Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports最新文献_第7页

Investigation of the Canine Leishmaniasis in Hatay/Turkey 土耳其哈塔伊地区犬利什曼病调查

IF 1.4 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101362

Tuğba Kaya , Ahmet Özbilgin , Gülnaz Çulha , İbrahim Çavuş , Emre Dirican

Canine Leishmaniasis (CanL) is a zoonotic vector-borne disease caused by Leishmania parasite in dogs. It represents a significant public health concern due to its potential for transmission to humans. In our study, we aimed to investigate CanL in Hatay using different diagnostic methods.

Blood (plain and citrated) samples, lymph node aspiration, and conjunctival swabs were collected from 100 dogs. Smear preparations were prepared from blood and lymph aspiration. NNN medium was cultured from blood pellet sections and lymph aspiration. The rK39 dipstick test and ELISA were used to investigate the sera samples. Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) was applied by performing DNA extraction from blood pellet sections, citrated blood, lymph node aspiration, conjunctival swabs, and reproductive medium.

Leishmania amastigotes were not detected in examined blood smears, while amastigotes were detected in 18.60 % (8/43) of lymph aspiration smears. Growth of promastigotes was observed in 4 % (4/100) of blood pellet sections and 11.63 % (5/43) of lymph node aspirations in NNN. The percent of seropositive animals according to ELISA and rK39 dipstick test were 60 % (60/100) and 22 % (22/100), respectively. As a result of ITS-1 RT-PCR 12 % (12/100) with blood pellet sections, 11 %(11/100) with citrated blood, 46.51 %(20/43) with lymph aspiration, and 23 % (23/100) with conjunctival swab showed positivity. One dog that was confirmed positive via molecular analysis was identified as L. tropica, while the rest were classified as L. infantum/donovani in all samples. The L. infantum/donovani samples were determined to be L. infantum via Hsp70 RT-PCR.

In conclusion, ELISA yielded the highest positivity rate among the used methods. L. infantum was detected in dogs in Hatay, and L. tropica was identified as the causative agent in dogs for the first time. This data suggests that CanL is a public health concern in Hatay and that integrated control strategies should be developed to combat the disease.

犬利什曼病（CanL）是由利什曼原虫在犬中引起的一种人畜共患病媒传播疾病。由于有可能传播给人类，它是一个重大的公共卫生问题。在我们的研究中，我们旨在通过不同的诊断方法来研究Hatay中的CanL。收集100只狗的血液（普通和柠檬酸）样本、淋巴结抽吸和结膜拭子。从血液和淋巴中抽取涂片制备。从血球切片和淋巴抽吸中培养NNN培养基。采用rK39试纸试验和酶联免疫吸附试验对血清样本进行检测。采用实时聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR），从血颗粒切片、柠檬酸血、淋巴结抽吸、结膜拭子和生殖培养基中提取DNA。血涂片未检出利什曼原虫，而淋巴抽吸涂片检出18.60%（8/43）的利什曼原虫。在NNN中，4%（4/100）的血球切片和11.63%（5/43）的淋巴结肿大切片中可见promastigotes生长。ELISA和rK39试纸试验血清阳性率分别为60%（60/100）和22%（22/100）。ITS-1 RT-PCR结果显示，12%（12/100）血颗粒切片阳性，11%（11/100）柠檬酸血切片阳性，46.51%（20/43）淋巴穿刺阳性，23%（23/100）结膜拭子切片阳性。经分子分析证实阳性的1只犬为热带乳杆菌，其余犬均为婴儿乳杆菌/多诺瓦氏杆菌。采用Hsp70 RT-PCR方法鉴定乳酸菌为乳酸菌。结果表明，ELISA法的阳性率最高。在哈塔伊县犬中检出婴儿乳杆菌，首次将热带乳杆菌确定为犬感染的病原体。这一数据表明，CanL是泰国的一个公共卫生问题，应该制定综合控制战略来防治该疾病。

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引用次数: 0

Pharmacokinetics and regional skin distribution of topically administered chlorpyrifos in cattle 局部施用毒死蜱在牛体内的药代动力学和皮肤区域分布

IF 1.4 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101363

Karen Larsen , Paula Ichinose , Victoria Miró , Hernán Moscuzza , Lucila Moriones , Adrián Lifschitz , Guillermo Virkel

Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is currently being repurposed for the control of cattle mange and ticks in South American countries, particularly Argentina. This study aimed to characterize the plasma availability and regional skin distribution of CPF following topical administration in healthy, non-parasitized cattle. Additionally, the effects of CPF (in vitro and in vivo) and CPF-oxon (in vitro) on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activities were evaluated using blood collected from untreated and treated cattle. CPF was administered (7.5 mg/kg) along the backline of 6 heifers (days 0 and 11 post-first dose). Plasma and skin samples were collected up to 21 days post-administration. Drug concentrations in plasma and skin (retro-auricular, backline, and croup regions) were measured by HPLC. In vitro, blood AChE and BChE activities were less susceptible to CPF, with IC50 values exceeding 1000 μM. Conversely, CPF-ox showed significantly greater inhibitory potency, particularly toward erythrocyte AChE, where its IC50 was 76 % lower (p < 0.05) than for plasma AChE and 93 % lower than for BChE. No significant changes in cholinesterase activities were observed in vivo after CPF topical treatment. CPF plasma concentrations ranged from 0.06 ± 0.03 μg/mL at 6 h post-treatment (day 0.25) to 0.15 ± 0.12 μg/mL on day 21, with an AUC of 1.92 ± 0.34 μg.d/mL and a Cmax of 0.18 ± 0.11 μg/mL. The mean skin-to-plasma AUC ratios were 285, 675, and 2054 for the retro-auricular, croup, and backline regions, respectively. The acaricide's AUC was significantly higher in the backline (6.5-fold, p < 0.05) and croup (2.2-fold, p < 0.05) compared to the retro-auricular zone. The oxon metabolite was not detected in plasma or in skin. CPF pour-on demonstrated low systemic exposure, no significant cholinesterase inhibition in vivo, and uneven skin distribution in non-parasitized cattle. Given that this study was conducted in healthy cattle, a primary limitation is the lack of data on ectoparasite-induced lesion effects. Furthermore, future research must utilize more sensitive analytical techniques and extended sampling to fully characterize the systemic and skin disposition of CPF and its related metabolites.

毒死蜱（CPF）目前正被重新用于控制南美国家，特别是阿根廷的牛病和蜱虫。本研究旨在描述CPF在健康、未被寄生虫感染的牛体内局部给药后的血浆利用率和皮肤区域分布。此外，采用未处理和处理牛的血液，评价CPF（体外和体内）和CPF-oxon（体外）对乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）和丁基胆碱酯酶（BChE）活性的影响。在第一次给药后第0天和第11天，沿着6头母牛的背部给药（7.5 mg/kg） CPF。给药后21天采集血浆和皮肤样本。用高效液相色谱法测定血浆和皮肤（耳后、耳背和组区）的药物浓度。体外，CPF对血AChE和BChE活性的影响较小，IC50值均超过1000 μM。相反，CPF-ox表现出明显更强的抑制效力，特别是对红细胞AChE，其IC50比血浆AChE低76% (p < 0.05)，比BChE低93%。CPF局部处理后，体内胆碱酯酶活性无明显变化。CPF血药浓度变化范围为0.06±0.03 μg/mL （0.25 d）至0.15±0.12 μg/mL (21 d)， AUC为1.92±0.34 μg.d/mL， Cmax为0.18±0.11 μg/mL。耳后、耳组和耳后区的平均皮肤-血浆AUC比值分别为285、675和2054。杀螨剂的AUC在背区（6.5倍，p < 0.05）和组区（2.2倍，p < 0.05）显著高于耳后区。在血浆和皮肤中未检测到oxon代谢物。CPF灌注显示低系统性暴露，体内无明显的胆碱酯酶抑制，未感染牛的皮肤分布不均匀。鉴于这项研究是在健康的牛身上进行的，主要的限制是缺乏关于体外寄生虫引起的病变效应的数据。此外，未来的研究必须利用更灵敏的分析技术和更广泛的采样来充分表征CPF及其相关代谢物的全身和皮肤分布。

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引用次数: 0

Morphological and molecular characteristics for the identification of Eimeria spp. in Eurasian red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) 欧亚红松鼠（Sciurus vulgaris）艾美耳球虫属鉴定的形态学和分子特征

IF 1.4 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101391

Huijie Liu , Jiashu Lang , Kaihui Zhang , Pitambar Dhakal , Jinfeng Zhao , Yixuan Niu , Longxian Zhang

Coccidiosis caused by Eimeria spp. is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in captive squirrels. To conduct morphological and molecular characterization of Eimeria spp. in Sciurus vulgaris and to determine their prevalence in Henan Province, China, we devised a novel single oocyst amplification method, integrating morphological and molecular analyses. Fecal samples from 30 Eurasian red squirrels (S. vulgaris) were examined using microscopy which revealed a 93.3 % (28/30) Eimeria spp. infection rate. Morphometric analysis identified three Eimeria spp. namely E. sciurorum (73.3 %, 22/30), E. ontarioensis (50.0 %, 15/30), and E. lancasterensis (30.0 %, 9/30), with E. sciurorum being predominant. The nuclear 18S ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) gene and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene of all three species were successfully amplified and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these three species shared 96.2 % to 98.8 % sequence identity of the 18S rRNA gene and 91.5 % to 98.0 % sequence identity of the COI gene (bootstrap support ≥95 %, 1000 replicates). These values confirm their close affinity and support their recognition as distinct species. The analysis of the evolutionary tree revealed that the genetic relationship between Eimeria spp. is consistent with the genetic relationship between host animals. This is the first molecular report of Eimeria spp. in Chinese squirrels, summarizing their global prevalence by comparing newly obtained data with published records and offering critical insights for coccidiosis surveillance and Eimeria spp. taxonomy.

由艾美耳球虫引起的球虫病是圈养松鼠发病和死亡的主要原因之一。摘要为了对中国河南地区寻常山艾美耳球虫进行形态和分子鉴定，并确定其在河南地区的流行情况，设计了一种形态和分子分析相结合的单卵囊扩增方法。对30只欧亚红松鼠（S. vulgaris）粪便进行显微镜检查，发现艾美耳球虫感染率为93.3%（28/30）。形态计量学分析鉴定出3种艾美耳虫，分别为：sciurorum艾美耳虫（73.3%,22/30）、安大略省艾美耳虫（50.0%,15/30）和兰卡斯特艾美耳虫（30.0%,9/30），以sciurorum艾美耳虫为优势种。成功扩增了3个物种的核18S核糖体RNA （18S rRNA）基因和线粒体细胞色素c氧化酶亚基I （COI）基因并进行了测序。系统发育分析表明，3个物种的18S rRNA基因序列同源性为96.2% ~ 98.8%，COI基因序列同源性为91.5% ~ 98.0% （bootstrap支持度≥95%，1000个重复）。这些值证实了它们的亲密关系，并支持了它们作为独特物种的认识。进化树分析表明，艾美耳球虫的遗传关系与宿主动物的遗传关系是一致的。本文首次报道了中国松鼠艾美耳亚种的分子分布情况，并将新获得的数据与已发表的记录进行了比较，总结了其在全球的流行情况，为球虫病监测和艾美耳亚种的分类提供了重要的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Pyrosequencing analysis of cytochrome b (CYTb) gene mutations in Babesia gibsoni: Correlation with drug resistance and treatment efficacy in South Korea gibsoni巴贝斯虫细胞色素b （CYTb）基因突变的焦磷酸测序分析：与韩国耐药性和治疗效果的相关性

IF 1.4 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101381

Galle Hettiarachchilage Ravindi Ashani Gunawardhana , Doosung Cheon , Woo-Jin Song , Hyohoon Jeong , YoungMin Yun

Babesia gibsoni is an intraerythrocytic tick-transmitted protozoan that presents a significant health risk to canine populations worldwide. Canine babesiosis is frequently associated with severe clinical symptoms, particularly hemolytic anemia. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of mutations in the cytochrome b (CYTb) gene of B. gibsoni using pyrosequencing, and to explore potential correlations between specific mutations and treatment outcomes. The study was conducted at Jeju National University Animal Hospital, where canine patients diagnosed with B. gibsoni infection were evaluated. It is focused on five specific CYTb mutations: M121I, V220I, I303V, P152L, and F258Y. Genetic analysis using pyrosequencing was conducted on samples from infected dogs to identify the presence of these mutations. Various treatment regimens were administered based on clinical judgment, including atovaquone-azithromycin (AA), diminazene aceturate, metronidazole-clindamycin-doxycycline (MCD), and doxycycline-enrofloxacin-metronidazole (DEM). A total of 125 samples were used for mutation analysis, and only nine samples were assessed for the treatment response. The analysis revealed that the M121I mutation was present in 17 % of the B. gibsoni-positive dogs. Significant regional differences were observed in overall mutation prevalence among Jeju, Seoul and Gyeonggi area. Jeju samples showed a significantly higher mutation prevalence than those from PobAniLab. Dog sex, breed and concurrent disease were not significantly associated with the mutation prevalence. Overall, dogs with non-mutated strains tended to respond more favorably to initial treatments, whereas those with mutated strains often required more complex therapeutic approaches. This study supports the value of genetic monitoring in guiding treatment decisions and improving clinical outcomes of canine babesiosis.

巴贝斯虫是一种红细胞内蜱传播的原生动物，对全世界的犬类种群构成重大的健康风险。犬巴贝斯虫病常伴有严重的临床症状，特别是溶血性贫血。本研究旨在利用焦磷酸测序技术确定gibsoni细胞色素b （CYTb）基因突变的患病率，并探讨特定突变与治疗结果之间的潜在相关性。该研究是在济州国立大学动物医院进行的，该医院对诊断为gibsoni感染的犬患者进行了评估。它专注于五种特定的CYTb突变：M121I， V220I, I303V， P152L和F258Y。利用焦磷酸测序对感染犬的样本进行遗传分析，以确定这些突变的存在。根据临床判断给予阿托瓦醌-阿奇霉素（AA）、醋酸地咪那烯、甲硝唑-克林霉素-强力环素（MCD）、强力环素-恩诺沙星-甲硝唑（DEM）等多种治疗方案。总共125个样本被用于突变分析，只有9个样本被评估治疗反应。分析显示，M121I突变存在于17%的gibsoni阳性犬。济州、首尔和京畿地区的总体突变发生率存在显著的地区差异。济州样本的突变发生率明显高于PobAniLab。犬的性别、品种和并发疾病与突变发生率无显著相关。总的来说，非突变犬对初始治疗的反应更有利，而突变犬通常需要更复杂的治疗方法。本研究支持遗传监测在指导治疗决策和改善犬巴贝斯虫病临床结果中的价值。

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引用次数: 0

First report on anticoccidial drug resistance in Eimeria species of broilers from Kashmir, a North-Western Himalayan region 喜马拉雅西北克什米尔地区肉鸡艾美耳属艾美耳球虫抗球虫耐药性的首次报告

IF 1.4 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101383

Shagufta Iqbal , Syed Tanveer , Idrees Mehraj Allaie , Aiman Ashraf , Bilal Ahmad Para

This study represents the first report on anticoccidial drug resistance in Eimeria species infecting broiler chickens in Kashmir, North India, a region with unique temperate climatic conditions conducive to oocyst survival. A mixed population of field strains of Eimeria spp. from poultry farms in Kashmir Valley was evaluated to assess the current anticoccidial resistance status following World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP) guidelines. The oocyst inoculum comprised of seven Eimeria species identified morphologically, of which five (E. acervulina, E. maxima, E. mitis, E. praecox and E. tenella) were confirmed molecularly using the ITS-1 rDNA marker. Forty, One-day-old Cobb-strain broilers, were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10 each): Group I (infected + amprolium treated), Group II (infected + sulphaquinoxaline treated), Group III (infected untreated control) and Group IV (uninfected control). Drug efficacy was determined by calculating the percentage global index (%GI) based on weight gain, feed conversion ratio, lesion score, oocyst index and mortality. The %GI values were 58.15 for sulphaquinoxaline-treated group and 56.86 for amprolium-treated group, indicating partial resistance, defined here as a moderate loss of drug efficacy without complete treatment failure. Morpho-Molecular analysis identified five Eimeria species in pre-treatment samples and detected the continued presence of four Eimeria species post-treatment, indicating potential emerging drug resistance. Phylogenetic analysis of ITS-1 sequences showed a close genetic affinity of local isolates with reference Eimeria strains deposited in GenBank and notably, this is the first report of ITS-1 sequences for E. praecox from Kashmir. In conclusion, the study provides the first molecularly supported evidence of anticoccidial resistance in broilers from Kashmir and underscores the need for routine monitoring, rotational use of anticoccidials and the adoption of integrated parasite control strategies to safeguard poultry productivity in the region.

本研究首次报道了印度北部克什米尔地区艾美耳亚种感染肉鸡的抗球虫耐药性，该地区具有独特的温带气候条件，有利于卵囊存活。根据世界兽医寄生虫学促进协会（WAAVP）的指导方针，对克什米尔山谷家禽养殖场的艾美耳球虫种混合种群进行了评估，以评估当前的抗球虫耐药性状况。经形态学鉴定，共获得7种艾美耳球虫卵囊接种物，其中5种艾美耳球虫（acervulina、E. maxima、E. mitis、E. praecox和E. tenella）通过ITS-1 rDNA标记得到分子鉴定。选取1日龄柯布肉鸡40只，随机分为4组（每组10只）：ⅰ组（感染+氨苯氨铵处理）、ⅱ组（感染+磺喹诺林处理）、ⅲ组（感染未处理对照）和ⅳ组（未感染对照）。根据增重、饲料转化率、病变评分、卵囊指数和死亡率计算整体百分比指数（%GI）来确定药物疗效。磺喹诺啉组的%GI值为58.15，氨苯铵组的%GI值为56.86，表明部分耐药，这里定义为药物疗效的中度丧失，但没有完全治疗失败。形态-分子分析在预处理样品中鉴定出5种艾美耳球虫，并在处理后检测到4种艾美耳球虫的持续存在，表明可能出现耐药性。ITS-1序列的系统发育分析表明，当地分离株与GenBank中保存的艾美耳虫参考株具有密切的遗传亲和性，值得注意的是，这是首次报道克什米尔地区的早熟艾美耳虫ITS-1序列。总之，该研究提供了克什米尔肉鸡抗球虫耐药性的第一个分子支持证据，并强调需要进行常规监测、轮流使用抗球虫药物和采用综合寄生虫控制战略，以保障该地区的家禽生产力。

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引用次数: 0

Acute visceral cysticercosis in a Black Bengal goat: A case report of hepatitis cysticercosa and pneumonitis cysticercosa 黑孟加拉山羊急性内脏囊虫病：肝炎囊虫和肺炎囊虫一例报告

IF 1.4 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101378

Vinay Kumar S.D., Sree Lakshmi P., Neha, Avantika Srivastav, Manohar S., Veena R. Sutar, Pawan Kumar, Rajveer Singh Pawaiya, Vidya Singh

Cysticercosis is a parasitic infection caused by Cysticercus, the metacestode (larval stage) of Taenia spp. This case report describes the gross and histopathological findings of acute visceral cysticercosis associated with Cysticercus tenuicollis in a Black Bengal goat with a history of sudden recumbency and death. Striking gross lesions were observed in the liver, which displayed multifocal to coalescing, tortuous hemorrhagic cords of variable length throughout and over the surface, along with a substantial number of wandering immature cysticerci. In the lungs, well-demarcated, dark red, irregular areas of consolidation were observed distributed along the lateral margins of the pulmonary lobes on both sides. The cysts were 5–7 mm in length, containing clear, jelly-like fluid; under the microscope, a large invaginated scolex and a serrated vesicular wall were evident. Histopathology revealed a wide range of hepatic lesions, including cross-sections of vesicular walls of cysticerci within the distended portal veins, and the migratory tracts filled with blood, fibrin, and cellular debris. The zone of inflammatory cells around the cysticerci and their migratory tracts consisted of eosinophils, predominantly along with a few mononuclear cells. Cross sections of cysticerci were also seen in lung sections, exhibiting a similar inflammatory cell infiltrate as seen in the liver. Necropsy, histopathological, and parasitological findings confirmed the diagnosis as parasitic traumatic hepatitis (Hepatitis cysticercosa) and parasitic pneumonia (Pneumonitis cysticercosa), with the cause of death being hypovolemic shock caused by severe blood loss resulting from traumatic hepatitis and acute fibrinous peritonitis.

囊虫病是由带绦虫的囊尾蚴（幼虫期）引起的一种寄生虫感染。本病例报告描述了一只有突然卧位和死亡史的黑孟加拉山羊的急性内脏囊虫病与细囊尾蚴相关的大体和组织病理学结果。在肝脏中观察到明显的肉眼病变，表现为多灶性合并，弯曲的出血索在整个表面和表面变长，并伴有大量未成熟的囊尾蚴徘徊。肺两侧肺叶外侧缘可见界限清晰的暗红色不规则实变区。囊肿长5 ~ 7mm，含透明果冻状液体；显微镜下可见大内翻的头节和锯齿状的囊泡壁。组织病理学显示广泛的肝脏病变，包括扩张的门静脉内囊尾蚴囊泡壁的横切面，以及充满血液、纤维蛋白和细胞碎片的迁移道。囊尾蚴及其迁徙道周围的炎性细胞区主要由嗜酸性粒细胞组成，并伴有少量单核细胞。肺切片也可见囊虫横切面，表现出与肝脏相似的炎症细胞浸润。尸检、组织病理学和寄生虫学检查结果证实诊断为外伤性肝炎（囊尾蚴肝炎）和寄生性肺炎（囊尾蚴肺炎），死亡原因是外伤性肝炎和急性纤维性腹膜炎引起的严重失血引起的低血容量性休克。

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引用次数: 0

Seroprevalence and hematobiochemical changes associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection in goats from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan 巴基斯坦开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦山羊中与刚地弓形虫感染相关的血清阳性率和血液生化变化

IF 1.4 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101373

Muhammad Iqbal , Muhammad Yasin Tipu , Asim Aslam , Kamran Ashraf

A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection in goats and to evaluate associated haematological and biochemical alterations in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A total of 384 blood samples were randomly collected from goats in three districts and analyzed serologically using the latex agglutination test. The overall seroprevalence was 57.3 %, with the highest prevalence in Peshawar (60.2 %), followed by Dera Ismail Khan (57.8 %) and Swat (53.9 %). Higher infection rates were observed in female goats (66.1 %) and animals older than two years (71.4 %). Significant risk factors were female sex, age > 2 years, grazing-based feeding, poor health status, and extensive rearing systems (P < 0.05). Infected goats exhibited marked (P < 0.05) haematological changes, including anemia, leukopenia, neutrophilia, and lymphocytopenia. Serum biochemistry revealed elevated liver enzymes (ALT, AST, LDH), as well as increased BUN and creatinine levels, alongside reduced albumin levels and increased total protein, indicating hepatic and renal involvement. The findings underscore the widespread occurrence of T. gondii infection in goats and its substantial impact on host physiology, with potential zoonotic implications. Priority interventions should focus on improving water hygiene, adopting controlled feeding systems, and implementing regular serological screening to effectively reduce T. gondii transmission and its impact on goat health.

在巴基斯坦开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省进行了一项横断面研究，以确定山羊中刚地弓形虫（弓形虫）感染的血清患病率，并评估相关的血液学和生化变化。在3个地区随机采集山羊血样384份，采用胶乳凝集试验进行血清学分析。总血清阳性率为57.3%，其中白沙瓦最高（60.2%），其次是德拉伊斯梅尔汗（57.8%）和斯瓦特（53.9%）。母山羊（66.1%）和2岁以上动物（71.4%）感染率较高。女性、年龄2岁、以放牧为主、健康状况不佳和粗放型饲养方式是显著危险因素（P < 0.05）。感染山羊表现出明显的血液学变化（P < 0.05），包括贫血、白细胞减少、中性粒细胞增多和淋巴细胞减少。血清生化显示肝酶（ALT、AST、LDH）升高，BUN和肌酐水平升高，白蛋白水平降低，总蛋白升高，提示肝脏和肾脏受累。这些发现强调了山羊中弓形虫感染的广泛发生及其对宿主生理的重大影响，具有潜在的人畜共患意义。优先干预措施应侧重于改善水卫生，采用控制饲养系统，并实施定期血清学筛查，以有效减少弓形虫传播及其对山羊健康的影响。

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引用次数: 0

First record of Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus (Pallas, 1781) in Didelphis marsupialis (Linnaeus, 1758) from the Brazilian Amazon 巴西亚马逊河流域有袋Didelphis marsupialis （Linnaeus, 1758）中首次记录的Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus （Pallas, 1781）

IF 1.4 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101388

Lucas Araújo Ferreira, Ricardo Luis Sousa Santana, Elaine Lopes Carvalho, Elane Guerreiro Giese

This study presents the first documented occurrence of Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus (Pallas, 1781) parasitizing Didelphis marsupialis (Linnaeus, 1758) in Brazil. Specimens were collected in the Soure Marine Extractive Reserve, Marajó Island, Pará state, northern Brazil. In January and February 2025, parasites were recovered from the intestinal region of two hosts. Necropsy revealed acanthocephalans of unusual sizes in the intestinal loops and significant granuloma formation. Additionally, fecal samples were collected from the cecum region. Morphological/morphometric analyses of the helminths and eggs identified in the feces suggest that the parasites are Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus. Thus, this study reports the first identification of M. hirudinaceus in D. marsupialis in the Brazilian Amazon, expanding the range of known hosts of this acanthocephalan.

本研究报道了首次在巴西发现的Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus （Pallas, 1781）寄生于Didelphis marsupialis （Linnaeus, 1758）的幼虫。标本采集于巴西北部par州Marajó岛的源海洋采掘保护区。2025年1月和2月，在两个寄主的肠道区域发现了寄生虫。尸检显示肠袢内有异常大小的棘头，并有明显的肉芽肿形成。此外，从盲肠区域收集粪便样本。从粪便中鉴定出的蠕虫和虫卵的形态学/形态计量学分析表明，该寄生虫为Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus。因此，本研究首次在巴西亚马逊河流域的有袋棘足纲动物中发现了M. hirudinaceus，扩大了这种棘头纲动物已知宿主的范围。

引用次数: 0

First report of the giant kidney worm Dioctophyme renale in a domestic dog from Costa Rica 哥斯达黎加家犬巨型肾虫肾双足虫的首次报道

IF 1.4 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101387

Fabián Villegas-Rojas , Monserrat Barquero-Quesada , Roberto W.I. Olivares , Laura G. Bass , Fernando Robles-Herrera , Juan Carlos González-Barrantes , Pablo J. Borrás , Fernando A. Dittel-Meza , Josué Campos-Camacho , Alicia Rojas

Dioctophyme renale, the giant kidney worm, is a parasitic nematode of domestic and wild carnivores, occasionally infecting humans. While widely reported in South America, it has not been documented in Central America before. A 3-year-old French bulldog presented with leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, azotemia, pyrexia, vomiting, and apathy. Abdominal ultrasound revealed tubular structures in the right kidney, and urine sediment contained nematode eggs. Euthanasia was performed after severe health complications, and a necropsy was done. The right kidney revealed severe hydronephrosis with parenchymal atrophy, fibrosis, and lymphoplasmacytic/eosinophilic nephritis. A 25 cm long worm was morphologically and molecularly analyzed, showing morphometric characteristics compatible with D. renale. Mitochondrial cox1 and ribosomal 18S and ITS1 sequences derived from the specimen were highly similar (>98 %) to D. renale. Phylogenetic analysis of cox1 data clustered Costa Rican and Argentinian sequences irrespective of host and haplotype network revealed five geographically distributed haplotypes, with one shared between Argentina and Costa Rica. This study provides the first evidence of D. renale in Costa Rica, indicating local transmission risk. Considering the parasite's complex life cycle involving aquatic intermediate and paratenic hosts and the presence of susceptible wild carnivores in our country, environmental exposure represents a key risk factor. The findings highlight the need for a One Health approach integrating veterinary, public health, and environmental strategies to improve detection, prevention, and awareness of dioctophymosis in Central America.

肾双足虫，巨型肾虫，是一种寄生于家养和野生食肉动物的线虫，偶尔会感染人类。虽然在南美洲有广泛报道，但在中美洲以前没有记录。一只3岁的法国斗牛犬表现为白细胞增多、血小板减少、氮血症、发热、呕吐和冷漠。腹部超声显示右肾管状结构，尿液沉积物中含有线虫卵。在出现严重的健康并发症后进行了安乐死，并进行了尸检。右肾显示严重的肾水肿伴实质萎缩、纤维化和淋巴浆细胞/嗜酸性肾炎。对一条25 cm长的蠕虫进行了形态和分子分析，显示出与D. renale一致的形态特征。线粒体cox1和核糖体18S和ITS1序列与D. renale高度相似（> 98%）。不考虑宿主和单倍型网络的cox1数据聚类哥斯达黎加和阿根廷序列的系统发育分析揭示了五种地理分布的单倍型，其中一种为阿根廷和哥斯达黎加共有。该研究首次提供了哥斯达黎加存在雷诺病的证据，表明存在当地传播风险。考虑到寄生虫复杂的生命周期，包括水生中间宿主和副宿主，以及我国存在易感野生食肉动物，环境暴露是一个关键的危险因素。研究结果强调，需要采取“同一个健康”方法，将兽医、公共卫生和环境战略结合起来，以改善中美洲双爪虫病的发现、预防和认识。

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引用次数: 0

Resistance to acaricides in the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) from dairy farms in the Triângulo Mineiro region, Minas Gerais, Brazil 巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州tringulo Mineiro地区奶牛场牛蜱对杀螨剂的抗性(蜱螨：伊蚊科

IF 1.4 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports

Pub Date : 2025-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101366

Vinicius da Silva Rodrigues , Luis Fernando Santana , Maria Clara Oliveira Sousa , Sabrina França de Castro , Pedro Henrique Ferreira , Guilherme Augusto Ferreira , Thiago Achcar Contarin , Rodrigo da Costa Maia , Guilherme Marcondes Klafke , Matias Pablo Juan Szabó

Rhipicephalus microplus is a major ectoparasite of cattle in tropical and subtropical regions and poses a serious threat to animal welfare and productivity. Chemical acaricides remain the main method of control in Brazil. Nevertheless, resistance to these compounds has become increasingly widespread. Minas Gerais is the leading milk-producing state in Brazil, yet data on acaricide resistance in one of its key dairy-producing region, the Triângulo Mineiro, remain scarce. This study evaluated the resistance of R. microplus populations from 15 dairy farms from nine municipalities in the Triângulo Mineiro using the larval packet test (LPT) against five commonly used acaricide compounds: cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos, fipronil, ivermectin, and amitraz. All tick populations showed high resistance to cypermethrin. High resistance to chlorpyrifos and fipronil was observed in 80 % and 67 % of farms, respectively. Resistance to ivermectin and amitraz was more variable but still present in most populations. Resistance to at least two compounds was detected on all farms. The most frequently used products on surveyed farms were based on pyrethroids and organophosphates, including unapproved or off-label compounds. These findings indicate a critical need for strategic, evidence-based tick control programs in the region and regular resistance monitoring to guide the selection of effective acaricides. These results provide an updated overview of acaricide resistance an important dairy region of Brazil and highlight the importance of coordinated efforts to slow down resistance development.

微加鼻头虫是热带和亚热带地区牛的主要体外寄生虫，对动物福利和生产力构成严重威胁。化学杀螨剂仍然是巴西主要的防治方法。然而，对这些化合物的耐药性已经变得越来越普遍。米纳斯吉拉斯州是巴西主要的产奶州，但米纳斯吉拉斯州主要产奶地区之一的米内罗三区（tri ngulo Mineiro）的杀螨剂耐药性数据仍然很少。本研究利用幼虫包试验（LPT）评估了来自tri ngulo Mineiro 9个城市的15个奶牛场的小仓鼠种群对五种常用杀螨剂（氯氰菊酯、毒死蜱、氟虫腈、伊维菌素和阿米特兹）的抗性。所有蜱类对氯氰菊酯均呈高抗性。毒死蜱和氟虫腈的高抗性分别为80%和67%。对伊维菌素和阿米特拉兹的耐药性变化较大，但在大多数人群中仍然存在。在所有农场都发现了对至少两种化合物的抗药性。在接受调查的农场中，最常用的产品是基于拟除虫菊酯和有机磷酸盐，包括未经批准或标签外的化合物。这些发现表明，迫切需要在该地区开展以证据为基础的战略性蜱虫控制规划，并定期进行抗药性监测，以指导选择有效的杀螨剂。这些结果提供了巴西重要乳制品地区杀螨剂耐药性的最新概况，并强调了协调努力减缓耐药性发展的重要性。

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引用次数: 0