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Pretreatment for potable reuse: Enhancing the biological removal of 1,4-dioxane from landfill leachate through cometabolism with tetrahydrofuran. 饮用水再利用的预处理:通过与四氢呋喃的彗星代谢作用,提高垃圾填埋场渗滤液中 1,4-dioxane 的生物去除率。
IF 2.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1002/wer.11108
Hannah Stohr, Rohan Menon, Micaela Griffin, James Sabo, Mike Martin, Brian Brazil, Charles Bott

1,4-Dioxane is a probable human carcinogen and a persistent aquatic contaminant. Cometabolic biodegradation of 1,4-dioxane is a promising low-cost and effective treatment technology; however, further demonstration is needed for treating landfill leachate. This technology was tested in two full-scale moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs) treating raw landfill leachate with tetrahydrofuran selected as the cometabolite. The raw leachate contained on average 82 μg/L of 1,4-dioxane and before testing the MBBRs removed an average of 38% and 42% of 1,4-dioxane, respectively. First, tetrahydrofuran was added to MBBR 1, and 1,4-dioxane removal was improved to an average of 73%, with the control MBBR removing an average of 37% of 1,4-dioxane. During this period, an optimal dose of 2 mg/L of tetrahydrofuran was identified. Tetrahydrofuran was then fed to both MBBRs, where the 1,4-dioxane removal was on average 73% and 80%. Cometabolic treatment at the landfill significantly reduced the concentration of 1,4-dioxane received from the landfill at a downstream wastewater treatment and indirect potable reuse facility, reducing the load of 1,4-dioxane from 44% to 24% after the study. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Cometabolic degradation of leachate 1,4-dioxane with THF in MBBRs is a feasible treatment technology and a low-cost technique when retrofitting existing biological treatment facilities. The MBBRs can be operated at a range of temperatures, require no operational changes beyond THF addition, and operate best at a mass ratio of THF to 1,4-dioxane of 24. Source control of 1,4-dioxane significantly reduces the concentration of 1,4-dioxane in downstream wastewater treatment plants and potable reuse facilities.

1,4-Dioxane 可能是一种人类致癌物质,也是一种持久性水生污染物。1,4-二恶烷的彗星生物降解是一种前景广阔的低成本高效处理技术;但在处理垃圾填埋场沥滤液方面还需要进一步论证。该技术在两个全尺寸移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)中进行了测试,处理的是以四氢呋喃为代谢产物的垃圾填埋场沥滤液原液。原始沥滤液平均含有 82 微克/升的 1,4-二恶烷,在测试之前,移动床生物膜反应器平均分别去除了 38% 和 42% 的 1,4-二恶烷。首先,在 MBBR 1 中加入四氢呋喃,1,4-二恶烷的平均去除率提高到 73%,而对照 MBBR 平均去除 37% 的 1,4-二恶烷。在此期间,确定了 2 毫克/升四氢呋喃的最佳剂量。然后将四氢呋喃加入两个 MBBR 中,1,4-二恶烷的平均去除率分别为 73% 和 80%。垃圾填埋场的彗星代谢处理大大降低了下游废水处理和间接饮用水回用设施从垃圾填埋场接收的 1,4-二恶烷的浓度,研究结束后,1,4-二恶烷的负荷从 44% 降至 24%。实践点:在 MBBR 中用 THF 对渗滤液中的 1,4-二恶烷进行彗星代谢降解是一种可行的处理技术,也是一种改造现有生物处理设施的低成本技术。MBBR 可在各种温度下运行,除添加 THF 外无需改变运行方式,并且在 THF 与 1,4-二恶烷的质量比为 24 时运行效果最佳。1,4- 二恶烷的源头控制可大大降低下游废水处理厂和饮用水回用设施中 1,4- 二恶烷的浓度。
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引用次数: 0
Microbial communities and denitrification mechanisms of pyrite autotrophic denitrification coupled with three-dimensional biofilm electrode reactor. 黄铁矿自养反硝化与三维生物膜电极反应器耦合的微生物群落和反硝化机制。
IF 2.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1002/wer.11107
Shenyu Tan, Yu Huang, Heng Yang, Shiyang Zhang, Xinhua Tang

Denitrification is of great significance for low C/N wastewater treatment. In this study, pyrite autotrophic denitrification (PAD) was coupled with a three-dimensional biofilm electrode reactor (BER) to enhance denitrification. The effect of current on denitrification was extensively studied. The nitrate removal of the PAD-BER increased by 14.90% and 74.64% compared to the BER and the PAD, respectively. In addition, the electron utilization, extracellular polymeric substances secretion, and denitrification enzyme activity (NaR and NiR) were enhanced in the PAD-BER. The microbial communities study displayed that Dokdonella, Hydrogenophaga, Nitrospira, and Terrimonas became the main genera for denitrification. Compared with the PAD and the BER, the abundance of the key denitrification genes narG, nirK, nirS, and nosZ were all boosted in the PAD-BER. This study indicated that the enhanced autotrophic denitrifiers and denitrification genes were responsible for the improved denitrification in the PAD-BER. PRACTITIONER POINTS: PAD-BER displayed higher nitrate removal, EPS, NAR, and NIR activity. The three types of denitrification (HD, HAD, and PAD) and their contribution percentage in the PAD-BER were analyzed. HAD was dominant among the three denitrification processes in PAD-BER. Microbial community composition and key denitrification genes were tested to reveal the denitrification mechanisms.

反硝化对低 C/N 废水处理具有重要意义。本研究将黄铁矿自养反硝化(PAD)与三维生物膜电极反应器(BER)相结合,以提高反硝化效果。对电流对反硝化的影响进行了广泛研究。与 BER 和 PAD 相比,PAD-BER 的硝酸盐去除率分别提高了 14.90% 和 74.64%。此外,PAD-BER 的电子利用率、胞外高分子物质分泌量和反硝化酶活性(NaR 和 NiR)均有所提高。微生物群落研究表明,Dokdonella、Hydrogenophaga、Nitrospira 和 Terrimonas 是反硝化的主要菌属。与 PAD 和 BER 相比,PAD-BER 中关键反硝化基因 narG、nirK、nirS 和 nosZ 的丰度均有所提高。这项研究表明,自养反硝化菌和反硝化基因的增强是 PAD-BER 中反硝化能力提高的原因。实践点:PAD-BER 的硝酸盐去除率、EPS、NAR 和 NIR 活性更高。分析了三种反硝化类型(HD、HAD 和 PAD)及其在 PAD-BER 中的贡献比例。在 PAD-BER 的三种反硝化过程中,HAD 占主导地位。通过检测微生物群落组成和关键反硝化基因,揭示了反硝化机制。
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引用次数: 0
Ecotoxicological assessment, in freshwater environment, of wastewater sludge coupled and uncoupled with micro-polyvinyl chloride on algae and water fleas. 在淡水环境中,与微聚氯乙烯耦合和未耦合的废水污泥对藻类和水蚤的生态毒理学评估。
IF 2.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1002/wer.11089
Sara Pignattelli, Francesca Provenza, Darian Rampih, Alfonso Crisci, Monia Renzi

In the frame of bioeconomy and circular economy, wastewater sludge (WS) could be a good candidate for its use in agriculture as fertilizer, due to its high content of organic matter, N and P, but on the other hand, it is full of toxicants such as heavy metal, microplastics, detergent, antibiotics, and so on that can reach groundwater and water bodies in leachate form. In this study, we have investigated different sludge concentrations in the eluate form, combined and not with PVC on two different freshwater organisms Selenastrum capricornutum and Daphnia magna, using ecotoxicity tests. At the endpoint, we have evaluated inhibition growth rate, oxidative stress, and pigments production for S. capricornutum, while in case of D. magna, we have assessed organism immobilization and development. From our results, it emerged that at the higher WS concentration, there was not inhibition growth rate, while at oxidative stress, it was higher in algae treated with WS and PVC. Higher Chl-a production was shown for algae treated with 0.3 g/L of sludge coupled with PVC, where higher phaeopigments production were recorded for algae treated with 0.3 g/L of WS. D. magna has shown an opposite trend when compared with algae, where at the highest WS concentrations supplied was corresponding to an increased mortality explaned as the highest immobility percentage. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Wastewater sludge is used in agriculture as fertilizer. PVC microplastic presence and associate ecotoxicity was tested. PVC presence increased oxidative stress in S. capricornutum. D. magna was significantly affected by sludge concentrations supplied.

在生物经济和循环经济的框架下,废水污泥(WS)因其高含量的有机物、氮和磷,可作为肥料用于农业,但另一方面,它含有大量有毒物质,如重金属、微塑料、洗涤剂、抗生素等,会以浸出液的形式进入地下水和水体。在这项研究中,我们通过生态毒性测试,研究了不同浓度的污泥洗脱液、与聚氯乙烯混合和未与聚氯乙烯混合的污泥对两种不同的淡水生物褐藻和大型蚤的影响。在终点,我们评估了对毛角硒虫生长率、氧化应激和色素生成的抑制作用,而对大型蚤,我们评估了生物的固定和发育情况。结果表明,在较高的 WS 浓度下,藻类的生长率没有受到抑制,而在氧化应激方面,用 WS 和 PVC 处理的藻类的生长率更高。用 0.3 克/升污泥和聚氯乙烯处理的水藻的 Chl-a 产量较高,而用 0.3 克/升 WS 处理的水藻的 phaeopigments 产量较高。与藻类相比,大型蜗牛的趋势则相反,在 WS 浓度最高的情况下,其死亡率也相应增加,这可以解释为不动百分比最高。实践点:废水污泥被用作农业肥料。对 PVC 微塑料的存在及其相关生态毒性进行了测试。聚氯乙烯的存在增加了摩蟹的氧化应激。污泥浓度对大型鲤鱼有明显影响。
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引用次数: 0
Comparative analysis of water quality index and river classification in Kereh River, Penang, Malaysia: Impact of untreated swine wastewater from Kampung Selamat pig farms. 马来西亚槟城凯雷河水质指数和河流分类比较分析Kampung Selamat 养猪场未经处理的猪废水的影响。
IF 2.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1002/wer.11095
Maisarah Nasution Waras, Muhammad Azrul Zabidi, Zikrullah Ismail, Mageswari Sangaralingam, Amirah Mohd Gazzali, Mohammad Syamsul Reza Harun, Mohd Yusmaidie Aziz, Rafeezul Mohamed, Mohd Nadzri Mohd Najib

The Kereh River in Penang, Malaysia, has faced severe pollution for over 40 years due to untreated wastewater from swine farms in Kampung Selamat, discharged via stormwater drains. Despite official claims that all 77 swine farms treat their wastewater to meet regulatory standards, local non-governmental organizations and villagers have challenged this, though their concerns lack scientific backing. This study evaluates the river's water quality by analyzing samples from upstream (US), midstream (MS), and downstream (DS), and from Parit Cina-Parit Besar, a conduit for untreated swine wastewater. Fourteen parameters were measured against Malaysia's National Water Quality Standards (NWQS). Significant differences were found in six parameters: ammonium nitrogen (AN), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved oxygen (DO), total suspended solids (TSS), and oil and grease (OG). While Dunn's post hoc pairwise comparison showed no significant differences among river segments, mean values indicated increased pollution downstream, particularly after the convergence with untreated swine wastewater. River classification worsened, with water quality index dropping from 69.88 ± 11.37 score (Class III) US to 38.49 ± 12.74 and 50.44 ± 3.14 scores (Class IV) MS and downstream, respectively. A significant positive correlation between E. coli and AN (r = 0.71, p < 0.01) suggests a common point source pollutant, particularly the untreated swine wastewater. The river exhibits low oxygen levels and high organic matter and nutrient concentrations, especially MS and downstream, highlighting substantial ecological and public health risks. Effective enforcement of waste treatment regulations and enhanced monitoring are crucial for mitigating pollution and restoring the river's ecosystem. Collaboration between authorities and pig farmers is essential to improve water quality and maintain the river's ecological balance. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Severe Kereh River pollution: Untreated swine wastewater from Kampung Selamat pig farms, primarily via Parit Cina-Parit Besar, has degraded the river for over 40 years. Regulatory non-compliance: Despite official claims, untreated swine wastewater continues to pollute the river, challenging regulatory standards. Significant pollution indicators: Elevated levels of AN, BOD, COD, DO, TSS, OG, and E. coli signal severe pollution midstream and downstream. Water quality index drop: WQI scores classify midstream and downstream sections as polluted, indicating worsening conditions downstream. Urgent need for action: Enforcing regulations, improving wastewater treatment, and relocating pig farms are crucial for restoring the Kereh River.

马来西亚槟榔屿的凯雷河 40 多年来一直面临严重污染,原因是甘榜雪拉玛(Kampung Selamat)养猪场未经处理的废水通过雨水渠排放。尽管官方声称所有 77 家养猪场都对废水进行了处理,以达到监管标准,但当地非政府组织和村民对此提出了质疑,尽管他们的担忧缺乏科学依据。本研究通过分析上游(US)、中游(MS)、下游(DS)以及 Parit Cina-Parit Besar(一条未经处理的猪场废水通道)的样本来评估河流的水质。根据马来西亚国家水质标准(NWQS)测量了 14 个参数。结果发现,氨氮 (AN)、生化需氧量 (BOD)、化学需氧量 (COD)、溶解氧 (DO)、总悬浮固体 (TSS) 和油脂 (OG) 这六个参数存在显著差异。虽然邓恩事后配对比较显示各河段之间没有显著差异,但平均值表明下游污染加剧,特别是在与未经处理的猪场废水汇合之后。河流分级恶化,水质指数从美国的 69.88 ± 11.37 分(III 级)分别降至 MS 和下游的 38.49 ± 12.74 分和 50.44 ± 3.14 分(IV 级)。大肠杆菌与 AN 之间存在明显的正相关性(r = 0.71,p
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引用次数: 0
Fate and transport of chlorine dioxide: Modeling chlorine dioxide in water distribution systems. 二氧化氯的消亡和迁移:配水系统中二氧化氯的模拟。
IF 2.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1002/wer.11094
I Ethem Karadirek, Asli Nur Rizvanoglu, Batuhan Okumus, Ozlem Cansu-Aldemir, Tugba Akdeniz

This study aims to conduct a comprehensive analysis of switching disinfectants from sodium hypochlorite bleach to chlorine dioxide (ClO2) in the water distribution system of Geyikbayiri, Antalya. For this purpose, bulk decay rates of ClO2 at various water temperatures were determined in laboratory studies. The study revealed ClO2 bulk decay rates of 0.12639 day-1, 0.17848 day-1, and 0.19621 day-1 at temperatures 15°C, 20°C, and 30°C, respectively. The EPANET, a widely employed computer program for simulating the extended-period behavior of hydraulic and water quality in pressurized pipes, was utilized for the analysis of the fate and transport of ClO2. A hydraulic model was first developed, calibrated, and verified using distinct data sets. The Hazen-Williams friction coefficient of the PSA was determined to be 120 by the trial-and-error method with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.408 m. A ClO2 model was then integrated with the calibrated and verified hydraulic model, revealing a wall decay rate of 0.01 m/day and an average MAE of 0.034 mg/l. After calibration and verification of the ClO2 model, several management scenarios were developed, and ClO2 dosing rates were determined. The study showed that ClO2 dosing rates of 0.40 mg/l and 0.45 mg/l should be applied to keep ClO2 concentrations within certain limits. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Disinfectants must maintain a sufficient residual in water distribution systems. Chlorine dioxide requires less contact time and is not affected by pH fluctuations. Modeling serves as a decision-making tool for the management of disinfectants. Bulk and wall decay rates of chlorine dioxide are crucial for management strategies. Chlorine dioxide is a good alternative as a disinfectant in such systems.

本研究旨在全面分析安塔利亚 Geyikbayiri 配水系统中消毒剂从次氯酸钠漂白剂转换为二氧化氯 (ClO2) 的情况。为此,在实验室研究中测定了不同水温下 ClO2 的体积衰减率。研究显示,在温度为 15°C、20°C 和 30°C 时,ClO2 体积衰减率分别为 0.12639 天-1、0.17848 天-1 和 0.19621 天-1。EPANET 是一种广泛使用的模拟加压管道中水力和水质长周期行为的计算机程序,用于分析 ClO2 的归宿和迁移。首先利用不同的数据集开发、校准和验证了一个水力模型。通过试错法确定 PSA 的 Hazen-Williams 摩擦系数为 120,平均绝对误差 (MAE) 为 0.408 米。然后将 ClO2 模型与经过校准和验证的水力模型进行整合,结果表明壁面衰减率为 0.01 米/天,平均 MAE 为 0.034 毫克/升。在对 ClO2 模型进行校准和验证后,制定了几种管理方案,并确定了 ClO2 投加量。研究表明,应采用 0.40 毫克/升和 0.45 毫克/升的 ClO2 投加量,以将 ClO2 浓度控制在一定范围内。从业人员要点:消毒剂必须在输水系统中保持足够的残留量。二氧化氯所需的接触时间较短,且不受 pH 值波动的影响。建模可作为管理消毒剂的决策工具。二氧化氯的体积和壁面衰减率对管理策略至关重要。二氧化氯是此类系统中消毒剂的理想替代品。
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引用次数: 0
Integrating vision-based AI and large language models for real-time water pollution surveillance. 整合基于视觉的人工智能和大型语言模型,实现水污染实时监控。
IF 2.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1002/wer.11092
Dinesh Jackson Samuel, Yusuf Sermet, David Cwiertny, Ibrahim Demir

Water pollution has become a major concern in recent years, affecting over 2 billion people worldwide, according to UNESCO. This pollution can occur by either naturally, such as algal blooms, or man-made when toxic substances are released into water bodies like lakes, rivers, springs, and oceans. To address this issue and monitor surface-level water pollution in local water bodies, an informative real-time vision-based surveillance system has been developed in conjunction with large language models (LLMs). This system has an integrated camera connected to a Raspberry Pi for processing input frames and is further linked to LLMs for generating contextual information regarding the type, causes, and impact of pollutants on both human health and the environment. This multi-model setup enables local authorities to monitor water pollution and take necessary steps to mitigate it. To train the vision model, seven major types of pollutants found in water bodies like algal bloom, synthetic foams, dead fishes, oil spills, wooden logs, industrial waste run-offs, and trashes were used for achieving accurate detection. ChatGPT API has been integrated with the model to generate contextual information about pollution detected. Thus, the multi-model system can conduct surveillance over water bodies and autonomously alert local authorities to take immediate action, eliminating the need for human intervention. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Combines cameras and LLMs with Raspberry Pi for processing and generating pollutant information. Uses YOLOv5 to detect algal blooms, synthetic foams, dead fish, oil spills, and industrial waste. Supports various modules and environments, including drones and mobile apps for broad monitoring. Educates on environmental healthand alerts authorities about water pollution.

近年来,水污染已成为人们关注的一个主要问题,据联合国教科文组织统计,全球有 20 多亿人受到水污染的影响。这种污染既可能是自然造成的,如藻类大量繁殖;也可能是人为造成的,如有毒物质被释放到湖泊、河流、泉水和海洋等水体中。为解决这一问题并监测当地水体的地表水污染情况,我们结合大型语言模型(LLM)开发了一种基于视觉的信息实时监控系统。该系统有一个与树莓派(Raspberry Pi)相连的集成摄像头,用于处理输入帧,并进一步与大型语言模型(LLMs)相连,生成有关污染物类型、成因以及对人类健康和环境影响的上下文信息。这种多模型设置使地方当局能够监测水污染,并采取必要措施减轻污染。为了训练视觉模型,我们使用了在水体中发现的七种主要污染物,如藻类大量繁殖、合成泡沫、死鱼、溢油、木头、工业废水径流和垃圾,以实现精确检测。ChatGPT 应用程序接口已与模型集成,以生成有关检测到的污染的上下文信息。因此,多模型系统可以对水体进行监控,并自动提醒地方当局立即采取行动,无需人工干预。实践点:将摄像头和 LLM 与 Raspberry Pi 相结合,用于处理和生成污染物信息。使用 YOLOv5 检测藻华、合成泡沫、死鱼、漏油和工业废物。支持各种模块和环境,包括用于广泛监测的无人机和移动应用程序。开展环境健康教育,并向有关部门发出水污染警报。
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引用次数: 0
Accurate prediction and intelligent control of COD and other parameters removal from pharmaceutical wastewater using electrocoagulation coupled with catalytic ozonation process. 利用电凝耦合催化臭氧工艺去除制药废水中 COD 和其他参数的精确预测和智能控制。
IF 2.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1002/wer.11099
Yujie Li, Chen Li, Yunhan Jia, Zhenbei Wang, Yatao Liu, Zitan Zhang, Xingyu DuanChen, Amir Ikhlaq, Jolanta Kumirska, Ewa Maria Siedlecka, Oksana Ismailova, Fei Qi

In this study, we employed the response surface method (RSM) and the long short-term memory (LSTM) model to optimize operational parameters and predict chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal in the electrocoagulation-catalytic ozonation process (ECOP) for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment. Through RSM simulation, we quantified the effects of reaction time, ozone dose, current density, and catalyst packed rate on COD removal. Then, the optimal conditions for achieving a COD removal efficiency exceeding 50% were identified. After evaluating ECOP performance under optimized conditions, LSTM predicted COD removal (56.4%), close to real results (54.6%) with a 0.2% error. LSTM outperformed RSM in predictive capacity for COD removal. In response to the initial COD concentration and effluent discharge standards, intelligent adjustment of operating parameters becomes feasible, facilitating precise control of the ECOP performance based on this LSTM model. This intelligent control strategy holds promise for enhancing the efficiency of ECOP in real pharmaceutical wastewater treatment scenarios. PRACTITIONER POINTS: This study utilized the response surface method (RSM) and the long short-term memory (LSTM) model for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment optimization. LSTM predicted COD removal (56.4%) closely matched experimental results (54.6%), with a minimal error of 0.2%. LSTM demonstrated superior predictive capacity, enabling intelligent parameter adjustments for enhanced process control. Intelligent control strategy based on LSTM holds promise for improving electrocoagulation-catalytic ozonation process efficiency in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment.

在本研究中,我们采用响应面法(RSM)和长短期记忆(LSTM)模型来优化操作参数,并预测用于制药废水处理的电凝催化臭氧工艺(ECOP)的化学需氧量(COD)去除率。通过 RSM 仿真,我们量化了反应时间、臭氧剂量、电流密度和催化剂填充率对 COD 去除率的影响。然后,确定了使 COD 去除率超过 50%的最佳条件。在对优化条件下的 ECOP 性能进行评估后,LSTM 预测的 COD 去除率(56.4%)接近实际结果(54.6%),误差为 0.2%。LSTM 的 COD 去除预测能力优于 RSM。根据最初的 COD 浓度和污水排放标准,对运行参数进行智能调整是可行的,这有助于在 LSTM 模型的基础上精确控制 ECOP 的性能。这种智能控制策略有望提高 ECOP 在实际制药废水处理场景中的效率。实践要点:本研究利用响应面法(RSM)和长短期记忆(LSTM)模型进行制药废水处理优化。LSTM 预测的 COD 去除率(56.4%)与实验结果(54.6%)非常接近,误差最小为 0.2%。LSTM 展示了卓越的预测能力,可通过智能参数调整来增强过程控制。基于 LSTM 的智能控制策略有望提高制药废水处理中的电凝催化臭氧工艺效率。
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引用次数: 0
The seasonal variation and ecological risk of microplastics in the Lower Ganges River, Bangladesh. 孟加拉国恒河下游微塑料的季节变化和生态风险。
IF 2.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1002/wer.11103
Md Anamul Hassan, Mabia Hossain Shetu, Osman Miah, Fahmida Parvin, Mashura Shammi, Shafi M Tareq

Microplastic (MP) pollution has gained considerable attention in various ecosystems; however, it has received relatively less attention in freshwater-riverine environments than in other ecosystems. The Ganges River Delta, one of the world's most densely populated areas, is a potential source of MP pollution in the freshwater ecosystem. MPs were identified throughout the year in the lower Ganges River water. Seasonally, the highest abundance was observed during the monsoon (14.66 ± 2.06 MPs/L), followed by the pre-monsoon (13.46 ± 1.75 MPs/L) and post-monsoon (11.50 ± 0.40 MPs/L). Throughout the year, MP discharge was estimated at 4.12 × 1012 to 2.17 × 1013 MPs/year. Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy identified plastic polymers in the water, like ethylene vinyl acetate, polystyrene, polypropylene, polyethylene, and nylon. Moderate contamination by MPs was assessed throughout the year. Significant correlations between MP abundance and both rainfall and discharge were observed. It is essential to implement preventative measures in the Ganges River Basin to mitigate MP pollution before the situation worsens. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Throughout the year, MP concentration ranged from 10.67 to 20.33 MPs/L The highest MP occurrence was observed in the monsoon season (14.66 ± 2.06 MPs/L) The lowest abundance was detected in the post-monsoon period (11.50 ± 0.40 MPs/L) There was a moderate level of MP contamination in the lower Ganges River water It was shown that discharge and rainfall were correlated with MP abundance.

微塑料(MP)污染在各种生态系统中都得到了相当多的关注;然而,与其他生态系统相比,淡水-河流环境中的微塑料污染受到的关注相对较少。恒河三角洲是世界上人口最稠密的地区之一,也是淡水生态系统中 MP 污染的潜在来源。在恒河下游的水体中,全年都能发现 MPs。从季节上看,季风期(14.66 ± 2.06 MPs/L)的MPs含量最高,其次是季风前(13.46 ± 1.75 MPs/L)和季风后(11.50 ± 0.40 MPs/L)。全年的 MP 排放量估计为 4.12 × 1012 至 2.17 × 1013 MPs/年。傅立叶变换红外光谱法确定了水中的塑料聚合物,如乙烯-醋酸乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯、聚乙烯和尼龙。全年都有中度的 MP 污染。观察到 MP 丰度与降雨量和排水量之间存在明显的相关性。必须在恒河流域实施预防措施,在情况恶化之前减轻 MP 污染。实践点:季风季节的 MP 出现率最高(14.66 ± 2.06 MPs/L),季风过后的 MP 丰度最低(11.50 ± 0.40 MPs/L)。
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引用次数: 0
Chromium (VI) removal by magnetite nanoparticles immobilized with extracellular polymeric substances extracted from Lysinibacillus sp. WH. 用从溶血芽孢杆菌提取的胞外聚合物物质固定的磁铁矿纳米颗粒去除铬(Ⅵ) WH.
IF 2.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1002/wer.11102
Phoomipat Jungcharoen, Phawida Mekhin, Jiratchaya Seelaphat, Prasit Thongbai, Jindarat Ekprasert

Magnetite nanoparticles (nano-Fe3O4) and nano-Fe3O4 immobilized with bacterial extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) extracted from Lysinibacillus sp. WH (Fe3O4/bact) were comparatively studied for the removal of Cr (VI) ions from aqueous solution in batch study. The objectives were to explore the removal of Cr (VI) efficiency by nano-Fe3O4 and Fe3O4/bact under varying bacterial concentrations at a range of acidic pH. Results indicated that 150 ppm Cr (VI) could be effectively removed by 5 g/L of nano-Fe3O4 at pH 4, with the efficiency of 89.2 ± 12%. The equilibrium time, determined by a pseudo-second-order model (R2 = 0.9983), was after 5 h, indicating chemical adsorption. The Cr (VI) removal by the nano-Fe3O4 immobilized with bacterial EPS was effective and steady under a wide range of acidic conditions although bacterial EPS has an alkaline nature. Here, we are the first to demonstrate that Cr (VI) removal efficiency by different concentrations of EPS was not significantly different, suggesting EPS concentration is possibly not the most crucial factor to be optimized for Cr (VI) removal in the future. This study shows the potential application of nano-Fe3O4 immobilized with bacterial EPS for wastewater treatment. PRACTITIONER POINTS: The equilibrium time for magnetite nanoparticles to remove Cr (VI) is 5 h, suggesting chemical adsorption. The Cr (VI) removal efficiency of either magnetite nanoparticles or bacterial EPS is stable under a wide range of acidic conditions. Magnetite nanoparticles immobilized with bacterial EPS extracted from Lysinibacillus sp. WH has a potential application for Cr (VI) removal in wastewater.

批量研究了磁铁矿纳米颗粒(纳米-Fe3O4)和固定了从 Lysinibacillus sp. WH 提取的细菌胞外聚合物质(EPSs)的纳米-Fe3O4(Fe3O4/bact)去除水溶液中六价铬离子的效果。研究目的是探讨在酸性 pH 值范围内,不同细菌浓度下纳米氧化铁和 Fe3O4/bact 对六价铬的去除效率。结果表明,在 pH 值为 4 时,5 g/L 的纳米氧化铁可有效去除 150 ppm 的六(六)铬,去除率为 89.2 ± 12%。根据假二阶模型(R2 = 0.9983)确定的平衡时间为 5 小时后,这表明存在化学吸附作用。虽然细菌 EPS 具有碱性,但固定了细菌 EPS 的纳米 Fe3O4 在各种酸性条件下都能有效、稳定地去除 Cr (VI)。在此,我们首次证明了不同浓度的 EPS 对六价铬的去除效率没有显著差异,这表明 EPS 浓度可能不是未来去除六价铬的最关键因素。这项研究表明,用细菌 EPS 固定纳米氧化铁具有应用于废水处理的潜力。实践点:磁铁矿纳米颗粒去除 Cr (VI) 的平衡时间为 5 h,表明存在化学吸附作用。在各种酸性条件下,磁铁矿纳米颗粒或细菌 EPS 的六(Cr)去除率都很稳定。从溶血芽孢杆菌 WH 中提取的细菌 EPS 固定化磁铁矿纳米颗粒具有去除废水中六价铬的潜在应用价值。
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引用次数: 0
Enhanced forward osmosis desalination of brackish water using phase-separating ternary organic draw solutions of hydroxypropyl cellulose and propylene glycol propyl ether. 使用羟丙基纤维素和丙二醇丙基醚的相分离三元有机汲取溶液对苦咸水进行强化正渗透脱盐。
IF 2.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1002/wer.11110
Kudzai Hamish Ruzvidzo, Raminder Kaur, Manish Jain

This study introduces draw solutions for application in forward osmosis (FO) processes, combining mono propylene glycol propyl ether (PGPE) with the cellulose derivative hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC). A total of 16 unique single-solute and ternary organic draw solutions were prepared and evaluated, leading to the selection of three promising solutions for further investigation. Notably, eight of the initial organic draw solutions demonstrated osmotic pressures exceeding 2.4 MPa. The dynamic viscosities of all draw solutions exhibited a significant reduction with increasing temperature. Among the investigated solutions, the 0.25HPC-3.75PGPE demonstrated the most favorable FO performance, achieving average experimental water fluxes of 11.062 and 9.852 Lm-2 h-1 (LMH) against a 1 g/L NaCl brackish feed solution across two FO runs. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC, MW ~100,000) was mixed with propylene glycol propyl ether (PGPE) as draw solutes for FO processes. Seven combinations of HPC and PGPE produced osmolalities greater than 1000 mOsm/kg. 0.5HPC-7.5PGPE ternary draw solution achieved experimental water fluxes of 11.062 and 9.852 LMH against 1 g/L NaCl brackish feed solution. Leveraging the LCSTs of these ternary organic solutions holds promise for improved separation and regeneration processes.

本研究介绍了应用于正渗透(FO)工艺的牵引溶液,将单丙二醇丙基醚(PGPE)与纤维素衍生物羟丙基纤维素(HPC)结合在一起。共制备和评估了 16 种独特的单溶液和三元有机汲取溶液,最终选择了三种有前景的溶液进行进一步研究。值得注意的是,8 种初始有机拉伸溶液的渗透压超过了 2.4 兆帕。所有汲取溶液的动态粘度都随着温度的升高而显著降低。在所研究的溶液中,0.25HPC-3.75PGPE 表现出最理想的 FO 性能,在两次 FO 运行中,相对于 1 g/L NaCl 苦咸水进料溶液,平均实验水通量分别达到 11.062 和 9.852 Lm-2 h-1(LMH)。实践要点:羟丙基纤维素(HPC,分子量约为 100,000 )与丙二醇丙醚(PGPE)混合,作为 FO 工艺的牵引溶质。HPC 和 PGPE 的七种组合产生的渗透压大于 1000 mOsm/kg。0.5HPC-7.5PGPE 三元汲取溶液对 1 g/L NaCl 苦咸水进料溶液的实验水通量分别达到 11.062 和 9.852 LMH。利用这些三元有机溶液的 LCST,有望改进分离和再生工艺。
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引用次数: 0
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Water Environment Research
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