Tijjani Mustapha, Ahmad Shehu Kutama, Mohammed Isah Auyo, Mai-Abba Ishiyaku Abdullahi
As Rice (O. sativa) becomes one of the world's most important cereal crops, its cultivation in arid and semi-arid countries relies heavily on irrigation, and soil salinity remains an environmental or abiotic danger in those regions. Aside from abiotic threats, R. solani-caused sheath blight is one of the most significant fungal diseases restricting global rice output. Because there is a strong link between environmental conditions and plant diseases, determining the effect of salinity on sheath blight disease will be critical. The mycelial block approach was employed to inoculate three rice varieties (Faro44, Faro52, and Jamila) subjected to varying levels of saline treatment. The incidence of sheath blight disease was determined and expressed as a percentage, and plant image analysis (Pliman) was used to measure and determine the severity of sheath blight disease on the affected plant parts. The results revealed that the disease incidence in Faro44 and Faro52 was greater at 8 dSm-1, while Jamila had the highest disease incidence at 6 dSm-1. The disease severity increases with rising salinity level in all varieties, and becomes quite severe when the salinity level exceeds 4 dSm-1. The study concluded that, salt stress is a severe hazard to rice cultivation, and the effect of sheath blight disease can worsen as soil salinity increases.
{"title":"Effects of Salinity on the Incidence and Severity of Sheath Blight Disease Caused by Rhizoctonia solani (Kuhn) on Some Varieties of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)","authors":"Tijjani Mustapha, Ahmad Shehu Kutama, Mohammed Isah Auyo, Mai-Abba Ishiyaku Abdullahi","doi":"10.56919/usci.1222.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.1222.017","url":null,"abstract":"As Rice (O. sativa) becomes one of the world's most important cereal crops, its cultivation in arid and semi-arid countries relies heavily on irrigation, and soil salinity remains an environmental or abiotic danger in those regions. Aside from abiotic threats, R. solani-caused sheath blight is one of the most significant fungal diseases restricting global rice output. Because there is a strong link between environmental conditions and plant diseases, determining the effect of salinity on sheath blight disease will be critical. The mycelial block approach was employed to inoculate three rice varieties (Faro44, Faro52, and Jamila) subjected to varying levels of saline treatment. The incidence of sheath blight disease was determined and expressed as a percentage, and plant image analysis (Pliman) was used to measure and determine the severity of sheath blight disease on the affected plant parts. The results revealed that the disease incidence in Faro44 and Faro52 was greater at 8 dSm-1, while Jamila had the highest disease incidence at 6 dSm-1. The disease severity increases with rising salinity level in all varieties, and becomes quite severe when the salinity level exceeds 4 dSm-1. The study concluded that, salt stress is a severe hazard to rice cultivation, and the effect of sheath blight disease can worsen as soil salinity increases.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122008134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The development and formulation of a most reliable and efficient numerical schemes for the integration of stiff systems of ordinary differential equations in terms of order, convergence, stability requirements, accuracy, and computational expense has been a major challenged in the study of modern numerical analysis. In this paper, the order and convergence properties of the 2-point diagonally implicit block backward differentiation formula with two off-step points for solving first order stiff initial value problems have been studied, the method was derived and found to be of order five. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the convergence of the method have also been established. It has shown that the 2-point diagonally implicit block backward differentiation formula with two off-step points is both consistent and zero stable, having satisfied these two conditions of consistency and that of zero stability, it is therefore concluded that the method converges and suitable for the numerical integration of stiff systems.
{"title":"Convergence and Order of the 2-Point Diagonally Implicit Block Backward Differentiation Formula with Two Off-Step Points","authors":"Alhassan Buhari, Hamisu Musa, Naghmeh Abasi","doi":"10.56919/usci.1222.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.1222.004","url":null,"abstract":"The development and formulation of a most reliable and efficient numerical schemes for the integration of stiff systems of ordinary differential equations in terms of order, convergence, stability requirements, accuracy, and computational expense has been a major challenged in the study of modern numerical analysis. In this paper, the order and convergence properties of the 2-point diagonally implicit block backward differentiation formula with two off-step points for solving first order stiff initial value problems have been studied, the method was derived and found to be of order five. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the convergence of the method have also been established. It has shown that the 2-point diagonally implicit block backward differentiation formula with two off-step points is both consistent and zero stable, having satisfied these two conditions of consistency and that of zero stability, it is therefore concluded that the method converges and suitable for the numerical integration of stiff systems.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"314 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114232105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Hadejia-Nguru wetland is a source of drinking, farming, and natural fertilization of fields, fishing and transportation. Discharges from agricultural activities, sewage and chemical application find their way into this water body. The present study is aimed at evaluating levels of some heavy metals (Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr and Al) in tissues of Clarias gariepinus (gills, liver and muscles) collected at 5 sampling sites labelled as A-E. Histopathological examination and the presence of antioxidant enzymes revealed the extent of damage in tissue and stress in the fish. Results of the heavy metal reveals concentrations in the sequence Pb>Cr>Hg>Al>Cd revealing a concentration higher than the permissible maximum residue limit as recommended by FAO and WHO. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione were seen in elevated levels in the gills, liver and muscles. The highest level of SOD was found in the liver with a mean concentration of 32.43u/ml followed by a concentration level 12.35u/ml in the gills, CAT levels was highest in the liver with a concentration level of 67.80u/ml, MDA was highest in the gills with a concentration of 9.06n/mol and there was no significant difference (P<0.05) between concentration of MDA in the liver with other organs. GSH levels was highest in the gills with a concentration of 1016.64µg/ml and there was a significant difference (P<0.005) between the concentration of GSH in the gills in comparison to other organs. Histopathology revealed different deleterious effects in the gill filaments, hepatocytes and bowman’s space in the liver and muscle cells respectivly. The presence of metal toxicity, antioxidant enzymes and tissue disorders in fish are indication of pollution and can serve as bio-monitoring model of the safety of fresh water bodies.
{"title":"Histopathological and Oxidative Stress Response in African Catfish Clarias gariepinus in Heavy Metal Contaminated Water from the Hadejia-Nguru Wetland North Eastern Nigeria.","authors":"I.M. Musa, Imam Tijjani Sabiu","doi":"10.56919/usci.1222.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.1222.010","url":null,"abstract":"The Hadejia-Nguru wetland is a source of drinking, farming, and natural fertilization of fields, fishing and transportation. Discharges from agricultural activities, sewage and chemical application find their way into this water body. The present study is aimed at evaluating levels of some heavy metals (Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr and Al) in tissues of Clarias gariepinus (gills, liver and muscles) collected at 5 sampling sites labelled as A-E. Histopathological examination and the presence of antioxidant enzymes revealed the extent of damage in tissue and stress in the fish. Results of the heavy metal reveals concentrations in the sequence Pb>Cr>Hg>Al>Cd revealing a concentration higher than the permissible maximum residue limit as recommended by FAO and WHO. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione were seen in elevated levels in the gills, liver and muscles. The highest level of SOD was found in the liver with a mean concentration of 32.43u/ml followed by a concentration level 12.35u/ml in the gills, CAT levels was highest in the liver with a concentration level of 67.80u/ml, MDA was highest in the gills with a concentration of 9.06n/mol and there was no significant difference (P<0.05) between concentration of MDA in the liver with other organs. GSH levels was highest in the gills with a concentration of 1016.64µg/ml and there was a significant difference (P<0.005) between the concentration of GSH in the gills in comparison to other organs. Histopathology revealed different deleterious effects in the gill filaments, hepatocytes and bowman’s space in the liver and muscle cells respectivly. The presence of metal toxicity, antioxidant enzymes and tissue disorders in fish are indication of pollution and can serve as bio-monitoring model of the safety of fresh water bodies.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123789094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kabir Jamaladdeen, Bashir Gide Muhammad, Ahmed Rufai Usman
The amount of radiation dose received by patient undergoing Head computed tomography examination in General Amadi rimi orthopedics and specialist hospital, Katsina has been estimated. Computed tomography dose output was used to determine the effective dose and organ dose of non-contrast to the head region of 30 patients. The tube potential ranged from 127 kVp to 130 kVp, while the mAs ranged from 130 mAs to 140. The aims of this study are, first, to assess the mean effective doses received by patients undergoing Head CT examinations and compare them with other studies. Mean values of CTDIvol. was (43.1mGy), the mean DLP values was (1206 mGy.cm), the mean effective dose (HEDLP) value was (2.4 mSv). The result was compared with the European Union reference dose level and other published factor. HEDLP was slightly higher than the values reported from the literature for the united nation and European union report by 0.4 factor. It was concluded that patient organ doses could be substantially minimized, optimized and justified. The high variation in the doses in this study may be due to differences in imaging protocols such as large range of mAs and scan length and also algorithms of the scanner.
{"title":"Assessment of Organ Dose and Effective Dose from Head Computed Tomography in Northwestern Nigeria","authors":"Kabir Jamaladdeen, Bashir Gide Muhammad, Ahmed Rufai Usman","doi":"10.56919/usci.1222.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.1222.013","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000The amount of radiation dose received by patient undergoing Head computed tomography examination in General Amadi rimi orthopedics and specialist hospital, Katsina has been estimated. Computed tomography dose output was used to determine the effective dose and organ dose of non-contrast to the head region of 30 patients. The tube potential ranged from 127 kVp to 130 kVp, while the mAs ranged from 130 mAs to 140. The aims of this study are, first, to assess the mean effective doses received by patients undergoing Head CT examinations and compare them with other studies. Mean values of CTDIvol. was (43.1mGy), the mean DLP values was (1206 mGy.cm), the mean effective dose (HEDLP) value was (2.4 mSv). The result was compared with the European Union reference dose level and other published factor. HEDLP was slightly higher than the values reported from the literature for the united nation and European union report by 0.4 factor. It was concluded that patient organ doses could be substantially minimized, optimized and justified. The high variation in the doses in this study may be due to differences in imaging protocols such as large range of mAs and scan length and also algorithms of the scanner.\u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115649693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The physical characteristics of soils to a large extent influences soil productivity. The objective of this study therefore is to evaluate the physical characteristics of soils derived from basement complex rocks of the Jos Plateau. According to the methodology outlined in the Soil Survey manual, the stratification of the study region into three geologic units—granite gneiss, biotite granite, and migmatite—was the first step in the soil research process. Additionally, soil samples were collected from genetic strata and soil profile pits were dug in each of these geologic units. Following standard procedure soils were analyzed for color, particles size distribution, structure, and bulk density. Results indicated that physical soil characteristics over the geologic units studied were in most cases similar. However significant differences were observed in particle size distribution in the A-horizons. Clay content in the A horizon of these soils generally ranged from a minimum of 8% to a maximum of 28%. Clay content in the A-horizons of the magmatic soils were significantly higher (P<0.05) than soils over granite gneiss but statistically similar (P>0.05) to those of biotite granite. Particle size distribution data indicate that the soils have undergone intensive weathering. Soil structures were on the average moderately developed in the soils studied with angular and sub-angular blocky structures. Although there was evidence of soil compaction to suggest plant root development could be affected or inhibited in these soils. .
{"title":"Evaluation of Physical Characteristics of Soils Derived from Basement Complex Rocks of the Jos Plateau","authors":"Ayodele Owonubi","doi":"10.56919/usci.1222.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.1222.005","url":null,"abstract":"The physical characteristics of soils to a large extent influences soil productivity. The objective of this study therefore is to evaluate the physical characteristics of soils derived from basement complex rocks of the Jos Plateau. According to the methodology outlined in the Soil Survey manual, the stratification of the study region into three geologic units—granite gneiss, biotite granite, and migmatite—was the first step in the soil research process. Additionally, soil samples were collected from genetic strata and soil profile pits were dug in each of these geologic units. Following standard procedure soils were analyzed for color, particles size distribution, structure, and bulk density. Results indicated that physical soil characteristics over the geologic units studied were in most cases similar. However significant differences were observed in particle size distribution in the A-horizons. Clay content in the A horizon of these soils generally ranged from a minimum of 8% to a maximum of 28%. Clay content in the A-horizons of the magmatic soils were significantly higher (P<0.05) than soils over granite gneiss but statistically similar (P>0.05) to those of biotite granite. Particle size distribution data indicate that the soils have undergone intensive weathering. Soil structures were on the average moderately developed in the soils studied with angular and sub-angular blocky structures. Although there was evidence of soil compaction to suggest plant root development could be affected or inhibited in these soils.\u0000. \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129709110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adamu Ishaq Tsamaye, Altine Fakka Waziri, S. Shamaki, H. Shehu, Kasimu Abubakar Shagari, A. M. Gumi
The responses of selected rice accessions to variant salt concentrations and in-silico analysis of DREB1A gene among diploid Oryza species were evaluated. Ten (10) rice accessions were selected based on their popularity in farmer's fields. Seedlings of each variety (one per pot) were watered with variant salt concentrations of 0mM, 100mM and 200mM for 21 days. The morpho-physiological characters (plant height, number of tillers, root length and dry weight) were evaluated using a standard evaluation system for rice. The reference sequences of OsDREB1A and AtDREB1A were used as queries to search against the 10 diploid Oryza species in the BLASTN of the PlantEnsembl database to reveal DREB1A orthologs. The retrieved DREB1A orthologs were used to compute the physicochemical properties of their proteins, gene motifs, intron-exon architecture and phylogenetic relationship. The studied accessions showed significant differences (p<0.05) in morpho-physiological responses to salinity. The accessions Zaqama, Yar-Garnaki, Yar-Yuti, Samira and Chana-Beru performed better under salt stress and there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the control and salt-treated groups. Additionally, the in-silico analysis of DREB1A gene identified 10 orthologs with conserved single transcript, AP2 domain and unstable protein (characteristics of TFs) across the 10 diploid Oryza species. Phylogenetic analysis revealed 3 clusters of African rice and its progenitor, Asian rice and their relatives and O. brachyantha/O. punctata complex, similar to the evolution of rice species. Conclusively, salt stress affects rice in a concentration-dependent manner and DREB1A gene is a conserved plant transcription factor (TF) across diploid Oryza species.
{"title":"PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF SELECTED RICE ACCESSIONS TO SALINITY AND IN SILICO ANALYSIS OF DREB1A GENE AMONG DIPLOID Oryza SPECIES","authors":"Adamu Ishaq Tsamaye, Altine Fakka Waziri, S. Shamaki, H. Shehu, Kasimu Abubakar Shagari, A. M. Gumi","doi":"10.56919/usci.1222.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.1222.014","url":null,"abstract":"The responses of selected rice accessions to variant salt concentrations and in-silico analysis of DREB1A gene among diploid Oryza species were evaluated. Ten (10) rice accessions were selected based on their popularity in farmer's fields. Seedlings of each variety (one per pot) were watered with variant salt concentrations of 0mM, 100mM and 200mM for 21 days. The morpho-physiological characters (plant height, number of tillers, root length and dry weight) were evaluated using a standard evaluation system for rice. The reference sequences of OsDREB1A and AtDREB1A were used as queries to search against the 10 diploid Oryza species in the BLASTN of the PlantEnsembl database to reveal DREB1A orthologs. The retrieved DREB1A orthologs were used to compute the physicochemical properties of their proteins, gene motifs, intron-exon architecture and phylogenetic relationship. The studied accessions showed significant differences (p<0.05) in morpho-physiological responses to salinity. The accessions Zaqama, Yar-Garnaki, Yar-Yuti, Samira and Chana-Beru performed better under salt stress and there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the control and salt-treated groups. Additionally, the in-silico analysis of DREB1A gene identified 10 orthologs with conserved single transcript, AP2 domain and unstable protein (characteristics of TFs) across the 10 diploid Oryza species. Phylogenetic analysis revealed 3 clusters of African rice and its progenitor, Asian rice and their relatives and O. brachyantha/O. punctata complex, similar to the evolution of rice species. Conclusively, salt stress affects rice in a concentration-dependent manner and DREB1A gene is a conserved plant transcription factor (TF) across diploid Oryza species.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129723074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IBRAHIM LAWAL, AMINU YUSUF FARDAMI, Suleiman Bello, Aisha Habibu, Zainab MUHAMMAD SANUSI
Infection due to strain of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS COV2) has grown to be of global public health significance. Biotechnology uses living organisms such as microbes to produce metabolites like biosurfactants. Biosurfactants are ampiphilic surface active biomolecules that were proven to have therapeutic function against some groups of microbes including viruses. They also have anti-inflammatory potential through their interaction with viral membranes and macromolecules to decrease cytosolic phospholipase A2, which is the beginning of an anti-inflammatory response, and are recognized structurally by toll-like receptors (TLR-2), which are released when neutrophils are stimulated. They can also play vital role in aiding the human body to have inflammatory response. The functional groups of biosurfactants interact with the viruses membrane structure. Some groups of biosurfactants cause physiochemical processes that render viruses inactive. Therefore it can generally be understood that biosurfactants destroy the virus's envelope and the viral membrane's structures. The principle behind biosurfactant’s anti viral property is due to the hydrophilic properties that are within the acetyl groups. Additionally, the hydrophobic properties of biosurfactant are also important in making it to have antiviral activity. These activities of biosurfactants against viruses make it to be potential anti-inflammatory and anti-viral agents against Covid-19. Therefore this paper is aimed to produce a mini review on the anti-inflammatory and anti-viral potential against Covid-19. And the review also highlights some of the desirable properties and benefits of biosurfactants as anti-corona viruses.
{"title":"The Potentials of Biosurfactants as Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Viral Agents Against Covid-19: A Mini Review","authors":"IBRAHIM LAWAL, AMINU YUSUF FARDAMI, Suleiman Bello, Aisha Habibu, Zainab MUHAMMAD SANUSI","doi":"10.56919/usci.1222.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.1222.019","url":null,"abstract":"Infection due to strain of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS COV2) has grown to be of global public health significance. Biotechnology uses living organisms such as microbes to produce metabolites like biosurfactants. Biosurfactants are ampiphilic surface active biomolecules that were proven to have therapeutic function against some groups of microbes including viruses. They also have anti-inflammatory potential through their interaction with viral membranes and macromolecules to decrease cytosolic phospholipase A2, which is the beginning of an anti-inflammatory response, and are recognized structurally by toll-like receptors (TLR-2), which are released when neutrophils are stimulated. They can also play vital role in aiding the human body to have inflammatory response. The functional groups of biosurfactants interact with the viruses membrane structure. Some groups of biosurfactants cause physiochemical processes that render viruses inactive. Therefore it can generally be understood that biosurfactants destroy the virus's envelope and the viral membrane's structures. The principle behind biosurfactant’s anti viral property is due to the hydrophilic properties that are within the acetyl groups. Additionally, the hydrophobic properties of biosurfactant are also important in making it to have antiviral activity. These activities of biosurfactants against viruses make it to be potential anti-inflammatory and anti-viral agents against Covid-19. Therefore this paper is aimed to produce a mini review on the anti-inflammatory and anti-viral potential against Covid-19. And the review also highlights some of the desirable properties and benefits of biosurfactants as anti-corona viruses.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126964762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A multistep collocation approach is used to derive a single-step modified block hybrid method (MBHM) of order five for solving general second-order initial-value problems (IVPs) of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The new method's basic convergence property is established, and its numerical accuracy is demonstrated using numerical examples from the literature. The new method outperforms similar methods in terms of accuracy, earning it a recommendation as a likely candidate for solving general second-order ODEs.
{"title":"A Single-Step Modified Block Hybrid Method for General Second-Order Ordinary Differential Equations","authors":"Adee, Solomon Ortwer, Kumleng, Geoffrey Micah","doi":"10.56919/usci.2123.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2123.002","url":null,"abstract":"A multistep collocation approach is used to derive a single-step modified block hybrid method (MBHM) of order five for solving general second-order initial-value problems (IVPs) of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The new method's basic convergence property is established, and its numerical accuracy is demonstrated using numerical examples from the literature. The new method outperforms similar methods in terms of accuracy, earning it a recommendation as a likely candidate for solving general second-order ODEs.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126794716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Ndirmbula Grema, H. Ismail, Sanusi Muhammad
The most prevalent type of mycorrhiza are arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). in plants and have been used as biofertilizer due to its ability to capture and supply water and nutrients to plants. In this study, investigations were carried out to ascertain the effect of biofertilizer (AMF), organic (cow dung) and inorganic fertilizers (NPK) on chlorophyll and moisture contents of pearl millet crop. Experiments were conducted in greenhouse and treatments arranged in a Complete Randomized Block Design. The treatments were replicated four times each and monitored for chlorophyll concentration and shoot moisture contents as it affects crop yield. The chlorophyll a concentration varied from 0.92 mg/g to 1.18 mg/g, while the plants treated with NPK fertilizer exhibited highest chlorophyll a (1.18 mg/g). It was followed by the control (1.15mg/g) and organic manure. The plants inoculated with biofertilizer had the infinitesimal chlorophyll a (0.92mg/g). However, for chlorophyll b, plants treated with biofertilizer (1.01mg/g), organic manure (1.09mg/g) and NPK (1.26mg/g) exhibited higher content than in control plants that had the lowest (0.53mg/g) value. Statistics revealed that there was no discernible difference. (P<0.05) between leaves chlorophyll contents in plants treated with organic manure and NPK fertilizer. Millet treated with organic manure, biofertilizer and the control did not significantly (P<0.05) differ from one another with respect to shoot moisture contents. Although NPK had more chlorophyll contents, biofertilizer promoted more grain yield (2030 grains /m2) than all the treatments. Findings from this study indicated that biofertilizer can alternatively be used for better yield when organic and inorganic fertilizers are costly and unaffordable to peasant farmers. Further studies on biofertilizer are recommended to provide effective formulations for improved crop growth and better yield.
{"title":"Comparative Study on the Effect of Biofertilizer, Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Chlorophyll and Moisture Contents of Pennisetum typhoides","authors":"Muhammad Ndirmbula Grema, H. Ismail, Sanusi Muhammad","doi":"10.56919/usci.2123.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2123.001","url":null,"abstract":"The most prevalent type of mycorrhiza are arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). in plants and have been used as biofertilizer due to its ability to capture and supply water and nutrients to plants. In this study, investigations were carried out to ascertain the effect of biofertilizer (AMF), organic (cow dung) and inorganic fertilizers (NPK) on chlorophyll and moisture contents of pearl millet crop. Experiments were conducted in greenhouse and treatments arranged in a Complete Randomized Block Design. The treatments were replicated four times each and monitored for chlorophyll concentration and shoot moisture contents as it affects crop yield. The chlorophyll a concentration varied from 0.92 mg/g to 1.18 mg/g, while the plants treated with NPK fertilizer exhibited highest chlorophyll a (1.18 mg/g). It was followed by the control (1.15mg/g) and organic manure. The plants inoculated with biofertilizer had the infinitesimal chlorophyll a (0.92mg/g). However, for chlorophyll b, plants treated with biofertilizer (1.01mg/g), organic manure (1.09mg/g) and NPK (1.26mg/g) exhibited higher content than in control plants that had the lowest (0.53mg/g) value. Statistics revealed that there was no discernible difference. (P<0.05) between leaves chlorophyll contents in plants treated with organic manure and NPK fertilizer. Millet treated with organic manure, biofertilizer and the control did not significantly (P<0.05) differ from one another with respect to shoot moisture contents. Although NPK had more chlorophyll contents, biofertilizer promoted more grain yield (2030 grains /m2) than all the treatments. Findings from this study indicated that biofertilizer can alternatively be used for better yield when organic and inorganic fertilizers are costly and unaffordable to peasant farmers. Further studies on biofertilizer are recommended to provide effective formulations for improved crop growth and better yield.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132505305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yahaya Abubakar Aliero, Umar Abdullahi Bello, Mamuda Salihu, A. Ahmad
Structural and optical properties of copper oxide for solar cells applications was studied using screen printing techniques. Annealing procedure was employed in order to test the temperature effect. Samples were annealed at 150 oC and 200 oC for 30 minutes, the last sample was allowed to dry at room temperature. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), UV-visible spectroscopy, and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy were used to describe the materials (FTIR). The results demonstrate that the annealing temperature had a substantial impact on the sample's structural properties. SEM analysis shows that the 150 oC annealed CuO sample have good morphology, no brittleness or cracking, and no gaps between crystal grains. The UV-visible spectrometer machine type Cary 50bio (0906m12) was used to analyze the absorption and percentage transmittance of the samples at room temperature, dry CuO sample and sample annealed at 150 oC have the strongest absorption in the visible band. The entire samples have a good transmittance for solar applications according to FTIR results. CuO sample annealed at 150 oC has a band gap 1.29eV which makes it good material for solar applications.
{"title":"Characterization of the Structural and Optical Properties of Copper Oxide for Use in Solar Cells Using Screen Printing Method","authors":"Yahaya Abubakar Aliero, Umar Abdullahi Bello, Mamuda Salihu, A. Ahmad","doi":"10.56919/usci.1122.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.1122.024","url":null,"abstract":"Structural and optical properties of copper oxide for solar cells applications was studied using screen printing techniques. Annealing procedure was employed in order to test the temperature effect. Samples were annealed at 150 oC and 200 oC for 30 minutes, the last sample was allowed to dry at room temperature. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), UV-visible spectroscopy, and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy were used to describe the materials (FTIR). The results demonstrate that the annealing temperature had a substantial impact on the sample's structural properties. SEM analysis shows that the 150 oC annealed CuO sample have good morphology, no brittleness or cracking, and no gaps between crystal grains. The UV-visible spectrometer machine type Cary 50bio (0906m12) was used to analyze the absorption and percentage transmittance of the samples at room temperature, dry CuO sample and sample annealed at 150 oC have the strongest absorption in the visible band. The entire samples have a good transmittance for solar applications according to FTIR results. CuO sample annealed at 150 oC has a band gap 1.29eV which makes it good material for solar applications.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134601696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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