Veterinary dermatology最新文献

Background: Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and S. aureus are bacterial species of importance in veterinary medicine. The increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance necessitates the implementation of novel treatment modalities. Fluorescent light energy (FLE) is used as an adjunctive and primary treatment for canine pyoderma. However, no in vitro studies exist investigating its bactericidal effects against S. pseudintermedius or S. aureus.

Objectives: To determine the bactericidal effects of FLE on S. pseudintermedius and S. aureus isolates.

Materials and methods: Two meticillin-susceptible S. pseudintermedius (MSSP) isolates, three meticillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) isolates and one meticillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolate were studied. A commercially available blue light-emitting diode (bLED) lamp and photoconverting hydrogel FLE system was used. All bacteria were exposed to five conditions following inoculation: (i) no treatment (control); (ii) blue light (bLED) once; (iii) bLED twice consecutively; (iv) FLE (bLED and photoconverting hydrogel) once; and (v) FLE (bLED and photoconverting hydrogel) twice consecutively. Each individual exposure was 2 min long.

Results: No statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were found for any treatment group when each bacterial isolate was evaluated individually, MSSP isolates were grouped, MRSP isolates were grouped, when all S. pseudintermedius isolates were combined, or when all isolates of both Staphylococcus species were combined.

Conclusions and clinical relevance: While clinical success is reported when using FLE to treat Staphylococcus infections in animals, no in vitro antibacterial efficacy was identified for S. pseudintermedius or S. aureus under experimental conditions. The clinical success observed with FLE may be the result of a more complex in vivo response.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) has been used successfully in human dermatology. AI utilises convolutional neural networks (CNN) to accomplish tasks such as image classification, object detection and segmentation, facilitating early diagnosis. Computer vision (CV), a field of AI, has shown great results in detecting signs of human skin diseases. Canine paw skin diseases are a common problem in general veterinary practice, and computer vision tools could facilitate the detection and monitoring of disease processes. Currently, no such tool is available in veterinary dermatology.

Animals: Digital images of paws from healthy dogs and paws with pododermatitis or neoplasia were used.

Objectives: We tested the novel object detection model Pawgnosis, a Tiny YOLOv4 image analysis model deployed on a microcomputer with a camera for the rapid detection of canine pododermatitis and neoplasia.

Materials and methods: The prediction performance metrics used to evaluate the models included mean average precision (mAP), precision, recall, average precision (AP) for accuracy and frames per second (FPS) for speed.

Results: A large dataset labelled by a single individual (Dataset A) used to train a Tiny YOLOv4 model provided the best results with a mean mAP of 0.95, precision of 0.86, recall of 0.93 and 20 FPS.

Conclusions and clinical relevance: This novel object detection model has the potential for application in the field of veterinary dermatology.

Background: Topical therapy is essential in assisting with the resolution of pyoderma.

Objectives: (i) Evaluate the in vitro efficacy and residual activity of two different hair segments treated with shampoo and mousse against meticillin-sensitive and meticillin-resistant staphylococci; (ii) compare proximal and distal hair portions treated with the products and (iii) describe a new disc diffusion method for assessing residual efficacy.

Animals: Eleven privately owned, medium-haired dogs.

Materials and methods: In this randomised, blinded and negatively controlled study, dogs were treated once with a 3% chlorhexidine digluconate-0.5% ophytrium shampoo on the lateral thorax, and the corresponding mousse on the opposite side. Hairs were plucked before treatment, two hours post-treatment, and day (D)2, D4, D7, D10 and D14. Hairs were weighed (0.01 g) and cut (1.0 cm) from the proximal portion, moistened with saline and placed on a sterile diffusion disc to absorb the solution. Proximal and distal hair bundles and diffusion discs were placed onto agar inoculated with an isolate of meticillin-sensitive or meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius or Staphylococcus schleiferi. Inhibition zones were measured following incubation.

Results: Distal hairs had larger (p < 0.001) inhibition zones compared to proximal hairs. Mousse had significant differences (p < 0.05) between time points and locations for both the hair bundles and discs, while shampoo only had a significant difference (p < 0.001) between time points for the hairs.

Conclusions and clinical relevance: Mousse was effective, and shampoo was only minimally effective in inhibiting bacterial growth in vitro, with the greatest effect occurring at the two hours time point. The distal hair shafts had greater inhibition.

Background: Nonexcisional tissue biopsies facilitate pre-operative confirmation of equine sarcoid yet fear of lesion deterioration currently limits its use in the diagnostic workup.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of a single punch biopsy on tumour growth dynamics [thickness, area, circumference, viral load (VL) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS)].

Animals: Six client-owned horses with 11 sarcoids of various classification.

Materials and methods: Growth dynamics were recorded on a weekly basis, 12 weeks pre- and 24 weeks post-biopsy. The effect of a single punch biopsy on growth dynamics was estimated by linear mixed-effect models. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (SRCC) was calculated to investigate correlations with the number of weeks before and after the intervention.

Results: While statistically significant post-biopsy changes were recorded for all parameters except VL, no parameter was consistently increased after the biopsy intervention. In two of 11 sarcoids, the VL correlation pattern revealed significant strong correlations: sarcoid 6 (pre: r = -0.66, p < 0.05; post: r = 0.81, p < 0.001), increased VL; and sarcoid 8 (pre: r = 0.85, p < 0.001; post: r = 0.17, p > 0.05), no further increase after biopsy.

Conclusions and clinical importance: Our results indicate that post-biopsy lesion deterioration is not a general concept that applies to all sarcoids, and both deterioration or improvement are possible outcomes over a 24-week period. Further clinical studies with a larger sample size are needed before a definitive conclusion can be made.

Successful treatment of pemphigus foliaceus (PF) often requires a multimodal therapeutic approach. The dog described herein underwent four therapeutic plasma exchange treatments for severe, refractory PF, resulting in a 50% reduction of lesional body surface area. This treatment option should be considered for the management of canine PF.

Finding an effective and well-tolerated treatment for canine idiopathic sebaceous adenitis (ISA) can be challenging. This case report describes an 8-year-old male Rottweiler with ISA successfully treated with a combination of oclacitinib and low doses of prednisolone.

A claw bed inverted squamous papilloma (ISP) presented clinically as a swollen digit in a dog. Canine papillomavirus (CPV) type 2 was amplified by PCR and localised to the papilloma's epidermis using in situ hybridisation. This is the first report demonstrating a claw bed ISP caused by CPV.

A two-year-old Pomeranian dog with Alopecia X was cloned after accidental death. Despite earlier castration, the cloned animal developed the same lesions of Alopecia X at the same age. This observation suggests that the disease is due to genetically programmed hair cycle arrest without strong environmental influences.

Background: Primary cutaneous lymphoma represents 0.2%-3% of all feline lymphomas, with nonepitheliotropic lymphomas being the most common. In humans and dogs, subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTCL) is a primary nonepitheliotropic lymphoma with a T-cell phenotype developing in the subcutis and often mimicking inflammation.

Objective: The aim of this report is to describe pathological, phenotypical and clonal features of SPTCL in cats.

Animals: Six cats with SPTCL were included in this study.

Materials and methods: Skin biopsies were formalin-fixed, routinely processed and stained. Histological and immunohistochemical investigation for anti-CD18, CD204, CD79a, CD20, CD3, FeLVp27and FeLVgp70 and clonality assessment were performed.

Results: Four male and two female domestic shorthair cats, mean age 11.2 years, developed SPTCL in the abdominal (three), inguinal (two) and thoracic (one) regions. Variably pleomorphic neoplastic lymphoid cells were present in the panniculus in percentages, expanding the septa (six of six) and extending into fat lobules in one of six cats. Tumours were associated with elevated numbers of neutrophils (five of six), lesser macrophages (six of six) and variable necrosis (six of six). Neoplastic cells expressed CD3⁺ (six of six), with clonal T-cell receptor rearrangement detected in five of six cats.

Conclusions and clinical relevance: This is the first description of SPTCL in cats. Lesions can be confused with panniculitis, leading to delay in diagnosis and therapy. Awareness of this neoplastic disease is relevant to avoid misdiagnoses and to gain greater knowledge about the disease in cats.