Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101187
Jomari Rivera Reyes , C. Robert Stilz , Raquel Francisco , Jillian R. Broadhurst , Taylor A. Pearson , Nicole M. Nemeth , Victoria A. Andreasen , Jennifer R. Ballard , Samantha E.J. Gibbs , Thomas Young , Michael J. Yabsley
This report describes a case of generalized knemidokoptic mange caused by Micnemidocoptes sp. in a bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus). In June 2024, an adult male eagle from Polk County, Arkansas, presented with severe skin disease and in a moribund state. The eagle died soon after capture and postmortem examination revealed extensive skin hyperkeratosis with embedded mites. Molecular analysis of a 632 bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene showed the mite was 99.8 % similar to a Micnemidocoptes sp. from a golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) in California and these mites grouped together. This represents a large geographic expansion in the known range of this mite in the United States and a novel host. This case highlights the potential health impact of Micnemidocoptes sp. infestations in raptors, emphasizing the need for increased monitoring among eagles and other raptors to better understand the mite's epidemiology and implications for wildlife health.
{"title":"Generalized knemidokoptic mange (Micnemidocoptes sp.) in a bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) from Arkansas, USA","authors":"Jomari Rivera Reyes , C. Robert Stilz , Raquel Francisco , Jillian R. Broadhurst , Taylor A. Pearson , Nicole M. Nemeth , Victoria A. Andreasen , Jennifer R. Ballard , Samantha E.J. Gibbs , Thomas Young , Michael J. Yabsley","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101187","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101187","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This report describes a case of generalized knemidokoptic mange caused by <em>Micnemidocoptes</em> sp. in a bald eagle (<em>Haliaeetus leucocephalus</em>). In June 2024, an adult male eagle from Polk County, Arkansas, presented with severe skin disease and in a moribund state. The eagle died soon after capture and postmortem examination revealed extensive skin hyperkeratosis with embedded mites. Molecular analysis of a 632 bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene showed the mite was 99.8 % similar to a <em>Micnemidocoptes</em> sp. from a golden eagle (<em>Aquila chrysaetos)</em> in California and these mites grouped together. This represents a large geographic expansion in the known range of this mite in the United States and a novel host. This case highlights the potential health impact of <em>Micnemidocoptes</em> sp. infestations in raptors, emphasizing the need for increased monitoring among eagles and other raptors to better understand the mite's epidemiology and implications for wildlife health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 101187"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143042249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101188
Jitender P. Dubey , Aditya Gupta , Peter C. Thompson , Benjamin Rosenthal , Carolin Humpal , Michelle Carstensen
During a survey for other parasitic infections, tongue and limb muscles of wild bobcats (Lynx rufus) were examined microscopically from a sample of 190 Minnesota bobcats. One batch (n = 50) was studied in 2015, yielding no cases of Trichinella when examined only with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining of <25 mg of tissue. In a 2024 cohort (n = 140), this method was paired with a compression of ∼5 g of tissue. Although these methods were not perfectly suited to the detection of Trichinella, such larvae were nonetheless identified in one specimen. Genetic data confirmed these as Trichinella murrelli, representing the first identification of this species from any host from Minnesota.
{"title":"Infection with the zoonotic nematode, Trichinella murrelli in bobcats (Lynx rufus) from Minnesota, USA","authors":"Jitender P. Dubey , Aditya Gupta , Peter C. Thompson , Benjamin Rosenthal , Carolin Humpal , Michelle Carstensen","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101188","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101188","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During a survey for other parasitic infections, tongue and limb muscles of wild bobcats (<em>Lynx rufus</em>) were examined microscopically from a sample of 190 Minnesota bobcats. One batch (<em>n</em> = 50) was studied in 2015, yielding no cases of <em>Trichinella</em> when examined only with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining of <25 mg of tissue<em>.</em> In a 2024 cohort (<em>n</em> = 140), this method was paired with a compression of ∼5 g of tissue. Although these methods were not perfectly suited to the detection of <em>Trichinella</em>, such larvae were nonetheless identified in one specimen. Genetic data confirmed these as <em>Trichinella murrelli,</em> representing the first identification of this species from any host from Minnesota.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 101188"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143042264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101197
Camilo H. Salazar-Silva , Lucas Aravena , Martín Zamorano-Uribe , Javier Andrade-Hernández , María Carolina Silva-de la Fuente , Armando Cicchino , Sergey Mironov , Lucila Moreno , Pablo Oyarzún-Ruiz
The Chiloe wigeon, Mareca sibilatrix (Anseriformes: Anatidae), is a native duck distributed mainly in Chile and Argentina. Although it is a common species in the Neotropical realm, studies on its parasitic fauna remain limited. This study aimed to gather additional data on host-parasite associations in M. sibilatrix. Thus, 18 birds from Ñuble region, central Chile, were subjected to parasitic examination. Ectoparasites and endoparasites obtained were stored in 70 % and 80 % ethanol, respectively. A total of 787 parasite individuals were isolated; all birds were parasitized by at least one parasite. In 14 (77.7 %) birds, a total of 179 ectoparasites belonging to six taxa were identified. Meanwhile, all dissected birds (100 %) harbored a total of 608 endoparasites belonging to 15 taxa. Ectoparasites corresponded to four taxa of chewing lice (four genera) and two feather mites (two genera). Meanwhile, endoparasites were represented by four tapeworms (four genera), five trematodes (four genera), five nematodes (five genera), and one nasal mite. Of recorded parasite species, two taxa represent new records to the Neotropical realm, 11 taxa (three ectoparasites and eight endoparasites) are new records for the parasitic fauna of Chile, and 15 taxa (three ectoparasites and twelve endoparasites) are recorded for the first time in M. sibilatrix. Additionally, the fluke Echinostoma echinatum is of zoonotic concern. This research contributes with valuable data to the understanding of parasitic diversity in waterfowl and emphasizes the role of M. sibilatrix as a host in various parasitic interactions within its distribution range.
{"title":"The parasitic fauna of the Chiloe wigeon Mareca sibilatrix (Anseriformes: Anatidae) from Ñuble region, Chile","authors":"Camilo H. Salazar-Silva , Lucas Aravena , Martín Zamorano-Uribe , Javier Andrade-Hernández , María Carolina Silva-de la Fuente , Armando Cicchino , Sergey Mironov , Lucila Moreno , Pablo Oyarzún-Ruiz","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Chiloe wigeon, <em>Mareca sibilatrix</em> (Anseriformes: Anatidae), is a native duck distributed mainly in Chile and Argentina. Although it is a common species in the Neotropical realm, studies on its parasitic fauna remain limited. This study aimed to gather additional data on host-parasite associations in <em>M. sibilatrix</em>. Thus, 18 birds from Ñuble region, central Chile, were subjected to parasitic examination. Ectoparasites and endoparasites obtained were stored in 70 % and 80 % ethanol, respectively. A total of 787 parasite individuals were isolated; all birds were parasitized by at least one parasite. In 14 (77.7 %) birds, a total of 179 ectoparasites belonging to six taxa were identified. Meanwhile, all dissected birds (100 %) harbored a total of 608 endoparasites belonging to 15 taxa. Ectoparasites corresponded to four taxa of chewing lice (four genera) and two feather mites (two genera). Meanwhile, endoparasites were represented by four tapeworms (four genera), five trematodes (four genera), five nematodes (five genera), and one nasal mite. Of recorded parasite species, two taxa represent new records to the Neotropical realm, 11 taxa (three ectoparasites and eight endoparasites) are new records for the parasitic fauna of Chile, and 15 taxa (three ectoparasites and twelve endoparasites) are recorded for the first time in <em>M. sibilatrix</em>. Additionally, the fluke <em>Echinostoma echinatum</em> is of zoonotic concern. This research contributes with valuable data to the understanding of parasitic diversity in waterfowl and emphasizes the role of <em>M. sibilatrix</em> as a host in various parasitic interactions within its distribution range.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 101197"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143042287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101191
Nailson de Andrade Neri Júnior , Alessandra Scofield , Anna Klara de Matos Guerreiro , Amanda de Nazaré da Costa Rodrigues , Analiel Serruya , Thyele Chaves da Silva , Leonardo Carvalho Costa , Dallyth Maia da Costa Santos , Felipe Sousa Furtado da Silva , Rodrigo Corrêa Sousa , Paulo Cesar Magalhães Matos , Cinthia Távora de Albuquerque Lopes , Natália da Silva e Silva Silveira
Hemosporidians are intracellular pathogens that infect a range of endothermic and ectothermic hosts and are transmitted by dipteran vectors. These parasites are grouped into four families: Haemoproteidae, Plasmodiidae, Leucocytozoidae, and Garniidae, with the genera Haemoproteus, Plasmodium, and Leucocytozoon being the most common in birds. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to detect the infection frequency of hemosporidians and to perform hematological and biochemical analyses in free-living turkey vultures (Cathartes aura) in the Amazon biome, Brazil. Blood samples were collected from free-living C. aura specimens captured by the wildlife management team at Júlio Cezar Ribeiro International Airport (Val-de-Cans) in Belém, Pará, Brazil. A total of 26C. aura specimens were examined. Parasitological and molecular analyses were conducted to detect hemosporidian infection, and hematological and biochemical analyses were also performed on all birds. Parasite forms suggestive of hemosporidians were observed in blood smears from 42.31 % (11/26) of the birds, while molecular analyses indicated 76.92 % (20/26) of the animals were positive. There was no significant difference in hematological values between the animals infected and those not infected by hemosporidians. In serum biochemistry, there was a significant difference in the albumin/globulin ratio, with higher values in uninfected vultures. It is concluded that Haemoproteus spp./Plasmodium spp. infections occur in C. aura in the Amazon biome. These infections did not cause evident deleterious effects on the health of the examined animals based on hematological results, but there were changes in the albumin/globulin ratio between infected and uninfected groups.
{"title":"Hemosporidian infection in free-living Cathartes aura (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Amazon biome, Pará State, Brazil: Parasitological, molecular, hematological, and biochemical analyses","authors":"Nailson de Andrade Neri Júnior , Alessandra Scofield , Anna Klara de Matos Guerreiro , Amanda de Nazaré da Costa Rodrigues , Analiel Serruya , Thyele Chaves da Silva , Leonardo Carvalho Costa , Dallyth Maia da Costa Santos , Felipe Sousa Furtado da Silva , Rodrigo Corrêa Sousa , Paulo Cesar Magalhães Matos , Cinthia Távora de Albuquerque Lopes , Natália da Silva e Silva Silveira","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hemosporidians are intracellular pathogens that infect a range of endothermic and ectothermic hosts and are transmitted by dipteran vectors. These parasites are grouped into four families: Haemoproteidae, Plasmodiidae, Leucocytozoidae, and Garniidae, with the genera <em>Haemoproteus</em>, <em>Plasmodium</em>, and <em>Leucocytozoon</em> being the most common in birds. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to detect the infection frequency of hemosporidians and to perform hematological and biochemical analyses in free-living turkey vultures (<em>Cathartes aura</em>) in the Amazon biome, Brazil. Blood samples were collected from free-living <em>C. aura</em> specimens captured by the wildlife management team at Júlio Cezar Ribeiro International Airport (Val-de-Cans) in Belém, Pará, Brazil. A total of 26<em>C. aura</em> specimens were examined. Parasitological and molecular analyses were conducted to detect hemosporidian infection, and hematological and biochemical analyses were also performed on all birds. Parasite forms suggestive of hemosporidians were observed in blood smears from 42.31 % (11/26) of the birds, while molecular analyses indicated 76.92 % (20/26) of the animals were positive. There was no significant difference in hematological values between the animals infected and those not infected by hemosporidians. In serum biochemistry, there was a significant difference in the albumin/globulin ratio, with higher values in uninfected vultures. It is concluded that <em>Haemoproteus</em> spp./<em>Plasmodium</em> spp. infections occur in <em>C. aura</em> in the Amazon biome. These infections did not cause evident deleterious effects on the health of the examined animals based on hematological results, but there were changes in the albumin/globulin ratio between infected and uninfected groups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 101191"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143042254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101190
Jaylon Vaughn , Haylie J. Brown , Anthony Ogunbadewa , Solomon Odemuyiwa , Deborah M. Anderson , Samniqueka J. Halsey
The destruction and decline of prairie habitats due to landscape repurposing have profoundly impacted the diversity of plant, animal, and insect life. In the Central United States, the reconstruction of prairie habitats from farmland is a widely applied strategy to raise diversity and recreate a healthy, complex ecosystem. In Central Missouri, we examine the consequences of reconstruction efforts on the prevalence of zoonotic diseases and their associated pathogens by performing tick-flagging at two prairie sites. In doing so, we have observed large populations of Dog ticks, Dermacentor variabilis, and Lone Star ticks, Amblyomma americanum, as well as the first recorded instance of the Gulf Coast tick, Amblyomma maculatum, in Callaway County. The Gulf Coast tick is traditionally found mainly along the Atlantic and Gulf Coast regions but has been undergoing geographic expansion in the last decade. Since detection in 2020, the number of Gulf Coast ticks has increased. Upon screening 193 Gulf Coast ticks in 105 pools via PCR, we found that 6.67 % of ticks were positive for pathogenic Rickettsia parkeri, which causes spotted fever rickettsiosis in animals and humans, with most ticks coming from the reconstructed prairie site. These observations suggest that reconstruction of prairie habitat has the potential to support the sylvatic cycle of Rickettsia parkeri. Collectively, our observations show that the reconstructed prairie are capable of harboring large tick populations as compared to remnant prairies and demonstrates a potential increase in disease risk as a result. This works highlights the importance of proactive surveillance of ticks, especially with land-use change.
{"title":"Detection of Amblyomma maculatum and Rickettsia parkeri in prairies of Central Missouri","authors":"Jaylon Vaughn , Haylie J. Brown , Anthony Ogunbadewa , Solomon Odemuyiwa , Deborah M. Anderson , Samniqueka J. Halsey","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101190","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The destruction and decline of prairie habitats due to landscape repurposing have profoundly impacted the diversity of plant, animal, and insect life. In the Central United States, the reconstruction of prairie habitats from farmland is a widely applied strategy to raise diversity and recreate a healthy, complex ecosystem. In Central Missouri, we examine the consequences of reconstruction efforts on the prevalence of zoonotic diseases and their associated pathogens by performing tick-flagging at two prairie sites. In doing so, we have observed large populations of Dog ticks, <em>Dermacentor variabilis</em>, and Lone Star ticks, <em>Amblyomma americanum</em>, as well as the first recorded instance of the Gulf Coast tick, <em>Amblyomma maculatum,</em> in Callaway County. The Gulf Coast tick is traditionally found mainly along the Atlantic and Gulf Coast regions but has been undergoing geographic expansion in the last decade. Since detection in 2020, the number of Gulf Coast ticks has increased. Upon screening 193 Gulf Coast ticks in 105 pools via PCR, we found that 6.67 % of ticks were positive for pathogenic <em>Rickettsia parkeri,</em> which causes spotted fever rickettsiosis in animals and humans, with most ticks coming from the reconstructed prairie site. These observations suggest that reconstruction of prairie habitat has the potential to support the sylvatic cycle of <em>Rickettsia parkeri</em>. Collectively, our observations show that the reconstructed prairie are capable of harboring large tick populations as compared to remnant prairies and demonstrates a potential increase in disease risk as a result. This works highlights the importance of proactive surveillance of ticks, especially with land-use change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 101190"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143042077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leishmania spp. are sand fly-borne parasitic protozoa of worldwide distribution that may severely affect the health and welfare of dogs as well as of other mammalian species, including humans. Algeria is among the most affected countries, counting several cases of Leishmania infantum infection in humans and dogs. Here, we assessed the occurrence of Leishmania species in both phlebotomine sand fly and dogs in the Guelma region, Northeast of Algeria. Sand flies were collected from July to September 2022, followed by a survey of canine leishmaniasis (CanL) from September 2023 to February 2024. Additionally, to understand the risk of human infection a retrospective data on cases of leishmaniasis recorded in the region from 2012 to 2023 were reported. Sand fly specimens and canine blood samples were tested by quantitative PCR (qPCR) for Leishmania spp., while dog serum samples were processed for anti-L. infantum antibodies detection by immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT). Of the 1478 sand flies (n = 318 females; n = 1160 males), seven species were identified (i.e., Phlebotomus papatasi, Ph. perfiliewi, Ph. sergenti, Ph. perniciosus, Ph. longicuspis, Ph. ariasi, and Sergentomyia minuta). Leishmania spp. was detected in Ph. perniciosus, Ph. perfiliewi, Ph. papatasi, and Ph. sergenti (i.e., 3.7 %; n = 10). The overall seroprevalence rate was 58.2 %, with 1.6 % of dog blood samples positive for L. infantum at molecular screening. Multivariate analysis of the different risk factors revealed that CanL seropositivity was strongly related to dog age (> 1 year) (OR = 8.35, 95 % CI: 3.43–23.93), the autumn season (OR = 2.95, 95 % CI: 1.33–8.62), and lack of insecticide application (OR = 6.69, 95 % CI: 2.61–22.02). A total of 71 human cases of cutaneous (CL) and visceral (VL) leishmaniasis were recorded. Data presented reveal the occurrence of CanL in Guelma region, advocating for control program measures to be implemented in this part of Algeria.
{"title":"Occurrence of Leishmania spp. in phlebotomine sand flies and dogs in Guelma region, North-eastern Algeria","authors":"Ilham Ferdes , Maria Stefania Latrofa , Livia Perles , Marcos Antonio Bezerra-Santos , Bachir Medrouh , Meryem Benmarce , Karim Ouachek , Ahcène Hakem , Ismail Lafri , Domenico Otranto","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101176","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Leishmania</em> spp. are sand fly-borne parasitic protozoa of worldwide distribution that may severely affect the health and welfare of dogs as well as of other mammalian species, including humans. Algeria is among the most affected countries, counting several cases of <em>Leishmania infantum</em> infection in humans and dogs. Here, we assessed the occurrence of <em>Leishmania</em> species in both <em>phlebotomine</em> sand fly and dogs in the Guelma region, Northeast of Algeria. Sand flies were collected from July to September 2022, followed by a survey of canine leishmaniasis (CanL) from September 2023 to February 2024. Additionally, to understand the risk of human infection a retrospective data on cases of leishmaniasis recorded in the region from 2012 to 2023 were reported. Sand fly specimens and canine blood samples were tested by quantitative PCR (qPCR) for <em>Leishmania</em> spp., while dog serum samples were processed for anti-<em>L. infantum</em> antibodies detection by immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT). Of the 1478 sand flies (<em>n</em> = 318 females; <em>n</em> = 1160 males), seven species were identified (i.e., <em>Phlebotomus papatasi, Ph. perfiliewi, Ph. sergenti, Ph. perniciosus, Ph. longicuspis, Ph. ariasi,</em> and <em>Sergentomyia minuta). Leishmania</em> spp. was detected in <em>Ph. perniciosus</em>, <em>Ph. perfiliewi</em>, <em>Ph. papatasi,</em> and <em>Ph. sergenti</em> (i.e., 3.7 %; <em>n</em> = 10). The overall seroprevalence rate was 58.2 %, with 1.6 % of dog blood samples positive for <em>L. infantum</em> at molecular screening. Multivariate analysis of the different risk factors revealed that CanL seropositivity was strongly related to dog age (> 1 year) (OR = 8.35, 95 % CI: 3.43–23.93), the autumn season (OR = 2.95, 95 % CI: 1.33–8.62), and lack of insecticide application (OR = 6.69, 95 % CI: 2.61–22.02). A total of 71 human cases of cutaneous (CL) and visceral (VL) leishmaniasis were recorded. Data presented reveal the occurrence of CanL in Guelma region, advocating for control program measures to be implemented in this part of Algeria.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 101176"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143042273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101185
A. Valeria Scorza , Rebekah J. McMinn , Andrea Chacon , Molly M. Lamb , Ramon E. Medrano , Emma K. Harris , Danilo Alvarez , Maria Renee Lopez , Kareen Arias , Jose Anaya , Daniel Olson , Gregory D. Ebel , Michael R. Lappin
Vector-borne pathogens, which are transmitted by blood-feeding arthropods to animals and people, are common in tropical regions where, combined with economic factors, can cause significant public health burden. A community-level study was undertaken in southwestern Guatemala to assess the presence of vector-borne pathogens in blood samples from humans (n = 98), their animals (n = 90), and ectoparasites (n = 83) over a period of 2 weeks. Human capillary blood was collected from participant's index finger, and animal venous blood (chickens, pigs, dogs, and cats) was collected from the jugular or cephalic veins at the enrollment period of a concurrent study. Ectoparasites (fleas, ticks, and lice) were collected from dogs at the time of the blood collection. Total DNA was extracted from the human blood, animal blood, and ectoparasites and assayed using published PCR assays for Anaplasma spp., Bartonella spp., and Ehrlichia spp. Ectoparasites were also tested for the presence of Rickettsia spp. DNA by PCR. Anaplasma spp. DNA was amplified from 1 of 39 (2.6 %) chickens and 1 of 6 (16.6 %) turkeys. All human and dog blood samples were negative for Bartonella spp. in the same community. Ehrlichia spp. DNA was amplified from 12 (60 %) of 20 dogs and sequencing documented Ehrlichia spp. in 2 dogs and the ticks and fleas collected from these dogs. All the Ehrlichia spp.-positive sequences showed 100 % homology to E. canis sequences and other uncultured Ehrlichia spp. strains isolated from animals. Rickettsia spp. DNA was not amplified from any of the ectoparasites assessed. Our findings suggest that Ehrlichia spp. are common in dogs and Anaplasma spp. are circulating in poultry in a rural community in southwest Guatemala. We expect these results to be used in awareness campaigns and public health interventions to reduce vector borne pathogens in the region.
{"title":"Detection of selected vector-borne pathogens in domestic animals, ectoparasites, and their owners in a rural community in Southwest Guatemala","authors":"A. Valeria Scorza , Rebekah J. McMinn , Andrea Chacon , Molly M. Lamb , Ramon E. Medrano , Emma K. Harris , Danilo Alvarez , Maria Renee Lopez , Kareen Arias , Jose Anaya , Daniel Olson , Gregory D. Ebel , Michael R. Lappin","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vector-borne pathogens, which are transmitted by blood-feeding arthropods to animals and people, are common in tropical regions where, combined with economic factors, can cause significant public health burden. A community-level study was undertaken in southwestern Guatemala to assess the presence of vector-borne pathogens in blood samples from humans (<em>n</em> = 98), their animals (<em>n</em> = 90), and ectoparasites (<em>n</em> = 83) over a period of 2 weeks. Human capillary blood was collected from participant's index finger, and animal venous blood (chickens, pigs, dogs, and cats) was collected from the jugular or cephalic veins at the enrollment period of a concurrent study. Ectoparasites (fleas, ticks, and lice) were collected from dogs at the time of the blood collection. Total DNA was extracted from the human blood, animal blood, and ectoparasites and assayed using published PCR assays for <em>Anaplasma</em> spp., <em>Bartonella</em> spp., and <em>Ehrlichia</em> spp. Ectoparasites were also tested for the presence of <em>Rickettsia</em> spp. DNA by PCR. <em>Anaplasma</em> spp. DNA was amplified from 1 of 39 (2.6 %) chickens and 1 of 6 (16.6 %) turkeys. All human and dog blood samples were negative for <em>Bartonella</em> spp. in the same community. <em>Ehrlichia</em> spp. DNA was amplified from 12 (60 %) of 20 dogs and sequencing documented <em>Ehrlichia</em> spp. in 2 dogs and the ticks and fleas collected from these dogs. All the <em>Ehrlichia</em> spp.-positive sequences showed 100 % homology to <em>E. canis</em> sequences and other uncultured <em>Ehrlichia</em> spp. strains isolated from animals. <em>Rickettsia</em> spp. DNA was not amplified from any of the ectoparasites assessed. Our findings suggest that <em>Ehrlichia</em> spp. are common in dogs and <em>Anaplasma</em> spp. are circulating in poultry in a rural community in southwest Guatemala. We expect these results to be used in awareness campaigns and public health interventions to reduce vector borne pathogens in the region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 101185"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143042115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101179
Grace K. Nichol , Diana D. Lucarelli , Shaun J. Dergousoff , J. Scott Weese , Amy L. Greer , Katie M. Clow
Traditionally, the most commonly encountered Dermacentor spp. (Acari: Ixodidae) in southern British Columbia, Canada has been Dermacentor andersoni Stiles. However, with the novel detection of Dermacentor similis Lado in southern British Columbia, environmental sampling for Dermacentor spp. is needed to provide up-to-date information on which ticks are present in this area. Drag sampling was conducted at 33 sites across southern British Columbia, covering 2000 m2 per site. Environmental and weather data were recorded at the time of sampling. The only Dermacentor spp. collected was D. andersoni, with these ticks found at 10 sites. Univariable mixed-effect Poisson regression models with a random effect for site were used to investigate the relationship between transect-level environmental variables and the number of D. andersoni collected within a transect. As soil moisture decreased, the number of D. andersoni collected increased. No other relationships were detected. This study suggests that D. andersoni remains present in southern British Columbia and may be affected by the environmental variable of soil moisture. It also provides evidence that coupling different tick collection methods, for example, environmental and host sampling, has benefit in providing a more complete picture of the tick species present in an area.
{"title":"Environmental sampling for Dermacentor species (Acari: Ixodidae) in southern British Columbia, Canada in May, 2022","authors":"Grace K. Nichol , Diana D. Lucarelli , Shaun J. Dergousoff , J. Scott Weese , Amy L. Greer , Katie M. Clow","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101179","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditionally, the most commonly encountered <em>Dermacentor</em> spp. (Acari: Ixodidae) in southern British Columbia, Canada has been <em>Dermacentor andersoni</em> Stiles. However, with the novel detection of <em>Dermacentor similis</em> Lado in southern British Columbia, environmental sampling for <em>Dermacentor</em> spp. is needed to provide up-to-date information on which ticks are present in this area. Drag sampling was conducted at 33 sites across southern British Columbia, covering 2000 m<sup>2</sup> per site. Environmental and weather data were recorded at the time of sampling. The only <em>Dermacentor</em> spp. collected was <em>D. andersoni</em>, with these ticks found at 10 sites. Univariable mixed-effect Poisson regression models with a random effect for site were used to investigate the relationship between transect-level environmental variables and the number of <em>D. andersoni</em> collected within a transect. As soil moisture decreased, the number of <em>D. andersoni</em> collected increased. No other relationships were detected. This study suggests that <em>D. andersoni</em> remains present in southern British Columbia and may be affected by the environmental variable of soil moisture. It also provides evidence that coupling different tick collection methods, for example, environmental and host sampling, has benefit in providing a more complete picture of the tick species present in an area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 101179"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143042169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101182
Ian Scott, Kevin E. Lawrence, Erica K. Gee
Shortened egg reappearance periods (ERP) have been seen as an early warning of anthelmintic resistance development in cyathostomins in horses. The hypothesis has been that in these instances, efficacy against egg laying adult cyathostomins remains high, but a decline in activity against later larval stages leads to the earlier resumption of egg shedding after treatment. In this study using a single herd of horses we investigated the ERP of a number of commonly used equine anthelmintics and examined whether ERP might show seasonal variation between winter and summer. Four main Faecal egg count reduction tests (FECRT1–4) were conducted respectively in Winter (Jun/Jul) 2019, Summer (Jan/Feb) 2020, Winter 2020 and Summer 2021. The tests examined the efficacy and ERP of ivermectin, moxidectin, abamectin and fenbendazole. Egg counts of two groups of horses were monitored before and for 6–7 weeks after treatment - however long it took for counts to return to at least 10 % of what they had been before treatment. One additional FECRT was also conducted, using a second abamectin-containing product (FECRT5 - Spring 2020). Treatment with ivermectin (FECRT1–4), moxidectin (FECRT 1–2) and the first abamectin product tested (FECRT3) all reduced egg counts by >99 % for 4 weeks after treatment, with ERP of 5–7 weeks and with minimal differences between the 3 treatments. There was a tendency for counts to rise more rapidly in summer, and in the second year of testing as opposed to the first. Both the second abamectin product (FECRT5) and the fenbendazole (FECRT4) were found to be ineffective, reducing egg counts immediately after treatment by 68 and 52 % respectively.
{"title":"Egg reappearance periods associated with anthelmintic treatments given to horses in winter and summer over two years","authors":"Ian Scott, Kevin E. Lawrence, Erica K. Gee","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shortened egg reappearance periods (ERP) have been seen as an early warning of anthelmintic resistance development in cyathostomins in horses. The hypothesis has been that in these instances, efficacy against egg laying adult cyathostomins remains high, but a decline in activity against later larval stages leads to the earlier resumption of egg shedding after treatment. In this study using a single herd of horses we investigated the ERP of a number of commonly used equine anthelmintics and examined whether ERP might show seasonal variation between winter and summer. Four main Faecal egg count reduction tests (FECRT1–4) were conducted respectively in Winter (Jun/Jul) 2019, Summer (Jan/Feb) 2020, Winter 2020 and Summer 2021. The tests examined the efficacy and ERP of ivermectin, moxidectin, abamectin and fenbendazole. Egg counts of two groups of horses were monitored before and for 6–7 weeks after treatment - however long it took for counts to return to at least 10 % of what they had been before treatment. One additional FECRT was also conducted, using a second abamectin-containing product (FECRT5 - Spring 2020). Treatment with ivermectin (FECRT1–4), moxidectin (FECRT 1–2) and the first abamectin product tested (FECRT3) all reduced egg counts by >99 % for 4 weeks after treatment, with ERP of 5–7 weeks and with minimal differences between the 3 treatments. There was a tendency for counts to rise more rapidly in summer, and in the second year of testing as opposed to the first. Both the second abamectin product (FECRT5) and the fenbendazole (FECRT4) were found to be ineffective, reducing egg counts immediately after treatment by 68 and 52 % respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 101182"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143042121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ticks serve as vectors and reservoirs for a variety of pathogens, including protozoa, bacteria, and viruses, that cause tick-borne diseases in both humans and livestock. Despite their widespread distribution, their genetic diversity and population structure in Xizang have not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, sheep ticks were identified from four counties by microscopy, followed by genetic analysis of Dermacentor everestianus populations in Xizang based on mitochondrial 16S rRNA and cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene sequences. D. everestianus was the predominant species and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed nine haplotypes with seven nucleotide variations, showing a mean haplotype diversity (Hd) of 0.505 and mean nucleotide diversity (Pi) of 0.00129. Similarly, the COI sequences revealed 28 haplotypes with 26 nucleotide variations, yielding a mean Hd of 0.828 and a mean Pi of 0.00279. Molecular variance analysis (AMOVA) indicated that most genetic variation occurs within populations. In addition, neutral test analyses suggested potential bottleneck events in the D. everestianus populations. The haplotype network had a star-like distribution with the common haplotypes A1, A2, B1, and B5. The phylogenetic tree separated haplotypes of both genes into two branches on the haplotype network indicating no distinct geographical clustering. This study is the first to highlight the prevalence of D. everestianus in Xizang, revealing moderate genetic differentiation among the four populations, possibly due to host mobility. This intensive investigation of genetic variation and population structure contributes valuable insights into the current population genetics of D. everestianus in Xizang, China.
{"title":"Identification and analysis of the genetic diversity of Dermacentor everestianus using mitochondrial 16S rRNA and COI sequences in the Xizang Autonomous Region of China","authors":"Xialing Zhao, Lamu Danqu, Bin Shi, Wenqiang Tang, Zengqiang Liu, Chenyang Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ticks serve as vectors and reservoirs for a variety of pathogens, including protozoa, bacteria, and viruses, that cause tick-borne diseases in both humans and livestock. Despite their widespread distribution, their genetic diversity and population structure in Xizang have not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, sheep ticks were identified from four counties by microscopy, followed by genetic analysis of <em>Dermacentor everestianus</em> populations in Xizang based on mitochondrial 16S rRNA and cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene sequences. <em>D. everestianus</em> was the predominant species and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed nine haplotypes with seven nucleotide variations, showing a mean haplotype diversity (<em>H</em><sub><em>d</em></sub>) of 0.505 and mean nucleotide diversity (<em>P</em><sub><em>i</em></sub>) of 0.00129. Similarly, the COI sequences revealed 28 haplotypes with 26 nucleotide variations, yielding a mean <em>H</em><sub><em>d</em></sub> of 0.828 and a mean <em>P</em><sub><em>i</em></sub> of 0.00279. Molecular variance analysis (AMOVA) indicated that most genetic variation occurs within populations. In addition, neutral test analyses suggested potential bottleneck events in the <em>D. everestianus</em> populations. The haplotype network had a star-like distribution with the common haplotypes A1, A2, B1, and B5. The phylogenetic tree separated haplotypes of both genes into two branches on the haplotype network indicating no distinct geographical clustering. This study is the first to highlight the prevalence of <em>D. everestianus</em> in Xizang, revealing moderate genetic differentiation among the four populations, possibly due to host mobility. This intensive investigation of genetic variation and population structure contributes valuable insights into the current population genetics of <em>D. everestianus</em> in Xizang, China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 101180"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143042258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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