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Comparative analysis of water quality index and river classification in Kereh River, Penang, Malaysia: Impact of untreated swine wastewater from Kampung Selamat pig farms. 马来西亚槟城凯雷河水质指数和河流分类比较分析Kampung Selamat 养猪场未经处理的猪废水的影响。
IF 2.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1002/wer.11095
Maisarah Nasution Waras, Muhammad Azrul Zabidi, Zikrullah Ismail, Mageswari Sangaralingam, Amirah Mohd Gazzali, Mohammad Syamsul Reza Harun, Mohd Yusmaidie Aziz, Rafeezul Mohamed, Mohd Nadzri Mohd Najib

The Kereh River in Penang, Malaysia, has faced severe pollution for over 40 years due to untreated wastewater from swine farms in Kampung Selamat, discharged via stormwater drains. Despite official claims that all 77 swine farms treat their wastewater to meet regulatory standards, local non-governmental organizations and villagers have challenged this, though their concerns lack scientific backing. This study evaluates the river's water quality by analyzing samples from upstream (US), midstream (MS), and downstream (DS), and from Parit Cina-Parit Besar, a conduit for untreated swine wastewater. Fourteen parameters were measured against Malaysia's National Water Quality Standards (NWQS). Significant differences were found in six parameters: ammonium nitrogen (AN), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved oxygen (DO), total suspended solids (TSS), and oil and grease (OG). While Dunn's post hoc pairwise comparison showed no significant differences among river segments, mean values indicated increased pollution downstream, particularly after the convergence with untreated swine wastewater. River classification worsened, with water quality index dropping from 69.88 ± 11.37 score (Class III) US to 38.49 ± 12.74 and 50.44 ± 3.14 scores (Class IV) MS and downstream, respectively. A significant positive correlation between E. coli and AN (r = 0.71, p < 0.01) suggests a common point source pollutant, particularly the untreated swine wastewater. The river exhibits low oxygen levels and high organic matter and nutrient concentrations, especially MS and downstream, highlighting substantial ecological and public health risks. Effective enforcement of waste treatment regulations and enhanced monitoring are crucial for mitigating pollution and restoring the river's ecosystem. Collaboration between authorities and pig farmers is essential to improve water quality and maintain the river's ecological balance. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Severe Kereh River pollution: Untreated swine wastewater from Kampung Selamat pig farms, primarily via Parit Cina-Parit Besar, has degraded the river for over 40 years. Regulatory non-compliance: Despite official claims, untreated swine wastewater continues to pollute the river, challenging regulatory standards. Significant pollution indicators: Elevated levels of AN, BOD, COD, DO, TSS, OG, and E. coli signal severe pollution midstream and downstream. Water quality index drop: WQI scores classify midstream and downstream sections as polluted, indicating worsening conditions downstream. Urgent need for action: Enforcing regulations, improving wastewater treatment, and relocating pig farms are crucial for restoring the Kereh River.

马来西亚槟榔屿的凯雷河 40 多年来一直面临严重污染,原因是甘榜雪拉玛(Kampung Selamat)养猪场未经处理的废水通过雨水渠排放。尽管官方声称所有 77 家养猪场都对废水进行了处理,以达到监管标准,但当地非政府组织和村民对此提出了质疑,尽管他们的担忧缺乏科学依据。本研究通过分析上游(US)、中游(MS)、下游(DS)以及 Parit Cina-Parit Besar(一条未经处理的猪场废水通道)的样本来评估河流的水质。根据马来西亚国家水质标准(NWQS)测量了 14 个参数。结果发现,氨氮 (AN)、生化需氧量 (BOD)、化学需氧量 (COD)、溶解氧 (DO)、总悬浮固体 (TSS) 和油脂 (OG) 这六个参数存在显著差异。虽然邓恩事后配对比较显示各河段之间没有显著差异,但平均值表明下游污染加剧,特别是在与未经处理的猪场废水汇合之后。河流分级恶化,水质指数从美国的 69.88 ± 11.37 分(III 级)分别降至 MS 和下游的 38.49 ± 12.74 分和 50.44 ± 3.14 分(IV 级)。大肠杆菌与 AN 之间存在明显的正相关性(r = 0.71,p
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引用次数: 0
Accurate prediction and intelligent control of COD and other parameters removal from pharmaceutical wastewater using electrocoagulation coupled with catalytic ozonation process. 利用电凝耦合催化臭氧工艺去除制药废水中 COD 和其他参数的精确预测和智能控制。
IF 2.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1002/wer.11099
Yujie Li, Chen Li, Yunhan Jia, Zhenbei Wang, Yatao Liu, Zitan Zhang, Xingyu DuanChen, Amir Ikhlaq, Jolanta Kumirska, Ewa Maria Siedlecka, Oksana Ismailova, Fei Qi

In this study, we employed the response surface method (RSM) and the long short-term memory (LSTM) model to optimize operational parameters and predict chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal in the electrocoagulation-catalytic ozonation process (ECOP) for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment. Through RSM simulation, we quantified the effects of reaction time, ozone dose, current density, and catalyst packed rate on COD removal. Then, the optimal conditions for achieving a COD removal efficiency exceeding 50% were identified. After evaluating ECOP performance under optimized conditions, LSTM predicted COD removal (56.4%), close to real results (54.6%) with a 0.2% error. LSTM outperformed RSM in predictive capacity for COD removal. In response to the initial COD concentration and effluent discharge standards, intelligent adjustment of operating parameters becomes feasible, facilitating precise control of the ECOP performance based on this LSTM model. This intelligent control strategy holds promise for enhancing the efficiency of ECOP in real pharmaceutical wastewater treatment scenarios. PRACTITIONER POINTS: This study utilized the response surface method (RSM) and the long short-term memory (LSTM) model for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment optimization. LSTM predicted COD removal (56.4%) closely matched experimental results (54.6%), with a minimal error of 0.2%. LSTM demonstrated superior predictive capacity, enabling intelligent parameter adjustments for enhanced process control. Intelligent control strategy based on LSTM holds promise for improving electrocoagulation-catalytic ozonation process efficiency in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment.

在本研究中,我们采用响应面法(RSM)和长短期记忆(LSTM)模型来优化操作参数,并预测用于制药废水处理的电凝催化臭氧工艺(ECOP)的化学需氧量(COD)去除率。通过 RSM 仿真,我们量化了反应时间、臭氧剂量、电流密度和催化剂填充率对 COD 去除率的影响。然后,确定了使 COD 去除率超过 50%的最佳条件。在对优化条件下的 ECOP 性能进行评估后,LSTM 预测的 COD 去除率(56.4%)接近实际结果(54.6%),误差为 0.2%。LSTM 的 COD 去除预测能力优于 RSM。根据最初的 COD 浓度和污水排放标准,对运行参数进行智能调整是可行的,这有助于在 LSTM 模型的基础上精确控制 ECOP 的性能。这种智能控制策略有望提高 ECOP 在实际制药废水处理场景中的效率。实践要点:本研究利用响应面法(RSM)和长短期记忆(LSTM)模型进行制药废水处理优化。LSTM 预测的 COD 去除率(56.4%)与实验结果(54.6%)非常接近,误差最小为 0.2%。LSTM 展示了卓越的预测能力,可通过智能参数调整来增强过程控制。基于 LSTM 的智能控制策略有望提高制药废水处理中的电凝催化臭氧工艺效率。
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引用次数: 0
The seasonal variation and ecological risk of microplastics in the Lower Ganges River, Bangladesh. 孟加拉国恒河下游微塑料的季节变化和生态风险。
IF 2.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1002/wer.11103
Md Anamul Hassan, Mabia Hossain Shetu, Osman Miah, Fahmida Parvin, Mashura Shammi, Shafi M Tareq

Microplastic (MP) pollution has gained considerable attention in various ecosystems; however, it has received relatively less attention in freshwater-riverine environments than in other ecosystems. The Ganges River Delta, one of the world's most densely populated areas, is a potential source of MP pollution in the freshwater ecosystem. MPs were identified throughout the year in the lower Ganges River water. Seasonally, the highest abundance was observed during the monsoon (14.66 ± 2.06 MPs/L), followed by the pre-monsoon (13.46 ± 1.75 MPs/L) and post-monsoon (11.50 ± 0.40 MPs/L). Throughout the year, MP discharge was estimated at 4.12 × 1012 to 2.17 × 1013 MPs/year. Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy identified plastic polymers in the water, like ethylene vinyl acetate, polystyrene, polypropylene, polyethylene, and nylon. Moderate contamination by MPs was assessed throughout the year. Significant correlations between MP abundance and both rainfall and discharge were observed. It is essential to implement preventative measures in the Ganges River Basin to mitigate MP pollution before the situation worsens. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Throughout the year, MP concentration ranged from 10.67 to 20.33 MPs/L The highest MP occurrence was observed in the monsoon season (14.66 ± 2.06 MPs/L) The lowest abundance was detected in the post-monsoon period (11.50 ± 0.40 MPs/L) There was a moderate level of MP contamination in the lower Ganges River water It was shown that discharge and rainfall were correlated with MP abundance.

微塑料(MP)污染在各种生态系统中都得到了相当多的关注;然而,与其他生态系统相比,淡水-河流环境中的微塑料污染受到的关注相对较少。恒河三角洲是世界上人口最稠密的地区之一,也是淡水生态系统中 MP 污染的潜在来源。在恒河下游的水体中,全年都能发现 MPs。从季节上看,季风期(14.66 ± 2.06 MPs/L)的MPs含量最高,其次是季风前(13.46 ± 1.75 MPs/L)和季风后(11.50 ± 0.40 MPs/L)。全年的 MP 排放量估计为 4.12 × 1012 至 2.17 × 1013 MPs/年。傅立叶变换红外光谱法确定了水中的塑料聚合物,如乙烯-醋酸乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯、聚乙烯和尼龙。全年都有中度的 MP 污染。观察到 MP 丰度与降雨量和排水量之间存在明显的相关性。必须在恒河流域实施预防措施,在情况恶化之前减轻 MP 污染。实践点:季风季节的 MP 出现率最高(14.66 ± 2.06 MPs/L),季风过后的 MP 丰度最低(11.50 ± 0.40 MPs/L)。
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引用次数: 0
Integrating vision-based AI and large language models for real-time water pollution surveillance. 整合基于视觉的人工智能和大型语言模型,实现水污染实时监控。
IF 2.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1002/wer.11092
Dinesh Jackson Samuel, Yusuf Sermet, David Cwiertny, Ibrahim Demir

Water pollution has become a major concern in recent years, affecting over 2 billion people worldwide, according to UNESCO. This pollution can occur by either naturally, such as algal blooms, or man-made when toxic substances are released into water bodies like lakes, rivers, springs, and oceans. To address this issue and monitor surface-level water pollution in local water bodies, an informative real-time vision-based surveillance system has been developed in conjunction with large language models (LLMs). This system has an integrated camera connected to a Raspberry Pi for processing input frames and is further linked to LLMs for generating contextual information regarding the type, causes, and impact of pollutants on both human health and the environment. This multi-model setup enables local authorities to monitor water pollution and take necessary steps to mitigate it. To train the vision model, seven major types of pollutants found in water bodies like algal bloom, synthetic foams, dead fishes, oil spills, wooden logs, industrial waste run-offs, and trashes were used for achieving accurate detection. ChatGPT API has been integrated with the model to generate contextual information about pollution detected. Thus, the multi-model system can conduct surveillance over water bodies and autonomously alert local authorities to take immediate action, eliminating the need for human intervention. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Combines cameras and LLMs with Raspberry Pi for processing and generating pollutant information. Uses YOLOv5 to detect algal blooms, synthetic foams, dead fish, oil spills, and industrial waste. Supports various modules and environments, including drones and mobile apps for broad monitoring. Educates on environmental healthand alerts authorities about water pollution.

近年来,水污染已成为人们关注的一个主要问题,据联合国教科文组织统计,全球有 20 多亿人受到水污染的影响。这种污染既可能是自然造成的,如藻类大量繁殖;也可能是人为造成的,如有毒物质被释放到湖泊、河流、泉水和海洋等水体中。为解决这一问题并监测当地水体的地表水污染情况,我们结合大型语言模型(LLM)开发了一种基于视觉的信息实时监控系统。该系统有一个与树莓派(Raspberry Pi)相连的集成摄像头,用于处理输入帧,并进一步与大型语言模型(LLMs)相连,生成有关污染物类型、成因以及对人类健康和环境影响的上下文信息。这种多模型设置使地方当局能够监测水污染,并采取必要措施减轻污染。为了训练视觉模型,我们使用了在水体中发现的七种主要污染物,如藻类大量繁殖、合成泡沫、死鱼、溢油、木头、工业废水径流和垃圾,以实现精确检测。ChatGPT 应用程序接口已与模型集成,以生成有关检测到的污染的上下文信息。因此,多模型系统可以对水体进行监控,并自动提醒地方当局立即采取行动,无需人工干预。实践点:将摄像头和 LLM 与 Raspberry Pi 相结合,用于处理和生成污染物信息。使用 YOLOv5 检测藻华、合成泡沫、死鱼、漏油和工业废物。支持各种模块和环境,包括用于广泛监测的无人机和移动应用程序。开展环境健康教育,并向有关部门发出水污染警报。
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引用次数: 0
Chromium (VI) removal by magnetite nanoparticles immobilized with extracellular polymeric substances extracted from Lysinibacillus sp. WH. 用从溶血芽孢杆菌提取的胞外聚合物物质固定的磁铁矿纳米颗粒去除铬(Ⅵ) WH.
IF 2.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1002/wer.11102
Phoomipat Jungcharoen, Phawida Mekhin, Jiratchaya Seelaphat, Prasit Thongbai, Jindarat Ekprasert

Magnetite nanoparticles (nano-Fe3O4) and nano-Fe3O4 immobilized with bacterial extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) extracted from Lysinibacillus sp. WH (Fe3O4/bact) were comparatively studied for the removal of Cr (VI) ions from aqueous solution in batch study. The objectives were to explore the removal of Cr (VI) efficiency by nano-Fe3O4 and Fe3O4/bact under varying bacterial concentrations at a range of acidic pH. Results indicated that 150 ppm Cr (VI) could be effectively removed by 5 g/L of nano-Fe3O4 at pH 4, with the efficiency of 89.2 ± 12%. The equilibrium time, determined by a pseudo-second-order model (R2 = 0.9983), was after 5 h, indicating chemical adsorption. The Cr (VI) removal by the nano-Fe3O4 immobilized with bacterial EPS was effective and steady under a wide range of acidic conditions although bacterial EPS has an alkaline nature. Here, we are the first to demonstrate that Cr (VI) removal efficiency by different concentrations of EPS was not significantly different, suggesting EPS concentration is possibly not the most crucial factor to be optimized for Cr (VI) removal in the future. This study shows the potential application of nano-Fe3O4 immobilized with bacterial EPS for wastewater treatment. PRACTITIONER POINTS: The equilibrium time for magnetite nanoparticles to remove Cr (VI) is 5 h, suggesting chemical adsorption. The Cr (VI) removal efficiency of either magnetite nanoparticles or bacterial EPS is stable under a wide range of acidic conditions. Magnetite nanoparticles immobilized with bacterial EPS extracted from Lysinibacillus sp. WH has a potential application for Cr (VI) removal in wastewater.

批量研究了磁铁矿纳米颗粒(纳米-Fe3O4)和固定了从 Lysinibacillus sp. WH 提取的细菌胞外聚合物质(EPSs)的纳米-Fe3O4(Fe3O4/bact)去除水溶液中六价铬离子的效果。研究目的是探讨在酸性 pH 值范围内,不同细菌浓度下纳米氧化铁和 Fe3O4/bact 对六价铬的去除效率。结果表明,在 pH 值为 4 时,5 g/L 的纳米氧化铁可有效去除 150 ppm 的六(六)铬,去除率为 89.2 ± 12%。根据假二阶模型(R2 = 0.9983)确定的平衡时间为 5 小时后,这表明存在化学吸附作用。虽然细菌 EPS 具有碱性,但固定了细菌 EPS 的纳米 Fe3O4 在各种酸性条件下都能有效、稳定地去除 Cr (VI)。在此,我们首次证明了不同浓度的 EPS 对六价铬的去除效率没有显著差异,这表明 EPS 浓度可能不是未来去除六价铬的最关键因素。这项研究表明,用细菌 EPS 固定纳米氧化铁具有应用于废水处理的潜力。实践点:磁铁矿纳米颗粒去除 Cr (VI) 的平衡时间为 5 h,表明存在化学吸附作用。在各种酸性条件下,磁铁矿纳米颗粒或细菌 EPS 的六(Cr)去除率都很稳定。从溶血芽孢杆菌 WH 中提取的细菌 EPS 固定化磁铁矿纳米颗粒具有去除废水中六价铬的潜在应用价值。
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引用次数: 0
Enhanced forward osmosis desalination of brackish water using phase-separating ternary organic draw solutions of hydroxypropyl cellulose and propylene glycol propyl ether. 使用羟丙基纤维素和丙二醇丙基醚的相分离三元有机汲取溶液对苦咸水进行强化正渗透脱盐。
IF 2.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1002/wer.11110
Kudzai Hamish Ruzvidzo, Raminder Kaur, Manish Jain

This study introduces draw solutions for application in forward osmosis (FO) processes, combining mono propylene glycol propyl ether (PGPE) with the cellulose derivative hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC). A total of 16 unique single-solute and ternary organic draw solutions were prepared and evaluated, leading to the selection of three promising solutions for further investigation. Notably, eight of the initial organic draw solutions demonstrated osmotic pressures exceeding 2.4 MPa. The dynamic viscosities of all draw solutions exhibited a significant reduction with increasing temperature. Among the investigated solutions, the 0.25HPC-3.75PGPE demonstrated the most favorable FO performance, achieving average experimental water fluxes of 11.062 and 9.852 Lm-2 h-1 (LMH) against a 1 g/L NaCl brackish feed solution across two FO runs. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC, MW ~100,000) was mixed with propylene glycol propyl ether (PGPE) as draw solutes for FO processes. Seven combinations of HPC and PGPE produced osmolalities greater than 1000 mOsm/kg. 0.5HPC-7.5PGPE ternary draw solution achieved experimental water fluxes of 11.062 and 9.852 LMH against 1 g/L NaCl brackish feed solution. Leveraging the LCSTs of these ternary organic solutions holds promise for improved separation and regeneration processes.

本研究介绍了应用于正渗透(FO)工艺的牵引溶液,将单丙二醇丙基醚(PGPE)与纤维素衍生物羟丙基纤维素(HPC)结合在一起。共制备和评估了 16 种独特的单溶液和三元有机汲取溶液,最终选择了三种有前景的溶液进行进一步研究。值得注意的是,8 种初始有机拉伸溶液的渗透压超过了 2.4 兆帕。所有汲取溶液的动态粘度都随着温度的升高而显著降低。在所研究的溶液中,0.25HPC-3.75PGPE 表现出最理想的 FO 性能,在两次 FO 运行中,相对于 1 g/L NaCl 苦咸水进料溶液,平均实验水通量分别达到 11.062 和 9.852 Lm-2 h-1(LMH)。实践要点:羟丙基纤维素(HPC,分子量约为 100,000 )与丙二醇丙醚(PGPE)混合,作为 FO 工艺的牵引溶质。HPC 和 PGPE 的七种组合产生的渗透压大于 1000 mOsm/kg。0.5HPC-7.5PGPE 三元汲取溶液对 1 g/L NaCl 苦咸水进料溶液的实验水通量分别达到 11.062 和 9.852 LMH。利用这些三元有机溶液的 LCST,有望改进分离和再生工艺。
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引用次数: 0
A hybrid approach to improvement of watershed water quality modeling by coupling process-based and deep learning models. 通过耦合基于过程的模型和深度学习模型,改进流域水质建模的混合方法。
IF 2.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1002/wer.11079
Dae Seong Jeong, Heewon Jeong, Jin Hwi Kim, Joon Ha Kim, Yongeun Park

Watershed water quality modeling to predict changing water quality is an essential tool for devising effective management strategies within watersheds. Process-based models (PBMs) are typically used to simulate water quality modeling. In watershed modeling utilizing PBMs, it is crucial to effectively reflect the actual watershed conditions by appropriately setting the model parameters. However, parameter calibration and validation are time-consuming processes with inherent uncertainties. Addressing these challenges, this research aims to address various challenges encountered in the calibration and validation processes of PBMs. To achieve this, the development of a hybrid model, combining uncalibrated PBMs with data-driven models (DDMs) such as deep learning algorithms is proposed. This hybrid model is intended to enhance watershed modeling by integrating the strengths of both PBMs and DDMs. The hybrid model is constructed by coupling an uncalibrated Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) with a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). SWAT, a representative PBM, is constructed using geographical information and 5-year observed data from the Yeongsan River Watershed. The output variables of the uncalibrated SWAT, such as streamflow, suspended solids (SS), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP), as well as observed precipitation for the day and previous day, are used as training data for the deep learning model to predict the TP load. For the comparison, the conventional SWAT model is calibrated and validated to predict the TP load. The results revealed that TP load simulated by the hybrid model predicted the observed TP better than that predicted by the calibrated SWAT model. Also, the hybrid model reflects seasonal variations in the TP load, including peak events. Remarkably, when applied to other sub-basins without specific training, the hybrid model consistently outperformed the calibrated SWAT model. In conclusion, application of the SWAT-LSTM hybrid model could be a useful tool for decreasing uncertainties in model calibration and improving the overall predictive performance in watershed modeling. PRACTITIONER POINTS: We aimed to enhance process-based models for watershed water-quality modeling. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool-Long Short-Term Memory hybrid model's predicted and total phosphorus (TP) matched the observed TP. It exhibited superior predictive performance when applied to other sub-basins. The hybrid model will overcome the constraints of conventional modeling. It will also enable more effective and efficient modeling.

预测水质变化的流域水质模型是在流域内制定有效管理策略的重要工具。基于过程的模型(PBM)通常用于模拟水质模型。在利用 PBM 进行流域建模时,通过适当设置模型参数来有效反映实际流域条件至关重要。然而,参数校准和验证过程耗时且存在固有的不确定性。为应对这些挑战,本研究旨在解决 PBM 校准和验证过程中遇到的各种难题。为此,我们提出开发一种混合模型,将未经校准的 PBM 与数据驱动模型(DDM)(如深度学习算法)相结合。该混合模型旨在通过整合 PBM 和 DDM 的优势来加强流域建模。该混合模型是通过将未经校准的水土评估工具(SWAT)与长短期记忆(LSTM)相结合而构建的。SWAT 是一种具有代表性的 PBM,它是利用地理信息和灵山江流域的 5 年观测数据构建的。未经校准的 SWAT 输出变量,如河水流量、悬浮固体(SS)、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP),以及当天和前一天的观测降水量,被用作深度学习模型预测 TP 负荷的训练数据。为了进行比较,对传统的 SWAT 模型进行了校准和验证,以预测 TP 负荷。结果显示,混合模型模拟的 TP 负荷比校准过的 SWAT 模型预测的观测 TP 更准确。此外,混合模型还反映了 TP 负荷的季节性变化,包括峰值事件。值得注意的是,在没有经过特定训练的情况下,将混合模型应用于其他子流域时,混合模型的表现始终优于经过校准的 SWAT 模型。总之,SWAT-LSTM 混合模型的应用可以作为一种有用的工具,减少模型校准中的不确定性,提高流域模型的整体预测性能。实践要点:我们的目标是为流域水质建模增强基于过程的模型。水土评估工具-长短期记忆混合模型的预测结果和总磷(TP)与观测到的总磷(TP)相吻合。在应用于其他子流域时,该模型表现出更优越的预测性能。混合模型将克服传统建模的限制。它还将使建模更加有效和高效。
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引用次数: 0
Ecological and geological security risk assessment of underground space development in cold and arid canyon cities-Taking Ping'an District, Haidong City, Qinghai Province, as an example. 寒冷干旱峡谷城市地下空间开发生态与地质安全风险评估--以青海省海东市平安区为例
IF 2.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1002/wer.11113
Shuaiwei Wang, Weichao Sun, Hongming Peng, Youjing Yuan, Xiuyan Wang, Changli Liu

The ecological and geological problems caused by the rise of groundwater level due to the development of underground space in cold and arid canyon cities are particularly typical. Reasonably assessing the ecological and geological security risks of utilizing underground space is conducive to reducing the occurrence of ecological and geological problems during the construction and operation of underground engineering projects. Taking Ping'an District of Haidong City as an example, the topography and geomorphology of the research area were investigated in the field, and the distribution of topography and geomorphology in the research area was understood; through geological drilling and geotechnical engineering testing, the distribution of different strata in the research area was obtained; through pumping and seepage experiments, the recharge, runoff, and discharge relationship between surface water and groundwater in the research area and the water abundance of different strata are obtained, and the causes and mechanisms of geological safety risks in forest and grassland ecosystems, farmland ecosystems, and human settlements ecosystems were analyzed based on literature. Corresponding ecological geological safety risk assessment index systems and methods were established, and the ecological geological safety risks before and after the development of underground rail transit projects along both banks of the Huangshui River in the study area were evaluated. PRACTITIONER POINTS: The development of underground space in canyon type cities can easily lead to ecological and geological problems. Taking Haidong City, Qinghai Province, as an example, this study investigates the causes of ecological and geological problems caused by the development of underground spaces in canyon type cities. An ecological geological security risk assessment index system and method for canyon-type cities were established. An evaluation was conducted on the ecological and geological safety risks before and after the development of the underground rail transit projects on both sides of the research area.

在寒冷干旱的峡谷城市,因地下空间开发导致地下水位上升而引发的生态地质问题尤为典型。合理评估地下空间利用的生态地质安全风险,有利于减少地下工程项目建设和运营过程中生态地质问题的发生。以海东市平安区为例,对研究区的地形、地貌进行了实地调查,了解了研究区的地形、地貌分布情况;通过地质钻探和岩土工程测试,掌握了研究区不同地层的分布情况;通过抽水、渗水试验,掌握研究区地表水与地下水的补给、径流、排泄关系及不同地层的丰水性,并根据文献资料分析森林草原生态系统、农田生态系统、人居生态系统地质安全风险的成因和机理。建立了相应的生态地质安全风险评价指标体系和方法,对研究区湟水河两岸地下轨道交通工程开发前后的生态地质安全风险进行了评价。实践要点:峡谷型城市地下空间开发容易引发生态地质问题。本研究以青海省海东市为例,探讨了峡谷型城市地下空间开发引发生态地质问题的原因。建立了峡谷型城市生态地质安全风险评估指标体系和方法。对研究区域两侧地下轨道交通项目开发前后的生态地质安全风险进行了评估。
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引用次数: 0
Activated carbon adsorption for mitigating the harmful effects of antibiotics on the biological activated sludge: Effect on heterotrophic kinetics through respirometry. 活性炭吸附减轻抗生素对生物活性污泥的有害影响:通过呼吸测定对异养动力学的影响。
IF 2.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1002/wer.11086
Eva Díaz, Laura García-Menéndez, Juan Carlos Leyva-Díaz, Salvador Ordóñez

Conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are not designed for the abatement of antibiotics, and their effluents are one of the main entry ways of these emerging contaminants to the aquatic environment, causing major concern due to their toxicity, persistence, and bioaccumulation. When wastewater containing antibiotics enters the bioreactor, they can impact microbial communities of the activated sludge, affecting biodegradation processes of organic matter and nutrients. There is scarce information about the effect of activated carbon on the activated sludge within the bioreactor in presence of antibiotics. In light of this, the effect of representative antibiotics, ciprofloxacin (CIP), nalidixic acid (NAL), and erythromycin (ERY), on the performance of a conventional activated sludge of a WWTP was analyzed by respirometry with and without activated carbon. NAL and ERY negatively affected the net heterotrophic biomass growth rate (r'x,H), with reduction percentages of 26%-90% and 31%-81%, respectively. The addition of activated carbon mitigated this effect, especially for ERY, with increments of even 8% in the r'x,H for the hybrid process when working with 5 ppm of ERY and 80 ppm of activated carbon compared with the value in the absence of antibiotic and activated carbon. This effect was attributed to the enhanced retention of ERY, in comparison to NAL, on the surface of the activated carbon, probably due to its higher molecular size and affinity towards the activated carbon (log Kow = 3.06). This effect was more marked at low sludge retention times (below 8 days). PRACTITIONER POINTS: Ciprofloxacin (CIP), nalidixic acid (NAL), and erythromycin (ERY) were studied. NAL and ERY exerted negative impact on heterotrophic growth rate. Effect of antibiotics on microorganisms in the presence of activated carbon was studied. Activated carbon was mainly relevant for ERY due to its adsorption retention. Enhancement by activated carbon was more significant at low sludge retention times.

传统的污水处理厂(WWTPs)并不是为减少抗生素而设计的,其污水是这些新出现的污染物进入水生环境的主要途径之一,由于其毒性、持久性和生物累积性,引起了人们的极大关注。当含有抗生素的废水进入生物反应器时,它们会影响活性污泥中的微生物群落,影响有机物和营养物质的生物降解过程。目前有关抗生素存在时活性炭对生物反应器内活性污泥的影响的信息很少。有鉴于此,我们通过呼吸测定法分析了环丙沙星(CIP)、萘啶酸(NAL)和红霉素(ERY)等代表性抗生素对污水处理厂传统活性污泥性能的影响。NAL 和 ERY 对净异养生物量增长率(r'x,H)产生了负面影响,降低率分别为 26%-90% 和 31%-81%。添加活性碳可减轻这种影响,尤其是对ERY的影响,在使用5 ppm ERY和80 ppm活性碳的混合工艺中,r'x,H甚至比不使用抗生素和活性碳时增加了8%。与 NAL 相比,ERY 在活性炭表面的滞留能力更强,这可能是由于ERY 的分子尺寸更大,对活性炭的亲和力更高(log Kow = 3.06)。在污泥停留时间较短(低于 8 天)时,这种效果更为明显。实践点:研究了环丙沙星(CIP)、萘啶酸(NAL)和红霉素(ERY)。NAL和ERY对异养菌生长率有负面影响。研究了抗生素在活性炭存在下对微生物的影响。由于活性炭的吸附保留作用,它主要与ERY有关。在污泥停留时间较短的情况下,活性炭的增强作用更为显著。
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引用次数: 0
Fluoride geochemistry in groundwater at regulated industrial sites. 受管制工业场地地下水中的氟地球化学。
IF 2.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1002/wer.11105
Andrew Fowler, Nigel Goulding, Shanna Law

Few studies apply geochemical concepts governing fluoride fate and transport in natural waters to geochemical conditions at contaminated industrial sites. This has negative implications for designing sampling and compliance monitoring programs and informing remediation decision-making. We compiled geochemical data for 566 groundwater samples from industrial waste streams associated with elevated fluoride and that span a range of geochemical conditions, including alkaline spent potliner, near-neutral pH coal combustion, and acidic gypsum stack impoundments. Like natural systems, elevated fluoride (hundreds to thousands of ppm) exists at the pH extremes and is generally tens of ppm at near-neutral pH conditions. Geochemical models identify pH-dependent fluoride complexation at low pH and carbonate stability at high pH as dominant processes controlling fluoride mobility. Limitations in available thermochemical, kinetic rate, and adsorption/desorption data and lack of complete analyses present uncertainties in quantitative models used to assess fluoride mobility at industrial sites. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Geochemical fundamentals of fluoride fate and transport in groundwater are communicated for environmental practitioners. Fluoride is a reactive constituent in groundwater, and factors that govern attenuation are identified. Geochemical models are useful for identifying fluoride attenuation processes, but quantitative use is limited by thermodynamic data uncertainties.

很少有研究将自然水体中氟化物归宿和迁移的地球化学概念应用于受污染工业场地的地球化学条件。这对设计采样和合规性监测计划以及为修复决策提供信息具有负面影响。我们汇编了 566 个地下水样本的地球化学数据,这些样本来自与氟化物升高有关的工业废物流,涵盖了一系列地球化学条件,包括碱性乏燃料、pH 值接近中性的燃煤和酸性石膏堆蓄水池。与自然系统一样,高浓度氟化物(几百到几千 ppm)存在于 pH 值极端的地方,而在 pH 值接近中性的条件下一般只有几十 ppm。地球化学模型确定,在低 pH 值条件下与 pH 值相关的氟化物络合和在高 pH 值条件下的碳酸盐稳定性是控制氟化物流动性的主要过程。现有热化学、动力学速率和吸附/解吸数据的局限性以及缺乏完整的分析,给用于评估工业场地氟化物流动性的定量模型带来了不确定性。实践点:向环境从业人员介绍地下水中氟化物归宿和迁移的地球化学基础知识。氟是地下水中的活性成分,并指出了影响衰减的因素。地球化学模型有助于确定氟化物的衰减过程,但由于热力学数据的不确定性,其定量使用受到限制。
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引用次数: 0
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Water Environment Research
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