Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.17588/2072-2672.2024.1.035-043
I.I. Golovanova, A.P. Terekhin, P.A. Maryandyshev
Granulation technology is becoming an increasingly attractive one for the energy use of biomass. The problem to find a suitable method of compaction of various types of biomasses has existed for decades. The purpose of this study is to select the optimal mode to produce pellets from peat fuel. Peat samples collected in the Mezen district of the Arkhangelsk region have been selected as the data for study. Elemental analysis of the studied samples of peat and peat pellets has been carried out using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy on an EDX-8000 spectrometer. Experiments on peat granulation have been carried out in a press granulator of the German company Amandus Kahl. The authors describe the procedure of selection of the operating mode of a press granulator to produce pellets from peat fuel. Optimal regime of pellets production has been selected corresponding to the national standard. An elemental analysis of the studied samples of peat and peat pellets has been carried out using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. The results have shown that the ash content of peat fuel from the Arkhangelsk region is no more than 2 %. Production of environmentally friendly high-calorific pellets from peat corresponding to the National Russian standards allows increasing the energy potential of the Arkhangelsk region. When converting peat into the pellets, the content of carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen (C+N+H) increases, and the content of sulfur and oxygen (O+S) decreases, which leads to the increase of the heat of fuel combustion. Advantages of the use of peat to produce energy are low sulfur content, low ash content and high softening ash temperature.
在生物质能源利用方面，造粒技术正变得越来越有吸引力。几十年来，人们一直在寻找一种合适的方法来压制各种类型的生物质。本研究的目的是选择从泥炭燃料中生产颗粒的最佳模式。在阿尔汉格尔斯克州梅岑地区采集的泥炭样本被选为研究数据。在 EDX-8000 光谱仪上使用 X 射线荧光光谱法对泥炭和泥炭颗粒样本进行了元素分析。泥炭造粒实验是在德国 Amandus Kahl 公司的压制造粒机上进行的。作者描述了利用泥炭燃料生产颗粒的压制造粒机运行模式的选择过程。根据国家标准选择了最佳的颗粒生产方式。使用 X 射线荧光光谱法对所研究的泥炭和泥炭颗粒样本进行了元素分析。结果表明，阿尔汉格尔斯克地区泥炭燃料的灰分含量不超过 2%。用泥炭生产符合俄罗斯国家标准的环保型高热量颗粒燃料，可以提高阿尔汉格尔斯克州的能源潜力。在将泥炭转化为颗粒时，碳、氮和氢（C+N+H）的含量会增加，而硫和氧(O+S)的含量会减少，从而导致燃料燃烧热的增加。使用泥炭生产能源的优点是硫含量低、灰分含量低和软化灰温度高。
{"title":"Study of parameters of production of granular fuel from peat","authors":"I.I. Golovanova, A.P. Terekhin, P.A. Maryandyshev","doi":"10.17588/2072-2672.2024.1.035-043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2024.1.035-043","url":null,"abstract":"Granulation technology is becoming an increasingly attractive one for the energy use of biomass. The problem to find a suitable method of compaction of various types of biomasses has existed for decades. The purpose of this study is to select the optimal mode to produce pellets from peat fuel. Peat samples collected in the Mezen district of the Arkhangelsk region have been selected as the data for study. Elemental analysis of the studied samples of peat and peat pellets has been carried out using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy on an EDX-8000 spectrometer. Experiments on peat granulation have been carried out in a press granulator of the German company Amandus Kahl. The authors describe the procedure of selection of the operating mode of a press granulator to produce pellets from peat fuel. Optimal regime of pellets production has been selected corresponding to the national standard. An elemental analysis of the studied samples of peat and peat pellets has been carried out using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. The results have shown that the ash content of peat fuel from the Arkhangelsk region is no more than 2 %. Production of environmentally friendly high-calorific pellets from peat corresponding to the National Russian standards allows increasing the energy potential of the Arkhangelsk region. When converting peat into the pellets, the content of carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen (C+N+H) increases, and the content of sulfur and oxygen (O+S) decreases, which leads to the increase of the heat of fuel combustion. Advantages of the use of peat to produce energy are low sulfur content, low ash content and high softening ash temperature.","PeriodicalId":23635,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik IGEU","volume":"127 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140423938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.17588/2072-2672.2024.1.053-059
L.V. Vaytelenok, V.S. Kovzhenkin
Currently, various magnetic field sensors located at a distance from the signal source are widely used in technology. The development and optimization of the designs of such sensors is often carried out using computer modeling, which requires not only large computing resources, but also significant time costs. Thus, the development and application of special methods to reduce the time spent on modeling these converters are relevant. The solution of differential equations in the magnetic field model of the converter is performed using the finite element method implemented in the COMSOL Multiphysics program. The solution of the chain model is obtained based on the general provisions of the theory of circuits using the built-in electric circuit editor in the COMSOL Multiphysics program. The use of a submodeling technique is proposed to solve transient processes in magnetic field sensors with a magnetic circuit and located at a great distance from the signal source. It is proposed to use the solution of a two-dimensional model as initial conditions. A technique to determine the size of a submodel is presented by comparing the results of two two-dimensional models, one of which does not consider the magnetic circuit. The factors influencing the effectiveness of the proposed technique are determined. The developed submodel tuning technique reduces the simulation time of magnetic field sensors with an error of replacing the complete model with a submodel of no more than 1 %. Application of the proposed submodeling technique will improve the efficiency of the design of magnetic field sensors.
{"title":"Application of submodeling technique to reduce time spent modeling remote magnetic field sensors","authors":"L.V. Vaytelenok, V.S. Kovzhenkin","doi":"10.17588/2072-2672.2024.1.053-059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2024.1.053-059","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, various magnetic field sensors located at a distance from the signal source are widely used in technology. The development and optimization of the designs of such sensors is often carried out using computer modeling, which requires not only large computing resources, but also significant time costs. Thus, the development and application of special methods to reduce the time spent on modeling these converters are relevant. The solution of differential equations in the magnetic field model of the converter is performed using the finite element method implemented in the COMSOL Multiphysics program. The solution of the chain model is obtained based on the general provisions of the theory of circuits using the built-in electric circuit editor in the COMSOL Multiphysics program. The use of a submodeling technique is proposed to solve transient processes in magnetic field sensors with a magnetic circuit and located at a great distance from the signal source. It is proposed to use the solution of a two-dimensional model as initial conditions. A technique to determine the size of a submodel is presented by comparing the results of two two-dimensional models, one of which does not consider the magnetic circuit. The factors influencing the effectiveness of the proposed technique are determined. The developed submodel tuning technique reduces the simulation time of magnetic field sensors with an error of replacing the complete model with a submodel of no more than 1 %. Application of the proposed submodeling technique will improve the efficiency of the design of magnetic field sensors.","PeriodicalId":23635,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik IGEU","volume":"34 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140418596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.17588/2072-2672.2024.1.085-091
V. Zhukov, G. V. Ledukhovsky, M.D. Fomichev, А.N. Belyakov, M.A. Kuznetsov
For power plants reduction of heat losses is one of the main ways to save energy. Energy saving issue is one of the priority areas of the development of science, engineering, and technology in the Russian Federation. Efficiency upgrading of the equipment operation are associated with the condensers of turbine units, since more than 50 percent of the fuel energy is released into the environment with cooling water. The operating efficiency of a condenser with built-in heating beams significantly affects the vacuum in the condenser and, thus, the operating efficiency of the entire unit. Diagnostics of the condition and improvement of operating modes of the condenser of a turbine unit with a built-in heating unit is an urgent scientific and practical issue. To develop a model of a condenser with a built-in heating beam, the methodology of matrix formalization of the description of heat and mass transfer processes has been used. To solve the problem of diagnosing the condition of equipment, methods of least squares and mathematical programming have been used. Within the framework of the matrix formalization methodology, the authors have developed an approach to solve inverse problems of diagnosing and designing multi-flow heat exchange equipment considering the phase transition in coolants. The authors have obtained and analyzed solutions of the inverse problem from the point of view of diagnosing the state of heat exchange equipment using the example of a turbine unit condenser with a built-in heating beam. Analysis of the calculated results has shown an adequate description by the model of the standard data for the analyzed condenser. Analysis results have shown the possibility to use the model for runtime diagnosis of the condition of power equipment and the efficient use of energy resources due to preventing ineffective modes. The proposed approach allows us to formulate and solve inverse problems of diagnosing the state of equipment of condensing units for various purposes.
{"title":"Solution of inverse heat transfer problem in condenser of a turbine unit with built-in heating unit","authors":"V. Zhukov, G. V. Ledukhovsky, M.D. Fomichev, А.N. Belyakov, M.A. Kuznetsov","doi":"10.17588/2072-2672.2024.1.085-091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2024.1.085-091","url":null,"abstract":"For power plants reduction of heat losses is one of the main ways to save energy. Energy saving issue is one of the priority areas of the development of science, engineering, and technology in the Russian Federation. Efficiency upgrading of the equipment operation are associated with the condensers of turbine units, since more than 50 percent of the fuel energy is released into the environment with cooling water. The operating efficiency of a condenser with built-in heating beams significantly affects the vacuum in the condenser and, thus, the operating efficiency of the entire unit. Diagnostics of the condition and improvement of operating modes of the condenser of a turbine unit with a built-in heating unit is an urgent scientific and practical issue. To develop a model of a condenser with a built-in heating beam, the methodology of matrix formalization of the description of heat and mass transfer processes has been used. To solve the problem of diagnosing the condition of equipment, methods of least squares and mathematical programming have been used. Within the framework of the matrix formalization methodology, the authors have developed an approach to solve inverse problems of diagnosing and designing multi-flow heat exchange equipment considering the phase transition in coolants. The authors have obtained and analyzed solutions of the inverse problem from the point of view of diagnosing the state of heat exchange equipment using the example of a turbine unit condenser with a built-in heating beam. Analysis of the calculated results has shown an adequate description by the model of the standard data for the analyzed condenser. Analysis results have shown the possibility to use the model for runtime diagnosis of the condition of power equipment and the efficient use of energy resources due to preventing ineffective modes. The proposed approach allows us to formulate and solve inverse problems of diagnosing the state of equipment of condensing units for various purposes.","PeriodicalId":23635,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik IGEU","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140420025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.17588/2072-2672.2024.1.044-052
F. Kulikov, A. Murzin, I. Ivanov, Y. Umnov
The technology of synchronized phasor measurements has been widely used in the Russian power system to analyze the parameters of steady-state electrical power modes and to record electro-mechanical transient processes. Issues on fault location based on synchronized phasor measurements have mainly been discussed in foreign publications. A significant drawback of most research papers on this issue is simplified modeling of both overhead lines and current and voltage measurement channel as well as digital filters of phasor measurement units (PMUs). The goal of this research is to develop a fault location algorithm based on synchrophasor measurements and to study its accuracy by using specialized equipment including a real-time digital simulator (RTDS), PONOVO current and voltage amplifiers and production-grade PMUs. A PMU-based double-ended fault location algorithm is developed using long-line equations and well-known electromagnetic transient theory concepts. Currents and voltage oscillograms of both overhead transmission line ends are modelled in the MATLAB/Simulink software package. These oscillograms are saved as COMTRADE files and played back using the RTDS hardware and all-in-one software package RSCAD. In addition, the study uses two production-grade PMUs, the first one is TPA-02, and the second one is a merging unit ENMU acting as a PMU, thus imitating PMUs at the line terminals. To time-align all the measurements and to aggregate PMU data frames, various auxiliary software such as PMU Connection Tester, and hardware is used. A double-ended fault location (FL) method utilizing synchrophasors under a fault has been developed. The method is based on an overdetermined system of nonlinear equations that describes physical processes in an overhead power line and can be applied under various fault types. An integrated study of the efficiency of the developed FL method has been conducted. FL errors have been computed using production-grade PMUs ENMU and TPA-02, along with the RTDS and other equipment. The authors have considered the case of configuring PMUs of different classes at the overhead line terminals, and different phasor reporting rates as well. The conducted experiments make it possible to reveal that the fault location errors do not exceed the thresholds imposed by the standard STO 56947007-29.120.70.241-2017 in 88 % of all the analyzed fault scenarios. The developed FL method makes it possible to achieve the accuracy required by regulatory guide in calculating the distance to the short circuit point in most of the cases examined. Based on the results of numerical experiments for various types of fault cases, it can be concluded that the PMU class and phasor reporting rate do not have a significant impact on the FL accuracy, provided that the fault duration is enough for the PMU filter to approach a steady output.
{"title":"Study of accuracy of overhead transmission line fault location based on data of phasor measurement units of different configuration and manufacturers","authors":"F. Kulikov, A. Murzin, I. Ivanov, Y. Umnov","doi":"10.17588/2072-2672.2024.1.044-052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2024.1.044-052","url":null,"abstract":"The technology of synchronized phasor measurements has been widely used in the Russian power system to analyze the parameters of steady-state electrical power modes and to record electro-mechanical transient processes. Issues on fault location based on synchronized phasor measurements have mainly been discussed in foreign publications. A significant drawback of most research papers on this issue is simplified modeling of both overhead lines and current and voltage measurement channel as well as digital filters of phasor measurement units (PMUs). The goal of this research is to develop a fault location algorithm based on synchrophasor measurements and to study its accuracy by using specialized equipment including a real-time digital simulator (RTDS), PONOVO current and voltage amplifiers and production-grade PMUs. A PMU-based double-ended fault location algorithm is developed using long-line equations and well-known electromagnetic transient theory concepts. Currents and voltage oscillograms of both overhead transmission line ends are modelled in the MATLAB/Simulink software package. These oscillograms are saved as COMTRADE files and played back using the RTDS hardware and all-in-one software package RSCAD. In addition, the study uses two production-grade PMUs, the first one is TPA-02, and the second one is a merging unit ENMU acting as a PMU, thus imitating PMUs at the line terminals. To time-align all the measurements and to aggregate PMU data frames, various auxiliary software such as PMU Connection Tester, and hardware is used. A double-ended fault location (FL) method utilizing synchrophasors under a fault has been developed. The method is based on an overdetermined system of nonlinear equations that describes physical processes in an overhead power line and can be applied under various fault types. An integrated study of the efficiency of the developed FL method has been conducted. FL errors have been computed using production-grade PMUs ENMU and TPA-02, along with the RTDS and other equipment. The authors have considered the case of configuring PMUs of different classes at the overhead line terminals, and different phasor reporting rates as well. The conducted experiments make it possible to reveal that the fault location errors do not exceed the thresholds imposed by the standard STO 56947007-29.120.70.241-2017 in 88 % of all the analyzed fault scenarios. The developed FL method makes it possible to achieve the accuracy required by regulatory guide in calculating the distance to the short circuit point in most of the cases examined. Based on the results of numerical experiments for various types of fault cases, it can be concluded that the PMU class and phasor reporting rate do not have a significant impact on the FL accuracy, provided that the fault duration is enough for the PMU filter to approach a steady output.","PeriodicalId":23635,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik IGEU","volume":"54 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140421467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.17588/2072-2672.2024.1.020-027
A.P. Terekhin, P. Maryandyshev, V. Lyubov
The combustion of biofuels in the fluidized bed is an attractive technology to process biomass. However, the technology of biomass combustion in fluidize beds is characterized by several problems associated with the agglomeration of bed material. The aim of the research is to study the influence of the chemical composition of biomass on the agglomeration process of the fluidized bed of the boiler unit E-75-3,9-440 DFT. The boiler burns a mixture of by-products of pulp and paper production to increase stability of the fluidized bed and the duration of boiler operation between periods of its deslagging. The study has tested two types of biomass burned in a mixture in a steam boiler unit E-75-3,9-440 DFT with a fluidized bed. The authors also have studied the samples of agglomerates, bed, and fly ash to find out more about the agglomeration process. The elemental composition of samples of bark-wood waste, sewage sludge, agglomerates and ash has been studied. Elements affecting the process of agglomeration of the fluidized bed have been identified. The results of the analysis have showed that essential ash- and slag-forming components in the sewage sludge are silicon, calcium, sulfur, and potassium, and in the bark wood waste the essential ash- and slag-forming components are calcium, potassium, and sodium. The main elements influencing the process of agglomeration of the fluidized bed are alkaline elements of potassium and sodium. The results obtained make it possible to predict the agglomeration of the fluidized bed, to select the fuel mixture in the proportion necessary to reduce the agglomeration process.
{"title":"Influence of chemical composition of biomass on agglomeration process in fluidized bed of boiler E-75-3,9-440 DFT","authors":"A.P. Terekhin, P. Maryandyshev, V. Lyubov","doi":"10.17588/2072-2672.2024.1.020-027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2024.1.020-027","url":null,"abstract":"The combustion of biofuels in the fluidized bed is an attractive technology to process biomass. However, the technology of biomass combustion in fluidize beds is characterized by several problems associated with the agglomeration of bed material. The aim of the research is to study the influence of the chemical composition of biomass on the agglomeration process of the fluidized bed of the boiler unit E-75-3,9-440 DFT. The boiler burns a mixture of by-products of pulp and paper production to increase stability of the fluidized bed and the duration of boiler operation between periods of its deslagging. The study has tested two types of biomass burned in a mixture in a steam boiler unit E-75-3,9-440 DFT with a fluidized bed. The authors also have studied the samples of agglomerates, bed, and fly ash to find out more about the agglomeration process. The elemental composition of samples of bark-wood waste, sewage sludge, agglomerates and ash has been studied. Elements affecting the process of agglomeration of the fluidized bed have been identified. The results of the analysis have showed that essential ash- and slag-forming components in the sewage sludge are silicon, calcium, sulfur, and potassium, and in the bark wood waste the essential ash- and slag-forming components are calcium, potassium, and sodium. The main elements influencing the process of agglomeration of the fluidized bed are alkaline elements of potassium and sodium. The results obtained make it possible to predict the agglomeration of the fluidized bed, to select the fuel mixture in the proportion necessary to reduce the agglomeration process.","PeriodicalId":23635,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik IGEU","volume":"288 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140417990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.17588/2072-2672.2024.1.076-084
A. Abbyasov, S. Tararykin, A. Anisimov, V. V. Apolonsky
Since manipulation robots can have several control channels, and their nonlinear coordinate relationships lead to internal parametric disturbances, along with variations in mechanical parameters, the use of Gramian methods for the synthesis of robust automatic control systems seems to be an effective way to improve the quality of control of such objects. When developing a robust control system for a manipulative robot, the method of polynomial modal control is used, local regulators are synthesized for both parts of the manipulator and a centralized controller is synthesized using an object model adjusted by the Gramian method. The calculations of the regulator based on the linear model of a two-link robot manipulator and the analysis of the transient characteristics of the movement of its links are carried out in the MATLAB software package. A method to synthesize a robust control system for a manipulation robot is proposed. It is based on a linearized mathematical model of a control object with a dynamic (polynomial) controller, aimed at changing the singular number of controllability and observability Gramians and subsequent calculation of a centralized controller to control the original nonlinear object. The use of a modified object model makes it possible to improve the robust properties and increase the speed of the control system for a nonlinear robotic object while maintaining the aperiodic nature of the processes under conditions of mutual influence of links and parameter variations. The proposed method makes it possible to improve the quality of control of manipulative robots and their productivity in conditions of intensification of technological production.
{"title":"Synthesis of a robust control system for a manipulation robot with polynomial controllers based on Gramian method","authors":"A. Abbyasov, S. Tararykin, A. Anisimov, V. V. Apolonsky","doi":"10.17588/2072-2672.2024.1.076-084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2024.1.076-084","url":null,"abstract":"Since manipulation robots can have several control channels, and their nonlinear coordinate relationships lead to internal parametric disturbances, along with variations in mechanical parameters, the use of Gramian methods for the synthesis of robust automatic control systems seems to be an effective way to improve the quality of control of such objects. When developing a robust control system for a manipulative robot, the method of polynomial modal control is used, local regulators are synthesized for both parts of the manipulator and a centralized controller is synthesized using an object model adjusted by the Gramian method. The calculations of the regulator based on the linear model of a two-link robot manipulator and the analysis of the transient characteristics of the movement of its links are carried out in the MATLAB software package. A method to synthesize a robust control system for a manipulation robot is proposed. It is based on a linearized mathematical model of a control object with a dynamic (polynomial) controller, aimed at changing the singular number of controllability and observability Gramians and subsequent calculation of a centralized controller to control the original nonlinear object. The use of a modified object model makes it possible to improve the robust properties and increase the speed of the control system for a nonlinear robotic object while maintaining the aperiodic nature of the processes under conditions of mutual influence of links and parameter variations. The proposed method makes it possible to improve the quality of control of manipulative robots and their productivity in conditions of intensification of technological production.","PeriodicalId":23635,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik IGEU","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140418282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.17588/2072-2672.2024.1.012-019
I.K. Muravyov, D. Shinkevich
When regulating gas turbine units, it is necessary to be confident in the stable combustion process in the combustion chambers, considering the dynamics of the processes and changes of external climatic factors. Many scientific studies are devoted to the problems of experimental research and mathematical modeling of processes in combustion chambers. The possibilities of flame failure, expansion of the lower limit of combustion, determination of the stable position of the flame front and other issues have been assessed. Even though the problem of design of mathematical models and their use remains relevant. The purpose of this research is to model and study the influence of operation and climatic factors on the stability of combustion in the combustion chamber of the SGT5-4000F gas turbine unit. The subject of the research is the SGT5-4000F gas turbine unit with a low-emission combustion chamber. The simulation model of the gas turbine unit has been developed in the environment of dynamic modeling of technical systems SimInTech. The research is carried out using theoretical methods of calculating fuel combustion, thermodynamic foundations of the theory of gas turbine engines, methods of mathematical and simulation modeling, as well as data from the archive of automated process control systems. A simulation model of SGT5-4000F gas turbine unit has been developed. It is distinguished by the ability to assess the proximity of the compressor operating mode to the stability limit and determine the boundaries of stable combustion procedure in the combustion chamber, considering environmental climatic factors. The authors have studied the stability of the compressor and combustion chamber. The results of the experimental studies of a gas turbine unit in the operating load range from 113 to 282 MW and in the range of outside air temperature from –12 to 30 °C have shown that the combustion process in the combustion chamber is unvarying over the entire operational stress spectrum. The results obtained are verified by comparing model values with technological parameters of a gas turbine unit taken from the archive of the power plant control system. The authors have assessed the influence of electrical load on the performance indicators of a gas turbine unit at outdoor temperatures of +30, +15 and –12 °C. According to the results of simulation modeling, the model of SGT5-4000F gas turbine unit is found to be adequate. The developed model can be used as a tool at the stage of functional and technological design of automated control systems for the development of effective automatic control systems.
{"title":"Modeling the operation of SGT5-4000F gas turbine unit and study of influence of operating and climatic factors on the stability of combustion in combustion chamber","authors":"I.K. Muravyov, D. Shinkevich","doi":"10.17588/2072-2672.2024.1.012-019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2024.1.012-019","url":null,"abstract":"When regulating gas turbine units, it is necessary to be confident in the stable combustion process in the combustion chambers, considering the dynamics of the processes and changes of external climatic factors. Many scientific studies are devoted to the problems of experimental research and mathematical modeling of processes in combustion chambers. The possibilities of flame failure, expansion of the lower limit of combustion, determination of the stable position of the flame front and other issues have been assessed. Even though the problem of design of mathematical models and their use remains relevant. The purpose of this research is to model and study the influence of operation and climatic factors on the stability of combustion in the combustion chamber of the SGT5-4000F gas turbine unit. The subject of the research is the SGT5-4000F gas turbine unit with a low-emission combustion chamber. The simulation model of the gas turbine unit has been developed in the environment of dynamic modeling of technical systems SimInTech. The research is carried out using theoretical methods of calculating fuel combustion, thermodynamic foundations of the theory of gas turbine engines, methods of mathematical and simulation modeling, as well as data from the archive of automated process control systems. A simulation model of SGT5-4000F gas turbine unit has been developed. It is distinguished by the ability to assess the proximity of the compressor operating mode to the stability limit and determine the boundaries of stable combustion procedure in the combustion chamber, considering environmental climatic factors. The authors have studied the stability of the compressor and combustion chamber. The results of the experimental studies of a gas turbine unit in the operating load range from 113 to 282 MW and in the range of outside air temperature from –12 to 30 °C have shown that the combustion process in the combustion chamber is unvarying over the entire operational stress spectrum. The results obtained are verified by comparing model values with technological parameters of a gas turbine unit taken from the archive of the power plant control system. The authors have assessed the influence of electrical load on the performance indicators of a gas turbine unit at outdoor temperatures of +30, +15 and –12 °C. According to the results of simulation modeling, the model of SGT5-4000F gas turbine unit is found to be adequate. The developed model can be used as a tool at the stage of functional and technological design of automated control systems for the development of effective automatic control systems.","PeriodicalId":23635,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik IGEU","volume":"86 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140422793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.17588/2072-2672.2024.1.028-034
I.V. Yanchenko, N. Kurnakova, A. V. Nuzhdin
Recently, the advantages and prospects to use piston gas internal combustion engines for the combined generation of electrical and thermal energy have become increasingly obvious. The range of single capacities of gas piston units (GPU) ranges from 0,1 MW to tens of MW, which makes them more attractive when designing various power facilities. Most brands of gas piston units can operate in co-generation mode, that is, as a combined heat and power plant that simultaneously generates electrical and thermal energy. The purpose of this study is to substantiate the possibility of integrated use of heat of the cooling systems of the gas piston engine of a thermal power plant (TPP). The studies conducted are carried out using well-known methods of thermodynamic calculation of the internal combustion engine cycle, of determination of the components of its thermal balance and thermal calculation of the equipment for utilization of secondary thermal energy resources. The results of the analysis of the heat losses of the GPU drive engine have showed that the total losses during its operation are about 11544,5 kW. Average potential heat losses with flue gases are 45,87 %, and low-potential heat losses with water in cooling systems and oil in lubrication systems are 53,14 %. A schematic diagram is proposed for the integrated utilization of thermal renewable energy resources (RES) at a gas piston thermal power plant. The main difference between the proposed scheme and the existing technical solutions is the utilization of the heat of the low-temperature charge air cooling system after the second section of the compressor and the heat of the engine lubrication system. An analysis of the expenditure part of the energy balance of the drive engine in case of the integrated use of thermal RES in the GPU cycle, has showed that the implementation of energy-saving measures will make it possible to usefully use up to 93,05 % of the supplied energy in the generation of electrical and thermal power.
{"title":"Increasing energy efficiency of gas piston TPP through integrated use of thermal secondary energy resources","authors":"I.V. Yanchenko, N. Kurnakova, A. V. Nuzhdin","doi":"10.17588/2072-2672.2024.1.028-034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2024.1.028-034","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, the advantages and prospects to use piston gas internal combustion engines for the combined generation of electrical and thermal energy have become increasingly obvious. The range of single capacities of gas piston units (GPU) ranges from 0,1 MW to tens of MW, which makes them more attractive when designing various power facilities. Most brands of gas piston units can operate in co-generation mode, that is, as a combined heat and power plant that simultaneously generates electrical and thermal energy. The purpose of this study is to substantiate the possibility of integrated use of heat of the cooling systems of the gas piston engine of a thermal power plant (TPP). The studies conducted are carried out using well-known methods of thermodynamic calculation of the internal combustion engine cycle, of determination of the components of its thermal balance and thermal calculation of the equipment for utilization of secondary thermal energy resources. The results of the analysis of the heat losses of the GPU drive engine have showed that the total losses during its operation are about 11544,5 kW. Average potential heat losses with flue gases are 45,87 %, and low-potential heat losses with water in cooling systems and oil in lubrication systems are 53,14 %. A schematic diagram is proposed for the integrated utilization of thermal renewable energy resources (RES) at a gas piston thermal power plant. The main difference between the proposed scheme and the existing technical solutions is the utilization of the heat of the low-temperature charge air cooling system after the second section of the compressor and the heat of the engine lubrication system. An analysis of the expenditure part of the energy balance of the drive engine in case of the integrated use of thermal RES in the GPU cycle, has showed that the implementation of energy-saving measures will make it possible to usefully use up to 93,05 % of the supplied energy in the generation of electrical and thermal power.","PeriodicalId":23635,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik IGEU","volume":"5 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140420915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.17588/2072-2672.2024.1.060-065
A.M. Gulov, A. Kolychev
The corona effect has a significant impact on calculations of lightning protection of the high-voltage overhead transmission line. The corona effect in the calculation of the transient process during a lightning overvoltages is often neglected due to the complexity of modeling the corona effect. The issue of the corona effect influence on the operation of non-linear surge suppressors installed on overhead lines hasn’t been sufficiently studied. The aim of the research is to evaluate the energy characteristics of linear surge arresters considering the corona effect on the overhead line. Simulation of the transient process on the overhead line during lightning overvoltages is carried out in the EMTP-ATP software. There is no corona model among the basic models in EMTP-ATP software. Thus, the corona model on overhead line wires using dynamic capacitances is under consideration. A model of corona on overhead line wires in EMTP-ATP is developed. Calculations of energy characteristics of linear surge arresters on an overhead line model considering the corona and without corona effect are carried out. The comparison of the obtained energy characteristics is carried out. The corona has a significant effect on the energy absorbed by the linear surge arresters during lightning strikes to the ground-wire if the front time of the lightning current impulse has a value near 1 s. When lightning strikes to the phase wire, the energy absorbed by the linear surge arresters is so great that the influence of the corona effect is insignificant. The corona model used in calculations in EMTP-ATP software has several limitations. Therefore, in future research it’s advisable to improve the model and simplify it, when calculating lightning protection of overhead lines.
{"title":"Study of influence of corona effect on 110 kV overhead line, lightning protection cable on energy characteristics of linear surge arresters during lightning overvoltages","authors":"A.M. Gulov, A. Kolychev","doi":"10.17588/2072-2672.2024.1.060-065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2024.1.060-065","url":null,"abstract":"The corona effect has a significant impact on calculations of lightning protection of the high-voltage overhead transmission line. The corona effect in the calculation of the transient process during a lightning overvoltages is often neglected due to the complexity of modeling the corona effect. The issue of the corona effect influence on the operation of non-linear surge suppressors installed on overhead lines hasn’t been sufficiently studied. The aim of the research is to evaluate the energy characteristics of linear surge arresters considering the corona effect on the overhead line. Simulation of the transient process on the overhead line during lightning overvoltages is carried out in the EMTP-ATP software. There is no corona model among the basic models in EMTP-ATP software. Thus, the corona model on overhead line wires using dynamic capacitances is under consideration. A model of corona on overhead line wires in EMTP-ATP is developed. Calculations of energy characteristics of linear surge arresters on an overhead line model considering the corona and without corona effect are carried out. The comparison of the obtained energy characteristics is carried out. The corona has a significant effect on the energy absorbed by the linear surge arresters during lightning strikes to the ground-wire if the front time of the lightning current impulse has a value near 1 s. When lightning strikes to the phase wire, the energy absorbed by the linear surge arresters is so great that the influence of the corona effect is insignificant. The corona model used in calculations in EMTP-ATP software has several limitations. Therefore, in future research it’s advisable to improve the model and simplify it, when calculating lightning protection of overhead lines.","PeriodicalId":23635,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik IGEU","volume":"36 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140421811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.17588/2072-2672.2024.1.066-075
A. B. Vinogradov, R. Gorelkin
The known methods to estimate the position in drives based on synchronous motors with incorporated magnets have significant limitations in accuracy and noise immunity at high frequencies of the main voltage harmonic. Due to the requirements to improve the weight, size, and cost indicators of electric drives, it is relevant to design a sensorless synchronous drive operating with frequencies from 0 to 1000 Hz and more in the presence of a wide 5…10:1 speed control zone with a constant nominal power. The results of the study are based on the analysis of theoretical and experimental data obtained by other authors, as well as computer modeling in the Delphi software environment. The initial information for the simulation is obtained from the technical description guide and data of a full-scale experiment on a real-life object. A vector control system has been developed for a high-frequency synchronous motor with incorporated magnets without a mechanical coordinate sensor based on a combination of speed and position estimation methods by means of high-frequency injection and EMF calculation. The study of the developed system is carried out by means of modeling, considering the influence of interference in the measuring channels and the effect of cross-saturation of the magnetic circuit. The proposed structure and control algorithms have provided operability and high-quality control indicators sufficient to design a traction drive with a maximum frequency of 800 Hz or more and an area of operation in a constant rated power mode of at least 8:1 with a signal-to-noise ratio characteristic of typical current sensors.
{"title":"Sensorless control system for high-frequency synchronous motor with incorporated magnets based on combined method of position estimation","authors":"A. B. Vinogradov, R. Gorelkin","doi":"10.17588/2072-2672.2024.1.066-075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2024.1.066-075","url":null,"abstract":"The known methods to estimate the position in drives based on synchronous motors with incorporated magnets have significant limitations in accuracy and noise immunity at high frequencies of the main voltage harmonic. Due to the requirements to improve the weight, size, and cost indicators of electric drives, it is relevant to design a sensorless synchronous drive operating with frequencies from 0 to 1000 Hz and more in the presence of a wide 5…10:1 speed control zone with a constant nominal power. The results of the study are based on the analysis of theoretical and experimental data obtained by other authors, as well as computer modeling in the Delphi software environment. The initial information for the simulation is obtained from the technical description guide and data of a full-scale experiment on a real-life object. A vector control system has been developed for a high-frequency synchronous motor with incorporated magnets without a mechanical coordinate sensor based on a combination of speed and position estimation methods by means of high-frequency injection and EMF calculation. The study of the developed system is carried out by means of modeling, considering the influence of interference in the measuring channels and the effect of cross-saturation of the magnetic circuit. The proposed structure and control algorithms have provided operability and high-quality control indicators sufficient to design a traction drive with a maximum frequency of 800 Hz or more and an area of operation in a constant rated power mode of at least 8:1 with a signal-to-noise ratio characteristic of typical current sensors.","PeriodicalId":23635,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik IGEU","volume":"101 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140423729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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