Studies showed that transmission of malaria is influenced by environmental factors such as temperature. This work is aimed at finding the impact of mosquito's breeding site water temperature on mosquito's larva development time. An artificial mosquito's breeding habitat was created. The water temperature of the habitat was measured at an hourly interval, then it is averaged into daily time scale. Weather variables of the experimental site were inpu into the the energy balance model to simulate the breeding habit water temperature. The mosquito's larva development time was then predicted by inputting both the observed water and simulated water temperature into the vector borne disease community model (VECTRI) .The daily maximum, and minimum observed water temperatures were 27.9°C, 32.6°C and 21.7°C, respectively. The daily mean, maximum, and minimum simulated water temperatures were 29.8°C, 35.6°C, and 23.5°C respectively. These temperatures are within the temperature range that supports mosquito’s larva development. Mosquito's larva development was predicted using the VECTRI model. According to this study larva development reached completion in 7.1 days using the observed water temperature, 6.03 days using the simulated water temperature and 8.01days using the observed air temperature. This energy balance model is an improved water temperature scheme over the assumption that air temperature is equal to air temperature. This work shows the importance of water temperature and the value of degree day required for emergence of an adult mosquito in the simulation of aquatic stage development. Both the observed water and simulated water temperatures are higher than the on observed air temperature, thus air temperature cannot be used as the water temperature in the simulation of the mosquito’s larva development time. The finding of the work can be used as source toward mosquito's larval control through water temperature. It is however clear from the finding that could be as result of temperature due to shorter time predicted for mosquito's larval development.
{"title":"Observation and Simulation of Mosquito Breeding Site Water Temperature for Malaria Transmission at Kaita Local Governmet Township of Katsina State, Nigeria","authors":"A. Ahmed, I. Bagudo","doi":"10.56919/usci.2123.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2123.015","url":null,"abstract":"Studies showed that transmission of malaria is influenced by environmental factors such as temperature. This work is aimed at finding the impact of mosquito's breeding site water temperature on mosquito's larva development time. An artificial mosquito's breeding habitat was created. The water temperature of the habitat was measured at an hourly interval, then it is averaged into daily time scale. Weather variables of the experimental site were inpu into the the energy balance model to simulate the breeding habit water temperature. The mosquito's larva development time was then predicted by inputting both the observed water and simulated water temperature into the vector borne disease community model (VECTRI) .The daily maximum, and minimum observed water temperatures were 27.9°C, 32.6°C and 21.7°C, respectively. The daily mean, maximum, and minimum simulated water temperatures were 29.8°C, 35.6°C, and 23.5°C respectively. These temperatures are within the temperature range that supports mosquito’s larva development. Mosquito's larva development was predicted using the VECTRI model. According to this study larva development reached completion in 7.1 days using the observed water temperature, 6.03 days using the simulated water temperature and 8.01days using the observed air temperature. This energy balance model is an improved water temperature scheme over the assumption that air temperature is equal to air temperature. This work shows the importance of water temperature and the value of degree day required for emergence of an adult mosquito in the simulation of aquatic stage development. Both the observed water and simulated water temperatures are higher than the on observed air temperature, thus air temperature cannot be used as the water temperature in the simulation of the mosquito’s larva development time. The finding of the work can be used as source toward mosquito's larval control through water temperature. It is however clear from the finding that could be as result of temperature due to shorter time predicted for mosquito's larval development.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126320383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammed, Bashir Adamu, Salisu Usman Shehu, Idris Muhammad, Auwalu Yakubu, Umar Muhammad Garasin, Mamuda Aliyu Mamuda, Mohammed Adamu Garga, Bakomi Obile Wahala, Garba, Ibrahim Ladan
This study is being undertaken to investigate the historical data on condemned carcasses at the central abattoir in Katsina metropolis from 2013 to 2019. Throughout the course of the investigation, 1,518 animals were butchered in total. The primary objective is to investigate how frequently and frequently these organ and carcass condemnation reasons occur. To determine the frequency of carcass and organ condemnation in slaughtered cattle, sheep, goats, and camels, a seven-year retrospective data set from January 2013 to December 2019 was examined. The findings revealed that uterus, lungs, and liver had the largest prevalence of animal parts condemnation over the course of the study at 132 (74.5%), 34 (27.6%), and 36 (17.2%), respectively. Pregnancy (72.6%), pneumonia (12.7%), and fasciolosis (15.6%) were the major causes of the various organs condemned. There is statistically significant (p>0.05) relationship between the number of animals slaughtered, number of animal condemned par ts, and the causes of organ and carcass condemnation across the period studied. To minimize negative effects on public health and financial losses, strategies must be implemented to reduce the rate of animal parts condemnation.
{"title":"Retrospective Study on Condemned Carcass and Organ at Katsina Central Abattoir for a Period of 2013 to 2019","authors":"Muhammed, Bashir Adamu, Salisu Usman Shehu, Idris Muhammad, Auwalu Yakubu, Umar Muhammad Garasin, Mamuda Aliyu Mamuda, Mohammed Adamu Garga, Bakomi Obile Wahala, Garba, Ibrahim Ladan","doi":"10.56919/usci.2123.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2123.008","url":null,"abstract":"This study is being undertaken to investigate the historical data on condemned carcasses at the central abattoir in Katsina metropolis from 2013 to 2019. Throughout the course of the investigation, 1,518 animals were butchered in total. The primary objective is to investigate how frequently and frequently these organ and carcass condemnation reasons occur. To determine the frequency of carcass and organ condemnation in slaughtered cattle, sheep, goats, and camels, a seven-year retrospective data set from January 2013 to December 2019 was examined. The findings revealed that uterus, lungs, and liver had the largest prevalence of animal parts condemnation over the course of the study at 132 (74.5%), 34 (27.6%), and 36 (17.2%), respectively. Pregnancy (72.6%), pneumonia (12.7%), and fasciolosis (15.6%) were the major causes of the various organs condemned. There is statistically significant (p>0.05) relationship between the number of animals slaughtered, number of animal condemned par ts, and the causes of organ and carcass condemnation across the period studied. To minimize negative effects on public health and financial losses, strategies must be implemented to reduce the rate of animal parts condemnation.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116967397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dauda Sani Abdullahi, Dr. Muhammad Sirajo Aliyu, Usman Musa Abdullahi
Stroke disease is a serious cause of death globally. Early predictions of the disease will save a lot of lives but most of the clinical datasets are imbalanced in nature including the stroke dataset, making the predictive algorithms biased towards the majority class. The objective of this research is to compare different data resampling algorithms on the stroke dataset to improve the prediction performances of the machine learning models. This paper considered five (5) resampling algorithms namely; Random over Sampling (ROS), Synthetic Minority oversampling Technique (SMOTE), Adaptive Synthetic (ADASYN), hybrid techniques like SMOTE with Edited Nearest Neighbor (SMOTE-ENN), and SMOTE with Tomek Links (SMOTE-TOMEK) and trained on six (6) machine learning classifiers namely; Logistic Regression (LR), Decision Tree (DT), K-nearest Neighbor (KNN), Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and XGBoost (XGB). The hybrid technique SMOTE-ENN influences the machine learning classifiers the best followed by the SMOTE technique while the combination of SMOTE and XGB perform better with an accuracy of 97.99% and G-mean score of 0.99, and auc_roc score of 0.99. Resampling algorithms balance the dataset and enhanced the predictive power of machine learning algorithms. Therefore, we recommend resampling stroke dataset in predicting stroke disease than modeling on the imbalanced dataset.
{"title":"Comparative analysis of resampling algorithms in the prediction of stroke diseases","authors":"Dauda Sani Abdullahi, Dr. Muhammad Sirajo Aliyu, Usman Musa Abdullahi","doi":"10.56919/usci.2123.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2123.011","url":null,"abstract":"Stroke disease is a serious cause of death globally. Early predictions of the disease will save a lot of lives but most of the clinical datasets are imbalanced in nature including the stroke dataset, making the predictive algorithms biased towards the majority class. The objective of this research is to compare different data resampling algorithms on the stroke dataset to improve the prediction performances of the machine learning models. This paper considered five (5) resampling algorithms namely; Random over Sampling (ROS), Synthetic Minority oversampling Technique (SMOTE), Adaptive Synthetic (ADASYN), hybrid techniques like SMOTE with Edited Nearest Neighbor (SMOTE-ENN), and SMOTE with Tomek Links (SMOTE-TOMEK) and trained on six (6) machine learning classifiers namely; Logistic Regression (LR), Decision Tree (DT), K-nearest Neighbor (KNN), Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and XGBoost (XGB). The hybrid technique SMOTE-ENN influences the machine learning classifiers the best followed by the SMOTE technique while the combination of SMOTE and XGB perform better with an accuracy of 97.99% and G-mean score of 0.99, and auc_roc score of 0.99. Resampling algorithms balance the dataset and enhanced the predictive power of machine learning algorithms. Therefore, we recommend resampling stroke dataset in predicting stroke disease than modeling on the imbalanced dataset.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125385000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AMINU YUSUF FARDAMI, Ibrahim Muhammad Magami, Aminu Abdullahi Yarima, Muntasir Sabitu
Microplastic pollution in freshwater bodies is a serious environmental issue affecting agriculture, human consumption, and ecological well-being. Microbial bioremediation is a promising method for removing microplastic waste. Bacterial and fungal species have shown efficiency in breaking down microplastic either aerobically or anaerobically. The alphaproteobacteria class, particularly the Rhodobacteraceae family, and the gammaproteobacteria family were home to the majority of bacteria that could break down microplastic. Several researchers investigated the Rhodococcus genus and the genera Pseudomonas sp. with noteworthy outcomes. Fungal phyla of Ascomycota (Dothideomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Leotiomycetes, Saccharomycetes, and Sordariomycetes), Basidiomycota (Agaricomycetes, Microbotryomycetes, Tremellomycetes, Tritirachiomycetes, and Ustilaginomycetes), and Mucoromycota (Mucoromycetes) were found efficient in the degradation of microplastic in both land and fresh water bodies. It is important to take action to lessen the amount of plastic garbage that enters freshwater bodies, as well as to improve waste management procedures and encourage sustainable plastic usage patterns in Nigeria.
{"title":"Microbes Associated with Bioremediation of Microplastic Waste in Nigerian Freshwater Bodies: A Review","authors":"AMINU YUSUF FARDAMI, Ibrahim Muhammad Magami, Aminu Abdullahi Yarima, Muntasir Sabitu","doi":"10.56919/usci.2123.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2123.017","url":null,"abstract":"Microplastic pollution in freshwater bodies is a serious environmental issue affecting agriculture, human consumption, and ecological well-being. Microbial bioremediation is a promising method for removing microplastic waste. Bacterial and fungal species have shown efficiency in breaking down microplastic either aerobically or anaerobically. The alphaproteobacteria class, particularly the Rhodobacteraceae family, and the gammaproteobacteria family were home to the majority of bacteria that could break down microplastic. Several researchers investigated the Rhodococcus genus and the genera Pseudomonas sp. with noteworthy outcomes. Fungal phyla of Ascomycota (Dothideomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Leotiomycetes, Saccharomycetes, and Sordariomycetes), Basidiomycota (Agaricomycetes, Microbotryomycetes, Tremellomycetes, Tritirachiomycetes, and Ustilaginomycetes), and Mucoromycota (Mucoromycetes) were found efficient in the degradation of microplastic in both land and fresh water bodies. It is important to take action to lessen the amount of plastic garbage that enters freshwater bodies, as well as to improve waste management procedures and encourage sustainable plastic usage patterns in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135464241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
None Jibril Sani Mohammed, None Yahaya Mustapha, None Usman Abubakar, None Eghobor Sunday, None Bashir Mohammed Mayaki, None Yahya Sadiq Abdulrahman, None Mohammed Isa Auyo, None Aisha Wada Abubakar
ABSTRACT
An Allium cepa root cells assay was used to assess cytotoxic and genotoxic impacts on Pharmaceutical industrial effluent in Kano Metropolis. An industrial effluent's physicochemical characteristics and heavy metal composition were assessed, and the readings were found to be higher than the required levels, demonstrating that it had not been treated before disposal. A set of 45 onion bulbs were grown for 96 hours in pharmaceutical effluent that included 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0% (v/v), with distilled water serving as the control. All three root tips from each replication's treated bulbs were plucked at 96 hours and prepared for cytogenetic analysis using the aceto-carmine squashed procedure. At higher doses of industrial effluents, the root tips were highly cytotoxic, and their growth was strongly retarded. Exposure to the effluents inhibited root growth with an EC50 value of 6.3%. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a significant difference (P 0.05) in the average root growth of Allium cepa subjected to various pharmaceutical effluent concentrations. Mitosis Index (MI) rapidly reduced when effluent concentrations rose compared to control, whereas mitotic inhibition rose with rising effluent concentrations compared to controls. The pharmaceutical effluent triggered chromosomal abnormalities in Allium cepa root tip cells, particularly sticky chromosomes, Binucleated cells, and Bridge chromosomes being most commonly seen at lower doses of 2.5%. It was discovered that the compounds present in effluent might harm living things and, if left untreated, could poison the environment. Industrialists need to be legally required to switch their operations to environmentally friendly technology after it was determined that industrial effluents pose an environmental danger and can result in a number of human illnesses.
{"title":"Evaluation of Cyto-Genotoxicity of Pharmaceutical Industrial Effluent in Kano Metropolis, Kano State, Nigeria, Using Allium Cepa L. Assay","authors":"None Jibril Sani Mohammed, None Yahaya Mustapha, None Usman Abubakar, None Eghobor Sunday, None Bashir Mohammed Mayaki, None Yahya Sadiq Abdulrahman, None Mohammed Isa Auyo, None Aisha Wada Abubakar","doi":"10.56919/usci.2123.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2123.013","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT
 An Allium cepa root cells assay was used to assess cytotoxic and genotoxic impacts on Pharmaceutical industrial effluent in Kano Metropolis. An industrial effluent's physicochemical characteristics and heavy metal composition were assessed, and the readings were found to be higher than the required levels, demonstrating that it had not been treated before disposal. A set of 45 onion bulbs were grown for 96 hours in pharmaceutical effluent that included 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0% (v/v), with distilled water serving as the control. All three root tips from each replication's treated bulbs were plucked at 96 hours and prepared for cytogenetic analysis using the aceto-carmine squashed procedure. At higher doses of industrial effluents, the root tips were highly cytotoxic, and their growth was strongly retarded. Exposure to the effluents inhibited root growth with an EC50 value of 6.3%. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a significant difference (P 0.05) in the average root growth of Allium cepa subjected to various pharmaceutical effluent concentrations. Mitosis Index (MI) rapidly reduced when effluent concentrations rose compared to control, whereas mitotic inhibition rose with rising effluent concentrations compared to controls. The pharmaceutical effluent triggered chromosomal abnormalities in Allium cepa root tip cells, particularly sticky chromosomes, Binucleated cells, and Bridge chromosomes being most commonly seen at lower doses of 2.5%. It was discovered that the compounds present in effluent might harm living things and, if left untreated, could poison the environment. Industrialists need to be legally required to switch their operations to environmentally friendly technology after it was determined that industrial effluents pose an environmental danger and can result in a number of human illnesses.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136002541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdurrahman Muhammed, Nura Liman Chiromawa, Ibrahim Muhammad Bagudo, Abdurrahman Ibrahim Khalil
In recent years, the formation of microstructures on silicon wafer has gained popularity as a concept for increasing photon trapping and light absorption for optoelectronics applications. This study used three methods to improve infrared light absorption in silicon samples - sample preparation, Radio Corporation of America (RCA) cleaning, and chemical wet etching. The solutions used for Radio Corporation of America (RCA) clean were water (H2O), Ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH), hydrogen perioxide (H2O2), Hydrofluoric acid (H.F.). Three silicon wafers with a 1cm2 orientation were cut and cleaned using RCA, and then surface-textured using a wet chemical procedure by etching into different chemical solutions of Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) of the same concentration. The wafers were removed at different etching time intervals (5, 10, 15 minutes) and analysed using an infrared spectrometer with Fourier transformation (FTIR) to study the absorptions of light. A mean absorbance of 0.9801 a.u, 0.9845 a.u and 0.977 a.u for 5, 10 and 15 minutes of texturization was obtained. The results showed a wafer that was etched by H2SO4 solution for 10 minute as the most enhanced silicon wafer for I.R light absorption. Hence, it is recommended to texture a silicon wafer for a period of 10 minutes in H2SO4 solution for better absorption.
近年来，在硅片上形成微结构作为一个增加光子捕获和光吸收的概念在光电子应用中得到了广泛的应用。本研究采用三种方法来提高硅样品的红外光吸收——样品制备、美国无线电公司(RCA)清洗和化学湿法蚀刻。美国无线电公司(Radio Corporation of America, RCA)使用的清洁溶液有水(H2O)、氢氧化铵(NH4OH)、过氧化氢(H2O2)、氢氟酸(H.F.)。采用RCA法对3片1cm2取向的硅片进行切割和清洗，然后在相同浓度的硫酸(H2SO4)的不同化学溶液中蚀刻，采用湿化学工艺对硅片进行表面纹理处理。在不同的蚀刻时间间隔(5,10,15分钟)去除晶圆，并使用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)分析光的吸收。织构作用5、10和15分钟的平均吸光度分别为0.9801、0.9845和0.977 a.u。结果表明，在H2SO4溶液中蚀刻10分钟后，硅片对ir光的吸收增强最大。因此，建议将硅片在H2SO4溶液中织制10分钟，以获得更好的吸收。
{"title":"Infrared Light Absorption Enhancement in Crystalline Silicon Wafer Textured With H2SO4 Solution","authors":"Abdurrahman Muhammed, Nura Liman Chiromawa, Ibrahim Muhammad Bagudo, Abdurrahman Ibrahim Khalil","doi":"10.56919/usci.2123.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2123.014","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the formation of microstructures on silicon wafer has gained popularity as a concept for increasing photon trapping and light absorption for optoelectronics applications. This study used three methods to improve infrared light absorption in silicon samples - sample preparation, Radio Corporation of America (RCA) cleaning, and chemical wet etching. The solutions used for Radio Corporation of America (RCA) clean were water (H2O), Ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH), hydrogen perioxide (H2O2), Hydrofluoric acid (H.F.). Three silicon wafers with a 1cm2 orientation were cut and cleaned using RCA, and then surface-textured using a wet chemical procedure by etching into different chemical solutions of Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) of the same concentration. The wafers were removed at different etching time intervals (5, 10, 15 minutes) and analysed using an infrared spectrometer with Fourier transformation (FTIR) to study the absorptions of light. A mean absorbance of 0.9801 a.u, 0.9845 a.u and 0.977 a.u for 5, 10 and 15 minutes of texturization was obtained. The results showed a wafer that was etched by H2SO4 solution for 10 minute as the most enhanced silicon wafer for I.R light absorption. Hence, it is recommended to texture a silicon wafer for a period of 10 minutes in H2SO4 solution for better absorption.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"169 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135464069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The medicinal, folkloric, and other uses of aloe vera cannot be over-emphasized. In this study, we qualitatively and quantitatively analysed the phytochemical composition of Aloe vera. Fresh leaves of Aloe vera were extracted by percolation method using three different solvents: ethanol, diethyl ether, and distilled water. The extracts were analysed for important phytoconstituents using conventional qualitative and quantitative methods. The results showed that alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, cardiac glycosides, saponins, saponin glycosides, and tannins were present, while steroids, balsam, anthraquinones, and volatile oil were not detected. The quantitative analysis indicated a high concentration of alkaloids (31.067 g/100 g), tannins (25.66 g/100 g), and saponins (10.67 g/100g) while glycosides (0.060 g/100 g) had the least concentration. The result indicates the potential health and cosmetic benefits of Aloe vera as well as its potential benefits in the food industries
{"title":"Qualitative and Quantitative Phytochemical Analysis of Aloe barbadensis Miller Leaf Extracts","authors":"Yusuf Ahmed Nalado, Abduljabbar Tijjani","doi":"10.56919/usci.2123.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2123.004","url":null,"abstract":"The medicinal, folkloric, and other uses of aloe vera cannot be over-emphasized. In this study, we qualitatively and quantitatively analysed the phytochemical composition of Aloe vera. Fresh leaves of Aloe vera were extracted by percolation method using three different solvents: ethanol, diethyl ether, and distilled water. The extracts were analysed for important phytoconstituents using conventional qualitative and quantitative methods. The results showed that alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, cardiac glycosides, saponins, saponin glycosides, and tannins were present, while steroids, balsam, anthraquinones, and volatile oil were not detected. The quantitative analysis indicated a high concentration of alkaloids (31.067 g/100 g), tannins (25.66 g/100 g), and saponins (10.67 g/100g) while glycosides (0.060 g/100 g) had the least concentration. The result indicates the potential health and cosmetic benefits of Aloe vera as well as its potential benefits in the food industries","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126266001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Aliyu, Said, Sani Said, Abdullahi Muhammad Abdu
Carica papaya leaves are commonly used traditionally to treat many diseases, including peptic ulcers; however, these pharmacological claims and safety issues of the leaves have not been adequately resolved. The present study aims to evaluate the possible gastro-protective potential of Carica papaya aqueous and methanol leaf extracts on ethanol-induced ulcers. Aqueous and Methanol extracts of C. papaya were prepared by percolation method and screened for phytochemicals using conventional method and Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrometric methods. The gastro-protective effects of the extracts were determined using thirty (30) rats weighing 180 and 250 g were randomly divided into five groups. Group 1 served as the normal control (distilled water), groups 2 served as the (negative control), group 3 received 25mg/kg Omeprazole (standard drug) group 4 and 5 received 300 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg of aqueous and methanol extracts of Carica papaya. Two weeks after the oral administration, gastric ulcer was induced in all rats with 95% ethanol (2 mL). The aqueous and methanol leaf extract of C. papaya showed a significant (p<0.05) dose-dependent protection against peptic ulcer. The effects produced by the methanol leaf extract of C. papaya were comparable to those of the standard drugs (Omeprazole). Phytochemical analysis of the aqueous and methanol leaves extracts of C. papaya revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, reducing sugar and saponins, some of which have been reported to elicit cytoprotective effect. Gas chromatographic analysis showed the presence of cytoprotective agents. These findings show that aqueous and methanol extracts of the leaves of C. papaya possess potent antiulcer properties; hence justifies the traditional usage of this plant for ulcer treatment.
{"title":"Gastro-protective Effect of Carica Papaya leaf extracts On induced Gastric ulcer in Rats","authors":"M. Aliyu, Said, Sani Said, Abdullahi Muhammad Abdu","doi":"10.56919/usci.2123.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2123.003","url":null,"abstract":"Carica papaya leaves are commonly used traditionally to treat many diseases, including peptic ulcers; however, these pharmacological claims and safety issues of the leaves have not been adequately resolved. The present study aims to evaluate the possible gastro-protective potential of Carica papaya aqueous and methanol leaf extracts on ethanol-induced ulcers. Aqueous and Methanol extracts of C. papaya were prepared by percolation method and screened for phytochemicals using conventional method and Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrometric methods. The gastro-protective effects of the extracts were determined using thirty (30) rats weighing 180 and 250 g were randomly divided into five groups. Group 1 served as the normal control (distilled water), groups 2 served as the (negative control), group 3 received 25mg/kg Omeprazole (standard drug) group 4 and 5 received 300 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg of aqueous and methanol extracts of Carica papaya. Two weeks after the oral administration, gastric ulcer was induced in all rats with 95% ethanol (2 mL). The aqueous and methanol leaf extract of C. papaya showed a significant (p<0.05) dose-dependent protection against peptic ulcer. The effects produced by the methanol leaf extract of C. papaya were comparable to those of the standard drugs (Omeprazole). Phytochemical analysis of the aqueous and methanol leaves extracts of C. papaya revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, reducing sugar and saponins, some of which have been reported to elicit cytoprotective effect. Gas chromatographic analysis showed the presence of cytoprotective agents. These findings show that aqueous and methanol extracts of the leaves of C. papaya possess potent antiulcer properties; hence justifies the traditional usage of this plant for ulcer treatment.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132705266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Calcium carbide is frequently used by vendors to hasten the ripening of banana fruits, and this practice has a long history. Calcium carbide is connected to the negative consequences of heavy metals. Measurements of heavy metal concentrations on artificially ripe bananas using calcium carbide in Katsina state and throughout Nigeria are essential to assist the competent authorities in regulating the use of chemical ripening agents for food safety and consumption. This study aims to assess the levels of heavy metals in banana fruits that have been artificially made to ripen. A sample was collected from Mairuwa Fadama of Katsina state's Funtua local government Area. The Banana pulp and peel were analyzed for heavy metals (arsenic, calcium, lead and cadmium) content using standard methods. Results showed that heavy metal concentrations in the banana peel are higher than in the banana pulp. The findings detail the heavy metals content of the banana peel and pulp eaten in Katsina State. The findings also showed that banana peels contain more heavy metals than pulp.
{"title":"Determination of Heavy Metals Recovered from Artificially Ripe Banana with Calcium Carbide","authors":"Aliyu, Bashir, Sanusi, Junaidu, Garba Idris Yar’gamji","doi":"10.56919/usci.2123_002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2123_002","url":null,"abstract":"Calcium carbide is frequently used by vendors to hasten the ripening of banana fruits, and this practice has a long history. Calcium carbide is connected to the negative consequences of heavy metals. Measurements of heavy metal concentrations on artificially ripe bananas using calcium carbide in Katsina state and throughout Nigeria are essential to assist the competent authorities in regulating the use of chemical ripening agents for food safety and consumption. This study aims to assess the levels of heavy metals in banana fruits that have been artificially made to ripen. A sample was collected from Mairuwa Fadama of Katsina state's Funtua local government Area. The Banana pulp and peel were analyzed for heavy metals (arsenic, calcium, lead and cadmium) content using standard methods. Results showed that heavy metal concentrations in the banana peel are higher than in the banana pulp. The findings detail the heavy metals content of the banana peel and pulp eaten in Katsina State. The findings also showed that banana peels contain more heavy metals than pulp.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131254552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Hadiza Baffa, Muhammad Abubakar Miyim, Abdullahi Sani Dauda
Graduates' employability becomes one of the performance indicators for higher educational institutions (HEIs) because the number of graduates produced every year from higher educational institutions continues to grow and as competition to secure good jobs increases, it is significant for HEIs to understand the employability of graduates upon graduation and highlight the reasons. To predict students' employability before graduation, machine learning models were employed. These include logistic regression; decision tree, random forest, and an unsupervised clustering (K-Means) algorithm. This research, therefore, aims to predict the full-time employability of undergraduate students based on academic and experience employability attributes – including cumulative grade point average (CGPA), student industrial work experience scheme (SIWES), co-curricular activities, gender, and union groupings before graduation. Primary datasets of 218 graduate students in the last four academic calendar years (2016 – 2021) from the Computer Science Department of Federal University Dutse were rated. The results demonstrate that Random Forest Classifier predict students employability the best with an accuracy of 98% and f1-score of 0.99 compare to logistic regression and decision tree. Furthermore, using more students’ data with more attributes including academics and extracurricular activities can improve the models performance and predict students’ employability.
{"title":"Machine Learning for Predicting Students’ Employability","authors":"Muhammad Hadiza Baffa, Muhammad Abubakar Miyim, Abdullahi Sani Dauda","doi":"10.56919/usci.2123_001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2123_001","url":null,"abstract":"Graduates' employability becomes one of the performance indicators for higher educational institutions (HEIs) because the number of graduates produced every year from higher educational institutions continues to grow and as competition to secure good jobs increases, it is significant for HEIs to understand the employability of graduates upon graduation and highlight the reasons. To predict students' employability before graduation, machine learning models were employed. These include logistic regression; decision tree, random forest, and an unsupervised clustering (K-Means) algorithm. This research, therefore, aims to predict the full-time employability of undergraduate students based on academic and experience employability attributes – including cumulative grade point average (CGPA), student industrial work experience scheme (SIWES), co-curricular activities, gender, and union groupings before graduation. Primary datasets of 218 graduate students in the last four academic calendar years (2016 – 2021) from the Computer Science Department of Federal University Dutse were rated. The results demonstrate that Random Forest Classifier predict students employability the best with an accuracy of 98% and f1-score of 0.99 compare to logistic regression and decision tree. Furthermore, using more students’ data with more attributes including academics and extracurricular activities can improve the models performance and predict students’ employability. ","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130029481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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