While modern veterinary medicine offers effective treatments, traditional ethnoveterinary practices persist among many farming communities, reflecting centuries-old knowledge and cultural beliefs. This study aimed to document ethnoveterinary remedies and their methods of preparation and application, for treating various parasitic diseases in domestic animals used by Kyrgyz farmers. Data on plant, animal and mineral-based remedies, as well as chemicals used for these purposes, were collected through interviews with 173 dialogue partners (DPs). A total of 3403 use reports (URs) were recorded, indicating 1866 plant-based remedies (2114 URs; 62.1 %), 11 animal-based remedies (693 URs; 20.4 %), 4 mineral-based remedies (236 URs; 6.9 %) and 6 chemicals (360 URs; 10.6 %) used as antiparasitic agents by Kyrgyz farmers. The preparation of 991 homemade single species herbal remedy reports (HSHRs) and 875 homemade mixed species herbal remedy reports (HMHRs) involves the utilisation of 56 plant species belonging to 20 families. Helminthiasis was the most frequently mentioned by DPs (1697 URs; 49.9 %), followed by mange (965 URs; 28.6 %), external parasites (594 URs; 17.4 %) and myiasis (maggots in wounds) (89 URs; 2.6 %), other myiasis (58 URs; 1.7 %). The highest number of URs was observed for cattle (1221 URs; 35.9 %), sheep (733 URs; 21.5 %) and horses (696 URs; 20.4 %), followed by goats (299 URs; 8.8 %), dogs (201 URs; 5.9 %), donkeys (170 URs; 5 %), chickens (59 URs; 1.7 %) and turkeys (24 URs; 0.7 %). All the remedies presented have significance for local residents, who previously had exclusive access to these skills. However, many of the documented remedies require confirmation using modern technologies.
{"title":"Ethnoveterinary practices for treating parasitic diseases in domestic animals among Kyrgyz farmers","authors":"Nurbek Aldayarov , Askarbek Tulobaev , Akram Madumarov , Ali Risvanli","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While modern veterinary medicine offers effective treatments, traditional ethnoveterinary practices persist among many farming communities, reflecting centuries-old knowledge and cultural beliefs. This study aimed to document ethnoveterinary remedies and their methods of preparation and application, for treating various parasitic diseases in domestic animals used by Kyrgyz farmers. Data on plant, animal and mineral-based remedies, as well as chemicals used for these purposes, were collected through interviews with 173 dialogue partners (DPs). A total of 3403 use reports (URs) were recorded, indicating 1866 plant-based remedies (2114 URs; 62.1 %), 11 animal-based remedies (693 URs; 20.4 %), 4 mineral-based remedies (236 URs; 6.9 %) and 6 chemicals (360 URs; 10.6 %) used as antiparasitic agents by Kyrgyz farmers. The preparation of 991 homemade single species herbal remedy reports (HSHRs) and 875 homemade mixed species herbal remedy reports (HMHRs) involves the utilisation of 56 plant species belonging to 20 families. Helminthiasis was the most frequently mentioned by DPs (1697 URs; 49.9 %), followed by mange (965 URs; 28.6 %), external parasites (594 URs; 17.4 %) and myiasis (maggots in wounds) (89 URs; 2.6 %), other myiasis (58 URs; 1.7 %). The highest number of URs was observed for cattle (1221 URs; 35.9 %), sheep (733 URs; 21.5 %) and horses (696 URs; 20.4 %), followed by goats (299 URs; 8.8 %), dogs (201 URs; 5.9 %), donkeys (170 URs; 5 %), chickens (59 URs; 1.7 %) and turkeys (24 URs; 0.7 %). All the remedies presented have significance for local residents, who previously had exclusive access to these skills. However, many of the documented remedies require confirmation using modern technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 101226"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143478598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-20DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101227
R.F. Kelly , E. Galbraith , O. Zahid , U Chaundhry , N. Sargison
Background
Grazing animal species kept in zoological collections can be at risk of significant gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections. Little work has been undertaken to understand GIN species dynamics within co-grazed hosts. This study aimed to describe the species diversity of GINs found in faeces of grazing animals in a Scottish zoological collection.
Methods
At a single time-point, freshly voided faecal samples were collected randomly from horses, sheep, goats, alpacas and deer. Faecal worm egg counts (FWECs) were conducted using a saturated saline centrifugal flotation cuvette technique. The nematode species profile was estimated through deep-amplicon sequencing of ITS-2 and mitochondrial ND-4 markers to understand infection dynamics between host-species.
Results
Variations were observed in FWECs across species, ranging from as low as 7epg in alpacas to 461epg in goats. Deep amplicon sequencing identified nine GIN species and some unclassified groups, with notable diversity shown among the hosts. Haemonchus contortus was predominantly found in alpacas and sheep, while Cylicocyclus longibursatus was common in horses. The analysis unveiled substantial genetic diversity in H. contortus across different hosts, with alpacas and sheep showing the highest number of amplicon sequence variants. The mitochondrial ND-4 gene analysis also indicated possible evolutionary pressures with balancing selection evident in alpacas and sheep. A number of unclassified GIN sequences were also identified, particularly in deer.
Conclusions
This study highlights the complexity of GIN dynamics within mixed-species grazing systems and the potential to integrate genomic technologies with faecal parasitology to understand these relationships to develop comprehensive GIN management strategies.
{"title":"The dynamics of gastrointestinal nematodes present in co-grazed host species kept in a Scottish zoological collection","authors":"R.F. Kelly , E. Galbraith , O. Zahid , U Chaundhry , N. Sargison","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101227","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101227","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Grazing animal species kept in zoological collections can be at risk of significant gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections. Little work has been undertaken to understand GIN species dynamics within co-grazed hosts. This study aimed to describe the species diversity of GINs found in faeces of grazing animals in a Scottish zoological collection.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>At a single time-point, freshly voided faecal samples were collected randomly from horses, sheep, goats, alpacas and deer. Faecal worm egg counts (FWECs) were conducted using a saturated saline centrifugal flotation cuvette technique. The nematode species profile was estimated through deep-amplicon sequencing of ITS-2 and mitochondrial ND-4 markers to understand infection dynamics between host-species.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Variations were observed in FWECs across species, ranging from as low as 7epg in alpacas to 461epg in goats. Deep amplicon sequencing identified nine GIN species and some unclassified groups, with notable diversity shown among the hosts. <em>Haemonchus contortus</em> was predominantly found in alpacas and sheep, while <em>Cylicocyclus longibursatus</em> was common in horses. The analysis unveiled substantial genetic diversity in <em>H. contortus</em> across different hosts, with alpacas and sheep showing the highest number of amplicon sequence variants. The mitochondrial ND-4 gene analysis also indicated possible evolutionary pressures with balancing selection evident in alpacas and sheep. A number of unclassified GIN sequences were also identified, particularly in deer.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study highlights the complexity of GIN dynamics within mixed-species grazing systems and the potential to integrate genomic technologies with faecal parasitology to understand these relationships to develop comprehensive GIN management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 101227"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143465399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-18DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101228
Georgios Sioutas , Athanasios I. Gelasakis , Frederic Beugnet , Elias Papadopoulos
Notoedres cati is a contagious, burrowing mite infesting cats that causes mange with intense pruritus and dermatological clinical signs. The aim of the current study was to assess the efficacy of a single administration of NexGard® Combo (esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel) against N. cati in naturally infested cats under home conditions. A total of 17 domestic shorthair cats naturally infested with N. cati that were living in the same house were randomly assigned to either the treatment group (n = 9) receiving NexGard® Combo at a dosage of 0.12 mL/kg of their body weight according to label instructions or a negative control group (n = 8) receiving mineral oil at 0.12 mL/kg (Day 0). The cats were separated into different rooms with no contact between the two groups in the same household. Clinical scores, mite counts from skin scrapings and body weights were evaluated on Days −3, 0, 14, 28, 42, and 56. Descriptive statistics (means ± standard deviations) were calculated, and a mixed general linear model was used for statistical analysis. NexGard® Combo showed 100 % efficacy against N. cati, and no live mites were found from Day 14 until the end of the study. Treated cats also exhibited lower clinical scores and higher body weights than the control group by Day 56 (p < 0.05), while placebo-treated cats displayed high mite counts and clinical scores throughout the study. None of the cats displayed any adverse events related to treatment. These findings highlight the efficacy of the combination of esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel in treating notoedric mange in cats under in-home conditions.
{"title":"Treatment of notoedric mange with esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel in naturally infested cats under in-home conditions","authors":"Georgios Sioutas , Athanasios I. Gelasakis , Frederic Beugnet , Elias Papadopoulos","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101228","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Notoedres cati</em> is a contagious, burrowing mite infesting cats that causes mange with intense pruritus and dermatological clinical signs. The aim of the current study was to assess the efficacy of a single administration of NexGard® Combo (esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel) against <em>N. cati</em> in naturally infested cats under home conditions. A total of 17 domestic shorthair cats naturally infested with <em>N. cati</em> that were living in the same house were randomly assigned to either the treatment group (<em>n</em> = 9) receiving NexGard® Combo at a dosage of 0.12 mL/kg of their body weight according to label instructions or a negative control group (<em>n</em> = 8) receiving mineral oil at 0.12 mL/kg (Day 0). The cats were separated into different rooms with no contact between the two groups in the same household. Clinical scores, mite counts from skin scrapings and body weights were evaluated on Days −3, 0, 14, 28, 42, and 56. Descriptive statistics (means ± standard deviations) were calculated, and a mixed general linear model was used for statistical analysis. NexGard® Combo showed 100 % efficacy against <em>N. cati,</em> and no live mites were found from Day 14 until the end of the study. Treated cats also exhibited lower clinical scores and higher body weights than the control group by Day 56 (<em>p</em> < 0.05), while placebo-treated cats displayed high mite counts and clinical scores throughout the study. None of the cats displayed any adverse events related to treatment. These findings highlight the efficacy of the combination of esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel in treating notoedric mange in cats under in-home conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 101228"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143474880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-17DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101221
Camilo H. Salazar-Silva , Lucas Aravena , Martín Zamorano-Uribe , Javier Andrade-Hernández , María Carolina Silva-de la Fuente , Armando Cicchino , Sergey Mironov , Lucila Moreno , Pablo Oyarzún-Ruiz
{"title":"Corrigendum to “The parasitic fauna of the Chiloe wigeon Mareca sibilatrix (Anseriformes: Anatidae) from Ñuble region, Chile” [Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports 57 (2025) 1–10/101197].","authors":"Camilo H. Salazar-Silva , Lucas Aravena , Martín Zamorano-Uribe , Javier Andrade-Hernández , María Carolina Silva-de la Fuente , Armando Cicchino , Sergey Mironov , Lucila Moreno , Pablo Oyarzún-Ruiz","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101221","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 101221"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-16DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101223
Jesús Daniel Solis-Carrasco , Nohemí Castro-del-Campo , Idalia Enríquez-Verdugo , Miguel Ángel Rodríguez-Gaxiola , David E. Reyes-Guerrero , Gustavo Pérez-Anzures , Claudia Leonor Barraza-Tizoc , Soila Maribel Gaxiola-Camacho , Ma. Eugenia López-Arellano
The main aim of this study was to evaluate the anthelmintic resistance to albendazole (ABZ) (from the benzimidazole [BZ] family) in sheep farms located in the northeast of Sinaloa, Mexico. The study was conducted on four sheep farms in the northwest of Sinaloa, Mexico. The faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT), along with endpoint and allele-specific polymerase chain reaction techniques, were used to determine the percentage and proportion of BZ resistance in gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) species before and after ABZ treatment. Genomic DNA (gDNA) from infective larvae (L3) was processed to identify GIN species and detect nucleotide changes at codons 167 and 200 of the β-tubulin gene. Results from the FECRT showed low ABZ efficacy, ranging from 0 % to 83 % across the four sheep farms. Haemonchus was the most prevalent nematode identified, with a high number of gDNA copies detected both before and after ABZ treatment, followed by Cooperia, Trichostrongylus, and Oesophagostomum, but only before ABZ treatment. Additionally, ABZ BZ] polymorphisms were confirmed at codon 200 (TTC/TAC) in Haemonchus contortus (H. contortus) across all four farms, with both gDNA fragments detected: a 550-bp fragment indicating susceptibility and a 250-bp fragment indicating a heterozygous population for BZ resistance. No BZ polymorphism was observed at codon 167 (TTC/TAC) in any population. In conclusion, sheep farms in the northwest of Sinaloa demonstrated resistance to BZ, with H. contortus being the main GIN species involved. These findings highlight the importance of conducting parasitological and molecular diagnostics for anthelmintic resistance, as detecting heterozygous populations may help improve control methods and preserve ABZ efficacy.
{"title":"Albendazole resistance in naturally infected sheep with gastrointestinal nematodes in two northwest municipalities of Sinaloa, Mexico","authors":"Jesús Daniel Solis-Carrasco , Nohemí Castro-del-Campo , Idalia Enríquez-Verdugo , Miguel Ángel Rodríguez-Gaxiola , David E. Reyes-Guerrero , Gustavo Pérez-Anzures , Claudia Leonor Barraza-Tizoc , Soila Maribel Gaxiola-Camacho , Ma. Eugenia López-Arellano","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The main aim of this study was to evaluate the anthelmintic resistance to albendazole (ABZ) (from the benzimidazole [BZ] family) in sheep farms located in the northeast of Sinaloa, Mexico. The study was conducted on four sheep farms in the northwest of Sinaloa, Mexico. The faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT), along with endpoint and allele-specific polymerase chain reaction techniques, were used to determine the percentage and proportion of BZ resistance in gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) species before and after ABZ treatment. Genomic DNA (gDNA) from infective larvae (L<sub>3</sub>) was processed to identify GIN species and detect nucleotide changes at codons 167 and 200 of the β-tubulin gene. Results from the FECRT showed low ABZ efficacy, ranging from 0 % to 83 % across the four sheep farms. <em>Haemonchus</em> was the most prevalent nematode identified, with a high number of gDNA copies detected both before and after ABZ treatment, followed by <em>Cooperia</em>, <em>Trichostrongylus</em>, and <em>Oesophagostomum</em>, but only before ABZ treatment. Additionally, ABZ BZ] polymorphisms were confirmed at codon 200 (T<u><em>T</em></u>C/T<u><em>A</em></u>C) in <em>Haemonchus contortus</em> (<em>H. contortus</em>) across all four farms, with both gDNA fragments detected: a 550-bp fragment indicating susceptibility and a 250-bp fragment indicating a heterozygous population for BZ resistance. No <u>BZ</u> polymorphism was observed at codon 167 (T<u><em>T</em></u>C/T<u><em>A</em></u>C) in any population. In conclusion, sheep farms in the northwest of Sinaloa demonstrated resistance to BZ, with <em>H. contortus</em> being the main GIN species involved. These findings highlight the importance of conducting parasitological and molecular diagnostics for anthelmintic resistance, as detecting heterozygous populations may help improve control methods and preserve ABZ efficacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 101223"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-14DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101222
Alyssa LeComte , Kiera Pope , Mindy M. Borst , Sarai M. Milliron , Guilherme G. Verocai , Amanda C. Trimble , Raquel R. Rech , Andres de la Concha-Bermejillo
Fasciola hepatica is a trematode parasite with a global distribution found in various mammalian hosts, most notably ruminants. It is associated with hepatic lesions including necrosis and inflammation, as well as can increase the risk of secondary bacterial infections. There is a lack of reports of fasciolosis in equids in North America. This report documents the pre- and postmortem findings of two cases of chronic fasciolosis in donkeys from southern Texas, United States. Grossly, left hepatic lobe atrophy and concurrent right lobe hypertrophy was observed. Histologic examination of the liver showed classic findings of intra-ductular trematode adults and eggs with biliary hyperplasia and fibrosis.
{"title":"Fasciola hepatica in donkeys from southern Texas, USA","authors":"Alyssa LeComte , Kiera Pope , Mindy M. Borst , Sarai M. Milliron , Guilherme G. Verocai , Amanda C. Trimble , Raquel R. Rech , Andres de la Concha-Bermejillo","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Fasciola hepatica</em> is a trematode parasite with a global distribution found in various mammalian hosts, most notably ruminants. It is associated with hepatic lesions including necrosis and inflammation, as well as can increase the risk of secondary bacterial infections. There is a lack of reports of fasciolosis in equids in North America. This report documents the pre- and postmortem findings of two cases of chronic fasciolosis in donkeys from southern Texas, United States. Grossly, left hepatic lobe atrophy and concurrent right lobe hypertrophy was observed. Histologic examination of the liver showed classic findings of intra-ductular trematode adults and eggs with biliary hyperplasia and fibrosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 101222"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143452928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-12DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101220
A. Zaldivar-Gomez , J.P. Gomez-Vazquez , A.J. Iniesta-Valencia , L.G. Figueroa-Martínez , O. Rico-Chávez
The New World Screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) has reemerged in Central America, posing risks to livestock and public health. Recent outbreaks highlight its northward spread, raising concerns about its potential reintroduction into Mexico. This study uses linear regression models to examine the role of animal movement in the parasite's spread, with a particular focus on human-mediated factors. Our analysis determined a spread rate of 1.2–1.9 km/day for screwworm outbreaks. Furthermore, consecutive outbreak events occurring more than 50 km apart suggest a strong association with animal movements rather than natural dispersal mechanisms. Based on these findings, we identified potential routes for its reintroduction into Mexico. To mitigate further outbreaks, enhanced control measures, active surveillance, and regional cooperation are urgently required.
{"title":"Estimation the reinvasion of New World Screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) in Central America: The role of animal movement in disease dispersal and control measures","authors":"A. Zaldivar-Gomez , J.P. Gomez-Vazquez , A.J. Iniesta-Valencia , L.G. Figueroa-Martínez , O. Rico-Chávez","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The New World Screwworm (<em>Cochliomyia hominivorax</em>) has reemerged in Central America, posing risks to livestock and public health. Recent outbreaks highlight its northward spread, raising concerns about its potential reintroduction into Mexico. This study uses linear regression models to examine the role of animal movement in the parasite's spread, with a particular focus on human-mediated factors. Our analysis determined a spread rate of 1.2–1.9 km/day for screwworm outbreaks. Furthermore, consecutive outbreak events occurring more than 50 km apart suggest a strong association with animal movements rather than natural dispersal mechanisms. Based on these findings, we identified potential routes for its reintroduction into Mexico. To mitigate further outbreaks, enhanced control measures, active surveillance, and regional cooperation are urgently required.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 101220"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-12DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101218
Camille-Marie Coomansingh-Springer , Camila de Queiroz , Ray Kaplan , Calum N.L. Macpherson , Kenrith Carter , Paul Fields , John S. Gilleard , Rhonda Pinckney
Economic losses and adverse effects on animals' health and productivity due to gastrointestinal parasites constitute a significant challenge for expanding and improving the small ruminant industry in developing countries. This study aimed to determine the diversity and geographic distribution of gastrointestinal parasites infecting small ruminants in Grenada. Seven hundred and thirteen fecal samples from 159 sheep and 554 goats from 64 farms in Grenada, Carriacou, and Petite Martinique were collected for coprological examination. Of 713 sheep and goat samples, 640 were positive for gastrointestinal parasites, yielding an overall prevalence of 90 % (CI 95%, 88 to 92 %). Of the 554 goat samples, 95 % were positive for parasites (525/554; CI 95%, 93 to 97 %), and for the 159 sheep, 72 % were positive (115/159; CI 95%, 65 to 79 %). In goats, the most common parasites observed were Strongyles, 90 % (CI95%, 87 to 92 %); Eimeria spp., 50 % (CI95%, 46 to 54 %); Strongyloides, 7 % (CI95%, 5 to 9 %); Moniezia, 6 % (CI95%, 5 to 9 %); and Trichuris, 5% (CI95%, 4 to 7 %). Sheep showed a similar pattern with the most common parasites identified being Strongyles, 52 % (CI95%, 44 to 59 %); Eimeria spp., 50 % (CI95%, 42 to 57 %); Strongyloides, 6 % (CI95%, 3 to 11 %); Moniezia, 6 % (CI95%, 3 to 10 %); and Trichuris, 3 % (CI95%, 1 to 7 %). The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections was higher in goats (p < 0.0001), due to the higher prevalence of Strongyles. The proportion of goats with zero parasites was significantly less than the proportion of sheep (p < 0.0001). Larval identification using coproculture analysis performed on pooled fecal samples from each farm to determine the GIN percentages and the overall mean indicated that Haemonchus was the most common genus identified, with an overall mean of 56 %, followed by Trichostrongylus (31 %), Oesophagostomum (13 %) and Cooperia (0.1 %). Nemabiome analysis based on deep amplicon sequencing demonstrated the presence of six nematode species: Haemonchus contortus (42 %), Trichostrongylus colubriformis (38 %), Oesophagostomum columbianum (12 %), Oesophagostomum asperum (7 %), Cooperia punctata (0.4 %) and Cooperia spatulata (0.1 %).
{"title":"Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in small ruminants in Grenada, West Indies","authors":"Camille-Marie Coomansingh-Springer , Camila de Queiroz , Ray Kaplan , Calum N.L. Macpherson , Kenrith Carter , Paul Fields , John S. Gilleard , Rhonda Pinckney","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101218","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Economic losses and adverse effects on animals' health and productivity due to gastrointestinal parasites constitute a significant challenge for expanding and improving the small ruminant industry in developing countries. This study aimed to determine the diversity and geographic distribution of gastrointestinal parasites infecting small ruminants in Grenada. Seven hundred and thirteen fecal samples from 159 sheep and 554 goats from 64 farms in Grenada, Carriacou, and Petite Martinique were collected for coprological examination. Of 713 sheep and goat samples, 640 were positive for gastrointestinal parasites, yielding an overall prevalence of 90 % (CI <sub>95%</sub>, 88 to 92 %). Of the 554 goat samples, 95 % were positive for parasites (525/554; CI <sub>95%</sub>, 93 to 97 %), and for the 159 sheep, 72 % were positive (115/159; CI <sub>95%</sub><sub>,</sub> 65 to 79 %). In goats, the most common parasites observed were Strongyles, 90 % (CI<sub>9</sub><sub>5%</sub><sub>,</sub> 87 to 92 %); <em>Eimeria</em> spp., 50 % (CI<sub>95%</sub><sub>,</sub> 46 to 54 %); <em>Strongyloides,</em> 7 % (CI<sub>95%</sub><sub>,</sub> 5 to 9 %); <em>Moniezia</em>, 6 % (CI<sub>9</sub><sub>5%</sub><sub>,</sub> 5 to 9 %); and <em>Trichuris</em>, 5% (CI<sub>95%</sub><sub>,</sub> 4 to 7 %). Sheep showed a similar pattern with the most common parasites identified being Strongyles, 52 % (CI<sub>95%</sub>, 44 to 59 %); <em>Eimeria</em> spp., 50 % (CI<sub>95%,</sub> 42 to 57 %); <em>Strongyloides</em>, 6 % (CI<sub>95%</sub>, 3 to 11 %); <em>Moniezia</em>, 6 % (CI<sub>95%</sub>, 3 to 10 %); and <em>Trichuris</em>, 3 % (CI<sub>95%</sub>, 1 to 7 %). The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections was higher in goats (<em>p</em> < 0.0001), due to the higher prevalence of Strongyles. The proportion of goats with zero parasites was significantly less than the proportion of sheep (p < 0.0001). Larval identification using coproculture analysis performed on pooled fecal samples from each farm to determine the GIN percentages and the overall mean indicated that <em>Haemonchus</em> was the most common genus identified, with an overall mean of 56 %, followed by <em>Trichostrongylus</em> (31 %), <em>Oesophagostomum</em> (13 %) and <em>Cooperia</em> (0.1 %). Nemabiome analysis based on deep amplicon sequencing demonstrated the presence of six nematode species: <em>Haemonchus contortus (</em>42 %)<em>, Trichostrongylus colubriformis</em> (38 %)<em>, Oesophagostomum columbianum</em> (12 %), <em>Oesophagostomum asperum</em> (7 %)<em>, Cooperia punctata</em> (0.4 %) <em>and Cooperia spatulata</em> (0.1 %)<em>.</em></div></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 101218"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-12DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101219
Greta Martinavičienė , Laimutis Paulauskas , Manuela Schnyder , Mindaugas Šarkūnas
Aelurostrongylus abstrusus is the most common feline lungworm worldwide. A 4 months old male cat with a history of coughing and dyspnoea was presented to a small animal clinic in Lithuania. Upon clinical examination tachypnoea (64 bpm), cough, stridor, wheezing sound, end-inspiratory crackles, dyspnoea and pulmonary oedema were recorded. Due to suspected bacterial infection and pulmonary oedema, the cat was treated with antibiotics and diuretics for 40 days, without improvement. On week 7 following the first visit, haematology revealed leucocytosis, lymphocytosis, monocytosis and eosinophilia. Thoracic radiographs showed multiple pulmonary alternations. Microscopic examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and faeces (Baermann migration test) confirmed an infection with A. abstrusus by detection of first stage larvae. The cat was treated with spot-on moxidectin/imidacloprid (Advocate® for cats, Elanco Animal Health GmbH) according to manufacturer's instructions. The L1 of A. abstrusus were still present in the faeces 3 weeks, and cough persisted 4 weeks following the first treatment with moxidectin; anthelmintic treatment was therefore continued with a fipronil/praziquantel/eprinomectin spot-on solution (Broadline®; Boehringer Ingelheim/Merial) according to manufacturer's instructions. No L1 of A. abstrusus were present in the faeces 7 weeks and cough disappeared 11 weeks following the first treatment with moxidectin.
{"title":"Severe respiratory distress in a stray cat caused by the lungworm Aelurostrongylus abstrusus: A first case report in Lithuania","authors":"Greta Martinavičienė , Laimutis Paulauskas , Manuela Schnyder , Mindaugas Šarkūnas","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Aelurostrongylus abstrusus</em> is the most common feline lungworm worldwide. A 4 months old male cat with a history of coughing and dyspnoea was presented to a small animal clinic in Lithuania. Upon clinical examination tachypnoea (64 bpm), cough, stridor, wheezing sound, end-inspiratory crackles, dyspnoea and pulmonary oedema were recorded. Due to suspected bacterial infection and pulmonary oedema, the cat was treated with antibiotics and diuretics for 40 days, without improvement. On week 7 following the first visit, haematology revealed leucocytosis, lymphocytosis, monocytosis and eosinophilia. Thoracic radiographs showed multiple pulmonary alternations. Microscopic examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and faeces (Baermann migration test) confirmed an infection with <em>A. abstrusus</em> by detection of first stage larvae. The cat was treated with spot-on moxidectin/imidacloprid (Advocate® for cats, Elanco Animal Health GmbH) according to manufacturer's instructions. The L1 of <em>A. abstrusus</em> were still present in the faeces 3 weeks, and cough persisted 4 weeks following the first treatment with moxidectin; anthelmintic treatment was therefore continued with a fipronil/praziquantel/eprinomectin spot-on solution (Broadline®; Boehringer Ingelheim/Merial) according to manufacturer's instructions. No L1 of <em>A. abstrusus</em> were present in the faeces 7 weeks and cough disappeared 11 weeks following the first treatment with moxidectin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 101219"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143437995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101215
Alfredo Rodríguez-Cobos , Sabela Atencia , Marta Parreño , Elisa-Margarita González-Alonso-Alegre , Alfonso Rodríguez Álvaro , Alicia Caro-Vadillo
Aelurostrongylus abstrusus, a respiratory nematode affecting worldwide cats, has different prevalence across Europe. This study aims to evaluate the rates of positivity of this parasite in the different regions of Spain, analyzing fecal samples sent to a reference laboratory for the Baermann-Wetzel technique, between 2017 and 2023. The estimated overall infection rate in Spain was 9.4 %, being the positive cases distributed throughout all climatic regions of the country, highlighting the wide distribution of this parasite. The northwestern region had the highest infection rate (19.5 %) and the central region the lowest (5 %). Winter was the season with the highest detection rate (11.6 %) and young cats (<1 year old) were 5.29 times more likely to be positive than older cats (p < 0.05). These findings highlight the wide distribution of A. abstrusus throughout the different climatic regions of Spain, being important to include it as a differential diagnosis in the investigation of respiratory processes in cats.
{"title":"Regional distribution of feline lungworm Aelurostrongylus abstrusus in cats from Spain","authors":"Alfredo Rodríguez-Cobos , Sabela Atencia , Marta Parreño , Elisa-Margarita González-Alonso-Alegre , Alfonso Rodríguez Álvaro , Alicia Caro-Vadillo","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101215","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101215","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Aelurostrongylus abstrusus</em>, a respiratory nematode affecting worldwide cats, has different prevalence across Europe. This study aims to evaluate the rates of positivity of this parasite in the different regions of Spain, analyzing fecal samples sent to a reference laboratory for the Baermann-Wetzel technique, between 2017 and 2023. The estimated overall infection rate in Spain was 9.4 %, being the positive cases distributed throughout all climatic regions of the country, highlighting the wide distribution of this parasite. The northwestern region had the highest infection rate (19.5 %) and the central region the lowest (5 %). Winter was the season with the highest detection rate (11.6 %) and young cats (<1 year old) were 5.29 times more likely to be positive than older cats (<em>p</em> < 0.05). These findings highlight the wide distribution of <em>A. abstrusus</em> throughout the different climatic regions of Spain, being important to include it as a differential diagnosis in the investigation of respiratory processes in cats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 101215"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143478597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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