类型），以实现电网的自我供应和能量注入，解决当前自主运行的监管障碍。该项目符合墨西哥的能源转型目标和联合国可持续发展目标7，旨在促进清洁能源的获取和促进社区赋权。然而，成功的执行需要政策调整、外部资金和从经济优先转向社会优先，以确保农村土著社区的公平发展。

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引用次数: 0

The sustainable economic growth implications of expanding the electricity network: can early investment reduce consumer costs and support greater GDP and jobs gains? 扩大电网对可持续经济增长的影响：早期投资能否降低消费者成本并支持更大的GDP和就业增长？

IF 4.4 3区经济学 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Utilities Policy

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jup.2025.102140

Antonios Katris, Anas Karkoutli, Karen Turner

In 2024, the UK Government introduced a statutory ‘Growth Duty’ on the energy industry regulator Ofgem. One implication is that industry actors must explain how proposed investments might enable sustainable economic growth processes when submitting their business plans as part of the regulated energy price control system. The first instance of this requirement affected the three GB electricity transmission owners (TOs) when submitting business plans in late 2024 for the RIIO-T3 period, which will run from April 2026 through to March 2031. This paper reports results and insights from independent research drawing on the investment plans of one of the three TOs in a set of economy-wide scenario simulations using a dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of the UK economy. A central finding is that our results indicate that undertaking early, planned investment at pace in anticipation of projected rising electricity demand, in response to the UK Government's electrification policies, is likely to deliver substantially stronger GDP and employment outcomes than a reactionary investment approach. This outcome is due to both an increased scale of earlier investment and the early creation of some excess capacity, which introduces downward marginal pressure on electricity bills. Moreover, where the latter is sufficient to offset the user bill impacts of investment cost recovery, the net outcome for UK households becomes progressive. The commonly expected outcome of cost recovery through energy bills being regressive does, however, manifest if electricity prices do not adjust in a competitive manner.

2024年，英国政府对能源行业监管机构Ofgem引入了法定“增长税”。其中一个含义是，行业参与者在提交其商业计划作为受监管的能源价格控制系统的一部分时，必须解释拟议的投资如何能够实现可持续的经济增长过程。这一要求的第一个实例影响了3gb电力传输所有者（TOs）在2024年底提交RIIO-T3期间的商业计划时，该期间将从2026年4月持续到2031年3月。本文报告了独立研究的结果和见解，这些研究利用英国经济的动态可计算一般均衡（CGE）模型，对三家TOs之一的投资计划进行了一组全经济情景模拟。一个重要的发现是，我们的研究结果表明，根据英国政府的电气化政策，在预计电力需求上升的情况下，尽早进行有计划的投资，可能会比保守的投资方式带来更强劲的GDP和就业结果。这一结果是由于早期投资规模的扩大和一些过剩产能的早期产生，这给电费带来了边际下行压力。此外，如果后者足以抵消投资成本回收对用户账单的影响，那么英国家庭的净结果将是渐进的。然而，如果电价不以竞争的方式调整，通过能源账单收回成本的普遍预期结果确实是递减的。

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引用次数: 0

Governance and market dynamics of P2P energy trading: Enhancing national strategies in Malaysia and Thailand P2P能源交易的治理和市场动态：加强马来西亚和泰国的国家战略

IF 4.4 3区经济学 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Utilities Policy

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jup.2025.102102

Siripha Junlakarn , Phimsupha Kokchang , Stephanie Cheah Kay Ann , Tam Duc Dinh , Tan Chee Pin , Tan Wen Shan , Chong Yit Sean

Peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading is gaining global traction. However, its path in ASEAN is less understood, particularly in areas where it has not yet been commercialized. Implementation in contexts like Malaysia and Thailand, for instance, remains particularly under-examined. This study provides an in-depth comparative analysis using a comprehensive macro-meso-micro framework to examine how national policies, regulatory mechanisms, and actor-level interactions shape P2P solar energy trading systems. Based on 25 stakeholder interviews and secondary data, the study highlights significant differences in institutional coordination, commercialization strategies, and private sector involvement, while also indicating common challenges, such as regulatory barriers and outdated grid infrastructure. While Malaysia's centralized pilot stresses tariff-setting and regulatory control, Thailand's sandbox model promotes diverse participation and business model innovation. The results underscore the clear commercialization pathways, market restructuring, and smart grid investments necessary to support scalable and inclusive P2P energy trading. This study offers novel insights into how governance structures influence the diffusion of innovation and facilitate the development of decentralized energy markets. These findings offer valuable lessons for developing effective energy policies in other emerging economies.

点对点（P2P）能源交易正在获得全球的牵引力。然而，人们对其在东盟的路径知之甚少，特别是在尚未商业化的地区。例如，马来西亚和泰国等国的实施情况仍未得到充分审查。本研究采用宏观-中观-微观的综合框架，对国家政策、监管机制和行动者层面的互动如何影响P2P太阳能交易系统进行了深入的比较分析。基于25个利益相关者访谈和二手数据，该研究强调了机构协调、商业化战略和私营部门参与方面的重大差异，同时也指出了共同的挑战，如监管障碍和过时的电网基础设施。马来西亚的集中式试点强调关税设定和监管控制，而泰国的沙盒模式则促进多元化参与和商业模式创新。研究结果强调了明确的商业化途径、市场重组和智能电网投资对于支持可扩展和包容性的P2P能源交易是必要的。本研究对治理结构如何影响创新扩散和促进分散能源市场的发展提供了新颖的见解。这些发现为其他新兴经济体制定有效的能源政策提供了宝贵的经验。

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引用次数: 0

Positive or negative? A study on the synergistic effectiveness of policy interventions on residential waste minimization behavior in China 积极的还是消极的？中国生活垃圾减量化行为政策干预的协同效应研究

IF 4.4 3区经济学 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Utilities Policy

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jup.2025.102131

Ting Yue , Jing Zhou , Xianmin Shao , Ruyin Long , Chuchu Wan , Nikita Parfenov

This study examined waste reduction and energy-saving behaviors from the perspective of waste minimization, categorizing them into conservation, green purchasing, and recycling behaviors. Based on the attitude-behavior-context theory, this paper constructed a model of factors influencing waste minimization behavior, integrating policy interventions and residential psychological factors. Survey data from 915 representative residents in eastern China show that both economic incentive and information publicity policies positively impact waste reduction behavior, but their interaction generates negative synergy. The effectiveness of information publicity policies increases with residential outcome expectations. Policy implications are provided to reduce policy conflicts and promote waste minimization behavior.

本研究从废物最小化的角度考察废物减量和节能行为，将其分为节约行为、绿色采购行为和回收行为。基于态度-行为-情境理论，综合政策干预和居民心理因素，构建了影响居民减废行为的因素模型。对915名具有代表性的华东地区居民的调查数据表明，经济激励和信息公示政策对居民减废行为均有正向影响，但两者的交互作用产生负协同效应。信息公示政策的有效性随着居民预期结果的增加而增加。提供政策启示，以减少政策冲突和促进废物最小化行为。

引用次数: 0

Optimal energy management system for a community microgrid: A case study from the Gambia 社区微电网的最佳能源管理系统：冈比亚案例研究

IF 4.4 3区经济学 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Utilities Policy

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jup.2025.102132

Maimuna Drammeh , Ravi Samikannu , Abid Yahya , Maruliya Begam Kadarmydeen , Kavitha R , Kanimozhi Gunasekaran , Meeradevi T , Gladys Gamariel

Remote communities often lack access to reliable electricity. This study investigates the feasibility of a microgrid system tailored for Kantong Kunda, a rural community in The Gambia. The community's current energy consumption and demand are determined through data collection using the Epicollect5 survey tool to characterize the local energy consumption and demand profile accurately. HOMER Pro software was employed to simulate and optimize hybrid microgrid configuration, prioritizing both cost-effectiveness and environmental sustainability. The proposed system integrates 79.8 kW of Solar Photovoltaic (SPV), a 60-kW diesel generator, 374 batteries, and a 22.8 kW converter. The optimized design yields a Net Present Cost (NPC) of $251,474.80 and a Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) of $0.08527/kWh, which is well below the region's grid electricity tariff. This configuration yields 16.1 % excess electricity, a 10.5 % Return on Investment (ROI), a 14.2 % Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and a 6.03-year payback period, while cutting total emissions by 133,981.4 kg compared to a diesel-only baseline. The work contributes a microgrid design designed for rural African communities, and the findings demonstrate that microgrids can deliver reliable, affordable, and low-carbon electricity through decentralized energy systems for remote communities.

偏远社区往往无法获得可靠的电力。本研究调查了为冈比亚农村社区Kantong Kunda量身定制的微电网系统的可行性。社区目前的能源消耗和需求是通过使用Epicollect5调查工具收集数据来确定的，以准确地描述当地的能源消耗和需求概况。采用HOMER Pro软件模拟和优化混合微电网配置，优先考虑成本效益和环境可持续性。该系统集成了79.8千瓦的太阳能光伏（SPV）、一台60千瓦的柴油发电机、374块电池和一个22.8千瓦的转换器。优化后的净当前成本（NPC）为251,474.80美元，平准化能源成本（LCOE）为0.08527美元/千瓦时，远低于该地区的电网电价。这种配置产生16.1%的超额电力，10.5%的投资回报率（ROI）， 14.2%的内部回报率（IRR），以及6.03年的投资回收期，同时与纯柴油基准相比，减少总排放量133,981.4公斤。这项工作有助于为非洲农村社区设计微电网，研究结果表明，微电网可以通过分散的能源系统为偏远社区提供可靠、负担得起的低碳电力。

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引用次数: 0

Competition in pay-as-bid auctions of divisible energy blocks: Theory and evidence from Chile 可分割能源区块按出价付费拍卖中的竞争：来自智利的理论和证据

IF 4.4 3区经济学 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Utilities Policy

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jup.2025.102136

Jose L. Lima-Reyna

This article analyzes how limited supply capacity affects competition in forward-contract auctions for divisible energy blocks. Using a theoretical model and data from Chile's advanced CfD auctions, it shows that promoting the entry of new bidders with similar supply capacities reduces prices more effectively than expanding the supply capacity of existing firms. The Chilean experience shows that new entrants—particularly renewable energy firms after the 2015 reform—also increased competition and lowered prices despite their smaller supply capacities. Their participation had an effect comparable to boosting incumbents' capacity, highlighting the importance of entry over mere supply expansion for improving auction outcomes.

本文分析了可分能源区块远期合约拍卖中有限的供应能力对竞争的影响。利用理论模型和智利先进的差价合约拍卖数据表明，促进具有相似供应能力的新投标人进入比扩大现有公司的供应能力更有效地降低价格。智利的经验表明，新进入者——尤其是2015年改革后的可再生能源公司——尽管供应能力较小，但也增加了竞争，降低了价格。它们的参与产生的效果与提高现有企业的产能相当，突显了进入市场对改善拍卖结果的重要性，而不仅仅是扩大供应。

引用次数: 0

Grid extension vs. off-grid systems in rural Areas: Methodologies, tools, and criteria for decision-making 农村地区的电网扩展与离网系统：决策的方法、工具和标准

IF 4.4 3区经济学 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Utilities Policy

Pub Date : 2025-12-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jup.2025.102028

César Y. Acevedo-Arenas , Julian E. Guerrero-Macias , Yecid A. Muñoz-Maldonado , Johan S. Amado-Alvarado , Johann F. Petit-Suárez

Achieving universal electricity access in rural areas remains a complex challenge in many developing countries, particularly for communities located within reach of existing distribution infrastructure but not yet connected. In such contexts, decision-makers must often choose between extending the main grid and deploying off-grid systems. This study presents a structured scoping review based on bibliographic sources, aimed at identifying how decision-making processes are supported in selection of rural electrificationstrategies, when both options are technically and economically viable.

Following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines, a multi-phase filtering strategy was applied to the Scopus database, covering literature published between 2013 and 2024. A total of 3780 documents were initially retrieved, from which 136 were selected for in-depth analysis. Data extraction, co-citation mapping, keyword clustering, and thematic coding were used to classify the literature into five decision-related domains: technology selection, network configuration, system optimisation, policy frameworks, and multi-criteria methodologies. The review identifies recurring methodological patterns and systematises the decision-making criteria most frequently applied in rural electrification planning. It highlights that current approaches often treat grid extension and off-grid alternatives within isolated frameworks, despite their coexistence in practical planning scenarios. The analysis reveals significant gaps in the integration of technical, economic, social, environmental and institutional dimensions, as well as in the use of unified indicators that enable meaningful comparisons. These findings emphasise the need for more comprehensive frameworks that reflect the complexity of electrification choices in grid-adjacent rural areas and support more consistent, evidence-based planning processes.

在许多发展中国家，实现农村地区普遍通电仍然是一项复杂的挑战，特别是对于那些位于现有配电基础设施可及范围内但尚未联网的社区。在这种情况下，决策者通常必须在扩展主电网和部署离网系统之间做出选择。本研究提出了一个基于文献来源的结构化范围审查，旨在确定当两种选择在技术和经济上都可行时，如何支持农村电气化战略选择的决策过程。根据PRISMA-ScR指南，对Scopus数据库应用了多阶段过滤策略，涵盖了2013年至2024年间发表的文献。最初总共检索了3780个文档，从中选择136个进行深入分析。通过数据提取、共被引映射、关键词聚类和主题编码，将文献划分为5个与决策相关的领域：技术选择、网络配置、系统优化、政策框架和多标准方法。该审查确定了经常出现的方法模式，并将最常用于农村电气化规划的决策标准系统化。报告强调指出，目前的方法经常在孤立的框架内处理电网扩展和离网替代方案，尽管它们在实际规划情景中共存。分析显示，在综合技术、经济、社会、环境和体制方面，以及在使用统一的指标以便进行有意义的比较方面，存在重大差距。这些发现强调需要建立更全面的框架，以反映电网邻近农村地区电气化选择的复杂性，并支持更一致的、基于证据的规划过程。

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引用次数: 0