Vestnik IGEU最新文献

{"title":"Model-based programming as a technique of electromechanical engineer","authors":"I. Polyuschenkov","doi":"10.17588/2072-2672.2023.1.060-070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2023.1.060-070","url":null,"abstract":"Modern electric drives with microprocessor control are complex technical systems with software that ensures the coordination of various physical processes for automatic motion control. At the same time, electromechanical engineers have a little knowledge about modern microprocessor technology, expressive and convenient programming languages, as well as modern software development and debugging technologies. Thus, it is difficult for them to develop electric drives independently. In addition, there is a professional gap between electromechanical engineers and programmers, which keeps them from cooperation on the software of electric drives. Nowadays, there are model-based programming tools designed to develop software in graphical form with a description of the built-in microcontroller modules in the form of configurable model blocks. However, the theoretical and practical issues of this technology are still limited and require development. Thus, the aim to develop model-based programming as a full-fledged technology for control systems development is relevant. Electromechanical engineers, on the one hand, and software developers, on the other hand, are the target of the research using the method of system analysis of professional competencies. The importance of the software for the electric drive microprocessor control systems is considered. The author assesses the capabilities of an electromechanical engineer who has been trained as a bachelor and master’s degree student in the field of “Electric Power and Electrical Engineering” as a developer of microprocessor-controlled electric drives. The author describes the model-based programming technique as an effective technology to develop software for microprocessor control systems intended for engineers of different spheres, including electromechanical engineers, whose activities are related to the development of electric drives. The author suggests an approach based on the application of model-based programming technology to develop microprocessor control systems for electric drives. The approach makes it possible to improve the competence of electromechanical engineers in the field of software development of control systems. Model-based programming technique contributes to the development of modern microprocessor technology and development technologies as an effective tool for independent development of software of electric drive systems by electromechanical engineers without assistance of programmers.","PeriodicalId":23635,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik IGEU","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77553428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synchronous multiphase electric drive with main control power channel","authors":"A. Golubev","doi":"10.17588/2072-2672.2023.1.053-059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2023.1.053-059","url":null,"abstract":"One of the options to improve the technical and economic characteristics of a synchronous electric drive is to design it based on an actuating motor with an increased number of phases. However, the characteristics of m-phase (m > 3) synchronous motor associated with the transfer of electromagnetic energy by a whole spectrum of spatial harmonic fields sets the task to develop an automatic control system that considers these features. The method to calculate the characteristics of an m-phase synchronous motor in quasi-stationary modes based on the use of spectral vectors of electromagnetic parameters for its individual substructures as a control object is used. The authors have proposed an approach to study and calculate energy characteristics of m-phase synchronous motor for different control laws implemented on the basis of equations of its design equivalent circuit. The results of the study of the main energy characteristics of the engine for various control laws along the main energy channel are presented. To implement the advantages of a multiphase synchronous motor, it is necessary to force the required mutual arrangement of the flux linkage vectors and stator current for higher spatial harmonics. It can be implemented based on the multi-channel principle of control system design.","PeriodicalId":23635,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik IGEU","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85870842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Equivalence of sections of electric power systems based on operating parameters in equivalence nodes","authors":"D.Yu. Vikharev, E. Vorobyova, D.I. Gandzhaev, A. Lifshits, A. Murzin, N. A. Rodin","doi":"10.17588/2072-2672.2023.1.025-030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2023.1.025-030","url":null,"abstract":"When modeling steady-state and transient operating modes in electric power systems, it is necessary to determine a section of the electrical network to simplify the processes occurring in the area not covered by equivalenting. In this case, it is necessary to identify equivalents and relationships with respect to the speci-fied section. The purpose of the research is to determine the parameters of the equivalent sections of power systems and their relationships with respect to the given nodes. Methods of mathematical modeling of the elements of power systems, methods of the theory of electric circuits, and methods of matrix analysis are used. To verify the results, electrical circuits of existing power systems and the software package “Auto-mated Workplace of Relay Protection and Automation Service” have been applied. The implementation of the algorithm is carried out using programming in the Python environment. An algorithm to determine the parameters of equivalent circuits of positive, negative and zero sequences is developed and tested when solving the problem of equivalenting a network section with respect to given nodes. Comparison of the levels of currents in case of short circuits according to the developed algorithm and the software package “Automated Workplace of Relay Protection and Automation Service” in the equivalent nodes shows the high accuracy of the equivalent results in accordance with the developed algorithm. The algorithm considers transformer connections when equivalenting with respect to the nodes located at different voltage classes, as well as phase shifts caused by the star-delta conversion.","PeriodicalId":23635,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik IGEU","volume":"1635 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76279807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methodology and results of analysis of output energy quality of autonomous AC power supply systems with modular static converters in steady-state mode","authors":"D. Korobkov","doi":"10.17588/2072-2672.2023.1.011-024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2023.1.011-024","url":null,"abstract":"Modern autonomous power supply systems (APSS) of alternating voltage with high-frequency modular static converters (SC) operate under conditions of a large range of changes of the parameters of the primary source of electrical energy and load with modes of intermittent phase currents of the SC modules. APSS with high-frequency modular SC are characterized by a complex spectral distribution of the output energy coordinates with the dominance of canonical harmonics. Thus, the task to develop methods for analyzing the quality of generated electric power of such type of APSS in a wide range of disturbing factors with the dominance of canonical harmonics in the coordinates of the output energy is relevant. For the specified type of APSS, it is reasonable to use the time deformation method for the average values of the coordinates of the output energy under the sinusoidal modulation law on the interval of constancy of the SC structure. The procedure to investigate the influence of APSS operating modes and methods of correction of the modulation law on the quality of output energy is demonstrated by the example of two types of systems. The authors have defined the conditions of the worst value of the harmonic coefficient of the output current in APSS with cycloconverter and multiphase permanent magnets synchronous generator. The authors have demonstrated the effect of modifying the control law by shifting the modulation center and introducing negative current feedback on the possibility to improve the coefficient by 50 %. The authors have defined the conditions of the worst value of the harmonic coefficients of the internal EMF and output current in APSS with an intermediate DC voltage link and a modular two-level voltage inverter. The proposed method to analyze the steady-state operation of APSS with high-frequency modular SC makes it possible to identify the conditions of the worst quality of generated electrical energy and assess the impact of control methods of APSS in a wide range of system parameters, considering the presence of intermittent currents.","PeriodicalId":23635,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik IGEU","volume":"77 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89239901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and research of Rogowski coil to operate under operating conditions of open switchgear","authors":"A. Yablokov, P. Kabakov, E. Gotovkina, A. Panaschatenko","doi":"10.17588/2072-2672.2023.1.031-040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2023.1.031-040","url":null,"abstract":"The interest to use Rogowski coils (RC) as current sensors to design secondary systems increases due to application of microprocessor relay protection and automation devices, including those that support the reception and processing of information in a form of a digital code in the format of protocols defined in IEC61850, as well as the disadvantages of traditional electromagnetic current transformers. Despite the popularity of RC, there are many unstudied issues of their functioning under operating conditions of open switchgears of power facilities, especially when operating with modern relay protection and automation devices. The aim of the study is to analyze the effect of ambient temperature on the error of current conversion by Rogowski coils. Studies of Rogowski coils have been carried out using the experimental and industrial samples. During the research modern testing equipment has been used. The equipment is listed on the Unified Register of Measuring Equipment of the Russian Federation and has valid verification certificates. The analysis of the factors influencing the error of metrological channels has been carried out. The analysis is conducted based on traditional current transformers (CT). The factors influencing the measurement error of RC are systematized. Experimental data obtained as a result of the study of the RC conversion error in a wide temperature range are presented. It has been established that due to design solutions, it is possible to neutralize the influence of such factors as the position of the primary conductor, external electromagnetic fields, uneven winding, the number of layers of the secondary winding, and thermal expansion. The use of materials with a low coefficient of linear expansion to manufacture the core of the Rogowski coil makes it possible to obtain the metrological characteristics of the transducer that meet the requirements of normative technical documentation in a wide temperature range. Application of RC as a primary current sensor for relay protection and automation systems is a promising area that requires further comprehensive research, and specifically in the process of industrial operation.","PeriodicalId":23635,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik IGEU","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76096354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement of power quality in power supply systems of rolling mills using frequency converters with active rectifiers due to use of specialized passive filters","authors":"A. Nikolaev, M. Afanasyev, I. Gilemov, M. V. Bulanov","doi":"10.17588/2072-2672.2023.1.041-052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2023.1.041-052","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the frequency converters (FC) with active rectifiers (AR) have become widespread due to their advantages. The advantages are the possibility of energy recovery in braking modes of electric drive and support of the set value of power factor at the input of AR. At the same time these converters have a significant disadvantage, that is the deterioration of voltage quality in the in-plant 6–35 kV power distribution network due to the imposition of high-frequency harmonics of the input voltage and current of AR on the resonant area of the supply network frequency response. This disadvantage can be eliminated by using special passive filters in the in-plant power networks. They ensure the shift of the main resonance of currents to a zone free from high-frequency harmonics of the FC with AR. It makes possible to reduce the harmonic distortion coefficient in the voltage sections of the main stepdown substation (MSS) of the enterprise. Processing of experimental data is carried out in the Matlab mathematical package with the Simulink application. Using income data of functioning metallurgical complex CherMK of PJSC “Severstal”, the authors carried out the analysis of voltage quality of 10 kV network using specialized passive filters and without them. The article presents the results of the study of the effectiveness of the use of specialized passive filters in the in-plant power supply system of the rolling complex operating at the CherMK of PJSC “Severstal”. The reasons of the deterioration of the voltage quality in the 10 kV distribution network are studied, and as a result, operational breakdown of the modes of sensitive electrical receivers. A complex mathematical model of the 10 kV network has been developed to study the way to improve the harmonic composition of voltage due to installation of specialized passive filters. This filter allows you to adjust the frequency characteristics of the 10 kV network, shift it to an area free of high-frequency harmonics generated by modern frequency converters with active rectifiers. Thus, the resonance of currents and voltages in 10 kV sections is eliminated. As a result, a significant improvement in the shape of the line voltage and a decrease in the harmonic distortion coefficient of voltage THDU = 75,2–91,2 % to values THDU = 0,49–1,4 % is observed. The main result of the research is the recommendation to use a specialized passive filter to eliminate the negative impact of the harmonic component of the current resonance. The research results can be used to design power supply systems of metallurgical enterprises that have powerful electric drives with active rectifiers.","PeriodicalId":23635,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik IGEU","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90852928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of mathematical model of fluidization of particles in presence of internal heat sources","authors":"A. Mitrofanov, S. Vasilevich, M. Malko, L. Ovchinnikov, N. Shpeynova","doi":"10.17588/2072-2672.2022.6.049-057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2022.6.049-057","url":null,"abstract":"Devices for heat treatment of bulk media due to the supply of high-temperature agent from an external source are widely used. In this case using the fluidization technique, the thermal agent also performs the function of a fluidizing medium. The ohmic heating of particles directly in the fluidized bed can be considered as an alternative and preferred technology in some cases. However, to organize such processes effectively we need reliable models to predict the structure of the fluidized bed itself, since it largely determines the conductivity, and, hence, the intensity of heating. The fluidized bed is an inhomogeneous heterogeneous system, therefore, mathematical models assuming its spatial discretization are necessary for its adequate description. Thus, the development of such models is an urgent task. The mathematical apparatus of the Markov chain theory is used as a mathematical basis to model the structure of a bulk medium in a fluidized bed. Parametric identification of the model is performed using the dependencies known from the literature. The transition matrices have been aligned with the physical parameters of the mass flows, which makes the proposed model nonlinear. The electrothermal process in the fluidized bed is described at a qualitative level with an assumption that the heating intensity of the representative volume of the bed is inversely proportional to the volume concentration of particles in it. The gas-particle heat and mass transfer process is a limiting factor that determine the asymptotic temperature in the bed. The authors have studied numerically the influence of the structure and expansion of the fluidized bed on the heating intensity of its phases in case we have internal heat sources, the intensity of which is inversely related to the concentration of the solid phase. The influence of various parameters of the model on the formation of the thermal regime in the apparatus is estimated. It is shown that for an appropriate description of processes in the apparatus, its analysis as an object with distributed spatial parameters is necessary. The paper shows that the methodology of the Markov chain approach is an acceptable tool to describe the structure of such particle systems as a fluidized bed. The obtained results of numerical experiments are in good qualitative agreement with the fluidized bed theory. They can be considered as a reliable scientific basis to calculate the system of ohmic heating of media in a fluidized bed.","PeriodicalId":23635,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik IGEU","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73882877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Method of clarification of consumer loads in district heating pipe network using data monitoring of heat energy consumption","authors":"V.L. Gudzuk, S. Kosyakov, V. V. Sennikov","doi":"10.17588/2072-2672.2022.6.069-076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2022.6.069-076","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, to set up heating networks, the programs to calculate the operating modes of networks are widely used. It requires a large number of characteristics of network objects and consumer loads, in particular. At the same time, in the real world, since it is difficult to determine design loads, they are often considered with large errors, and models are unsuitable for setting operating modes. Thus, an urgent task is to clarify the loads of consumers based on an audit of the existing network operation mode. The paper uses methods to calculate the load characteristics of buildings, methods to collect and monitor data of heat energy supply metering units and data to monitor the operating modes of the heat supply system of IGEU boiler house. A method to audit and clarify loads according to monitoring data of the heating system operation modes is proposed, which allows to improve the quality of network configuration. The obtained results have confirmed the possibility to clarify the loads of consumers under the conditions of an unregulated network based on the analysis of the readings of metering devices installed at consumers. The developed method can be used to solve the problems of setting up heating networks of district boiler houses.","PeriodicalId":23635,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik IGEU","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84510974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of critical speed of bypass turbojet engine with integrated starter-generator high-pressure rotor","authors":"F. Ismagilov, V. Vavilov, R. R. Urazbakhtin, R. Dadoyan","doi":"10.17588/2072-2672.2022.6.037-048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2022.6.037-048","url":null,"abstract":"Today, the development of aircraft within the electric aircraft concept framework is relevant. In this case, the key technology is the integrated starter-generator, which makes it possible to refuse the mechanical, pneumatic, and hydraulic power take-off from the aircraft engine. In the well-known scientific articles, integrated starter-generators are designed without considering the features due to their location inside the aircraft engines. This study starts a set of projects devoted to the design of integrated starter-generator for a bypass turbojet engine, considering the features of this technical decision. The purpose of this study is to develop approaches to determine critical rotation frequency of high-pressure rotor considering starter-generator integration. Models to determine the critical rotation frequency of a high-pressure rotor with an integrated starter-generator rotor are developed based on non-traditional models of rotor dynamics by mathematical modeling. An area for the integrated starter-generator location has been determined and a constructive method for its implementation is proposed for a bypass turbojet engine. In this study, mathematical expressions are obtained to determine high-pressure rotor critical speed in case of a detailed study of dynamics and in case of an integrated starter-generator preliminary calculations. Based on the value of the critical speed of the high-pressure rotor calculated from the obtained expressions, firstly, it is possible to check the correctness of the choice of the air gap of the integrated starter-generator and strength calculations of the integrated starter-generator in the most difficult operating mode. Secondly, it is possible to determine safe operation area of the bypass turbojet engine with an integrated starter-generator. The results of the study enhance the theoretical foundations of the design of the integrated starter-generators and make it possible to avoid errors in their design and further operation.","PeriodicalId":23635,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik IGEU","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90381895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refined simulation and experimental study of energy efficient testing system of asynchronous machines","authors":"Y. Kazakov, I. Palilov","doi":"10.17588/2072-2672.2022.6.018-025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2022.6.018-025","url":null,"abstract":"When testing asynchronous machines, it is important to use energy-efficient methods, for example, the method of mutual loading of two machines with articulated shafts. One machine operates in the mode of the motor – frequency converter, the second machine operates in the mode of the generator – industrial frequency network. Both machines are simultaneously tested under load and energy costs for testing are reduced due to its recuperation. The method requires a correct loading algorithm. The modeling of the method based on chain models does not consider the implementation feature. Thus, it is advisable to refine the simulation of the asynchronous machine testing system by the mutual load method. The method is based on strict models considering the coupling of machine torque on a common shaft, the operation of machines in the mode of frequency converter, non-sinusoidal supply voltage, saturation of steel, displacement of current in conductors, for example, based on the associated analysis of electromagnetic fields in both machines. The authors have applied the packages of electromechanical units with electrical and mechanical Ansys Simplorer ports and finite element analysis of electromagnetic fields Ansys Maxwell for refined simulation of the asynchronous machine testing system by the method of mutual loading. Experimental studies of the system have been carried out on laboratory equipment using certified devices. A refined simulation of an energy-efficient testing system of asynchronous machines by the method of mutual loading has been carried out. It is based on calculations of the electromagnetic field and allows us to read the transient and steady-state modes of operation of a two-machine unit with a common shaft. An automated stand has been created that allows testing asynchronous machines by the method of mutual loading. The developed refined simulation of electromechanical processes in asynchronous machines during tests by the method of mutual loading with associated calculations of electromagnetic fields in both machines provides calculated results with an error of no more than 5–7 % in comparison with 40 % error of calculations in the transient modes of operation using chain models.","PeriodicalId":23635,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik IGEU","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87404416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}