Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.17588/2072-2672.2023.4.005-017
D.S. Sharygin, A. Yablokov, G. Filatova
Fault location is one of the main means of automation of electric power on overhead power lines. Well-timed elimination and organization of maintenance and repair work to put power lines into operation require high accuracy of fault location. Fault location methods based on the parameters of emergency mode using data of electronic (digital or optical) instrument transformers have been developed in Ivanovo State Power Engineering University (ISPU). The use of electronic transformers makes it possible to reduce the instrumental error of fault location due to accurate measurements of electrical quantities during short circuit, including the measurement of the derivative of the primary current. The aim of the study of fault location methods developed by the ISPU team is to evaluate the errors of these methods with a variation of many factors affecting the calculation of fault location in an automated mode using modern modeling tools. A multifactorial automated research of the fault location methods is carried out using a simulation model of an ultra-high voltage network in the Matlab + Simulink software package. One-sided and two-sided fault location methods based on the parameters of emergency mode developed in ISPU are chosen as the studied methods. In the research methodology presented in the article, the values of the factors affecting the measurement of fault location, including the parameters of the network element models, are changed using a program in the MATLAB language with parallel calculations performed on different processor cores. A technique for automated research of fault location methods has been developed including a model of an ultra-high voltage electrical network in Simulink and a simulation model control program in Matlab. More than 100,000 computational experiments have been carried out for each fault location method. According to the study, the influence of transient resistance is excluded, and the influence of the network frequency is practically absent in the two-sided method. The change in the parameters of power transmission lines and equivalent systems is less affected in comparison with the one-sided method. The Monte Carlo method of fault location algorithms has shown that the errors of one-sided method do not meet the requirements of PJSC «FGC UES» standards in less than 20% of cases, and the errors of the two-sided method under the same modeling conditions do not meet the requirements only in 1% of cases. The developed research methodology makes it possible to evaluate the accuracy of fault location methods when changing the set of factors influencing the measurement in an automated mode. The carried-out research of one-sided and two-sided fault location methods based on emergency mode parameters and data of electronic transformers has showed sufficient accuracy on the model of a 500 kV overhead power transmission line with changes in individual factors affecting the measurement of fault location and when randomly set
{"title":"Multifactorial automated research of fault location methods based on model of 500 kV overhead power line","authors":"D.S. Sharygin, A. Yablokov, G. Filatova","doi":"10.17588/2072-2672.2023.4.005-017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2023.4.005-017","url":null,"abstract":"Fault location is one of the main means of automation of electric power on overhead power lines. Well-timed elimination and organization of maintenance and repair work to put power lines into operation require high accuracy of fault location. Fault location methods based on the parameters of emergency mode using data of electronic (digital or optical) instrument transformers have been developed in Ivanovo State Power Engineering University (ISPU). The use of electronic transformers makes it possible to reduce the instrumental error of fault location due to accurate measurements of electrical quantities during short circuit, including the measurement of the derivative of the primary current. The aim of the study of fault location methods developed by the ISPU team is to evaluate the errors of these methods with a variation of many factors affecting the calculation of fault location in an automated mode using modern modeling tools. A multifactorial automated research of the fault location methods is carried out using a simulation model of an ultra-high voltage network in the Matlab + Simulink software package. One-sided and two-sided fault location methods based on the parameters of emergency mode developed in ISPU are chosen as the studied methods. In the research methodology presented in the article, the values of the factors affecting the measurement of fault location, including the parameters of the network element models, are changed using a program in the MATLAB language with parallel calculations performed on different processor cores. A technique for automated research of fault location methods has been developed including a model of an ultra-high voltage electrical network in Simulink and a simulation model control program in Matlab. More than 100,000 computational experiments have been carried out for each fault location method. According to the study, the influence of transient resistance is excluded, and the influence of the network frequency is practically absent in the two-sided method. The change in the parameters of power transmission lines and equivalent systems is less affected in comparison with the one-sided method. The Monte Carlo method of fault location algorithms has shown that the errors of one-sided method do not meet the requirements of PJSC «FGC UES» standards in less than 20% of cases, and the errors of the two-sided method under the same modeling conditions do not meet the requirements only in 1% of cases. The developed research methodology makes it possible to evaluate the accuracy of fault location methods when changing the set of factors influencing the measurement in an automated mode. The carried-out research of one-sided and two-sided fault location methods based on emergency mode parameters and data of electronic transformers has showed sufficient accuracy on the model of a 500 kV overhead power transmission line with changes in individual factors affecting the measurement of fault location and when randomly set","PeriodicalId":23635,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik IGEU","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76591362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.17588/2072-2672.2023.4.028-035
A. Tikhonov, A. Karzhevin, A. Stulov, D.M. Tikhomirov, V.E. Rozin
Existing simulation models of power transformers that operate, for example, in the MATLAM Simulink SimPowerSystem environment, are based on an ideal transformer model. It allows using this model as an autonomous link in a complex electrical circuit. The main disadvantage of such models is the difficulty to consider non-standard versions of the magnetic circuit and special schemes for connecting winding elements when modeling. Particularly significant problems arise when modeling special transformers of the certain classes. At the same time, traditionally, when modeling the transient modes of transformers, a different approach is used. It is based on the use of inductance matrices which allows considering all the design features of the active part of the transformer. The disadvantage of this approach is the need to describe an external electrical circuit in addition to the transformer. Therefore, the problem to develop a modern technology for simulation models of transformers with an arbitrary design of the active part is topical. This model meets the requirement for the autonomy of the transformer model from the external circuit model. The authors have used the methods of modeling electrical and magnetic circuits based on the theory of ordinary differential equations, and simulation method using the MatLab Simulink SimPowerSystems package. A technology has been developed for simulation models of transformers with an arbitrary design of the active part based on the use of typical subsystems. An algorithm for matrix of inductances based on the main magnetic field of the transformer with the existing equivalent circuit of the magnetic circuit is given. The authors have presented a diagram of a three-phase transformer model developed using the proposed technology, as well as the results of comparing the current curves in the primary and secondary windings of the transformer when it is turned on at idle and with a resistive load. The results are obtained using the existing and new models. The results of the study can be used to design general industrial and special transformers in design companies and in manufacturing environment. The developed technology can give a special effect when it is used at the R&D stage to study the operating modes of transformers in case the enterprise has no experience to design and manufacture them.
{"title":"Technology for simulation models of power transformers with arbitrary design of active part","authors":"A. Tikhonov, A. Karzhevin, A. Stulov, D.M. Tikhomirov, V.E. Rozin","doi":"10.17588/2072-2672.2023.4.028-035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2023.4.028-035","url":null,"abstract":"Existing simulation models of power transformers that operate, for example, in the MATLAM Simulink SimPowerSystem environment, are based on an ideal transformer model. It allows using this model as an autonomous link in a complex electrical circuit. The main disadvantage of such models is the difficulty to consider non-standard versions of the magnetic circuit and special schemes for connecting winding elements when modeling. Particularly significant problems arise when modeling special transformers of the certain classes. At the same time, traditionally, when modeling the transient modes of transformers, a different approach is used. It is based on the use of inductance matrices which allows considering all the design features of the active part of the transformer. The disadvantage of this approach is the need to describe an external electrical circuit in addition to the transformer. Therefore, the problem to develop a modern technology for simulation models of transformers with an arbitrary design of the active part is topical. This model meets the requirement for the autonomy of the transformer model from the external circuit model. The authors have used the methods of modeling electrical and magnetic circuits based on the theory of ordinary differential equations, and simulation method using the MatLab Simulink SimPowerSystems package. A technology has been developed for simulation models of transformers with an arbitrary design of the active part based on the use of typical subsystems. An algorithm for matrix of inductances based on the main magnetic field of the transformer with the existing equivalent circuit of the magnetic circuit is given. The authors have presented a diagram of a three-phase transformer model developed using the proposed technology, as well as the results of comparing the current curves in the primary and secondary windings of the transformer when it is turned on at idle and with a resistive load. The results are obtained using the existing and new models. The results of the study can be used to design general industrial and special transformers in design companies and in manufacturing environment. The developed technology can give a special effect when it is used at the R&D stage to study the operating modes of transformers in case the enterprise has no experience to design and manufacture them.","PeriodicalId":23635,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik IGEU","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88583450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.17588/2072-2672.2023.3.052-061
I. Polyuschenkov
For the operation of electric drives control systems, closed on the target coordinate of control – speed or position of actuator, an informational and measuring subsystem, formed by hardware and software to detect, capture and process signals from sensors, is required. The functionally completed and independent elements of such a subsystem are the controllers of each of the sensors, including digital position sensors, also used to measure the speed of motion. When developing such a controller, it is necessary to take into account the requirements for control system, performances of sensors and their signals, the form of position measurement result, the technique of the sensor interfacing with the control system, the features of hardware and software computing resources, including execution time. Thus, the development of a digital position sensor controller and its software is an actual problem. When developing the controller, methods of computational mathematics and system analysis, methods of model-based programming, methods of software developing and debugging, as well as methods of experimental research were applied. An algorithmic description of the digital position sensor controller is proposed for converting the angular position of the electric drive shaft, which changes cyclically within one revolution during rotation, into its rotation angle, which has wide limits of change. Also, the measuring of rotation speed of the electric drive shaft is algorithmically described by calculating the increment of its angular position during the observation interval. The software for this controller has been developed, which can serve as a typical element for microprocessor control systems for electric drives. When developing a controller for a digital position sensor, as well as other elements of the informational and measuring subsystem of closed-loop electric drives, it is necessary to take into account the performances of various technical means and requirements for the control system. Successful development is contributed by the use of modern microcontrollers with built-in specialized modules for detecting, capturing and processing signals, as well as the use of detailed computational algorithms and mathematical methods that are the least expensive in terms of execution time.
{"title":"Development of controller for digital position sensor and its software","authors":"I. Polyuschenkov","doi":"10.17588/2072-2672.2023.3.052-061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2023.3.052-061","url":null,"abstract":"For the operation of electric drives control systems, closed on the target coordinate of control – speed or position of actuator, an informational and measuring subsystem, formed by hardware and software to detect, capture and process signals from sensors, is required. The functionally completed and independent elements of such a subsystem are the controllers of each of the sensors, including digital position sensors, also used to measure the speed of motion. When developing such a controller, it is necessary to take into account the requirements for control system, performances of sensors and their signals, the form of position measurement result, the technique of the sensor interfacing with the control system, the features of hardware and software computing resources, including execution time. Thus, the development of a digital position sensor controller and its software is an actual problem. When developing the controller, methods of computational mathematics and system analysis, methods of model-based programming, methods of software developing and debugging, as well as methods of experimental research were applied. An algorithmic description of the digital position sensor controller is proposed for converting the angular position of the electric drive shaft, which changes cyclically within one revolution during rotation, into its rotation angle, which has wide limits of change. Also, the measuring of rotation speed of the electric drive shaft is algorithmically described by calculating the increment of its angular position during the observation interval. The software for this controller has been developed, which can serve as a typical element for microprocessor control systems for electric drives. When developing a controller for a digital position sensor, as well as other elements of the informational and measuring subsystem of closed-loop electric drives, it is necessary to take into account the performances of various technical means and requirements for the control system. Successful development is contributed by the use of modern microcontrollers with built-in specialized modules for detecting, capturing and processing signals, as well as the use of detailed computational algorithms and mathematical methods that are the least expensive in terms of execution time.","PeriodicalId":23635,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik IGEU","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81781789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.17588/2072-2672.2023.3.025-033
S.O. Aleksinsky, D.S. Sharygin
Fault location on 110–220 kV overhead power lines is one of the main functions of modern relay protection devices. Currently, the actual errors of fault location based on emergency mode (EM) parameters in most cases are about 5 %. However, there are cases when they exceed 10–20 %. One-sided fault location based on EM parameters and improvement of its accuracy are important issues to study since there isn’t a communication channel on power lines for the transmission of emergency information everywhere. The main parameter that has a significant impact on the accuracy of fault location method is the transient resistance. The aim of the research is to study the effect of transient resistance on the one-sided fault location method based on EM parameters proposed by A.E. Arzhannikov. In the course of the study, the following tasks are set: assessment of the effect of transient resistance on the accuracy of the specified fault location method; determination of the polarizing value for fault location, which ensures greater accuracy of the method, including the presence of transient resistance at the place of a short circuit; defining a criterion to recognize the type of short circuit that does not depend on the transient resistance; development of a method to determine the value of the transient resistance at the fault location. To study and evaluate the errors of distance fault location based on EM parameters, a series of calculations of short circuit currents has been made for various transient resistances at the fault location and at various distances of the fault. The calculation of currents and data processing has been carried out in the ARM SRZA software package. A single overhead line with a voltage of 110 kV with a two-sided supply and a length of 70 km is chosen as the object under study. To perform the research, the primary converters are taken as ideal. The authors have obtained the estimation of the errors of the one-sided fault location method. It is proposed to use the zero-sequence current as a polarizing quantity in the indicated fault location method, which provides greater accuracy than the use of the negative sequence current. To ensure the stable operation of one-sided fault location based on EM parameters, especially in case of short circuit with significant transient resistances, the use of methods that are insensitive to transient resistances is justified. A parameter to identify the type of short circuit is proposed, the coefficient of the image Kobr. Its values are determined for each type of short circuit, a small dependence on transient resistances is found. A calculation substantiation is given for the value of the identification coefficient of two-phase faults (Phase-to-Phase and Phases-to-Earth) according to the ratio of negative and zero sequence currents. The authors have estimated the transient resistance at the fault site by the ratio of symmetrical components for the simulated power transmission line. The results of the
{"title":"Study of influence of transient resistance on distance fault location based on one-sided method","authors":"S.O. Aleksinsky, D.S. Sharygin","doi":"10.17588/2072-2672.2023.3.025-033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2023.3.025-033","url":null,"abstract":"Fault location on 110–220 kV overhead power lines is one of the main functions of modern relay protection devices. Currently, the actual errors of fault location based on emergency mode (EM) parameters in most cases are about 5 %. However, there are cases when they exceed 10–20 %. One-sided fault location based on EM parameters and improvement of its accuracy are important issues to study since there isn’t a communication channel on power lines for the transmission of emergency information everywhere. The main parameter that has a significant impact on the accuracy of fault location method is the transient resistance. The aim of the research is to study the effect of transient resistance on the one-sided fault location method based on EM parameters proposed by A.E. Arzhannikov. In the course of the study, the following tasks are set: assessment of the effect of transient resistance on the accuracy of the specified fault location method; determination of the polarizing value for fault location, which ensures greater accuracy of the method, including the presence of transient resistance at the place of a short circuit; defining a criterion to recognize the type of short circuit that does not depend on the transient resistance; development of a method to determine the value of the transient resistance at the fault location. To study and evaluate the errors of distance fault location based on EM parameters, a series of calculations of short circuit currents has been made for various transient resistances at the fault location and at various distances of the fault. The calculation of currents and data processing has been carried out in the ARM SRZA software package. A single overhead line with a voltage of 110 kV with a two-sided supply and a length of 70 km is chosen as the object under study. To perform the research, the primary converters are taken as ideal. The authors have obtained the estimation of the errors of the one-sided fault location method. It is proposed to use the zero-sequence current as a polarizing quantity in the indicated fault location method, which provides greater accuracy than the use of the negative sequence current. To ensure the stable operation of one-sided fault location based on EM parameters, especially in case of short circuit with significant transient resistances, the use of methods that are insensitive to transient resistances is justified. A parameter to identify the type of short circuit is proposed, the coefficient of the image Kobr. Its values are determined for each type of short circuit, a small dependence on transient resistances is found. A calculation substantiation is given for the value of the identification coefficient of two-phase faults (Phase-to-Phase and Phases-to-Earth) according to the ratio of negative and zero sequence currents. The authors have estimated the transient resistance at the fault site by the ratio of symmetrical components for the simulated power transmission line. The results of the","PeriodicalId":23635,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik IGEU","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86184642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.17588/2072-2672.2023.3.043-051
A. Vinogradov, R.O. Gorelkin
Currently, asynchronous and synchronous generators with two-link full power frequency converters are the main options to design highly efficient sources of 3-phase voltage with an internal combustion engine (ICE) as a prime mover and a variable speed as a function of the load. It is required to develop and study the effectiveness of the use of an autonomous power supply station with a variable speed based on a low-power frequency converter to reduce its cost with the possibility of saving ICE fuel by controlling the frequency as a function of the load. The description of the power plant and its control system is made at the structural and functional level. The study of its characteristics is carried out by means of computer simulation in the Delphi software package. To assess the potential fuel efficiency of the power plant, a multi-parameter characteristic of the YaMZ-238 internal combustion engine is used. The functional diagram of the power plant, the structural diagram of its control system without the use of a speed sensor are presented. The time diagrams for modeling work on an asymmetric load and its energy characteristics are given. It is shown that the developed power plant allows to provide an effective ICE speed control range of at least 2 with the limitation of the rated power of the converter at the level of 20 % of the rated power of the load. Thus, it creates the preconditions for significant fuel savings. The use of the power supply station in the proposed design makes it possible to reduce its cost by reducing the power of the converter and increase its energy efficiency by controlling the speed of ICE with a satisfactory accuracy of the output voltage under conditions of a significantly asymmetric load. The reliability of the results obtained in the study is confirmed by computer simulation.
{"title":"Autonomous power supply station based on asynchronous generator with phase rotor and low-power frequency converter","authors":"A. Vinogradov, R.O. Gorelkin","doi":"10.17588/2072-2672.2023.3.043-051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2023.3.043-051","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, asynchronous and synchronous generators with two-link full power frequency converters are the main options to design highly efficient sources of 3-phase voltage with an internal combustion engine (ICE) as a prime mover and a variable speed as a function of the load. It is required to develop and study the effectiveness of the use of an autonomous power supply station with a variable speed based on a low-power frequency converter to reduce its cost with the possibility of saving ICE fuel by controlling the frequency as a function of the load. The description of the power plant and its control system is made at the structural and functional level. The study of its characteristics is carried out by means of computer simulation in the Delphi software package. To assess the potential fuel efficiency of the power plant, a multi-parameter characteristic of the YaMZ-238 internal combustion engine is used. The functional diagram of the power plant, the structural diagram of its control system without the use of a speed sensor are presented. The time diagrams for modeling work on an asymmetric load and its energy characteristics are given. It is shown that the developed power plant allows to provide an effective ICE speed control range of at least 2 with the limitation of the rated power of the converter at the level of 20 % of the rated power of the load. Thus, it creates the preconditions for significant fuel savings. The use of the power supply station in the proposed design makes it possible to reduce its cost by reducing the power of the converter and increase its energy efficiency by controlling the speed of ICE with a satisfactory accuracy of the output voltage under conditions of a significantly asymmetric load. The reliability of the results obtained in the study is confirmed by computer simulation.","PeriodicalId":23635,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik IGEU","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83383800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.17588/2072-2672.2023.3.062-067
B. Staroverov, S. K. Ulybyshev
Energy saving issue in the process of administrative buildings heating is an important one. Dynamic control of room temperature depending on the schedule of its usage gives great opportunities. Dynamic control should meet the criteria of energy efficiency and ensure air temperature in the rooms at time intervals of their usage at the required level in terms of external impact on the building. Obviously, such control can only be implemented by an automatic system. To synthesize such a system, we need mathematical models of room heating as control objects. Consequently, the problem under consideration is relevant. Experimental data and numerical simulation methods are used to obtain mathematical models. Mathematical models are obtained in the state space and in the form of transfer functions for controlling and disturbing influences based on the equations of the dynamic heat balance of the room. Two types of mathematical model of the room are defined. They make it possible to synthesize the laws of qualitative and quantitative control of the heat supply of the building with a given accuracy and to determine schedules of temperature changes depending on the schedule of its use, optimal in terms of minimum energy consumption.
{"title":"Mathematical model of room heating as object of dynamic temperature control","authors":"B. Staroverov, S. K. Ulybyshev","doi":"10.17588/2072-2672.2023.3.062-067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2023.3.062-067","url":null,"abstract":"Energy saving issue in the process of administrative buildings heating is an important one. Dynamic control of room temperature depending on the schedule of its usage gives great opportunities. Dynamic control should meet the criteria of energy efficiency and ensure air temperature in the rooms at time intervals of their usage at the required level in terms of external impact on the building. Obviously, such control can only be implemented by an automatic system. To synthesize such a system, we need mathematical models of room heating as control objects. Consequently, the problem under consideration is relevant. Experimental data and numerical simulation methods are used to obtain mathematical models. Mathematical models are obtained in the state space and in the form of transfer functions for controlling and disturbing influences based on the equations of the dynamic heat balance of the room. Two types of mathematical model of the room are defined. They make it possible to synthesize the laws of qualitative and quantitative control of the heat supply of the building with a given accuracy and to determine schedules of temperature changes depending on the schedule of its use, optimal in terms of minimum energy consumption.","PeriodicalId":23635,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik IGEU","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76372862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.17588/2072-2672.2023.3.005-015
N. Batseva, J. A. Foos
The results of the estimation of power system mode parameters are used to solve important technological tasks by real-time hardware-software packages (HSPs), for instance, the calculation of maximum allowed power flows (MAPFs) via sections by a Control System of Stability Margin (HSP CSSM). Now, in the HSP CSSM the state estimation is realized by the static method. Remote measurements (RMs) obtained from an operative informational complex are used as initial data. With the introduction of Wide-Area Measurement Systems and the possibility to obtain synchronized phasor measurements (SPMs) with a high update rate, it becomes possible to apply and improve state estimation dynamic methods. Even though, many researchers pay attention to the state estimation dynamic method, but practical application of this method and obtained results are presented in papers insufficiently. The goal of the study is to improve the state estimation dynamic method based on the extended Kalman filter and analyze the effectiveness in determining the mode parameters of electric power system. The studies are performed by the developed algorithm of the state estimation dynamic method based on extended Kalman filter. С# is the language for software code. Practical evaluation of the state estimation algorithm has been carried out on the basis of a power system model containing 55 nodes and 76 branches. An improved dynamic method to estimate the state of mode parameters is proposed. The test results show that in steady-state modes, when RMs are not updated on time, the developed dynamic method demonstrates high accuracy for the estimation of mode parameters and MAPFs. The estimation error of a voltage and an active power is low, therefore MAPFs are more specifically than MAPFs obtained by CSSM. Also, this method operates with high accuracy in the post emergency states, but only for that part of the power system, where the topology and mode have not been changed. For the part, where the topology and mode affected, the best result shows the static state estimation method by RMs and SPMs. In post emergency states the static state estimation method offers to form the transfer matrix for the dynamic method, therefore, static and dynamic state estimation methods must be used simultaneously in real-time HSPs. It is an undoubted fact that the use of synchronized phasor measurements as input data increases the accuracy of estimation. These results are expected to implement in the software of HSPs, involving the state estimation component.
{"title":"Effectiveness of application of dynamic state estimation method for mode parameters of power system","authors":"N. Batseva, J. A. Foos","doi":"10.17588/2072-2672.2023.3.005-015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2023.3.005-015","url":null,"abstract":"The results of the estimation of power system mode parameters are used to solve important technological tasks by real-time hardware-software packages (HSPs), for instance, the calculation of maximum allowed power flows (MAPFs) via sections by a Control System of Stability Margin (HSP CSSM). Now, in the HSP CSSM the state estimation is realized by the static method. Remote measurements (RMs) obtained from an operative informational complex are used as initial data. With the introduction of Wide-Area Measurement Systems and the possibility to obtain synchronized phasor measurements (SPMs) with a high update rate, it becomes possible to apply and improve state estimation dynamic methods. Even though, many researchers pay attention to the state estimation dynamic method, but practical application of this method and obtained results are presented in papers insufficiently. The goal of the study is to improve the state estimation dynamic method based on the extended Kalman filter and analyze the effectiveness in determining the mode parameters of electric power system. The studies are performed by the developed algorithm of the state estimation dynamic method based on extended Kalman filter. С# is the language for software code. Practical evaluation of the state estimation algorithm has been carried out on the basis of a power system model containing 55 nodes and 76 branches. An improved dynamic method to estimate the state of mode parameters is proposed. The test results show that in steady-state modes, when RMs are not updated on time, the developed dynamic method demonstrates high accuracy for the estimation of mode parameters and MAPFs. The estimation error of a voltage and an active power is low, therefore MAPFs are more specifically than MAPFs obtained by CSSM. Also, this method operates with high accuracy in the post emergency states, but only for that part of the power system, where the topology and mode have not been changed. For the part, where the topology and mode affected, the best result shows the static state estimation method by RMs and SPMs. In post emergency states the static state estimation method offers to form the transfer matrix for the dynamic method, therefore, static and dynamic state estimation methods must be used simultaneously in real-time HSPs. It is an undoubted fact that the use of synchronized phasor measurements as input data increases the accuracy of estimation. These results are expected to implement in the software of HSPs, involving the state estimation component.","PeriodicalId":23635,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik IGEU","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87574471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.17588/2072-2672.2023.3.068-078
E. Panteleev, A.A. Mukuchyan
Automatic stepwise contextual help for CAD systems users reduces time to solve the application task since it saves time to search the prompt message in system documentation. Petri nets (PN) can be used to bind available actions of the user considering the state of application data (context). Application of the Petri net inversion method, which uses limited enumeration to construct chains of recommended actions is preferable than using the standard reachability analysis procedure based on exhaustive enumeration. However, the absence in the known implementations of an explicit separation of the axioms of inversion (knowledge) from the mechanism of their processing (inference) deprives the stepwise contextual help system of the necessary flexibility when changing the axioms to consider the assumptions associated with a particular model. Thus, the aim of this research is to provide the necessary flexibility of the contextual help system by separating the knowledge representation model from the inference engine. A colored PN is used as a model of user action scenarios. The inversion axioms are implemented in the PROLOG language. The standard inference engine of the PROLOG language is used as a tool to construct chains of recommended actions. The authors have proposed an axiomatic model of PN inversion and a method to construct a stepwise contextual help by the standard inference engine of the PROLOG language. The method differs by explicit separation of knowledge (inversion axioms) from the inference engine (stepwise recommendations). It reduces the computational costs of adapting the contextual help system when changing the inversion axioms. The proposed method allows to reduce the time spent on adapting the contextual help system, since the field of the changes is limited by the declarations of the inversion axioms. The reliability of the results is confirmed since the proposed method of contextual help is used for the CAD “Model and Archive” user of CSoft company. The results obtained allow creating contextual help services for existing applications with minimal changes to their code base.
{"title":"Logical model of stepwise contextual help for CAD user","authors":"E. Panteleev, A.A. Mukuchyan","doi":"10.17588/2072-2672.2023.3.068-078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2023.3.068-078","url":null,"abstract":"Automatic stepwise contextual help for CAD systems users reduces time to solve the application task since it saves time to search the prompt message in system documentation. Petri nets (PN) can be used to bind available actions of the user considering the state of application data (context). Application of the Petri net inversion method, which uses limited enumeration to construct chains of recommended actions is preferable than using the standard reachability analysis procedure based on exhaustive enumeration. However, the absence in the known implementations of an explicit separation of the axioms of inversion (knowledge) from the mechanism of their processing (inference) deprives the stepwise contextual help system of the necessary flexibility when changing the axioms to consider the assumptions associated with a particular model. Thus, the aim of this research is to provide the necessary flexibility of the contextual help system by separating the knowledge representation model from the inference engine. A colored PN is used as a model of user action scenarios. The inversion axioms are implemented in the PROLOG language. The standard inference engine of the PROLOG language is used as a tool to construct chains of recommended actions. The authors have proposed an axiomatic model of PN inversion and a method to construct a stepwise contextual help by the standard inference engine of the PROLOG language. The method differs by explicit separation of knowledge (inversion axioms) from the inference engine (stepwise recommendations). It reduces the computational costs of adapting the contextual help system when changing the inversion axioms. The proposed method allows to reduce the time spent on adapting the contextual help system, since the field of the changes is limited by the declarations of the inversion axioms. The reliability of the results is confirmed since the proposed method of contextual help is used for the CAD “Model and Archive” user of CSoft company. The results obtained allow creating contextual help services for existing applications with minimal changes to their code base.","PeriodicalId":23635,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik IGEU","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81637068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.17588/2072-2672.2023.3.016-024
V. Lebedev, E. Gotovkina
Due to active process of import substitution, domestic industry starts producing the parts previously purchased abroad. These parts are necessary for stable and reliable operation of various technical objects and systems. Thus, the development of a technological installation for hardening a metal profile is topical. The task is complicated by the fact that the profile has very thin irregularly shaped walls, which should be hardened only from the inside, while the outer wall of the profile should be heated minimally to maintain strength. The studies have been carried out on simulation models of electromagnetic and thermal fields, which make it possible to reproduce the process of induction heating of the research object. Since the part has the same shape along the entire length, the simulation of the process of its induction heating is performed in two-dimensional space. The authors have developed a simulation model of the process of induction heating of a part of a non-standard shape, which includes calculations of thermal and electromagnetic fields. The design of the inductor is proposed, supplemented with ferrite inserts, which makes it possible to achieve the temperature regime necessary for the hardening process. The developed simulation model makes it possible to evaluate the distribution of the thermal and electromagnetic fields of the part, thereby predicting getting the temperatures required for its hardening when using various designs of inductors. The results of numerical experiments are consistent with the physical concepts of induction heating and prove the possibility to use induction hardening for thin-walled parts of complex shape instead of laser hardening used for this type of parts. The proposed model can be used in engineering practice to design inductors of non-standard parts.
{"title":"Development of design of an inductor for hardening a part of a complex shape","authors":"V. Lebedev, E. Gotovkina","doi":"10.17588/2072-2672.2023.3.016-024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2023.3.016-024","url":null,"abstract":"Due to active process of import substitution, domestic industry starts producing the parts previously purchased abroad. These parts are necessary for stable and reliable operation of various technical objects and systems. Thus, the development of a technological installation for hardening a metal profile is topical. The task is complicated by the fact that the profile has very thin irregularly shaped walls, which should be hardened only from the inside, while the outer wall of the profile should be heated minimally to maintain strength. The studies have been carried out on simulation models of electromagnetic and thermal fields, which make it possible to reproduce the process of induction heating of the research object. Since the part has the same shape along the entire length, the simulation of the process of its induction heating is performed in two-dimensional space. The authors have developed a simulation model of the process of induction heating of a part of a non-standard shape, which includes calculations of thermal and electromagnetic fields. The design of the inductor is proposed, supplemented with ferrite inserts, which makes it possible to achieve the temperature regime necessary for the hardening process. The developed simulation model makes it possible to evaluate the distribution of the thermal and electromagnetic fields of the part, thereby predicting getting the temperatures required for its hardening when using various designs of inductors. The results of numerical experiments are consistent with the physical concepts of induction heating and prove the possibility to use induction hardening for thin-walled parts of complex shape instead of laser hardening used for this type of parts. The proposed model can be used in engineering practice to design inductors of non-standard parts.","PeriodicalId":23635,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik IGEU","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81044371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.17588/2072-2672.2023.2.005-012
A. Sukhanov, E. Semakina, V. Chernikov, Y. Akulshin, M.V. Zelenkin
Calculated estimation of acoustic resonances in the flow part of gas turbines in the outlet diffusers is a current problem. Its solution will improve vibration reliability of essential elements of gas turbine plant (GTP) – the rear bearing housing support and the blade apparatus. At present there are only a limited number of calculated and experimental works devoted to the study of acoustic resonance effect in the output devices of gas turbines. The objective of this paper is to estimate frequencies of acoustic oscillations in the GTP output diffuser. It allows to avoid coincidence of the indicated frequencies with the frequencies of natural oscillations of GTP structural elements. The results of the analysis of frequencies of acoustic oscillations should be confirmed in further experimental studies of the specified output device, i.e., the output diffuser. The method to solve the problem is computational. The results of numerical calculations of acoustic resonances in the GTP outlet diffuser are used for the analysis. The calculations have been performed in the Modal Acoustics ANSYS Workbench program. The model is described and the computational program to calculate the acoustic modes in the output diffuser is specified. The boundary conditions to perform the specified numerical acoustic calculations are proposed. The modes and corresponding frequencies of acoustic oscillations that are possible in the GTP outlet diffuser are considered. Justification of validity of the results of numerical calculations is their partial comparison with analytical solution for the simplest acoustic model, as well as with the preliminary result of the experimental research. The results of the acoustic calculations of the model of the GTP outlet diffuser allow to determine the modes of acoustic oscillations, and to estimate the frequency range of these modes. To substantiate the calculated estimates of frequencies of acoustic pressure pulsations, as well as to clarify the amplitudes of these pulsations, experimental aerodynamic studies of the model of the outlet diffuser with a rotating turbine stage at the inlet are necessary. Refined calculation model of acoustic resonances in the GTP outlet diffuser will contribute to the offset of frequencies of acoustic gas vibrations from the natural frequencies of vibrations of the GTP structural elements, adjacent to the diffuser. The indicated frequency offset will improve the GTP vibration reliability at the design stage.
{"title":"Estimation of acoustic oscillations frequencies in gas turbine outlet diffuser","authors":"A. Sukhanov, E. Semakina, V. Chernikov, Y. Akulshin, M.V. Zelenkin","doi":"10.17588/2072-2672.2023.2.005-012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2023.2.005-012","url":null,"abstract":"Calculated estimation of acoustic resonances in the flow part of gas turbines in the outlet diffusers is a current problem. Its solution will improve vibration reliability of essential elements of gas turbine plant (GTP) – the rear bearing housing support and the blade apparatus. At present there are only a limited number of calculated and experimental works devoted to the study of acoustic resonance effect in the output devices of gas turbines. The objective of this paper is to estimate frequencies of acoustic oscillations in the GTP output diffuser. It allows to avoid coincidence of the indicated frequencies with the frequencies of natural oscillations of GTP structural elements. The results of the analysis of frequencies of acoustic oscillations should be confirmed in further experimental studies of the specified output device, i.e., the output diffuser. The method to solve the problem is computational. The results of numerical calculations of acoustic resonances in the GTP outlet diffuser are used for the analysis. The calculations have been performed in the Modal Acoustics ANSYS Workbench program. The model is described and the computational program to calculate the acoustic modes in the output diffuser is specified. The boundary conditions to perform the specified numerical acoustic calculations are proposed. The modes and corresponding frequencies of acoustic oscillations that are possible in the GTP outlet diffuser are considered. Justification of validity of the results of numerical calculations is their partial comparison with analytical solution for the simplest acoustic model, as well as with the preliminary result of the experimental research. The results of the acoustic calculations of the model of the GTP outlet diffuser allow to determine the modes of acoustic oscillations, and to estimate the frequency range of these modes. To substantiate the calculated estimates of frequencies of acoustic pressure pulsations, as well as to clarify the amplitudes of these pulsations, experimental aerodynamic studies of the model of the outlet diffuser with a rotating turbine stage at the inlet are necessary. Refined calculation model of acoustic resonances in the GTP outlet diffuser will contribute to the offset of frequencies of acoustic gas vibrations from the natural frequencies of vibrations of the GTP structural elements, adjacent to the diffuser. The indicated frequency offset will improve the GTP vibration reliability at the design stage.","PeriodicalId":23635,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik IGEU","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80956682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：