Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101205
Patrick S. Sebastian , Daniela Lamattina , Paula J. Vaschalde , Fernando S. Flores , Jorgelina Torrents , Evelina L. Tarragona
Field captured specimens of Didelphis albiventris (Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae) from Formosa Province, Argentina, were analysed for possible infection with Babesia species. Whole blood samples of live-trapped D. albiventris were taken, genomic DNA was extracted and a Piroplasmida specific PCR assay targeting a fragment of the 18S rRNA gene was conducted. Positive PCR amplicon were sequenced and obtained DNA partial sequences were located in a phylogenetic context by constructing a maximum-likelihood tree. Two samples were positive and could be identified as Babesia species. Through phylogenetic analyses, both sequences were demonstrated to belong to a group of Babesia sp. associated with marsupials from Brazil and therefore previously defined as the “South American Marsupialia Group” (SAMG) of Babesia species. The results of this study represent the first report of a Piroplasmida species in a marsupial in Argentina. They further give an insight on the circulation of Babesia sp. in D. albiventris that, due to its synanthropic habits, plays an epidemiologically important role as potential hosts for emerging pathogens and ectoparasites of relevance in veterinary medicine.
{"title":"Babesia sp. of the “South American Marsupialia Group”: First molecular detection in Didelphis albiventris (Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae) from Argentina","authors":"Patrick S. Sebastian , Daniela Lamattina , Paula J. Vaschalde , Fernando S. Flores , Jorgelina Torrents , Evelina L. Tarragona","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Field captured specimens of <em>Didelphis albiventris</em> (Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae) from Formosa Province, Argentina, were analysed for possible infection with <em>Babesia</em> species. Whole blood samples of live-trapped <em>D. albiventris</em> were taken, genomic DNA was extracted and a Piroplasmida specific PCR assay targeting a fragment of the 18S rRNA gene was conducted. Positive PCR amplicon were sequenced and obtained DNA partial sequences were located in a phylogenetic context by constructing a maximum-likelihood tree. Two samples were positive and could be identified as <em>Babesia</em> species. Through phylogenetic analyses, both sequences were demonstrated to belong to a group of <em>Babesia</em> sp. associated with marsupials from Brazil and therefore previously defined as the “South American Marsupialia Group” (SAMG) of <em>Babesia</em> species. The results of this study represent the first report of a Piroplasmida species in a marsupial in Argentina. They further give an insight on the circulation of <em>Babesia</em> sp. in <em>D. albiventris</em> that, due to its synanthropic habits, plays an epidemiologically important role as potential hosts for emerging pathogens and ectoparasites of relevance in veterinary medicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101205"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143138820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101204
N.D. Sargison , U. Chaudhry , L. Costa-Junior , J.R. Kutcher , K. Li , F.A. Sargison , O. Zahid
The mesostigmatid tropical rat mite, Ornithonyssus bacoti, is an important cause of disease in small rodents, and of gamasoidosis in humans when they come into contact with infestations. Most reports of O. bacoti infestations are from warmer parts of the Americas, southern Europe and Asia; and infection has only rarely been recorded in northern Europe. In 2021 and 2024, two separate cases of gamasoidosis were identified in student flats in the city of Edinburgh, UK. Further investigation highlighted the value of combining conventional morphological and 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing methods in establishing the species identity of the mites; hence confirming the diagnosis of gamasoidosis. The bacterial microbiome associated with the mites was explored by conventional culture and metabarcoding microbiome sequencing of the ribosomal16S v3-v4 hypervariable region. The results highlight the utility of the mixed approach; and show the presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria and recognised causes of opportunistic nosocomial infections, along with known mite gut and intracellular symbionts. The results indicate the potential for O. bacoti mites as vectors of bacterial infections. The clinical presentation of gamasoidosis is indistinguishable from non-specific arthropod-bite reactions; and the cause is seldom confirmed because the temporarily parasitic mites spend most of their time in the environment. The two confirmed index cases may, therefore, represent a more widespread emerging problem; putatively associated with an increase in urban rodent populations.
{"title":"The diagnosis and vector potential of Ornithonyssus bacoti tropical rat mites in northern Europe","authors":"N.D. Sargison , U. Chaudhry , L. Costa-Junior , J.R. Kutcher , K. Li , F.A. Sargison , O. Zahid","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mesostigmatid tropical rat mite, <em>Ornithonyssus bacoti</em>, is an important cause of disease in small rodents, and of gamasoidosis in humans when they come into contact with infestations. Most reports of <em>O. bacoti</em> infestations are from warmer parts of the Americas, southern Europe and Asia; and infection has only rarely been recorded in northern Europe. In 2021 and 2024, two separate cases of gamasoidosis were identified in student flats in the city of Edinburgh, UK. Further investigation highlighted the value of combining conventional morphological and 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing methods in establishing the species identity of the mites; hence confirming the diagnosis of gamasoidosis. The bacterial microbiome associated with the mites was explored by conventional culture and metabarcoding microbiome sequencing of the ribosomal16S v3-v4 hypervariable region. The results highlight the utility of the mixed approach; and show the presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria and recognised causes of opportunistic nosocomial infections, along with known mite gut and intracellular symbionts. The results indicate the potential for <em>O. bacoti</em> mites as vectors of bacterial infections. The clinical presentation of gamasoidosis is indistinguishable from non-specific arthropod-bite reactions; and the cause is seldom confirmed because the temporarily parasitic mites spend most of their time in the environment. The two confirmed index cases may, therefore, represent a more widespread emerging problem; putatively associated with an increase in urban rodent populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101204"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143138920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101212
Eliza Baker , Rebekah DeBolt , Emma Smith , Richard Gerhold , Heidi Wyrosdick
Shelter animals are infected with a variety of endoparasites, and infections vary in severity and zoonotic potential. Data on parasite prevalence in Tennessee shelter animals are severely lacking. Fecal samples from 1111 dogs and 605 cats were collected from animal shelters from 2010 to 2023. Centrifugal fecal flotations using two separate solutions (Sheather's sugar and zinc sulfate) were performed, and parasites were identified to genus or species when possible. In total 43.5 % (263/605) of cats and 59.2 % (658/1111) of dogs were positive for at least one parasite on fecal flotation. Ancylostoma caninum and Trichuris vulpis were the most common species detected in dogs, while Toxocara cati and Cystoisospora felis were the most detected parasites in cats. This report provides valuable regional prevalence data of endoparasite infections in shelter animals in 8 counties in East Tennessee.
{"title":"Fecal prevalence and diversity of endoparasites in shelter dogs and cats from East Tennessee","authors":"Eliza Baker , Rebekah DeBolt , Emma Smith , Richard Gerhold , Heidi Wyrosdick","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101212","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101212","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shelter animals are infected with a variety of endoparasites, and infections vary in severity and zoonotic potential. Data on parasite prevalence in Tennessee shelter animals are severely lacking. Fecal samples from 1111 dogs and 605 cats were collected from animal shelters from 2010 to 2023. Centrifugal fecal flotations using two separate solutions (Sheather's sugar and zinc sulfate) were performed, and parasites were identified to genus or species when possible. In total 43.5 % (263/605) of cats and 59.2 % (658/1111) of dogs were positive for at least one parasite on fecal flotation. <em>Ancylostoma caninum</em> and <em>Trichuris vulpis</em> were the most common species detected in dogs, while <em>Toxocara cati</em> and <em>Cystoisospora felis</em> were the most detected parasites in cats. This report provides valuable regional prevalence data of endoparasite infections in shelter animals in 8 counties in East Tennessee.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101212"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143138914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101200
Veronika Teschner , Yury Zablotski , Gabriela Knubben-Schweizer , Frank Bootz , Christina Strube , Christoph Wenzel
The infection of cattle with the rumen fluke Calicophoron daubneyi has been detected with increasing frequency in Europe in recent decades. The question of the importance of this parasitic infection for milk production has come to the fore. While the influence on beef cattle has already been investigated in a few studies with contradictory results, there is hardly any knowledge about an influence on milk yield and fertility. Therefore, in a case control field study, we aimed to determine the monthly excretion of C. daubneyi eggs in the feces of dual-purpose dairy cows on two farms in southern Germany over a period of one year, and to compare milk yield and fertility parameters between infected and non-infected cows within the herds. For this purpose, the cows were divided into groups depending on egg excretion (1 = negative; 2 = rumen fluke-positive; 3 = rumen fluke- and liver fluke-positive). To be able to investigate seasonal influences, the data was analysed in three time-intervals (entire study period, summer half-year, winter half-year).
A total of 117 cows from the two farms were examined in this study. The in-herd-prevalence for rumen fluke was 57.0 % and 64.0 %, respectively. The median egg excretion was low in both farms (< 6 epg), the maximum excretion reached 92.3 epg. Cows coinfected with F. hepatica showed the highest rumen fluke egg excretion rate. Calicophoron daubneyi infection had no significant effect on milk production parameters (milk yield, milk fat, milk protein, and somatic cell count). Remarkably, all infected cows showed higher values of milk fat content than non-infected cows. The metabolic parameter β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), determined using Fourier-transform mid-infrared (FT-MIR) spectroscopy, was within the normal range on both farms and did not differ between infected and uninfected cows. The fertility parameters (CTFS - calving to first service, CIV - calving interval, SFI - success in first insemination, and 56-NRR - 56-day non-return rate) tended to be worse in C. daubneyi infected cows but without significant difference to non-infected cows. No influence on the consistency of feces was observed in rumen fluke-infected cows. In summary, this study showed that low-level infections with C. daubneyi had no influence on milk yield or metabolic status in dual-purpose dairy cows, while C. daubneyi infected cows tended to perform unfavourable in some parameters compared to uninfected cows.
{"title":"Impact of the rumen fluke Calicophoron daubneyi on milk production parameters, β-hydroxybutyrate, fertility and feces consistency in southern German dairy cows","authors":"Veronika Teschner , Yury Zablotski , Gabriela Knubben-Schweizer , Frank Bootz , Christina Strube , Christoph Wenzel","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The infection of cattle with the rumen fluke <em>Calicophoron daubneyi</em> has been detected with increasing frequency in Europe in recent decades. The question of the importance of this parasitic infection for milk production has come to the fore. While the influence on beef cattle has already been investigated in a few studies with contradictory results, there is hardly any knowledge about an influence on milk yield and fertility. Therefore, in a case control field study, we aimed to determine the monthly excretion of <em>C. daubneyi</em> eggs in the feces of dual-purpose dairy cows on two farms in southern Germany over a period of one year, and to compare milk yield and fertility parameters between infected and non-infected cows within the herds. For this purpose, the cows were divided into groups depending on egg excretion (1 = negative; 2 = rumen fluke-positive; 3 = rumen fluke- and liver fluke-positive). To be able to investigate seasonal influences, the data was analysed in three time-intervals (entire study period, summer half-year, winter half-year).</div><div>A total of 117 cows from the two farms were examined in this study. The in-herd-prevalence for rumen fluke was 57.0 % and 64.0 %, respectively. The median egg excretion was low in both farms (< 6 epg), the maximum excretion reached 92.3 epg. Cows coinfected with <em>F. hepatica</em> showed the highest rumen fluke egg excretion rate. <em>Calicophoron daubneyi</em> infection had no significant effect on milk production parameters (milk yield, milk fat, milk protein, and somatic cell count). Remarkably, all infected cows showed higher values of milk fat content than non-infected cows. The metabolic parameter β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), determined using Fourier-transform mid-infrared (FT-MIR) spectroscopy, was within the normal range on both farms and did not differ between infected and uninfected cows. The fertility parameters (CTFS - calving to first service, CIV - calving interval, SFI - success in first insemination, and 56-NRR - 56-day non-return rate) tended to be worse in <em>C. daubneyi</em> infected cows but without significant difference to non-infected cows. No influence on the consistency of feces was observed in rumen fluke-infected cows. In summary, this study showed that low-level infections with <em>C. daubneyi</em> had no influence on milk yield or metabolic status in dual-purpose dairy cows, while <em>C. daubneyi</em> infected cows tended to perform unfavourable in some parameters compared to uninfected cows.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101200"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143138916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101206
Amir Abbas Mohieddini , Mohammad Mahdi Delavari , Reza Hemmati Baghbanani , Vahid Akbarinejad
Neospora caninum (N. caninum) is known as a source of economic losses due to causing abortion in cows. Additionally, it is well-established that this parasite can be vertically transmitted from the dam to the fetus through placenta. There is, however, little and contradictory information about whether transplacental infection of the offspring during prenatal period could impair its survival and reproductive performance during postnatal period, and the current study was conducted to address this issue. To this end, seropositivity of heifer dams (n = 430) and their offspring were ascertained at the age of 12 and 3 months, respectively. Based on the serologic results, there were four categories of female offspring including: 1) seronegative offspring born to seronegative dams (n = 183), 2) seropositive offspring born to seronegative dams (n = 59), 3) seronegative offspring born to seropositive dams (n = 29), and 4) seropositive offspring born to seropositive dams (n = 30). The birth weight, survival, reproductive performance and abortion of these offspring were studied from birth to culling. Maternal seropositivity was positively associated with offspring seropositivity (P < 0.05). Birth weight did not differ among offspring in various categories (P > 0.05). Seropositive offspring born to seronegative dams and seronegative offspring born to seropositive dams had inferior cumulative reproductive performance over life as compared to seronegative offspring born to seronegative dams (P < 0.05). Seropositive offspring had greater cumulative abortion risk and shorter lifespan than seronegative offspring regardless of their maternal serologic condition (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the present study showed that maternal seropositivity for N. caninum increased the risk of seropositivity in the offspring, and seropositive offspring had increased abortion risk and decreased longevity. Maternal seropositivity for N. caninum could have developmental effects on cumulative reproductive performance of the offspring that were not vertically infected.
{"title":"A longitudinal study on the effects of maternal and offspring seropositivity for Neospora caninum on birth weight, survival, reproductive performance and abortion in the offspring","authors":"Amir Abbas Mohieddini , Mohammad Mahdi Delavari , Reza Hemmati Baghbanani , Vahid Akbarinejad","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Neospora caninum</em> (<em>N. caninum</em>) is known as a source of economic losses due to causing abortion in cows. Additionally, it is well-established that this parasite can be vertically transmitted from the dam to the fetus through placenta. There is, however, little and contradictory information about whether transplacental infection of the offspring during prenatal period could impair its survival and reproductive performance during postnatal period, and the current study was conducted to address this issue. To this end, seropositivity of heifer dams (<em>n</em> = 430) and their offspring were ascertained at the age of 12 and 3 months, respectively. Based on the serologic results, there were four categories of female offspring including: 1) seronegative offspring born to seronegative dams (<em>n</em> = 183), 2) seropositive offspring born to seronegative dams (<em>n</em> = 59), 3) seronegative offspring born to seropositive dams (<em>n</em> = 29), and 4) seropositive offspring born to seropositive dams (<em>n</em> = 30). The birth weight, survival, reproductive performance and abortion of these offspring were studied from birth to culling. Maternal seropositivity was positively associated with offspring seropositivity (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Birth weight did not differ among offspring in various categories (<em>P</em> > 0.05). Seropositive offspring born to seronegative dams and seronegative offspring born to seropositive dams had inferior cumulative reproductive performance over life as compared to seronegative offspring born to seronegative dams (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Seropositive offspring had greater cumulative abortion risk and shorter lifespan than seronegative offspring regardless of their maternal serologic condition (<em>P</em> < 0.05). In conclusion, the present study showed that maternal seropositivity for <em>N. caninum</em> increased the risk of seropositivity in the offspring, and seropositive offspring had increased abortion risk and decreased longevity. Maternal seropositivity for <em>N. caninum</em> could have developmental effects on cumulative reproductive performance of the offspring that were not vertically infected.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101206"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143138917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although gastrointestinal parasites affect livestock production and economic development, investigations targeting these infectious diseases have been overlooked in most African countries. This study was designed to determine and map schistosomes and other gastrointestinal parasites in cattle of Magba Sub-division in the West region of Cameroon and to comparatively assess the kato-katz and sedimentation technique for diagnosing livestock schistosomiasis. During a cross-sectional study, fecal material was collected in apparently 264 healthy cattle of one to above 9 years from 4 sub-districts of the Magba sub-division. Kato-katz was used to search schistosomes and other gastrointestinal eggs while the sedimentation technique was only used to search schistosome eggs. Eight gastrointestinal parasites including schistosomes (79.9 %), Eimeria spp. (16.7 %), Fasciola spp. (12.5 %), Dicrocoelium spp. (9.1 %), Strongyloides spp. (7.2 %), Toxocara spp. (2.7 %), Trichuris spp. (2.3 %) and Monieza spp. (1.1 %) were detected in cattle fecal material. The overall prevalence of schistosome infections was 43.9 % with the Kato-katz and 79.9 % with the sedimentation technique. The Kappa coefficient index between the two techniques for detecting schistosome eggs was 0.32 (95 % CI: 0.24–0.40). Among the infected animals, 53.7 % had one gastrointestinal parasite while 21.0 %, 9.1 % and 1.9 % had respectively 2, 3 and 4 different gastrointestinal parasites. The prevalence of schistosomes and that of Fasciola spp. and Eimeria spp. vary significantly between sub-districts. This study revealed a high prevalence of schistosomes and several other gastrointestinal parasites in cattle. It showed a wide distribution of these parasitic infections in all sub-districts; indicating the need to control these infections for improving cattle health and breeders' economy.
{"title":"Schistosome infections and other gastrointestinal parasites in cattle of the Magba sub-division in the West region of Cameroon","authors":"Loic Edmond Tekeu Mengoue , Rostand Joël Atiokeng Tatang , Pythagore Soubgwi Fogue , Estelle Mezajou Mewamba , Arnol Auvaker Zebaze Tiofack , Rolin Mitterran Ndefo Kamga , Gustave Simo","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although gastrointestinal parasites affect livestock production and economic development, investigations targeting these infectious diseases have been overlooked in most African countries. This study was designed to determine and map schistosomes and other gastrointestinal parasites in cattle of Magba Sub-division in the West region of Cameroon and to comparatively assess the kato-katz and sedimentation technique for diagnosing livestock schistosomiasis. During a cross-sectional study, fecal material was collected in apparently 264 healthy cattle of one to above 9 years from 4 sub-districts of the Magba sub-division. Kato-katz was used to search schistosomes and other gastrointestinal eggs while the sedimentation technique was only used to search schistosome eggs. Eight gastrointestinal parasites including schistosomes (79.9 %), <em>Eimeria</em> spp. (16.7 %), <em>Fasciola</em> spp. (12.5 %), <em>Dicrocoelium</em> spp. (9.1 %), <em>Strongyloides</em> spp. (7.2 %), <em>Toxocara</em> spp. (2.7 %), <em>Trichuris</em> spp. (2.3 %) and <em>Monieza</em> spp. (1.1 %) were detected in cattle fecal material. The overall prevalence of schistosome infections was 43.9 % with the Kato-katz and 79.9 % with the sedimentation technique. The Kappa coefficient index between the two techniques for detecting schistosome eggs was 0.32 (95 % CI: 0.24–0.40). Among the infected animals, 53.7 % had one gastrointestinal parasite while 21.0 %, 9.1 % and 1.9 % had respectively 2, 3 and 4 different gastrointestinal parasites. The prevalence of schistosomes and that of <em>Fasciola</em> spp. and <em>Eimeria</em> spp. vary significantly between sub-districts. This study revealed a high prevalence of schistosomes and several other gastrointestinal parasites in cattle. It showed a wide distribution of these parasitic infections in all sub-districts; indicating the need to control these infections for improving cattle health and breeders' economy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101199"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143138919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101208
José L. Bravo-Ramos , María G. Sánchez-Otero , Sokani Sánchez-Montes , Luis A. Ortíz-Carbajal
In Mexico, a substantial challenge within cattle industry pertains to the widespread occurrence of Rhipicephalus microplus and Amblyomma mixtum infestation. Various acaricides compounds have been developed to manage these ticks infestation; however, their improper and frequent application has contributed to the emergence of resistant tick strains. However, there is a paucity of data specifically regarding the acaricide resistance status of A. mixtum. For this reason, the aim of this study was to monitor the susceptibility or resistance of A. mixtum to principal synthetic chemical acaricides used in control programme of A.mixtum and identify potential risk factors associated with A. mixtum resistant to ixodicides. Fully engorged adult female A. mixtum ticks were collected from cattle in twenty ranches. Larval packet test (LPT) and larval immersion test (LIT) were performed using discriminating doses (d.d) of ixodicides. The formulations tested were a Phenylpyrazole (fipronil), Organophosphates (coumaphos), Formamidine (amitraz) Synthetic Pyrethroids (cypermethrin) and Macrocyclic Lactones (ivermectin). The resulting phenotype was categorized as either resistant, probable resistant, or susceptible. A strain of A. mixtum collected from a cattle farm in the municipality of Las Choapas exhibited resistance to multiple acaricides, demonstrating diverse mortality levels at the d.d: fipronil (65.3 %), coumaphos (54.3 %), amitraz (52.4 %), and cypermethrin (35.5 %); except for ivermectin, where probable resistance was observed (90.8 %). A total of 50 % (10/20) of A. mixtum strains collected were resistant at least one acaricide evaluated. Furthermore, the strains of A. mixtum evaluated showed a higher frequency of resistance to amitraz. Also, only three strains assessed were susceptible to all acaricides tested. This crucial information will refine strategies for the effective control of ectoparasites.
{"title":"Monitoring of resistance or susceptibility of Amblyomma mixtum (Acari: Ixodidae) to synthetic acaricides from Mexico","authors":"José L. Bravo-Ramos , María G. Sánchez-Otero , Sokani Sánchez-Montes , Luis A. Ortíz-Carbajal","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In Mexico, a substantial challenge within cattle industry pertains to the widespread occurrence of <em>Rhipicephalus microplus</em> and <em>Amblyomma mixtum</em> infestation. Various acaricides compounds have been developed to manage these ticks infestation; however, their improper and frequent application has contributed to the emergence of resistant tick strains. However, there is a paucity of data specifically regarding the acaricide resistance status of <em>A. mixtum</em>. For this reason, the aim of this study was to monitor the susceptibility or resistance of <em>A. mixtum</em> to principal synthetic chemical acaricides used in control programme of <em>A.mixtum</em> and identify potential risk factors associated with <em>A. mixtum</em> resistant to ixodicides. Fully engorged adult female <em>A. mixtum</em> ticks were collected from cattle in twenty ranches. Larval packet test (LPT) and larval immersion test (LIT) were performed using discriminating doses (d.d) of ixodicides. The formulations tested were a Phenylpyrazole (fipronil), Organophosphates (coumaphos), Formamidine (amitraz) Synthetic Pyrethroids (cypermethrin) and Macrocyclic Lactones (ivermectin). The resulting phenotype was categorized as either resistant, probable resistant, or susceptible. A strain of <em>A. mixtum</em> collected from a cattle farm in the municipality of Las Choapas exhibited resistance to multiple acaricides, demonstrating diverse mortality levels at the d.d: fipronil (65.3 %), coumaphos (54.3 %), amitraz (52.4 %), and cypermethrin (35.5 %); except for ivermectin, where probable resistance was observed (90.8 %). A total of 50 % (10/20) of <em>A. mixtum</em> strains collected were resistant at least one acaricide evaluated. Furthermore, the strains of <em>A. mixtum</em> evaluated showed a higher frequency of resistance to amitraz. Also, only three strains assessed were susceptible to all acaricides tested. This crucial information will refine strategies for the effective control of ectoparasites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101208"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143348205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101213
Whatmore Munetsi Tagwireyi , Gema Alvarez Garcia , Darshana Morar-Leather , Luis Neves , Peter N. Thompson
Neospora caninum is an intracellular protozoan parasite with a global distribution, known to cause abortions in livestock. This study aimed to determine N. caninum seroprevalence in dairy goats with a history of reproductive failure in South Africa. Blood samples were collected from 131 dairy goats across five farms in three provinces and tested for N. caninum antibodies using the commercial indirect ELISA (IDvet Screen® Neospora caninum), followed with confirmatory testing with western blot (WB). The ELISA detected antibodies in one goat (1/131) [95 % CI: 0–2.8 %], while no positives were detected by WB. While N. caninum infection and associated abortions do not currently pose a major concern, farmers are encouraged to perform surveillance for potential infections.
{"title":"Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum in dairy goats from northern South Africa: A preliminary study","authors":"Whatmore Munetsi Tagwireyi , Gema Alvarez Garcia , Darshana Morar-Leather , Luis Neves , Peter N. Thompson","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Neospora caninum</em> is an intracellular protozoan parasite with a global distribution, known to cause abortions in livestock. This study aimed to determine <em>N. caninum</em> seroprevalence in dairy goats with a history of reproductive failure in South Africa. Blood samples were collected from 131 dairy goats across five farms in three provinces and tested for <em>N. caninum</em> antibodies using the commercial indirect ELISA (IDvet Screen® <em>Neospora caninum</em>), followed with confirmatory testing with western blot (WB). The ELISA detected antibodies in one goat (1/131) [95 % CI: 0–2.8 %], while no positives were detected by WB. While <em>N. caninum</em> infection and associated abortions do not currently pose a major concern, farmers are encouraged to perform surveillance for potential infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101213"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143402736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101211
Muhammad Talha Talib , Amar Nasir , Muhammad Kashif , Abdur Rahman , Aziz Ur Rehman , Haroon Akbar , Ans Nadeem , Daniel Keith Howe , Muhammad Nouman Azam
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anti-Neospora (N.) caninum and anti-N. hughesi antibodies in horses and to appraise the associated risk factors in the two central districts (Jhang and Toba Tek Singh) of Punjab Province, Pakistan. A total of 300 horse sera were analyzed for the presence of antibodies to Neospora spp. using a competitive ELISA. The overall prevalence of antibodies against Neospora species in horses was 25 % (75/300; 95 % CI 20.1–29.9). The prevalence of antibodies to N. caninum and N. hughesi species was 12.3 % (37/300; 95 % CI 8.6–16) and 19.3 % (58/300; 95 % CI 14.8–23.8), respectively. Out of 300 sera samples, 6.7 % (20/300; 95 % CI 3.9–9.5) were screened positive for both Neospora spp. The statistical analysis showed that age, reproductive complications history of mares, the presence of dogs on the farm, and regular deworming practices were the key contributing factors towards Neospora seropositivity in horses. The pregnancy status of the mares was also identified to be a significant risk factor particularly for N. caninum seropositivity, as indicated by odds ratio. The gender of the animals was not observed as a potential risk variable for Neospora antibodies in horses. This study suggests that horses in Pakistan are vulnerable to infection by this protozoan parasite which possesses potential to negatively impact the reproductive performance, requiring pragmatic diagnostic and control measures to prevent its spread on horse farms.
{"title":"Prevalence of anti-N. caninum and anti-N. hughesi antibodies in horses and associated risk factors in two selected equine zones of Punjab, Pakistan","authors":"Muhammad Talha Talib , Amar Nasir , Muhammad Kashif , Abdur Rahman , Aziz Ur Rehman , Haroon Akbar , Ans Nadeem , Daniel Keith Howe , Muhammad Nouman Azam","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anti-<em>Neospora (N.) caninum</em> and anti-<em>N. hughesi</em> antibodies in horses and to appraise the associated risk factors in the two central districts (Jhang and Toba Tek Singh) of Punjab Province, Pakistan. A total of 300 horse sera were analyzed for the presence of antibodies to Neospora spp. using a competitive ELISA. The overall prevalence of antibodies against Neospora species in horses was 25 % (75/300; 95 % CI 20.1–29.9). The prevalence of antibodies to <em>N. caninum</em> and <em>N. hughesi</em> species was 12.3 % (37/300; 95 % CI 8.6–16) and 19.3 % (58/300; 95 % CI 14.8–23.8), respectively. Out of 300 sera samples, 6.7 % (20/300; 95 % CI 3.9–9.5) were screened positive for both Neospora spp. The statistical analysis showed that age, reproductive complications history of mares, the presence of dogs on the farm, and regular deworming practices were the key contributing factors towards Neospora seropositivity in horses. The pregnancy status of the mares was also identified to be a significant risk factor particularly for <em>N. caninum</em> seropositivity, as indicated by odds ratio. The gender of the animals was not observed as a potential risk variable for Neospora antibodies in horses. This study suggests that horses in Pakistan are vulnerable to infection by this protozoan parasite which possesses potential to negatively impact the reproductive performance, requiring pragmatic diagnostic and control measures to prevent its spread on horse farms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101211"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143271905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101214
Travis E. Stoakley , Nicole M. Nemeth , Alisia A.W. Weyna , Ethan Barton , Aidan O'Reilly , Kayla B. Garrett , Victoria A. Andreasen , Will Carlisle , Michael J. Yabsley
Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease that exemplifies the One Health interface due to its global distribution and diversity of hosts in which it can infect and potentially cause disease. While T. gondii, the causative agent of toxoplasmosis, has been well-described in many wildlife taxa, including wild and domestic birds and mammals, there is limited published research on clinical disease in wild lagomorphs and rodents. Furthermore, despite detection in wild lagomorphs in Europe and Australia, T. gondii as a cause of clinical disease has yet to be described in wild lagomorphs in the USA. Here, we describe acute toxoplasmosis as the cause of mortality in a snowshoe hare in West Virginia, USA and an eastern gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) in South Carolina, USA. These infections manifested as severe, acute, multi-organ necrosis (liver, spleen, and lungs) with high numbers of widespread protozoal zoites within affected areas. The mode of T. gondii transmission to the hare and squirrel is unknown but likely was via ingestion of infective oocysts from the environment when foraging or grooming. The potential of wild lagomorph and squirrel populations in the USA to serve as a reservoir for T. gondii has implications for spillover to (1) humans via handling or consuming undercooked meat, and (2) other wildlife such as wild felids that could predate infected lagomorphs and squirrels.
{"title":"Fatal toxoplasmosis in a wild snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus) and eastern gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) from the eastern United States","authors":"Travis E. Stoakley , Nicole M. Nemeth , Alisia A.W. Weyna , Ethan Barton , Aidan O'Reilly , Kayla B. Garrett , Victoria A. Andreasen , Will Carlisle , Michael J. Yabsley","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101214","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101214","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease that exemplifies the One Health interface due to its global distribution and diversity of hosts in which it can infect and potentially cause disease. While <em>T. gondii</em>, the causative agent of toxoplasmosis, has been well-described in many wildlife taxa, including wild and domestic birds and mammals, there is limited published research on clinical disease in wild lagomorphs and rodents. Furthermore, despite detection in wild lagomorphs in Europe and Australia, <em>T. gondii</em> as a cause of clinical disease has yet to be described in wild lagomorphs in the USA. Here, we describe acute toxoplasmosis as the cause of mortality in a snowshoe hare in West Virginia, USA and an eastern gray squirrel (<em>Sciurus carolinensis</em>) in South Carolina, USA. These infections manifested as severe, acute, multi-organ necrosis (liver, spleen, and lungs) with high numbers of widespread protozoal zoites within affected areas. The mode of <em>T. gondii</em> transmission to the hare and squirrel is unknown but likely was via ingestion of infective oocysts from the environment when foraging or grooming. The potential of wild lagomorph and squirrel populations in the USA to serve as a reservoir for <em>T. gondii</em> has implications for spillover to (1) humans via handling or consuming undercooked meat, and (2) other wildlife such as wild felids that could predate infected lagomorphs and squirrels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101214"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号