D. Adepehin, A. I. Odudu, Adediran Oluwaseun Adelayi, S. O. Adikwu, Muhammad Sanni Ahmad, D. O. Alfred
Adoption of Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) to boost the hydrocarbon saturation (Sh) of reservoirs has caught the interests of many researchers in Geosciences. Evidence from literature shows that both primary and secondary recovery methods have failed to account for about 60% hydrocarbon (HC) that is trapped in the reservoirs and getting to discover large productive new fields has become a herculean task. This study identified the fluid nature and boundaries of reservoirs using some relevant geophysical (petrophysical) parameters and reservoir rocks physical features such as shale volume (Vsh), permeability (K), water and hydrocarbon saturation (Sw& Sh). Petrophysical data were sourced from the data bank of the Department of Geology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Analysis of data was done using the PETREL 2010 and OpendTect 4.6.0 versions for quality checking, delineation of identified reservoirs, fluid contacts demarcation and fluid types’ determination. The interpreted data were thereafter loaded into Microsoft Excel environment in order to adopt suitable statistical relations for the estimation of Vsh, K, Sw and Sh. Exploration of about 59.4% HC with NaOH, 64.5% HC with KOH, 69.5% HC with NH4OH and 78.5% HC with LiOH were discovered after the (EOR) flooding process. Comparison of the Vsh, K, Sw and Sh values before EOR with the values after EOR further showed that the reservoirs produced more HC with EOR. This study concluded that more hydrocarbon saturation can be achieved from reservoirs when EOR is carried out.
{"title":"Estimating Geophysical Parameters Using Petrophysical Algorithm to Enhance Hydrocarbon Recovery in Lokaka Field, Niger Delta, Nigeria","authors":"D. Adepehin, A. I. Odudu, Adediran Oluwaseun Adelayi, S. O. Adikwu, Muhammad Sanni Ahmad, D. O. Alfred","doi":"10.56919/usci.1222.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.1222.003","url":null,"abstract":"Adoption of Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) to boost the hydrocarbon saturation (Sh) of reservoirs has caught the interests of many researchers in Geosciences. Evidence from literature shows that both primary and secondary recovery methods have failed to account for about 60% hydrocarbon (HC) that is trapped in the reservoirs and getting to discover large productive new fields has become a herculean task. This study identified the fluid nature and boundaries of reservoirs using some relevant geophysical (petrophysical) parameters and reservoir rocks physical features such as shale volume (Vsh), permeability (K), water and hydrocarbon saturation (Sw& Sh). Petrophysical data were sourced from the data bank of the Department of Geology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Analysis of data was done using the PETREL 2010 and OpendTect 4.6.0 versions for quality checking, delineation of identified reservoirs, fluid contacts demarcation and fluid types’ determination. The interpreted data were thereafter loaded into Microsoft Excel environment in order to adopt suitable statistical relations for the estimation of Vsh, K, Sw and Sh. Exploration of about 59.4% HC with NaOH, 64.5% HC with KOH, 69.5% HC with NH4OH and 78.5% HC with LiOH were discovered after the (EOR) flooding process. Comparison of the Vsh, K, Sw and Sh values before EOR with the values after EOR further showed that the reservoirs produced more HC with EOR. This study concluded that more hydrocarbon saturation can be achieved from reservoirs when EOR is carried out.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131023748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we investigate graph coloring with inversion in non-deranged permutations, the permutation which fixes the first element in the permutations.This was first accomplished by performing some calculations on this strategy using prime numbers. . As a result, We observed that the chromatic number of any in is equal to and any in is equal to one. Similarly, the chromatic index of any in is equal to and any in is equal to zero. Results for this investigation established that chromatic number and chromatic index are related.
{"title":"Graph Coloring with inversion in the non-Deranged Permutations","authors":"Ibrahim Muhammad, Kazeem Olalekan Aremu","doi":"10.56919/usci.1222.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.1222.016","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we investigate graph coloring with inversion in non-deranged permutations, the permutation which fixes the first element in the permutations.This was first accomplished by performing some calculations on this strategy using prime numbers. . As a result, We observed that the chromatic number of any in is equal to and any in is equal to one. Similarly, the chromatic index of any in is equal to and any in is equal to zero. Results for this investigation established that chromatic number and chromatic index are related.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114605652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Maaruf, Bashir Gide Muhammed, Ahmed Rufai Usman
Concern regarding the radiation doses to patients exposed to x-ray during radiography examination has increased on a global scale. With chest x-ray radiography as the most common performed radiography examination, this study assessed the doses patients undergoing chest x-ray radiography are exposed to, through measurement of ESD (entrance surface dose) exposed at radiology department federal, medical center Katsina, using both direct and indirect methods for the purpose of diagnostic reference levels (DRL). Thermoluminescence (TLD) dosimeter is used for the direct measurements, while Tin and Tsai formula (mathematical equation) and CALDODE_X 5.0 software are used for the indirect measurements. The Entrance Surface Dose (ESD) was found to be; Tin and Tsai: 0.15 mGy (Chest AP), 0.12 mGy (Chest PA), 0.21 mGy (Chest lateral), with CALDODE_X: 0.23 mGy (Chest AP), 0.19 mGy (Chest PA), 0.31 mGy (Chest lateral), and TLD: 0.22 mGy (Chest AP), 0.20 mGy (Chest PA), 0.37 mGy (Chest lateral), and were all below the DRLs recommended by national and international regulatory authorities. The comparison of this study with other international and local reference levels shows that the LDRs from this study were lower than other international and local diagnostic reference levels for the three employed methods and for both projections.
{"title":"Determination of Entrance Surface Dose for Patients Undergoing Conventional Chest X-ray Examination at Radiology Department, Federal Teaching Hospital (FTH) Katsina.","authors":"A. Maaruf, Bashir Gide Muhammed, Ahmed Rufai Usman","doi":"10.56919/usci.1222.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.1222.009","url":null,"abstract":"Concern regarding the radiation doses to patients exposed to x-ray during radiography examination has increased on a global scale. With chest x-ray radiography as the most common performed radiography examination, this study assessed the doses patients undergoing chest x-ray radiography are exposed to, through measurement of ESD (entrance surface dose) exposed at radiology department federal, medical center Katsina, using both direct and indirect methods for the purpose of diagnostic reference levels (DRL). Thermoluminescence (TLD) dosimeter is used for the direct measurements, while Tin and Tsai formula (mathematical equation) and CALDODE_X 5.0 software are used for the indirect measurements. The Entrance Surface Dose (ESD) was found to be; Tin and Tsai: 0.15 mGy (Chest AP), 0.12 mGy (Chest PA), 0.21 mGy (Chest lateral), with CALDODE_X: 0.23 mGy (Chest AP), 0.19 mGy (Chest PA), 0.31 mGy (Chest lateral), and TLD: 0.22 mGy (Chest AP), 0.20 mGy (Chest PA), 0.37 mGy (Chest lateral), and were all below the DRLs recommended by national and international regulatory authorities. The comparison of this study with other international and local reference levels shows that the LDRs from this study were lower than other international and local diagnostic reference levels for the three employed methods and for both projections.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124700307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research was carried out to assess how poisonous are Nickel and Arsenic as heavy metals contaminated around Kankara and Dutsinma Kaolin mining sites. Nine (09) samples were collected randomly from the mining sites for the study. The analysis of such elements was done using Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence {EDXRF} at Central Laboratory, Umaru Musa Yar-adua Universitty, Katsina, and The health hazards were evaluated using numerous Statistical and USEPA models. The result obtained was used to calculate the risk assessment of Nickel and Arsenic in the body via inhalation, ingestion, and body contact. In which the most associated environmental and health risk of priority have Their average concentrations as 20.02, 12.59, 54.03, 1344.4, 21.94, 140.00, and NA which is not identified element in the studied area. All results were below the USEPA threshold limit for non-carcinogenic risks of 1.0 indicating that the exposed population ages are unlikely to experience any adverse non-carcinogenic risks. The overall total excess lifetime cancer risk for heavy metals was 8.5555E-06 (a maximum of 9 people/1 million may be affected) for children and 7.5773E-05 (a maximum of 8 people /1 million may be affected) for adults. These values were within the USEPA threshold of 1E-04.
这项研究是为了评估镍和砷作为重金属在Kankara和Dutsinma高岭土矿区周围污染的毒性。从矿区随机抽取9(09)个样本进行研究。在卡齐纳Umaru Musa Yar-adua大学的中央实验室使用能量色散x射线荧光(EDXRF)对这些元素进行了分析，并使用许多统计模型和USEPA模型评估了健康危害。所得结果用于计算经吸入、食入和身体接触的镍和砷在体内的风险评估。其平均浓度分别为20.02、12.59、54.03、1344.4、21.94、140.00，而NA是研究区内未识别的元素。所有结果均低于USEPA规定的非致癌风险阈值1.0，表明暴露人群年龄不太可能出现任何不利的非致癌风险。儿童和成人的总体重金属过量终生癌症风险分别为8.5555E-06和7.5773E-05，分别为8.5555E-06和8.5555E-06(每100万人中可能有9人受到影响)和7.5773E-05(每100万人中可能有8人受到影响)。这些值都在USEPA的阈值1E-04之内。
{"title":"Assessment of Nickel and Arsenic Poisoning and Estimation of Cancer Risk from Kaolin Mining Sites in Dutsin-Ma and Kankara, Katsina State","authors":"A. Sani, Ahmed Rufai Usman, M. Sani","doi":"10.56919/usci.1222.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.1222.015","url":null,"abstract":"This research was carried out to assess how poisonous are Nickel and Arsenic as heavy metals contaminated around Kankara and Dutsinma Kaolin mining sites. Nine (09) samples were collected randomly from the mining sites for the study. The analysis of such elements was done using Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence {EDXRF} at Central Laboratory, Umaru Musa Yar-adua Universitty, Katsina, and The health hazards were evaluated using numerous Statistical and USEPA models. The result obtained was used to calculate the risk assessment of Nickel and Arsenic in the body via inhalation, ingestion, and body contact. In which the most associated environmental and health risk of priority have Their average concentrations as 20.02, 12.59, 54.03, 1344.4, 21.94, 140.00, and NA which is not identified element in the studied area. All results were below the USEPA threshold limit for non-carcinogenic risks of 1.0 indicating that the exposed population ages are unlikely to experience any adverse non-carcinogenic risks. The overall total excess lifetime cancer risk for heavy metals was 8.5555E-06 (a maximum of 9 people/1 million may be affected) for children and 7.5773E-05 (a maximum of 8 people /1 million may be affected) for adults. These values were within the USEPA threshold of 1E-04.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125083381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objectives of this research were to investigate the nature of pH buffer capacity and evaluate its association selected soil characteristics the study area. Soil samples from ten profile pits from within the study area were collected from genetic horizons. Soil samples were tested in the laboratory for electrical conductivity and pH buffer capacity using standard procedures. Soil data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. One-way analysis of variance and correlation analysis were applied to determine effects and relationships of selected soil properties with soil pH buffer capacity. The selected soil properties included particle size distribution, electrical conductivity, organic matter, cation exchange capacity and soil pH. Analysis of variance indicated that there were no significant effect of soil depth or drainage condition on distribution of pH buffer capacity in the study area. Correlation analysis indicated a non-significant weak relationship between pH buffer capacity and selected soil properties of the study area. This suggest that multiple interrelated factors could be responsible for the distribution of pH buffer capacity in the study area.
{"title":"Relationships Between pH Buffer Capacity and Selected Soil Properties of an Agrarian area in Samaru, Nigeria","authors":"Ayodele Owonubi, Chiwendu Kenneth","doi":"10.56919/usci.1222.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.1222.006","url":null,"abstract":"The objectives of this research were to investigate the nature of pH buffer capacity and evaluate its association selected soil characteristics the study area. Soil samples from ten profile pits from within the study area were collected from genetic horizons. Soil samples were tested in the laboratory for electrical conductivity and pH buffer capacity using standard procedures. Soil data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. One-way analysis of variance and correlation analysis were applied to determine effects and relationships of selected soil properties with soil pH buffer capacity. The selected soil properties included particle size distribution, electrical conductivity, organic matter, cation exchange capacity and soil pH. Analysis of variance indicated that there were no significant effect of soil depth or drainage condition on distribution of pH buffer capacity in the study area. Correlation analysis indicated a non-significant weak relationship between pH buffer capacity and selected soil properties of the study area. This suggest that multiple interrelated factors could be responsible for the distribution of pH buffer capacity in the study area.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131886888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oyewo, Selmat Oluwakemi, Bale, Sheriffdeen Issa, Kawata, Hassan Musa
A high level of compliance is required to achieve the desired outcomes of treatment among HIV/AIDS patients. There is paucity of information about compliance to preventive strategies in Katsina State of Northern Nigeria. In this study, a questionnaire was developed, validated, and applied to evaluate adherence to prevention strategies in HIV/AIDS patients attending the Federal teaching hospital, Katsina (FTH) in Nigeria using an investigative descriptive study design. The questionnaire was distributed to 303 respondents that were randomly selected out of 1, 250 population of FTH, and all were returned for data analysis. Descriptive statistics, chi-square and t-tests were used to describe the respondent’s demographic information, test the main and sub-hypotheses. Results showed. Results showed significantly higher adherence to prevention strategies among HIV/AIDS patients attending FTH, Katsina (x2 194.55 df 3 p<0.05). HIVAIDS patients attending the FTH, Katsina are subject to guidelines for preventing transmission of HIV/AIDS (x2202.939 df 3 p<0.05). There was also a significant gender-based difference in adherence to prevention strategies among HIV/AIDS patients attending FTH, Katsina (t 25.690 df 301, p value 0.000). Among HIV/AIDS patients attending the FTH, Katsina, there was a significant difference in adherence to prevention strategies based on educational status (t 219.094 df 302, p-value 0.000). Based on location, there was a significant difference in adherence to prevention strategies among HIV/AIDS patients attending the FTH, Katsina (t 23.038 df 301, p-value 0.000). Results from this study shows that HIV/AIDS patients attending Federal Teaching Hospital Katsina significantly adhere to preventive guidelines for curbing the transmission of HIV/AIDS. However to further achieve the desired quality of life improvements for individual subjects and reduce prevalence in the society, concerted efforts are needed to promote compliance to therapy.
{"title":"Assessment of Preventive Strategies Compliance Among HIV/AIDS Patients Attending Federal Teaching Hospital Katsina, Nigeria","authors":"Oyewo, Selmat Oluwakemi, Bale, Sheriffdeen Issa, Kawata, Hassan Musa","doi":"10.56919/usci.1222.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.1222.008","url":null,"abstract":"A high level of compliance is required to achieve the desired outcomes of treatment among HIV/AIDS patients. There is paucity of information about compliance to preventive strategies in Katsina State of Northern Nigeria. In this study, a questionnaire was developed, validated, and applied to evaluate adherence to prevention strategies in HIV/AIDS patients attending the Federal teaching hospital, Katsina (FTH) in Nigeria using an investigative descriptive study design. The questionnaire was distributed to 303 respondents that were randomly selected out of 1, 250 population of FTH, and all were returned for data analysis. Descriptive statistics, chi-square and t-tests were used to describe the respondent’s demographic information, test the main and sub-hypotheses. Results showed. Results showed significantly higher adherence to prevention strategies among HIV/AIDS patients attending FTH, Katsina (x2 194.55 df 3 p<0.05). HIVAIDS patients attending the FTH, Katsina are subject to guidelines for preventing transmission of HIV/AIDS (x2202.939 df 3 p<0.05). There was also a significant gender-based difference in adherence to prevention strategies among HIV/AIDS patients attending FTH, Katsina (t 25.690 df 301, p value 0.000). Among HIV/AIDS patients attending the FTH, Katsina, there was a significant difference in adherence to prevention strategies based on educational status (t 219.094 df 302, p-value 0.000). Based on location, there was a significant difference in adherence to prevention strategies among HIV/AIDS patients attending the FTH, Katsina (t 23.038 df 301, p-value 0.000). Results from this study shows that HIV/AIDS patients attending Federal Teaching Hospital Katsina significantly adhere to preventive guidelines for curbing the transmission of HIV/AIDS. However to further achieve the desired quality of life improvements for individual subjects and reduce prevalence in the society, concerted efforts are needed to promote compliance to therapy.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116127002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Information on the chemical characteristics of soils is required in the sustainable the management of soil fertility and productivity. The objective of this study was to determine chemical characteristics of basement complex derived soils of the Jos Plateau. Soil study followed the approach in the Soil Survey manual and began by identification of three geologic units: granite gneiss, biotite granite and migmatite. Furthermore, eighteen soil profile pits were dug in each geologic units and eighty-four samples were taken from genetic horizons. Standard laboratory procedures were used to analyze soil samples for pH, organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus. Results showed that organic matter contents in the soils were generally low and seemed to influence the distribution of nitrogen in the soils. Consequently, contents of total nitrogen were low. Mean contents of pH in the A horizon were 5.15, 4.64 and 5.58 respectively for soils derived from granite gneiss, biotite granite and migmatite. Low pH levels are linked to the basic cations draining out of the profile and the acidic character of the basement complex rocks from which the soils were formed. Soil reaction in most cases indicated that soils had a net negative charge. Available P contents in the magmatic soils was significantly higher than those of other geologic units. Effects of granite gneiss, biotite granite and migmatite parent materials on variation in soil chemical properties were more noticeable for soil reaction and available P contents.
{"title":"Assessment of Chemical Properties of Soils Derived from Basement Complex Rocks of the Jos Plateau","authors":"Ayodele Owonubi","doi":"10.56919/usci.1222.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.1222.007","url":null,"abstract":"Information on the chemical characteristics of soils is required in the sustainable the management of soil fertility and productivity. The objective of this study was to determine chemical characteristics of basement complex derived soils of the Jos Plateau. Soil study followed the approach in the Soil Survey manual and began by identification of three geologic units: granite gneiss, biotite granite and migmatite. Furthermore, eighteen soil profile pits were dug in each geologic units and eighty-four samples were taken from genetic horizons. Standard laboratory procedures were used to analyze soil samples for pH, organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus. Results showed that organic matter contents in the soils were generally low and seemed to influence the distribution of nitrogen in the soils. Consequently, contents of total nitrogen were low. Mean contents of pH in the A horizon were 5.15, 4.64 and 5.58 respectively for soils derived from granite gneiss, biotite granite and migmatite. Low pH levels are linked to the basic cations draining out of the profile and the acidic character of the basement complex rocks from which the soils were formed. Soil reaction in most cases indicated that soils had a net negative charge. Available P contents in the magmatic soils was significantly higher than those of other geologic units. Effects of granite gneiss, biotite granite and migmatite parent materials on variation in soil chemical properties were more noticeable for soil reaction and available P contents.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128295871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using Nigeria mortality data from 2009 to 2020, this study compares and contrasts how well the Lee-Carter and ARCH models performed. Singular value decomposition (SVD) method, Langrage multiplier test, and autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARCH) effects were examined. Five (5) different ARIMA and ARCH models were fitted together with their criteria, i.e., AIC and BIC in order to determine the best model for Nigeria mortality data. ARIMA (0,1,0) had the lowest AIC and BIC values, and was determined to be the best ARIMA model. The mortality index is then modelled using ARIMA (0,1,0) and plugged back into the Lee-Carter model to predict the future mortality rate. Also ARCH (1) turned out to be the best ARCH model among other candidate models. The performance of Lee-Carter model and ARCH model was compared using error measures. Results obtained revealed that the ARCH model had the minimum RMSE and MAPE when compared with the Lee-carter model, therefore it was concluded that the ARCH model performs better than the Lee-Carter model on Nigeria mortality data.
{"title":"Comparative Study of Lee Carter and Arch Model in Modelling Female Mortality in Nigeria","authors":"Aliyu Umar Shelleng, Yahaya Jamil Sule, Jibrin Yahaya Kajuru, Adamu Kabiru","doi":"10.56919/usci.1222.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.1222.012","url":null,"abstract":"Using Nigeria mortality data from 2009 to 2020, this study compares and contrasts how well the Lee-Carter and ARCH models performed. Singular value decomposition (SVD) method, Langrage multiplier test, and autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARCH) effects were examined. Five (5) different ARIMA and ARCH models were fitted together with their criteria, i.e., AIC and BIC in order to determine the best model for Nigeria mortality data. ARIMA (0,1,0) had the lowest AIC and BIC values, and was determined to be the best ARIMA model. The mortality index is then modelled using ARIMA (0,1,0) and plugged back into the Lee-Carter model to predict the future mortality rate. Also ARCH (1) turned out to be the best ARCH model among other candidate models. The performance of Lee-Carter model and ARCH model was compared using error measures. Results obtained revealed that the ARCH model had the minimum RMSE and MAPE when compared with the Lee-carter model, therefore it was concluded that the ARCH model performs better than the Lee-Carter model on Nigeria mortality data.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134603331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asiya Imam Umar, S. Manga, A. Baki, Uba Ahmad, Aminu Yusuf Fardami
Methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most successful modern pathogens, and is transmitted in both health- care and community settings as a leading cause of bacteraemia, endocarditis, skin and soft tissue infections. This study was undertaken to identify and determine the distribution of MRSA from clinical samples in Sokoto. A total of 95 non repetitive S. aureus isolates were collected and screened for confirmation using standard microbiological techniques. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was carried out by disc diffusion using Cefoxitin. Of the 95 isolates, 42(44.2%) were methicillin resistant. The most potent antibiotic was quinupristin/dalfopristin with 83.3% followed by rifampicin with 81.0%. The least activity was shown to be in ciprofloxacin with 78.6% followed by tetracycline with 64.3%. Based on distribution of the MRSA, the highest prevalence of MRSA seen was by study centers Specialist Hospital (57.1%), females (48.9%), by age 21-30 years (56.5%), by samples pus, nasal and urethral swabs (100%) and patient admission status, inpatients (51.9%). With MRSA being a nosocomial pathogen, our findings highlight the need to pursue infection control measures in the hospitals while implementing antibiotic stewardship programs to reduce antibiotics misuse.
{"title":"Phenotyphic Identification and Distribution of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Clinical Samples in Some Selected Hospital Laboratories in Sokoto, Sokoto State, Nigeria","authors":"Asiya Imam Umar, S. Manga, A. Baki, Uba Ahmad, Aminu Yusuf Fardami","doi":"10.56919/usci.1222.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.1222.021","url":null,"abstract":"Methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most successful modern pathogens, and is transmitted in both health- care and community settings as a leading cause of bacteraemia, endocarditis, skin and soft tissue infections. This study was undertaken to identify and determine the distribution of MRSA from clinical samples in Sokoto. A total of 95 non repetitive S. aureus isolates were collected and screened for confirmation using standard microbiological techniques. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was carried out by disc diffusion using Cefoxitin. Of the 95 isolates, 42(44.2%) were methicillin resistant. The most potent antibiotic was quinupristin/dalfopristin with 83.3% followed by rifampicin with 81.0%. The least activity was shown to be in ciprofloxacin with 78.6% followed by tetracycline with 64.3%. Based on distribution of the MRSA, the highest prevalence of MRSA seen was by study centers Specialist Hospital (57.1%), females (48.9%), by age 21-30 years (56.5%), by samples pus, nasal and urethral swabs (100%) and patient admission status, inpatients (51.9%). With MRSA being a nosocomial pathogen, our findings highlight the need to pursue infection control measures in the hospitals while implementing antibiotic stewardship programs to reduce antibiotics misuse.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"499 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115953228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdullahi Muhammad Abdu, Said Sani Said, Abdullahi Salisu Ibrahim
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease which results in elevated blood sugar levels. Kigelia africana plant has many medicinal properties due to the presence of numerous secondary metabolites. The aim of this research was to evaluate the acute toxicity profile and anti-hyperglycemic potential of methanol root extract of Kigelia africana on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Twenty (20) 3-4 weeks old albino rats of mixed sexes with body weight 60-100 g were grouped into five groups (GI - GV) of equal number of rats. Diabetes was induced in the rats of Groups GII -GV, while GI rats were considered as non-diabetic control. GII which is the Diabetic control were received no treatment whereas, GIII were administered orally with 5 mg/kg b.w of standard anti-diabetic drugs Glibenclamide, GIV were orally administered 250 mg/kg b.w of extract and GV were orally administered 500 mg/kg b.w of extract. After 14 days of the treatments, the animals were sacrificed and their serum was analysed for lipid profile, hematological parameters, liver and kidney indices. At the end of the study, the root extract was found to posses’ anti-diabetic potential and due to less toxicity at low dose of about 500 mg/kg, the extract is believed to be safe for consumption at low dosage.
{"title":"Acute Toxicity Studies and Anti-diabetic Activity of Methanolic Root Extract of Kigelia africana (lam.) Benth in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats.","authors":"Abdullahi Muhammad Abdu, Said Sani Said, Abdullahi Salisu Ibrahim","doi":"10.56919/usci.1222.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.1222.011","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease which results in elevated blood sugar levels. Kigelia africana plant has many medicinal properties due to the presence of numerous secondary metabolites. The aim of this research was to evaluate the acute toxicity profile and anti-hyperglycemic potential of methanol root extract of Kigelia africana on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Twenty (20) 3-4 weeks old albino rats of mixed sexes with body weight 60-100 g were grouped into five groups (GI - GV) of equal number of rats. Diabetes was induced in the rats of Groups GII -GV, while GI rats were considered as non-diabetic control. GII which is the Diabetic control were received no treatment whereas, GIII were administered orally with 5 mg/kg b.w of standard anti-diabetic drugs Glibenclamide, GIV were orally administered 250 mg/kg b.w of extract and GV were orally administered 500 mg/kg b.w of extract. After 14 days of the treatments, the animals were sacrificed and their serum was analysed for lipid profile, hematological parameters, liver and kidney indices. At the end of the study, the root extract was found to posses’ anti-diabetic potential and due to less toxicity at low dose of about 500 mg/kg, the extract is believed to be safe for consumption at low dosage. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"20 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131149301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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