Pub Date : 2023-05-22DOI: 10.1080/09507116.2023.2203532
Kai Funaki, Y. Morisada, T. Fukasawa, Y. Abe, H. Fujii
Abstract Friction stir welding (FSW) has been widely used in the welding of low melting point metal, such as Al alloy or Cu alloy. However, high melting point metal, such as Fe alloy, it is difficult to be welded by FSW because of short life or the high price of FSW tools. Silicon nitride tool can have both long life and low cost. In order to obtain design guideline for silicon nitride FSW tool, the relationship between the mechanical properties and tool life was examined. Two silicon nitride materials which had different microstructure were prepared. One of them had lower high-temperature mechanical properties and the other had higher properties. Tools made by them could join the SUS 304 plate under the following conditions; welding speed was lower than 1000 mm/min, and revolutional pitch was lower than 1.8 mm/r. Even the tool which had excellent mechanical properties at high temperature worn faster when the joining temperature was 950 °C or higher. The tool with excellent high-temperature mechanical properties had a tool life 6 times longer than the other tool. It is considered the life of the tool was improved when the crystallization of the grain boundary phase promoted the rise in the melting point of the grain boundary phase and the precipitation of silicon oxide during FSW.
{"title":"Effect of silicon nitride microstructure on characteristics of FSW tool for steel and tool life","authors":"Kai Funaki, Y. Morisada, T. Fukasawa, Y. Abe, H. Fujii","doi":"10.1080/09507116.2023.2203532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09507116.2023.2203532","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Friction stir welding (FSW) has been widely used in the welding of low melting point metal, such as Al alloy or Cu alloy. However, high melting point metal, such as Fe alloy, it is difficult to be welded by FSW because of short life or the high price of FSW tools. Silicon nitride tool can have both long life and low cost. In order to obtain design guideline for silicon nitride FSW tool, the relationship between the mechanical properties and tool life was examined. Two silicon nitride materials which had different microstructure were prepared. One of them had lower high-temperature mechanical properties and the other had higher properties. Tools made by them could join the SUS 304 plate under the following conditions; welding speed was lower than 1000 mm/min, and revolutional pitch was lower than 1.8 mm/r. Even the tool which had excellent mechanical properties at high temperature worn faster when the joining temperature was 950 °C or higher. The tool with excellent high-temperature mechanical properties had a tool life 6 times longer than the other tool. It is considered the life of the tool was improved when the crystallization of the grain boundary phase promoted the rise in the melting point of the grain boundary phase and the precipitation of silicon oxide during FSW.","PeriodicalId":23605,"journal":{"name":"Welding International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48704869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-08DOI: 10.1080/09507116.2023.2203967
Mayu Miyagawa, Tetsuya Uchimura, K. Koshiba, T. Iizuka, K. Tatsumi
Abstract Stainless steel is applied in a wide range of fields as a material with high heat and corrosion resistance. Welding, brazing, and solid-phase bonding are the most common joining techniques for stainless steel. Conventional joining methods have issues such as local thermal distortion of the joining area and the need for high-temperature heat treatment at 800–1000 °C. In this paper, we investigated a new joining technique for stainless steel. With the aim of establishing a new joining technology for stainless steel, we joined stainless steel using the Ni Micro-Plating Bonding method (NMPB) and evaluated the shear stress and the tensile stress of the joints. The joining process is performed at about 55 °C, followed by heat treatment at a relatively low temperature of 300 °C or higher. Shear and tensile tests were conducted on the NMPB joined SUS304, and the results showed that the shear stress was 114 MPa and the tensile stress was 77 MPa without annealing. After heat treatment at 300–400 °C for 1.5h, the shear stress of 200 MPa and the tensile stress of 240 MPa were obtained. In addition, the heat treatment at 600–800 °C for 1.5h resulted in the shear stress of 230 MPa and the tensile stress of 400 MPa. The plating crystallographic structure before heat treatment showed preferential orientation to <001>, but after heat treatment, recrystallization progressed beyond the boundary interface at 400 °C or higher, and a non-oriented crystalline was observed.
{"title":"A new method of joining stainless steels using Ni micro-plating bonding and the mechanical properties of the joint","authors":"Mayu Miyagawa, Tetsuya Uchimura, K. Koshiba, T. Iizuka, K. Tatsumi","doi":"10.1080/09507116.2023.2203967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09507116.2023.2203967","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Stainless steel is applied in a wide range of fields as a material with high heat and corrosion resistance. Welding, brazing, and solid-phase bonding are the most common joining techniques for stainless steel. Conventional joining methods have issues such as local thermal distortion of the joining area and the need for high-temperature heat treatment at 800–1000 °C. In this paper, we investigated a new joining technique for stainless steel. With the aim of establishing a new joining technology for stainless steel, we joined stainless steel using the Ni Micro-Plating Bonding method (NMPB) and evaluated the shear stress and the tensile stress of the joints. The joining process is performed at about 55 °C, followed by heat treatment at a relatively low temperature of 300 °C or higher. Shear and tensile tests were conducted on the NMPB joined SUS304, and the results showed that the shear stress was 114 MPa and the tensile stress was 77 MPa without annealing. After heat treatment at 300–400 °C for 1.5h, the shear stress of 200 MPa and the tensile stress of 240 MPa were obtained. In addition, the heat treatment at 600–800 °C for 1.5h resulted in the shear stress of 230 MPa and the tensile stress of 400 MPa. The plating crystallographic structure before heat treatment showed preferential orientation to <001>, but after heat treatment, recrystallization progressed beyond the boundary interface at 400 °C or higher, and a non-oriented crystalline was observed.","PeriodicalId":23605,"journal":{"name":"Welding International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43490875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-04DOI: 10.1080/09507116.2023.2218562
Christopher Jose Chittilappilly, S. Bag, A. Karani
Abstract The liquid metal embrittlement (LME) severity is a significant concern in the fusion welding of Zn-coated steel. The LME severity in galvannealed (GA) interstitial free (IF) steel processed through microplasma arc welding (MPAW) is investigated. The weld geometry, microstructure and mechanical properties of the 0.8 mm thin butt-welded structure are evaluated to check the welding quality. Optical microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) of the weld surface are considered to observe any LME cracks. The high-temperature tensile test is executed on GA-IF steel to simulate external stress-free MPAW conditions. The ultimate tensile strength of the welded joint is more than that of the base material, and it is LME-free, which signifies that the current MPAW system can be successfully used for joining GA-IF steel. The microstructure of the weld zone is having large grain structure and much more hardness than the base material. Even the high-temperature tension test does not show any LME cracks. Approximately, one-third of yield strength is reduced as the temperature rises from 600 °C to 700 °C. Overall, the parametric domain for MPAW of GA IF steel is successfully evaluated, which can produce any LME-free weld.
{"title":"Evaluation of liquid metal embrittlement-free weld by micro-plasma arc welding of Zn-coated interstitial free steel","authors":"Christopher Jose Chittilappilly, S. Bag, A. Karani","doi":"10.1080/09507116.2023.2218562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09507116.2023.2218562","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The liquid metal embrittlement (LME) severity is a significant concern in the fusion welding of Zn-coated steel. The LME severity in galvannealed (GA) interstitial free (IF) steel processed through microplasma arc welding (MPAW) is investigated. The weld geometry, microstructure and mechanical properties of the 0.8 mm thin butt-welded structure are evaluated to check the welding quality. Optical microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) of the weld surface are considered to observe any LME cracks. The high-temperature tensile test is executed on GA-IF steel to simulate external stress-free MPAW conditions. The ultimate tensile strength of the welded joint is more than that of the base material, and it is LME-free, which signifies that the current MPAW system can be successfully used for joining GA-IF steel. The microstructure of the weld zone is having large grain structure and much more hardness than the base material. Even the high-temperature tension test does not show any LME cracks. Approximately, one-third of yield strength is reduced as the temperature rises from 600 °C to 700 °C. Overall, the parametric domain for MPAW of GA IF steel is successfully evaluated, which can produce any LME-free weld.","PeriodicalId":23605,"journal":{"name":"Welding International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47121644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-04DOI: 10.1080/09507116.2023.2202949
Tohru Okada, H. Ueda, K. Matsuda, Y. Miyazaki, Masanori Yasuyama, H. Fujii
Abstract Advanced high strength steel sheet (AHSS) is widely used in the automotive body for weight reduction and the improvement of crash performance. For example, TS1500 MPa class hot stamped steel (1500HS steel) sheet is applied to many vehicle models. However, there is a concern that performance of spot welded joints will decline as steel strength increases. In order to further expand the application of AHSS, it is very important to have knowledge about the characteristics of spot welded joints. In this report, we investigated the tensile shear strength (TSS) of the 1500HS steel sheet. Then, we compared the joint strength and failure position of the same kind material joints and the dissimilar material joints with the 1500HS steel sheet in case of the plug failure. As a result, it was found that TSS of dissimilar material joints depend on base metal strength on lower strength steel side. However, fracture occurred on the 1500HS steel side except for joints with large difference of base metal strength. The mechanism is thought that the effect of strain concentration at the edge of nugget on the 1500HS steel side due to the increase of rotational deformation around the nugget.
{"title":"Effect of strength of steel sheets on tensile shear strength and failure mode of dissimilar joint of spot welds","authors":"Tohru Okada, H. Ueda, K. Matsuda, Y. Miyazaki, Masanori Yasuyama, H. Fujii","doi":"10.1080/09507116.2023.2202949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09507116.2023.2202949","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Advanced high strength steel sheet (AHSS) is widely used in the automotive body for weight reduction and the improvement of crash performance. For example, TS1500 MPa class hot stamped steel (1500HS steel) sheet is applied to many vehicle models. However, there is a concern that performance of spot welded joints will decline as steel strength increases. In order to further expand the application of AHSS, it is very important to have knowledge about the characteristics of spot welded joints. In this report, we investigated the tensile shear strength (TSS) of the 1500HS steel sheet. Then, we compared the joint strength and failure position of the same kind material joints and the dissimilar material joints with the 1500HS steel sheet in case of the plug failure. As a result, it was found that TSS of dissimilar material joints depend on base metal strength on lower strength steel side. However, fracture occurred on the 1500HS steel side except for joints with large difference of base metal strength. The mechanism is thought that the effect of strain concentration at the edge of nugget on the 1500HS steel side due to the increase of rotational deformation around the nugget.","PeriodicalId":23605,"journal":{"name":"Welding International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49507001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-04DOI: 10.1080/09507116.2023.2202967
Tohru Okada, H. Ueda, Y. Miyazaki, Masanori Yasuyama, H. Fujii
Abstract Advanced high strength steel sheet (AHSS) is widely used in the automotive body for weight reduction and the improvement of crash performance. Peel tensile strength of spot welds tends to decrease as the steel sheet strength increases. Therefore, in order to further expand the application of AHSS, technology to prevent fracture of spot welds is required. In order to achieve that, it is necessary to understand the characteristics of spot-welded joints and clarify the controlling factors. However, most of the conventional joint strength evaluations have been conducted on the same kind material joints, and there are few systematic studies on the joint strength and fracture mode of dissimilar material joints that are often used in actual vehicles. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to obtain a guideline for grasping the characteristics of dissimilar joints in case of the plug failure. Using various joint shapes, we compared the peel tensile strength and failure position of the same kind material joints and the dissimilar material joints with the TS1500 MPa class hot-stamped steel sheet. As a result, it was found that the deformation behaviour of the test piece affects the joint strength and fracture position of the dissimilar material joints. Specifically, in dissimilar material joints, cross tension joints and double cup-shape tension joints tended to break on the TS1500 MPa class hot-stamped steel side. On the other hand, L-shape tension joints broke on the lower strength material side. From these results, it is considered important to understand their deformation behaviour in order to analyse and predict the fracture phenomenon of spot welds in actual vehicles and automotive parts.
{"title":"Effect of strength of steel sheets on peel tensile strength and failure mode of dissimilar joint of spot welds","authors":"Tohru Okada, H. Ueda, Y. Miyazaki, Masanori Yasuyama, H. Fujii","doi":"10.1080/09507116.2023.2202967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09507116.2023.2202967","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Advanced high strength steel sheet (AHSS) is widely used in the automotive body for weight reduction and the improvement of crash performance. Peel tensile strength of spot welds tends to decrease as the steel sheet strength increases. Therefore, in order to further expand the application of AHSS, technology to prevent fracture of spot welds is required. In order to achieve that, it is necessary to understand the characteristics of spot-welded joints and clarify the controlling factors. However, most of the conventional joint strength evaluations have been conducted on the same kind material joints, and there are few systematic studies on the joint strength and fracture mode of dissimilar material joints that are often used in actual vehicles. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to obtain a guideline for grasping the characteristics of dissimilar joints in case of the plug failure. Using various joint shapes, we compared the peel tensile strength and failure position of the same kind material joints and the dissimilar material joints with the TS1500 MPa class hot-stamped steel sheet. As a result, it was found that the deformation behaviour of the test piece affects the joint strength and fracture position of the dissimilar material joints. Specifically, in dissimilar material joints, cross tension joints and double cup-shape tension joints tended to break on the TS1500 MPa class hot-stamped steel side. On the other hand, L-shape tension joints broke on the lower strength material side. From these results, it is considered important to understand their deformation behaviour in order to analyse and predict the fracture phenomenon of spot welds in actual vehicles and automotive parts.","PeriodicalId":23605,"journal":{"name":"Welding International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47742249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-04DOI: 10.1080/09507116.2023.2224106
O. Adedipe, Abdulrahman Bala Gambo, J. Abutu, O. Olugboji, Joseph Babalola Agboola, K. T. Obanimomo, A. Abdulrahman
Abstract Due to the detrimental effect of damage induced by seawater in pipeline structures, there is a need to investigate the effects of natural seawater and air environments on mechanical properties of representative pipeline materials, to obtain useful data for estimation of their service lives. Hence, in this work, a X70 steel pipeline plate was welded using submerged arc welding technique; and subjected to air and natural seawater environments. Test specimens were soaked in seawater for twelve months at 28 °C. The parent plates, weld regions and the heat affected zones were investigated by evaluating their mechanical properties and fracture surfaces. The experimental findings revealed that the tensile strengths of parent and weld were 634.00 MPa and 674.00 MPa respectively, while the compressive stresses were 750.10 MPa and 750.40 MPa respectively with highest hardness value of 239HV. The findings also revealed that weld area and heat affected zone depend on material thickness, heat input and possible effect of residual stresses in the weldment. The fracture surfaces of test specimens showed combination of brittle and ductile failure mechanisms. Comparison of the test results revealed that seawater had significant effect on the mechanical properties and surface morphology of the API X70 steel pipeline with respect to immersion time.
{"title":"An evaluation of mechanical properties and estimation of environmental reduction factors in welded API X70 steel pipeline in natural seawater","authors":"O. Adedipe, Abdulrahman Bala Gambo, J. Abutu, O. Olugboji, Joseph Babalola Agboola, K. T. Obanimomo, A. Abdulrahman","doi":"10.1080/09507116.2023.2224106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09507116.2023.2224106","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Due to the detrimental effect of damage induced by seawater in pipeline structures, there is a need to investigate the effects of natural seawater and air environments on mechanical properties of representative pipeline materials, to obtain useful data for estimation of their service lives. Hence, in this work, a X70 steel pipeline plate was welded using submerged arc welding technique; and subjected to air and natural seawater environments. Test specimens were soaked in seawater for twelve months at 28 °C. The parent plates, weld regions and the heat affected zones were investigated by evaluating their mechanical properties and fracture surfaces. The experimental findings revealed that the tensile strengths of parent and weld were 634.00 MPa and 674.00 MPa respectively, while the compressive stresses were 750.10 MPa and 750.40 MPa respectively with highest hardness value of 239HV. The findings also revealed that weld area and heat affected zone depend on material thickness, heat input and possible effect of residual stresses in the weldment. The fracture surfaces of test specimens showed combination of brittle and ductile failure mechanisms. Comparison of the test results revealed that seawater had significant effect on the mechanical properties and surface morphology of the API X70 steel pipeline with respect to immersion time.","PeriodicalId":23605,"journal":{"name":"Welding International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44018327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-26DOI: 10.1080/09507116.2023.2203966
T. Mizuguchi, Masatoshi Sukemiya, Takumi Yoneji, Daichi Miyata
Abstract Effect of Al or Ti addition on the ferrite formation in ultra-low oxygen (about a few tens ppm) weld metal of low carbon steels were investigated. A bead-on-plate welding experiments were performed with a Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding system. The double nozzle was attached to the welding torch used, Ar was passed along the outer nozzle and He is added along the inner nozzle. Optical micrographs showed that primary ferrite appeared along prior austenite grain boundaries and that as the temperature is decreased ferrite side plates were grew into grain interior. Their formation positions were approached to the welding end as the decreasing Al and increasing Ti content. This change in ferrite formation position attributed on the ferrite formation temperature, which was assumed to increase as the decreasing Al and increasing Ti content. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis of inclusions showed that Al and Ti were mainly associated with 0, it was obvious that the inclusions in the steels were Al- and Ti- oxide inclusions. Al-oxide inclusions were not favourable acicular ferrite nucleation sites and the inclusions contributing to acicular ferrite formation were Ti-oxide ones. The number density of acicular ferrite was small. This indicated that acicular ferrite formation was suppressed because the number density of inclusions was low under the ultra-low oxygen welding condition.
{"title":"Effect of Al or Ti addition on the ferrite formation in ultra-low oxygen weld metal of low carbon steel","authors":"T. Mizuguchi, Masatoshi Sukemiya, Takumi Yoneji, Daichi Miyata","doi":"10.1080/09507116.2023.2203966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09507116.2023.2203966","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Effect of Al or Ti addition on the ferrite formation in ultra-low oxygen (about a few tens ppm) weld metal of low carbon steels were investigated. A bead-on-plate welding experiments were performed with a Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding system. The double nozzle was attached to the welding torch used, Ar was passed along the outer nozzle and He is added along the inner nozzle. Optical micrographs showed that primary ferrite appeared along prior austenite grain boundaries and that as the temperature is decreased ferrite side plates were grew into grain interior. Their formation positions were approached to the welding end as the decreasing Al and increasing Ti content. This change in ferrite formation position attributed on the ferrite formation temperature, which was assumed to increase as the decreasing Al and increasing Ti content. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis of inclusions showed that Al and Ti were mainly associated with 0, it was obvious that the inclusions in the steels were Al- and Ti- oxide inclusions. Al-oxide inclusions were not favourable acicular ferrite nucleation sites and the inclusions contributing to acicular ferrite formation were Ti-oxide ones. The number density of acicular ferrite was small. This indicated that acicular ferrite formation was suppressed because the number density of inclusions was low under the ultra-low oxygen welding condition.","PeriodicalId":23605,"journal":{"name":"Welding International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46858091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-17DOI: 10.1080/09507116.2023.2202342
Mohmad Arz-ud-din shah, I. A. Maekai
Abstract Submerged arc welding (SAW) is a type of welding process having wide range of applications like in fabrication of pressure vessel, pipe line, off shore structures, oil industry, etc., because of its high melting efficiency, high production rate and automation. Weld input factors such as welding voltage, welding current, travel speed, nozzle to plate distance and electrode diameter have a significant impact on the standard of created weld bead. Response surface methodology is used in the present work to find out the influence of welding voltage, welding current and travel speed on weld bead geometry. Face centred central composite design technique of RSM is used for Design of Experiment. It has been discovered that weld bead width grows with higher welding voltage but there is decrease in weld bead height, with increase in welding current there is increase in both weld bead width and weld bead height also but when travel speed is increased there is decrease in both weld bead width and weld bead height. The genetic algorithm for minimization of both weld bead width and height is also done. The predicted results from the created mathematical model, optimized model and the related experimental result are in good agreement.
{"title":"Statistical modelling and optimization of clad characteristics in SAW welding of SS-304","authors":"Mohmad Arz-ud-din shah, I. A. Maekai","doi":"10.1080/09507116.2023.2202342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09507116.2023.2202342","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Submerged arc welding (SAW) is a type of welding process having wide range of applications like in fabrication of pressure vessel, pipe line, off shore structures, oil industry, etc., because of its high melting efficiency, high production rate and automation. Weld input factors such as welding voltage, welding current, travel speed, nozzle to plate distance and electrode diameter have a significant impact on the standard of created weld bead. Response surface methodology is used in the present work to find out the influence of welding voltage, welding current and travel speed on weld bead geometry. Face centred central composite design technique of RSM is used for Design of Experiment. It has been discovered that weld bead width grows with higher welding voltage but there is decrease in weld bead height, with increase in welding current there is increase in both weld bead width and weld bead height also but when travel speed is increased there is decrease in both weld bead width and weld bead height. The genetic algorithm for minimization of both weld bead width and height is also done. The predicted results from the created mathematical model, optimized model and the related experimental result are in good agreement.","PeriodicalId":23605,"journal":{"name":"Welding International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47848818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/09507116.2023.2193519
Takuya Kato, Ryo Ashida, K. Ikushima, Shintaro Maeda, Kento Ozaki, H. Nagaki, Toru Omae, M. Shibahara
Abstract In order to investigate the effect of gas cutting during removal of constraint jig plates on deformation after submerged arc welding, the authors have conducted the experiments on a series of processes using a constraint jig plates in a test specimen modeling the deck of a steel bridge. In this paper, an Idealized explicit FEM developed by the authors is applied to investigate in detail the factors that cause springback deformation during the gas cutting of the constraint jig plates. A series of welding and cutting processes using a constraint jig plates were modeled, and then a three-dimensional thermo-elastic-plastic analysis was performed using the Idealized explicit FEM. As a result, it is confirmed that the experimental and analytical results were in good agreement, and the validity of the analysis method was demonstrated. In addition, it is found that the inherent deformation during gas cutting had a significant influence on the springback deformation by the numerical analysis. Then, we proposed a simplified mechanical model to estimate the deformation during gas cutting. As a result, it was found that the proposed mechanical model showed quantitatively good agreement with the springback deformation.
{"title":"Study on influence of gas cutting on welding deformation after submerged arc welding at removing constraint jig plates","authors":"Takuya Kato, Ryo Ashida, K. Ikushima, Shintaro Maeda, Kento Ozaki, H. Nagaki, Toru Omae, M. Shibahara","doi":"10.1080/09507116.2023.2193519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09507116.2023.2193519","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In order to investigate the effect of gas cutting during removal of constraint jig plates on deformation after submerged arc welding, the authors have conducted the experiments on a series of processes using a constraint jig plates in a test specimen modeling the deck of a steel bridge. In this paper, an Idealized explicit FEM developed by the authors is applied to investigate in detail the factors that cause springback deformation during the gas cutting of the constraint jig plates. A series of welding and cutting processes using a constraint jig plates were modeled, and then a three-dimensional thermo-elastic-plastic analysis was performed using the Idealized explicit FEM. As a result, it is confirmed that the experimental and analytical results were in good agreement, and the validity of the analysis method was demonstrated. In addition, it is found that the inherent deformation during gas cutting had a significant influence on the springback deformation by the numerical analysis. Then, we proposed a simplified mechanical model to estimate the deformation during gas cutting. As a result, it was found that the proposed mechanical model showed quantitatively good agreement with the springback deformation.","PeriodicalId":23605,"journal":{"name":"Welding International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44092878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/09507116.2023.2207750
Aravinda Pai, I. Sogalad, S. Basavarajappa
Abstract Hot wire Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) process is selected for the fabrication of thick section modified 9Cr 1Mo steel components of Steam Generators (SGs) for 500MWe Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) at Kalpakkam, India. During the welding procedure qualification for fabrication of SGs, the 30 mm and 62 mm thick modified 9Cr 1Mo steel welds were subjected to chemical analysis, visual examination, liquid penetrant examination, radiography examination, micro-hardness tests, longitudinal and transverse tensile tests (at ambient temperature and 525 °C), bend tests, drop weight tests and impact tests (at 0 °C and +18 °C). Literature reveals both positive and negative view on the welding of thick-section steel components. Limited information is available in the open literature on the effect of thickness on material properties of modified 9Cr 1Mo steel welds made by the hot wire GTAW method. In view of the above, authors attempted to systematically investigate the influence of thickness on the mechanical properties of modified 9Cr 1Mo steel welds made by the hot wire GTAW process. In this paper, the chemical compositions, hardness, tensile strength, bending strength and impact properties of 30 mm and 62 mm thick welds produced by narrow gap hot wire GTAW process are characterized and compared. It is found that the mechanical properties of 30 mm and 62 mm thick welds are comparable except the impact properties at 0 °C. The impact strength at 0 °C for a 62 mm thick weld was found inferior in comparison with a 30 mm thick weld.
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