The study seeks to evaluate the level of genetic diversity among selected cowpea varieties using both phenotypic traits and seed storage proteins. Twenty cowpea varieties were used in the study. They were planted and phenotypically characterized. Seed proteins were evaluated at maturity. There was a high phenotypic variation observed among the selected cowpea with the evaluated phenotypic traits while a low level of variation was observed with protein evaluation. The variation captured by the phenotype (>90%) was higher as compared to the protein (< 30%) analysis in the study. Three major clusters were generated with the majority of the germplasms in cluster III, regardless of whether the phenotype or protein analysis was used. While the variation observed within the phenotypic traits might have been due to environmental influences, the low variation exhibited using seed storage proteins implies a high level of similarity among cowpea samples. Hence, a more stable marker type should be explored to identify the true level of genetic diversity within cowpea germplasm.
{"title":"Phenotypic and protein variations among selected cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) varieties","authors":"O. Amusa, A. Igbari","doi":"10.56919/usci.2223.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2223.002","url":null,"abstract":"The study seeks to evaluate the level of genetic diversity among selected cowpea varieties using both phenotypic traits and seed storage proteins. Twenty cowpea varieties were used in the study. They were planted and phenotypically characterized. Seed proteins were evaluated at maturity. There was a high phenotypic variation observed among the selected cowpea with the evaluated phenotypic traits while a low level of variation was observed with protein evaluation. The variation captured by the phenotype (>90%) was higher as compared to the protein (< 30%) analysis in the study. Three major clusters were generated with the majority of the germplasms in cluster III, regardless of whether the phenotype or protein analysis was used. While the variation observed within the phenotypic traits might have been due to environmental influences, the low variation exhibited using seed storage proteins implies a high level of similarity among cowpea samples. Hence, a more stable marker type should be explored to identify the true level of genetic diversity within cowpea germplasm.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129331030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Multi-part Balanced Incomplete Block Designs is a combination of many orthogonal balanced incomplete block designs in the same block. The design has been used to study cancer trials with medical centers as blocks. Various design layouts has been constructed for a restricted number of cancer types and drugs. However, parameter estimation, hypothesis testing, and model building for the constructed design layouts have not being considered. Based on the foregoing, we proposed additive model for the design (2-part Balanced Incomplete Block Designs) and estimated its parameters using the least square method. The parameter estimation precipitated to the formation of ANOVA table which paved way for the hypothesis testing procedure.
{"title":"A Study on 2-Part Balanced Incomplete Block Design","authors":"Naziru Muhammad, J. Garba, Abdulkarim Muhammad","doi":"10.56919/usci.2223.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2223.001","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-part Balanced Incomplete Block Designs is a combination of many orthogonal balanced incomplete block designs in the same block. The design has been used to study cancer trials with medical centers as blocks. Various design layouts has been constructed for a restricted number of cancer types and drugs. However, parameter estimation, hypothesis testing, and model building for the constructed design layouts have not being considered. Based on the foregoing, we proposed additive model for the design (2-part Balanced Incomplete Block Designs) and estimated its parameters using the least square method. The parameter estimation precipitated to the formation of ANOVA table which paved way for the hypothesis testing procedure.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130308186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Zara, Masanawa Abubakar Aliyu, Abdulazeez Ridwan
In order to treat a variety of human health issues, plants are a beneficial source for getting numerous pharmacologically active chemicals. This study aimed to qualitatively and quantitatively determine the phytochemical constituents of Artemisia annua, Azadirachta indica, Nauclea latifolia, and Vernonia ambigua. The volatile constituents of these plants were extracted using steam distillation. The phytochemical constituents were qualitatively and quantitatively determined using the standard methods. The results of the phytochemical screening show the presence of glycosides, terpenoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, and tannins. The quantitative Analysis shows that Azadirachta indica has the highest concentration of alkaloid (0.18 mg/mL), flavonoid (0.06 mg/mL), and total phenolic compounds (0.11 mg/mL). It was concluded that the distillates of the plants studied possess significant phytoconstituents. Further study needs to identify relevant compounds from the distillates for a better understanding of their mechanism of actions and activities. Furthermore, toxicology and in vivo studies should performed to deduce the safety of ingesting the distillates.
{"title":"Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of the Phytochemicals of Azadirachta indica, Nauclea Latifolia, Vernonia ambigua, and Artemisia annua Distillates","authors":"Muhammad Zara, Masanawa Abubakar Aliyu, Abdulazeez Ridwan","doi":"10.56919/usci.1222.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.1222.018","url":null,"abstract":"In order to treat a variety of human health issues, plants are a beneficial source for getting numerous pharmacologically active chemicals. This study aimed to qualitatively and quantitatively determine the phytochemical constituents of Artemisia annua, Azadirachta indica, Nauclea latifolia, and Vernonia ambigua. The volatile constituents of these plants were extracted using steam distillation. The phytochemical constituents were qualitatively and quantitatively determined using the standard methods. The results of the phytochemical screening show the presence of glycosides, terpenoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, and tannins. The quantitative Analysis shows that Azadirachta indica has the highest concentration of alkaloid (0.18 mg/mL), flavonoid (0.06 mg/mL), and total phenolic compounds (0.11 mg/mL). It was concluded that the distillates of the plants studied possess significant phytoconstituents. Further study needs to identify relevant compounds from the distillates for a better understanding of their mechanism of actions and activities. Furthermore, toxicology and in vivo studies should performed to deduce the safety of ingesting the distillates.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126707595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bello Olalekan Akanji, Doguwa, Sani Ibrahim, Yahaya Abubakar, Jibril Haruna Mohammed
Recent research has demonstrated the utility of extending continuous distributions in fitting data of all kinds. This paper proposes the Type II Half-Logistic Exponentiated Weibull (TIIHLEtW) Distribution as a new distribution. For the Type II Half-Logistic Exponentiated Weibull distribution, we obtain precise expressions for the quantile function, probability-weighted, moments, moments generating function, reliability function, hazards function, and order statistics. The maximum likelihood estimation approach is used to estimate the parameters of the new distribution, and a simulation study is presented. Two real data sets are used to demonstrate the new distribution's applicability and flexibility. The findings indicated that the new distribution is a better fit for the data compared to the other models that were examined.
{"title":"The properties of Type II Half-Logistic Exponentiated Weibull Distribution with Applications","authors":"Bello Olalekan Akanji, Doguwa, Sani Ibrahim, Yahaya Abubakar, Jibril Haruna Mohammed","doi":"10.56919/usci.2123.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2123.006","url":null,"abstract":"Recent research has demonstrated the utility of extending continuous distributions in fitting data of all kinds. This paper proposes the Type II Half-Logistic Exponentiated Weibull (TIIHLEtW) Distribution as a new distribution. For the Type II Half-Logistic Exponentiated Weibull distribution, we obtain precise expressions for the quantile function, probability-weighted, moments, moments generating function, reliability function, hazards function, and order statistics. The maximum likelihood estimation approach is used to estimate the parameters of the new distribution, and a simulation study is presented. Two real data sets are used to demonstrate the new distribution's applicability and flexibility. The findings indicated that the new distribution is a better fit for the data compared to the other models that were examined. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126128853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of roselle as dietary supplements on the growth performance, nutrients utilization and hematological parameters of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings using standard methods and procedures for a period of three months from October to November 2021 in fish research farm of the Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Faculty of Renewable natural resources, Federal University Dutsin-ma (FUDMA), Katsina State located along the new market road adjacent Shema filling station at latitude 120.46’’ and longitude 70..49’’ Dutsin-ma Katsina State. Two hundred Clarias gariepinus fingerlings (4.25±0.13g) were allotted to four diets as treatments in a complete randomized design with roselle as additives at different inclusion levels of 0.0%, 0.4%, 0.6% and 0.8%respectively. Fish fed 0.8% roselle have significantly (p>0.05) higher growth performance and nutrient utilization followed by 0.6%roselle fed fish group, while 0.4%roselle fed fish had the lowest growth performance among treated groups and control. There were no significant changes (p>0.05) in the haematology of C. gariepinus fed different levels of roselle, but highest values for red blood cells (3.10±0.26), haemoglobin (9.63±0.85), packed cell volume (29.0±2.65) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (31.1±1.05) were observed in 0.8% roselle group. Highest mean corpuscular volume (94.4±7.91) and lymphocyte (32.0±4.36) were seen in 0.6% roselle treated group. Highest mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (33.27±0.05) in the control. For differential white blood cell counts, higher neutrophil (71.33±7.03) and basophil (2.3±1.53) were seen in 0.8% g roselle treatment group. Highest mean corpuscular volume (94.4±7.91) and lymphocyte (32.0±4.36) were seen in 0.6% roselle treated group, while the control have highest value for monocyte (4.3±2.52) and eosinophil (2.0±1.00). This study showed that fish fed 0.8% roselle diet had better growth performance, nutrient utilization and haematological parameters and it is therefore recommended for use in fish diet.
{"title":"The Effects of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) Calyx as Dietary Additive on the Growth Performance, Nutrient Utilization, and Haematological Parameters of Clarias gariepinus Fingerlings.","authors":"Hauwau SALELE ABUBAKAR, Justina Omolegho Oshoke, Salisu Usman Shehu","doi":"10.56919/usci.2123.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2123.009","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to investigate the effects of roselle as dietary supplements on the growth performance, nutrients utilization and hematological parameters of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings using standard methods and procedures for a period of three months from October to November 2021 in fish research farm of the Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Faculty of Renewable natural resources, Federal University Dutsin-ma (FUDMA), Katsina State located along the new market road adjacent Shema filling station at latitude 120.46’’ and longitude 70..49’’ Dutsin-ma Katsina State. Two hundred Clarias gariepinus fingerlings (4.25±0.13g) were allotted to four diets as treatments in a complete randomized design with roselle as additives at different inclusion levels of 0.0%, 0.4%, 0.6% and 0.8%respectively. Fish fed 0.8% roselle have significantly (p>0.05) higher growth performance and nutrient utilization followed by 0.6%roselle fed fish group, while 0.4%roselle fed fish had the lowest growth performance among treated groups and control. There were no significant changes (p>0.05) in the haematology of C. gariepinus fed different levels of roselle, but highest values for red blood cells (3.10±0.26), haemoglobin (9.63±0.85), packed cell volume (29.0±2.65) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (31.1±1.05) were observed in 0.8% roselle group. Highest mean corpuscular volume (94.4±7.91) and lymphocyte (32.0±4.36) were seen in 0.6% roselle treated group. Highest mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (33.27±0.05) in the control. For differential white blood cell counts, higher neutrophil (71.33±7.03) and basophil (2.3±1.53) were seen in 0.8% g roselle treatment group. Highest mean corpuscular volume (94.4±7.91) and lymphocyte (32.0±4.36) were seen in 0.6% roselle treated group, while the control have highest value for monocyte (4.3±2.52) and eosinophil (2.0±1.00). This study showed that fish fed 0.8% roselle diet had better growth performance, nutrient utilization and haematological parameters and it is therefore recommended for use in fish diet.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122527306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bacteriocins are newly discovered exometabolites of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with antimicrobial activity and biopreservative potential; however, studies investigating the potential of LAB from locally fermented milk (Nono) in Northern Nigeria for bacteriocin production and their antimicrobial effects on foodborne pathogenic bacteria are still insufficient. The present study aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity of bacteriocins produced by Lactobacillus spp isolated from Nono against foodborne pathogens. A total of 30 samples of Nono were purchased from Bayero University Kano old campus and K/Wambai market Kano State. Nono’s physicochemical parameters (pH and Titratable acidity) and Lactic acid Bacteria (LAB) counts were determined according to standard methods. The samples were further screened for Lactobacillus spp based on routine cultural characteristics, general morphological, biochemical tests and API 50CHL techniques. Crude bacteriocins were extracted and evaluated for antibacterial activity by Agar well diffusion method. The analyses revealed that Nono had pH values ranging from 2.84- 4.08, titratable acidity (1.16- 1.34%) and LAB counts ranged from 8.60x106 – 3.00x108. Thirty – eight (38) Lactobacillus spp based on distinct morphology were isolated from Nono. The different species of the genus Lactobacillus were identified phenotypically based on their carbohydrates fermentation profiles (API 50 CHL) as Lactobacillus plantarum 1, Lactobacillus fermentum 1 , Lactobacillus pentosus, Lactobacillus fermentum 2 and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp lactis 1. Ten (10) out of the 38 isolates were potential bacteriocin producers. Extracted crude bacteriocins exhibited broad-spectrum activity against E. coli (9.5+0.3 – 20 +0.8mm) and S. aureus (9.47+0.6 -18.3 + 0.6mm). Bacteriocins produced by Lactobacillus spp isolated from Nono could be used to solve the problem of contaminating microorganisms in food industries.
{"title":"Antibacterial Activity of Crude Bacteriocins Produced by Lactobacillus Species Isolated from Nono (Fermented Milk)","authors":"Abbas Ruqayyah, Usman","doi":"10.56919/usci.2123.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2123.012","url":null,"abstract":"Bacteriocins are newly discovered exometabolites of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with antimicrobial activity and biopreservative potential; however, studies investigating the potential of LAB from locally fermented milk (Nono) in Northern Nigeria for bacteriocin production and their antimicrobial effects on foodborne pathogenic bacteria are still insufficient. The present study aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity of bacteriocins produced by Lactobacillus spp isolated from Nono against foodborne pathogens. A total of 30 samples of Nono were purchased from Bayero University Kano old campus and K/Wambai market Kano State. Nono’s physicochemical parameters (pH and Titratable acidity) and Lactic acid Bacteria (LAB) counts were determined according to standard methods. The samples were further screened for Lactobacillus spp based on routine cultural characteristics, general morphological, biochemical tests and API 50CHL techniques. Crude bacteriocins were extracted and evaluated for antibacterial activity by Agar well diffusion method. The analyses revealed that Nono had pH values ranging from 2.84- 4.08, titratable acidity (1.16- 1.34%) and LAB counts ranged from 8.60x106 – 3.00x108. Thirty – eight (38) Lactobacillus spp based on distinct morphology were isolated from Nono. The different species of the genus Lactobacillus were identified phenotypically based on their carbohydrates fermentation profiles (API 50 CHL) as Lactobacillus plantarum 1, Lactobacillus fermentum 1 , Lactobacillus pentosus, Lactobacillus fermentum 2 and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp lactis 1. Ten (10) out of the 38 isolates were potential bacteriocin producers. Extracted crude bacteriocins exhibited broad-spectrum activity against E. coli (9.5+0.3 – 20 +0.8mm) and S. aureus (9.47+0.6 -18.3 + 0.6mm). Bacteriocins produced by Lactobacillus spp isolated from Nono could be used to solve the problem of contaminating microorganisms in food industries.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122897455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmad Muhammad Idris, D. Eshimiakhe, Shehu Ibrahim Adam, J. Gambo, H. Abubakar
This research aims to explore the geological formation and sub-surface lithology modelling of Hadejia, Jigawa State using the VES (vertical electrical sounding) method. The VES method is a geophysical technique that measures the electrical resistivity of the subsurface, which is related to the lithology of the rock units. The study area is located in the north-western part of Nigeria, on latitudes 12025’23.73‘‘N and longitudes 10°04’06.74‘‘E, and is characterized by a chad formation geological setting with a variety of rock units, including sandstones, shales, and limestone. The research was conducted using a total of 50 VES stations, which were distributed over the study area in a grid pattern. The data collected from the VES stations were analyzed using the IPI2WIN software. The results were used to create a subsurface electrical resistivity model, which was then used to infer the lithology units present in the subsurface. The results showed that the study area is characterized by a complex subsurface structure, with several rock units present, including sandstones, silt, and clay. The subsurface electrical resistivity model revealed that the sandstone units are located at shallow depths, while the silt units are found at deeper depths. The clay is present at intermediate depths and is interbedded with sandstones and clay. The results provide valuable information for hydro-geological and mineral exploration in the area.
{"title":"Exploring the Geological Formation and Sub-Surface Lithology Modelling of Hadejia, Jigawa State Nigeria","authors":"Ahmad Muhammad Idris, D. Eshimiakhe, Shehu Ibrahim Adam, J. Gambo, H. Abubakar","doi":"10.56919/usci.2123.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2123.005","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to explore the geological formation and sub-surface lithology modelling of Hadejia, Jigawa State using the VES (vertical electrical sounding) method. The VES method is a geophysical technique that measures the electrical resistivity of the subsurface, which is related to the lithology of the rock units. The study area is located in the north-western part of Nigeria, on latitudes 12025’23.73‘‘N and longitudes 10°04’06.74‘‘E, and is characterized by a chad formation geological setting with a variety of rock units, including sandstones, shales, and limestone. The research was conducted using a total of 50 VES stations, which were distributed over the study area in a grid pattern. The data collected from the VES stations were analyzed using the IPI2WIN software. The results were used to create a subsurface electrical resistivity model, which was then used to infer the lithology units present in the subsurface. The results showed that the study area is characterized by a complex subsurface structure, with several rock units present, including sandstones, silt, and clay. The subsurface electrical resistivity model revealed that the sandstone units are located at shallow depths, while the silt units are found at deeper depths. The clay is present at intermediate depths and is interbedded with sandstones and clay. The results provide valuable information for hydro-geological and mineral exploration in the area.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130813056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aminu Yusuf Fardami, Umar Balarabe Ibrahim, Muntasir Sabitu, Abduljalil Lawal, Mahdi Ahmad Adamu, A. Aliyu, Ibrahim Lawal, Abdullahi Ibrahim Dalhatu, Muhammad Sanusi Zainab, A. Farouq
Because of rising levels of heavy metal pollution in the environment, microbial resistance to heavy metals has become an increasing concern. Heavy metal resistance in bacteria is typically achieved through a combination of passive and active mechanisms, including heavy metal sequestration, efflux, or transformation within the microbial cell. During the efflux mechanism, a membrane protein's energy-dependent ion efflux from the cell is necessary for heavy metal removal. Understanding the physicochemical parameters of the environment, structure and diversity of microbial communities, nature and concentration of heavy metals is critical for developing effective strategies for the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated sites. Many microbes play a significant part on functioning ecosystem more especially in the biogeochemical cycling of heavy metals by removing the metals from the environment. As, Pb, Cd, and Hg are among heavy metals that are associated with the most common ecologically hazardous metals that can be toxic to microbes and still nature has evolved few groups of microbes that were found to resist the effect of heavy metals while thriving within their ecosystem such as Pseudomonas sp., Escherichia coli and Serratia marcescens that can resist Hg. Pseudomonas putida, Cupriavidus necator, Exiguobacterium sp., Bacillus aquimaris, Bacillus cereus and Alcaligenes sp. can also resist Cu, Cd, Pb, Cr and Ni. The exposure of local and regional soil with heavy metal pollution due to smelting causes which poses major environmental issues that is currently on rise in human ecosystem. Therefore, studying the mechanisms of bacterial resistance to heavy metal is critical for developing strategies to reduce the environmental impact of heavy metal pollution.
{"title":"Mechanisms of Bacterial Resistance to Heavy Metals: A Mini Review","authors":"Aminu Yusuf Fardami, Umar Balarabe Ibrahim, Muntasir Sabitu, Abduljalil Lawal, Mahdi Ahmad Adamu, A. Aliyu, Ibrahim Lawal, Abdullahi Ibrahim Dalhatu, Muhammad Sanusi Zainab, A. Farouq","doi":"10.56919/usci.2123.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2123.010","url":null,"abstract":"Because of rising levels of heavy metal pollution in the environment, microbial resistance to heavy metals has become an increasing concern. Heavy metal resistance in bacteria is typically achieved through a combination of passive and active mechanisms, including heavy metal sequestration, efflux, or transformation within the microbial cell. During the efflux mechanism, a membrane protein's energy-dependent ion efflux from the cell is necessary for heavy metal removal. Understanding the physicochemical parameters of the environment, structure and diversity of microbial communities, nature and concentration of heavy metals is critical for developing effective strategies for the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated sites. Many microbes play a significant part on functioning ecosystem more especially in the biogeochemical cycling of heavy metals by removing the metals from the environment. As, Pb, Cd, and Hg are among heavy metals that are associated with the most common ecologically hazardous metals that can be toxic to microbes and still nature has evolved few groups of microbes that were found to resist the effect of heavy metals while thriving within their ecosystem such as Pseudomonas sp., Escherichia coli and Serratia marcescens that can resist Hg. Pseudomonas putida, Cupriavidus necator, Exiguobacterium sp., Bacillus aquimaris, Bacillus cereus and Alcaligenes sp. can also resist Cu, Cd, Pb, Cr and Ni. The exposure of local and regional soil with heavy metal pollution due to smelting causes which poses major environmental issues that is currently on rise in human ecosystem. Therefore, studying the mechanisms of bacterial resistance to heavy metal is critical for developing strategies to reduce the environmental impact of heavy metal pollution.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116609076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Experimental studies of natural fluorite have been reported. In this study, combined X-Ray Fluorescence, FTIR and UV-Vis analyses were performed to give mineralogical information about natural fluorspar. The X-ray diffraction technique was also used to determine the crystallographic parameters and structure of the mineral. Results show a variation of Ca contents and low concentration of F, through all fluorite samples due to Ba and Br contents in the samples, causing replacements of impurity ions in the fluorite lattice. REEs in the fluorite samples were to be found responsible for colour. UV-Visible absorption results showed peaks between 209 to 368 nm, which did not affect the fluorite colour. The 224 nm and 365 nm peaks were caused by the electrons and holes trapped in the Ca2+ interstitial and vacancy, respectively. The absorption bands in the visible range relate to the corresponding fluorite samples. The FTIR results showed absorptions causing CO2 and CO32-stretching vibration due to the CaCO3 and OH stretching vibration due to water in the samples. The structural configuration, the lattice parameters, and the planes confirmed a cubic structure. Obtained results confirmed them to be Calcium Fluorite, as expected.
{"title":"Mineralogical and Structural Analyses of Natural Fluorite from Yantuwaru Mining Site, Nigeria","authors":"Gidado Shehu, Ibrahim Muhammad Bagudo","doi":"10.56919/usci.2123.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2123.007","url":null,"abstract":"Experimental studies of natural fluorite have been reported. In this study, combined X-Ray Fluorescence, FTIR and UV-Vis analyses were performed to give mineralogical information about natural fluorspar. The X-ray diffraction technique was also used to determine the crystallographic parameters and structure of the mineral. Results show a variation of Ca contents and low concentration of F, through all fluorite samples due to Ba and Br contents in the samples, causing replacements of impurity ions in the fluorite lattice. REEs in the fluorite samples were to be found responsible for colour. UV-Visible absorption results showed peaks between 209 to 368 nm, which did not affect the fluorite colour. The 224 nm and 365 nm peaks were caused by the electrons and holes trapped in the Ca2+ interstitial and vacancy, respectively. The absorption bands in the visible range relate to the corresponding fluorite samples. The FTIR results showed absorptions causing CO2 and CO32-stretching vibration due to the CaCO3 and OH stretching vibration due to water in the samples. The structural configuration, the lattice parameters, and the planes confirmed a cubic structure. Obtained results confirmed them to be Calcium Fluorite, as expected.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128904229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human activities lead to the accumulation of heavy metals in an environment which make environment to be polluted. The research area has become stepwise engage with various waste such as refused dump, animal waste, engine oil, kerosene, spilling of disel etc which can introduce the trace heavy metals. Heavy metals are environmental threat for soils, are also dependent by plant and life of living organism. As the risk of exposure to heavy metals increases for humans directly or indirectly. The study of Analysis of Background Concentration Some Heavy Metals in soil samples extracted from Dandagoro Quarters, Katsina, Katsina State, located at latitude 37˚91ᴵ74ᴵᴵ to 76ᴵᴵE and the longitude 13˚8ᴵ24ᴵᴵN was carried out. At intervals of 100 m, soil samples were collected from the study area, and each 100 m was divided into 10 m. (B1-B10). In order to determine the concentration of the five examined heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Cd, Pb and Co,), a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (FAAS) was used. The locations have an average heavy metal concentration of 0.240, 0.110, 0.093, 0.002 and 0.001(ppm) respectively. Differences were seen by comparing the mean concentration of the heavy metals in the target areas with world health organization (W.H.O) threshold limit, national and international related studies and it was reporeted that the samples were not contaminated with the heavy metals. But the metals were presence and there is no need for urgent intervention and remediation measures by the authority. It was recommended that, factories, gas station and manufacturing industries should not be located at or near the area in order to reduced human activities so as to make environment stable and free from pollutants.
{"title":"Analysis of Some Heavy Metal Background Concentration at Dandagoro Quarters, Katsina, Katsina State, Nigeria","authors":"None Aminu Samaila, None Bello, Suleiman, None Salele, Shamsu, None Iliyasu, Sagir Rafuka","doi":"10.56919/usci.2123.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2123.016","url":null,"abstract":"Human activities lead to the accumulation of heavy metals in an environment which make environment to be polluted. The research area has become stepwise engage with various waste such as refused dump, animal waste, engine oil, kerosene, spilling of disel etc which can introduce the trace heavy metals. Heavy metals are environmental threat for soils, are also dependent by plant and life of living organism. As the risk of exposure to heavy metals increases for humans directly or indirectly. The study of Analysis of Background Concentration Some Heavy Metals in soil samples extracted from Dandagoro Quarters, Katsina, Katsina State, located at latitude 37˚91ᴵ74ᴵᴵ to 76ᴵᴵE and the longitude 13˚8ᴵ24ᴵᴵN was carried out. At intervals of 100 m, soil samples were collected from the study area, and each 100 m was divided into 10 m. (B1-B10). In order to determine the concentration of the five examined heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Cd, Pb and Co,), a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (FAAS) was used. The locations have an average heavy metal concentration of 0.240, 0.110, 0.093, 0.002 and 0.001(ppm) respectively. Differences were seen by comparing the mean concentration of the heavy metals in the target areas with world health organization (W.H.O) threshold limit, national and international related studies and it was reporeted that the samples were not contaminated with the heavy metals. But the metals were presence and there is no need for urgent intervention and remediation measures by the authority. It was recommended that, factories, gas station and manufacturing industries should not be located at or near the area in order to reduced human activities so as to make environment stable and free from pollutants.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135464240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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