Aisha Buhari Salisu, Hindatu Yusuf, Shiaka Gimba Peter, Haris Garba Nura, Sadiq Haruna, Zainab Abdulsalam Jamilu
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are technologies that directly transform chemical energy into electrical energy by oxidizing organic matter using bacteria as biocatalysts. MFCs offer a potential technology for converting wastewater into useful energy source and at the same time serve as wastewater treatment facilities. This makes it superior to other wastewater treatment methods. This study focused on the utilization of MFCs to generate bioelectricity from sewage wastewater using cow urine as inoculum and identify the bacteria colonizing the anode electrode. The experiment were conducted using two-chambered MFC constructed using locally sourced materials. Wastewater was characterized using standard methods. The characteristics of the sewage wastewater are: 680 mg/L Chemical oxygen Demand (COD), 457 mg/L Biochemical oxygen Demand (BOD) and pH of 7.4. The maximum voltage, power and current density obtained were 196 mV, 18.26 mW/m2 and 97 mA/m2 respectively. The MFC shows a reduction in COD value by 82 % (680mg/L initial and 120 mg/L final).The identification of the anodic biofilms showed the presence of Bacillus spp and klebsiella spp based on their microscopic and biochemical characterization. The results of this study can contribute to improve understanding and optimizing electricity generation in MFC, Further study would be conducted in order to identify the microorganisms at molecular level.
{"title":"Bioelectricity Generation from Microbial Fuel Cell utilizing Sewage Wastewater and Cow Urine from Dutse Metropolis Jigawa State","authors":"Aisha Buhari Salisu, Hindatu Yusuf, Shiaka Gimba Peter, Haris Garba Nura, Sadiq Haruna, Zainab Abdulsalam Jamilu","doi":"10.56919/usci.2323.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2323.007","url":null,"abstract":"Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are technologies that directly transform chemical energy into electrical energy by oxidizing organic matter using bacteria as biocatalysts. MFCs offer a potential technology for converting wastewater into useful energy source and at the same time serve as wastewater treatment facilities. This makes it superior to other wastewater treatment methods. This study focused on the utilization of MFCs to generate bioelectricity from sewage wastewater using cow urine as inoculum and identify the bacteria colonizing the anode electrode. The experiment were conducted using two-chambered MFC constructed using locally sourced materials. Wastewater was characterized using standard methods. The characteristics of the sewage wastewater are: 680 mg/L Chemical oxygen Demand (COD), 457 mg/L Biochemical oxygen Demand (BOD) and pH of 7.4. The maximum voltage, power and current density obtained were 196 mV, 18.26 mW/m2 and 97 mA/m2 respectively. The MFC shows a reduction in COD value by 82 % (680mg/L initial and 120 mg/L final).The identification of the anodic biofilms showed the presence of Bacillus spp and klebsiella spp based on their microscopic and biochemical characterization. The results of this study can contribute to improve understanding and optimizing electricity generation in MFC, Further study would be conducted in order to identify the microorganisms at molecular level.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135032209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Musa Adamu Ibrahim, Musa Ibrahim, Ahmed Abbator, Sulaiman Auwal, Abdulwakil Olawale Saba
Lemna minor L. (Arales: Lemnaceae) is a small, delicate, free-floating aquatic plant that grows mostly in a nutrient-enriched environment. It has wide applications in agriculture and biosciences. This study evaluated the physicochemical factors affecting the distribution, biomass, and proximate composition of L. minor in waterways within Maiduguri metropolis, northeastern Nigeria. Duckweeds were sampled with a quadrat (25 × 25 cm) along imaginary transect lines from different areas of the metropolis between the early hours of 9:00 and11:00 a.m. in December 2021. Some physicochemical parameters of the sites were measured. Proximate composition and biomass were determined. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that PC1, PC2, and PC3 explained 79.2% of the variation. The strongest positive correlations were between Mg and alkalinity, while K, Mg, alkalinity and TSS were negatively correlated. Proximate composition indicated 11.4-18.21% crude protein and 45.92-48.47% carbohydrate in the samples. Bray-Curti’s index indicated that duckweeds in the Custom area and Bolori were the most similar (0.99). Samples collected from the Unimaid area recorded the highest wet biomass (5.0 ± 0.2 g/m2), while a sample from Umarari was the lowest (2.24 ± 0.1 g/m2). The physicochemical parameters of the site provided suitable factors for laboratory culture and large-scale production. The findings provide baseline data on the ecology and potential of duckweed as a cost-effective source of crude protein (CP) and other essential nutrients for aquaculture and animal feed, as well as a model plant for aquatic ecology, the environment and biotechnological research. Further studies to explore the applications of L. minor in different fields were recommended.
{"title":"Distribution and Bioresource Potential of Duckweed (Lemna minor L.) in Maiduguri, Nigeria","authors":"Musa Adamu Ibrahim, Musa Ibrahim, Ahmed Abbator, Sulaiman Auwal, Abdulwakil Olawale Saba","doi":"10.56919/usci.2323.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2323.009","url":null,"abstract":"Lemna minor L. (Arales: Lemnaceae) is a small, delicate, free-floating aquatic plant that grows mostly in a nutrient-enriched environment. It has wide applications in agriculture and biosciences. This study evaluated the physicochemical factors affecting the distribution, biomass, and proximate composition of L. minor in waterways within Maiduguri metropolis, northeastern Nigeria. Duckweeds were sampled with a quadrat (25 × 25 cm) along imaginary transect lines from different areas of the metropolis between the early hours of 9:00 and11:00 a.m. in December 2021. Some physicochemical parameters of the sites were measured. Proximate composition and biomass were determined. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that PC1, PC2, and PC3 explained 79.2% of the variation. The strongest positive correlations were between Mg and alkalinity, while K, Mg, alkalinity and TSS were negatively correlated. Proximate composition indicated 11.4-18.21% crude protein and 45.92-48.47% carbohydrate in the samples. Bray-Curti’s index indicated that duckweeds in the Custom area and Bolori were the most similar (0.99). Samples collected from the Unimaid area recorded the highest wet biomass (5.0 ± 0.2 g/m2), while a sample from Umarari was the lowest (2.24 ± 0.1 g/m2). The physicochemical parameters of the site provided suitable factors for laboratory culture and large-scale production. The findings provide baseline data on the ecology and potential of duckweed as a cost-effective source of crude protein (CP) and other essential nutrients for aquaculture and animal feed, as well as a model plant for aquatic ecology, the environment and biotechnological research. Further studies to explore the applications of L. minor in different fields were recommended.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"218 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135032211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aminu Aliyu, M. D. Usman, N. Mohammed, M. A. Ashafa, M. Saidu, A. Umar, C. A. Salim, G. Saifullah, A. Shafi’u, M. Usman, V. C. Ukwaja
Biosurfactants are molecules that reduce interfacial tension. Their chemical composition can vary widely, but they have in common their amphiphilic or amphipatic nature and can thus be soluble in aqueous as well as in organic solvents. The study was carried out to identify and screen biosurfactant producing bacteria from mechanic workshops in Gusau metropolis. Eight (8) soil samples were collected at the depth of 0-7 and 8-15cm from selected mechanic workshops located at Gada Biyu, Taqama bye-pass, Birnin Ruwa and non-oil contaminated soil as control for analysis. The physicochemical parameters were analysed using standard procedures (blood heamolysis, drop collapse, oil displacement and emulsification index) methods were used to screen biosurfactant production by the isolates. Mineral salt medium supplemented with 1% Actual gasoline oil (AGO) as sole sources of carbon was used to isolate hydrocarbon degrading bacteria, while heterotrophic bacteria were isolated using nutrient Agar. The soil samples from the study area were characterised with smooth, grey to dark brown soil with an unpleasant smell as well as as well as high temperature and pH. The three mechanic workshops used for this study, shows relatively higher counts for Hydrocarbon Degrading Bacteria while higher heterotrophic bacterial count was obtained from the control site though there was no significant difference between individual mechanic workshop (p>0.05). The isolates are potential biosurfactant producers based on their performance especially blood haemolysis and emulsification index. The isolates identified belonged to the species of Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Micrococcus and Serratia.
{"title":"Identification and Screening of Biosurfactant Producing Bacteria from Mechanic Workshops Soil in Gusau Metropolis, Nigeria","authors":"Aminu Aliyu, M. D. Usman, N. Mohammed, M. A. Ashafa, M. Saidu, A. Umar, C. A. Salim, G. Saifullah, A. Shafi’u, M. Usman, V. C. Ukwaja","doi":"10.56919/usci.2323.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2323.008","url":null,"abstract":"Biosurfactants are molecules that reduce interfacial tension. Their chemical composition can vary widely, but they have in common their amphiphilic or amphipatic nature and can thus be soluble in aqueous as well as in organic solvents. The study was carried out to identify and screen biosurfactant producing bacteria from mechanic workshops in Gusau metropolis. Eight (8) soil samples were collected at the depth of 0-7 and 8-15cm from selected mechanic workshops located at Gada Biyu, Taqama bye-pass, Birnin Ruwa and non-oil contaminated soil as control for analysis. The physicochemical parameters were analysed using standard procedures (blood heamolysis, drop collapse, oil displacement and emulsification index) methods were used to screen biosurfactant production by the isolates. Mineral salt medium supplemented with 1% Actual gasoline oil (AGO) as sole sources of carbon was used to isolate hydrocarbon degrading bacteria, while heterotrophic bacteria were isolated using nutrient Agar. The soil samples from the study area were characterised with smooth, grey to dark brown soil with an unpleasant smell as well as as well as high temperature and pH. The three mechanic workshops used for this study, shows relatively higher counts for Hydrocarbon Degrading Bacteria while higher heterotrophic bacterial count was obtained from the control site though there was no significant difference between individual mechanic workshop (p>0.05). The isolates are potential biosurfactant producers based on their performance especially blood haemolysis and emulsification index. The isolates identified belonged to the species of Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Micrococcus and Serratia.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135032206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Safiyan Ishaq, Ibrahim Madu Katsallah Gadzama, Kato Ishaya Auta, Basira Ibrahim
The nests of Sceliphron caementarium were studied to ascertained the rate of emergence and mortality cause of S. caementarium before emergence. Ten (10) nests of S. caementarium were taken from the various Faculties of Ahmadu Bello University main campus, located in Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria and analyzed. The greatest width of the head (GWH) was employed to estimate the size and sex ratio of emerged adult wasps. The nests of S. caementarium collected and examined from the study consists of 1-23 vertically arranged cylindrical allantoid-shaped cells. The average length and width of the male and female wasp cells was (l = 24.8mm, w = 7.0mm) and (l = 25.5mm, w = 7.8mm) respectively. The mean fecundity of the female S. caementarium from the study was calculated at 15.1 eggs per female. The sex ratio of the emerged adult S. caementarium obtained from the nests was 1 male : 1.28 female. With respect to size, the females black-and-yellow mud dauber wasp were observed to be significantly bigger than the males (p < 0.05). The highest rate of Mortality observed in the nest of S. caementarium in the study area was due to an endogenous factor 64.15% (which may be a developmental failure, pathogenic or fungal infection) followed by parasitoids accounting for about 24.52% deaths in the cells and accidental cell damage (11.32%) was the least cause of mortality in the cells.
研究了沙蚕羽化巢的羽化率和羽化前死亡原因。从位于尼日利亚卡杜纳扎里亚的阿赫杜·贝罗大学主校区的各个院系中采集了10个S. caementarium巢穴并进行了分析。采用最大头宽(GWH)来估计羽化成蜂的大小和性比。本研究所收集和检查的石斛巢由1 ~ 23个垂直排列的圆柱形尿囊状细胞组成。雄蜂和雌蜂细胞的平均长度和宽度分别为(l = 24.8mm, w = 7.0mm)和(l = 25.5mm, w = 7.8mm)。本研究的平均产卵量为每只雌虫15.1个卵。巢内羽化成虫雌雄比为1雄:1.28雌。在体型方面，雌性黑黄泥斑蜂明显大于雄性(p <0.05)。研究区红绒螯虾巢的死亡率以内源因素最高(64.15%)(可能是发育失败、致病性或真菌感染)，其次是拟寄生物，约占24.52%，意外细胞损伤(11.32%)是细胞死亡的最小原因。
{"title":"Rate of Emergence and Mortality of Sceliphron caementarium (Hymenoptera: sphecidae) as a Result of Parasitoids to Endogenous Factors in Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria.","authors":"Safiyan Ishaq, Ibrahim Madu Katsallah Gadzama, Kato Ishaya Auta, Basira Ibrahim","doi":"10.56919/usci.2323.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2323.006","url":null,"abstract":"The nests of Sceliphron caementarium were studied to ascertained the rate of emergence and mortality cause of S. caementarium before emergence. Ten (10) nests of S. caementarium were taken from the various Faculties of Ahmadu Bello University main campus, located in Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria and analyzed. The greatest width of the head (GWH) was employed to estimate the size and sex ratio of emerged adult wasps. The nests of S. caementarium collected and examined from the study consists of 1-23 vertically arranged cylindrical allantoid-shaped cells. The average length and width of the male and female wasp cells was (l = 24.8mm, w = 7.0mm) and (l = 25.5mm, w = 7.8mm) respectively. The mean fecundity of the female S. caementarium from the study was calculated at 15.1 eggs per female. The sex ratio of the emerged adult S. caementarium obtained from the nests was 1 male : 1.28 female. With respect to size, the females black-and-yellow mud dauber wasp were observed to be significantly bigger than the males (p < 0.05). The highest rate of Mortality observed in the nest of S. caementarium in the study area was due to an endogenous factor 64.15% (which may be a developmental failure, pathogenic or fungal infection) followed by parasitoids accounting for about 24.52% deaths in the cells and accidental cell damage (11.32%) was the least cause of mortality in the cells.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135295936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Munirat Bashir, None Kanu, F. C., None Suleiman, I. K.
Given the characteristics of radon, people may unwittingly be exposed to radon through water ingestion. Research on radon concentration has increased over the years due to its negative impact on the body being the major causes of lung cancer. This study reviewed twenty (20) journal publications on radon concentration in water sources (such as well, boreholes, stream and taps) in Nigeria from year the 2016 to 2023. The type of sample, sample location, devices used, the range and mean values of radon concentration (RnC) and annual effective dose (AED) were considered. From the reviewed journals, the average values of RnC ranged from 1.9 Bq/L to 88.0 Bq L-1. When compared with WHO and US EPA recommended limits of 100 Bq L-1 and 11.1 Bq L-1 respectively, all reviewed journals recorded average values of RnC below 100 Bq L-1 and 75 % of the reviewed journals recorded average values of RnC above US EPA recommended limit of 11.1 Bq L-1. The mean AED reported is within the range of 0.02 mSv yr-1 and 92 mSv yr-1 with 30 % above the recommended limit of 0.1mSv yr-1. This result shows that the majority of the radon concentration in water sources in Nigeria reported may not pose any immediate health risk. However, there is a need for continuous monitoring and protective measures to be taken.
{"title":"A Review of Radon Concentration in Water Sources in Nigeria and its Impact","authors":"Munirat Bashir, None Kanu, F. C., None Suleiman, I. K.","doi":"10.56919/usci.2323.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2323.004","url":null,"abstract":"Given the characteristics of radon, people may unwittingly be exposed to radon through water ingestion. Research on radon concentration has increased over the years due to its negative impact on the body being the major causes of lung cancer. This study reviewed twenty (20) journal publications on radon concentration in water sources (such as well, boreholes, stream and taps) in Nigeria from year the 2016 to 2023. The type of sample, sample location, devices used, the range and mean values of radon concentration (RnC) and annual effective dose (AED) were considered. From the reviewed journals, the average values of RnC ranged from 1.9 Bq/L to 88.0 Bq L-1. When compared with WHO and US EPA recommended limits of 100 Bq L-1 and 11.1 Bq L-1 respectively, all reviewed journals recorded average values of RnC below 100 Bq L-1 and 75 % of the reviewed journals recorded average values of RnC above US EPA recommended limit of 11.1 Bq L-1. The mean AED reported is within the range of 0.02 mSv yr-1 and 92 mSv yr-1 with 30 % above the recommended limit of 0.1mSv yr-1. This result shows that the majority of the radon concentration in water sources in Nigeria reported may not pose any immediate health risk. However, there is a need for continuous monitoring and protective measures to be taken.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135470447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research aims to investigate the challenges and opportunities associated with marketing Nigerian-made computer software. Specifically, it aims to explore the negative perception of locally produced goods and the consequent advantage enjoyed by foreign products. Through the analysis of people's attitudes towards Nigerian-made software, the study aims to identify strategies that can enhance its marketability. The study involved the participation of fifty computer science students and lecturers, and the results indicate that persuading organizations to adopt locally produced software is a significant challenge. To promote healthy competition against foreign software, it is necessary to create a conducive environment for Nigerian computer scientists. Additionally, the quality of the software should be ensured with a focus on security, graphics, and user-friendliness. This research has significant practical implications for businesses and offers opportunities for researchers and consultants to delve deeper into the field. Furthermore, the findings of this study can potentially inform academic advancements in this area.
{"title":"Challenges and Prospects of Marketing Nigerian-Made Computer Software: A Study on Attitudes and Marketability.","authors":"Muhammad Muntasir Yakubu, Aminu Muazu Aminu","doi":"10.56919/usci.2323.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2323.005","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to investigate the challenges and opportunities associated with marketing Nigerian-made computer software. Specifically, it aims to explore the negative perception of locally produced goods and the consequent advantage enjoyed by foreign products. Through the analysis of people's attitudes towards Nigerian-made software, the study aims to identify strategies that can enhance its marketability. The study involved the participation of fifty computer science students and lecturers, and the results indicate that persuading organizations to adopt locally produced software is a significant challenge. To promote healthy competition against foreign software, it is necessary to create a conducive environment for Nigerian computer scientists. Additionally, the quality of the software should be ensured with a focus on security, graphics, and user-friendliness. This research has significant practical implications for businesses and offers opportunities for researchers and consultants to delve deeper into the field. Furthermore, the findings of this study can potentially inform academic advancements in this area.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135470446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Musa Filibus Gugu, Kaneng Nyam Vomagai, Pwajok Yakubu Mwanja, Akwashiki Ombugadu, Victor Ameh Adejoh, Sylvester Akolo Attah
Water from selected streams in Bokkos local government area of Plateau State Nigeria was obtained and analysed for the presence of antibiotic resistant bacteria and the resistance pattern of the isolates against several antibiotics. A total of 25 stream water samples were collected for testing from five (5) different study sites (Tudu, Mabel, Dairy Farm, Maihakorin Gold and Kuba). Heterotrophic and coliform bacteria were isolated from the samples using 10-fold serial dilution and the pour plate method. The isolated bacteria were Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp., Shigella spp., Bacillus spp., Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotic susceptibility of isolates was determined using the disc diffusion method. Among the eight bacterial isolates, Salmonella spp. was the most frequently occurring bacterium 18(22.8%), followed by E. coli 16(20.3%), while the least occurring bacterium was Staphylococcus aureus 5(6.3%). The highest antibiotic resistance was recorded for Salmonella spp., E. coli, and Pseudomonas spp. against ceftazidime 12(67%), Ampicillin 12 (75%), and ceftazidime 11 (92%), respectively. However, E. coli, Proteus spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Shigella spp. showed high antibiotic susceptibility against cefuroxime 0(0%) and Gentamicin 0(0%). The results suggests that there are antibiotic resistance bacteria in stream water in Bokkos local government area of Plateau State. Educational awareness regarding the proper use of safe drinking water and the treatment of water before use should be encouraged.
{"title":"Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Bacteria Isolated from Stream Water in Bokkos Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria","authors":"Musa Filibus Gugu, Kaneng Nyam Vomagai, Pwajok Yakubu Mwanja, Akwashiki Ombugadu, Victor Ameh Adejoh, Sylvester Akolo Attah","doi":"10.56919/usci.2323.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2323.002","url":null,"abstract":"Water from selected streams in Bokkos local government area of Plateau State Nigeria was obtained and analysed for the presence of antibiotic resistant bacteria and the resistance pattern of the isolates against several antibiotics. A total of 25 stream water samples were collected for testing from five (5) different study sites (Tudu, Mabel, Dairy Farm, Maihakorin Gold and Kuba). Heterotrophic and coliform bacteria were isolated from the samples using 10-fold serial dilution and the pour plate method. The isolated bacteria were Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp., Shigella spp., Bacillus spp., Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotic susceptibility of isolates was determined using the disc diffusion method. Among the eight bacterial isolates, Salmonella spp. was the most frequently occurring bacterium 18(22.8%), followed by E. coli 16(20.3%), while the least occurring bacterium was Staphylococcus aureus 5(6.3%). The highest antibiotic resistance was recorded for Salmonella spp., E. coli, and Pseudomonas spp. against ceftazidime 12(67%), Ampicillin 12 (75%), and ceftazidime 11 (92%), respectively. However, E. coli, Proteus spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Shigella spp. showed high antibiotic susceptibility against cefuroxime 0(0%) and Gentamicin 0(0%). The results suggests that there are antibiotic resistance bacteria in stream water in Bokkos local government area of Plateau State. Educational awareness regarding the proper use of safe drinking water and the treatment of water before use should be encouraged.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136378798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The impact of quiescence or dormancy periods on the dynamics of infectious diseases and their possible involvement in significant pandemic outbreaks are investigated in this study. By using of simulation and mathematical modelling, we show that quiescence greatly raises the likelihood of widespread pandemics. Quiescent people, who are infected but aren’t actively spreading the disease, build up an undiscovered reservoir that can drive virulent epidemics when the conditions are right for them to change from passive to active infectious states. Insights from this study can help public health efforts to lessen the effects of transmissible diseases with quiescent phases on global health. It also advances our understanding of pandemic dynamics.
{"title":"Quiescence Raises the Risk of Major Pandemic Outbreaks: Insights from Mathematical Modelling","authors":"Usman Sanusi, Tasiu A. Abdullahi","doi":"10.56919/usci.2323.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2323.003","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of quiescence or dormancy periods on the dynamics of infectious diseases and their possible involvement in significant pandemic outbreaks are investigated in this study. By using of simulation and mathematical modelling, we show that quiescence greatly raises the likelihood of widespread pandemics. Quiescent people, who are infected but aren’t actively spreading the disease, build up an undiscovered reservoir that can drive virulent epidemics when the conditions are right for them to change from passive to active infectious states. Insights from this study can help public health efforts to lessen the effects of transmissible diseases with quiescent phases on global health. It also advances our understanding of pandemic dynamics.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136378800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of mixed plant communities has been proposed to address phytotoxicity while improving plant stress tolerance and contaminant degradation. However, there has been conflicting findings on the use of mixed plant community. This study assessed the impact of three diesel treatments on plant growth and TPH dissipation in single and mixed plant communities. This involved greenhouse experiment with Medicago sativa, Festuca arundinacea, and Lolium perenne and Medicago sativa + Lolium perenne with the diesel-spiked soils at 102,000, 151,000 and 320,000 µg kg-1 TPH represented as Treatments 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Plant growth was inhibited with root biomass yield was greater compared to plant shoots especially for F. arundinacea and L. perenne. There was a significant decrease in the root biomass yield of M. sativa, L. perenne, F. arundinacea and M. sativa + L. perenne. The highest TPH dissipation of 81, 69 and 72 % was displayed by L. perenne in the Treatments 1, 2 and 3 respectively. However, TPH dissipation was generally comparable for the vegetated and unvegetated soil and were not significantly different (p>0.05) for the different plants and treatments. The impact of plant communities on the rhizoremediation of TPH-contaminated soils may dependent on factors such as plant species, TPH concentration stress tolerance and benefits of individual plant if mixed plants are to be employed.
{"title":"Effect of different diesel treatments on growth of single and mixed plant communities and petroleum hydrocarbon dissipation during rhizoremediation","authors":"Seniyat Afegbua, Lesley Batty, Joanna Renshaw","doi":"10.56919/usci.2323.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2323.001","url":null,"abstract":"The use of mixed plant communities has been proposed to address phytotoxicity while improving plant stress tolerance and contaminant degradation. However, there has been conflicting findings on the use of mixed plant community. This study assessed the impact of three diesel treatments on plant growth and TPH dissipation in single and mixed plant communities. This involved greenhouse experiment with Medicago sativa, Festuca arundinacea, and Lolium perenne and Medicago sativa + Lolium perenne with the diesel-spiked soils at 102,000, 151,000 and 320,000 µg kg-1 TPH represented as Treatments 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Plant growth was inhibited with root biomass yield was greater compared to plant shoots especially for F. arundinacea and L. perenne. There was a significant decrease in the root biomass yield of M. sativa, L. perenne, F. arundinacea and M. sativa + L. perenne. The highest TPH dissipation of 81, 69 and 72 % was displayed by L. perenne in the Treatments 1, 2 and 3 respectively. However, TPH dissipation was generally comparable for the vegetated and unvegetated soil and were not significantly different (p>0.05) for the different plants and treatments. The impact of plant communities on the rhizoremediation of TPH-contaminated soils may dependent on factors such as plant species, TPH concentration stress tolerance and benefits of individual plant if mixed plants are to be employed.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136378787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study has described the approximate solution of Schrodinger equation to diatomic molecule for harmonic oscillator. The solution procedure is developed by the Power series method and Newton’s second law. It consider an approximate solution of harmonic oscillator using Schrödinger equation in one dimension only because other analytical approaches are limited to the widely known method and consider two to five dimensions with various iteration method to obtain their results but here the solutions to be obtained and their efficiency will help other research to comprehend how the solution of this harmonic oscillator has been done over the years and also to use the most efficient approximate solution.
{"title":"Approximate Solution of Schrodinger Equation to Diatomic Molecule for Harmonic Oscillator","authors":"Hassan Bukar, A. Tahir","doi":"10.56919/usci.2223.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2223.005","url":null,"abstract":"This study has described the approximate solution of Schrodinger equation to diatomic molecule for harmonic oscillator. The solution procedure is developed by the Power series method and Newton’s second law. It consider an approximate solution of harmonic oscillator using Schrödinger equation in one dimension only because other analytical approaches are limited to the widely known method and consider two to five dimensions with various iteration method to obtain their results but here the solutions to be obtained and their efficiency will help other research to comprehend how the solution of this harmonic oscillator has been done over the years and also to use the most efficient approximate solution.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129112482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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