Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.17588/2072-2672.2023.6.069-081
A. Nikolaev, M. Bulanov, A. Maklakov, I. Gilemov
Currently, application of frequency converters with active front end rectifiers (FC-AFE) has become a standard solution for powerful adjustable AC drives with frequent dynamic modes. The advantages of these converters include the possibility of recuperation of braking energy to the supply network, as well as the best electromagnetic compatibility of electromagnetic capability (EMC) with the supply network as stated by the manufacturers of converter technology. This statement is only partly true, since FC-AFE manufacturers do not consider possible resonant phenomena in the 6–35 kV intra-factory distribution network caused by the interaction of reactive elements of the power supply system. When significant harmonics of the FC-AFE current are superimposed on the resonant region, dangerous voltage distortions of 6–35 kV may occur. Traditional methods of providing electromagnetic capability of FC-AFE in this case may not have the desired effect. Therefore, it is relevant to develop alternative technical solutions to ensure an acceptable level of electromagnetic capability of FC-AFE. One such solution is the use of advanced PWM algorithms in the FC-AFE adapting to resonant phenomena in the 6–35 kV intra-factory network. The materials for the study are the oscillograms of the currents and voltages at the input of the FC-AFE obtained experimentally and using mathematical modeling. Experimental data have been obtained on operating equipment with FC-AFE and on a special laboratory setup. When developing improved PWM algorithm of AFE, a well-known mathematical apparatus is used. It describes the dependence of individual harmonics on the number of switching and switching angles. The results obtained show the effectiveness of improved PWM algorithms in terms of reducing the effect of FC-AFE on the supply network and improving the quality of electricity in intra-factory networks of 6–35 kV. The results of the study are implemented at a number of metallurgical enterprises, thanks to which it is possible to reduce voltage distortions of 6–35 kV and increase the stability of the operation of sensitive electrical receivers. The developed improved PWM algorithm of FC-AFE can significantly improve the quality of electricity in the in-house electrical networks of 6–35 kV without additional capital costs and installation of additional equipment. Based on the results obtained, it is recommended to use the developed PWM algorithms on the operating equipment with FC-AFE of industrial enterprises.
{"title":"Development and study of improved PWM algorithms of active rectifiers to achieve power quality in intra-factory electrical networks 6–35 kV","authors":"A. Nikolaev, M. Bulanov, A. Maklakov, I. Gilemov","doi":"10.17588/2072-2672.2023.6.069-081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2023.6.069-081","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, application of frequency converters with active front end rectifiers (FC-AFE) has become a standard solution for powerful adjustable AC drives with frequent dynamic modes. The advantages of these converters include the possibility of recuperation of braking energy to the supply network, as well as the best electromagnetic compatibility of electromagnetic capability (EMC) with the supply network as stated by the manufacturers of converter technology. This statement is only partly true, since FC-AFE manufacturers do not consider possible resonant phenomena in the 6–35 kV intra-factory distribution network caused by the interaction of reactive elements of the power supply system. When significant harmonics of the FC-AFE current are superimposed on the resonant region, dangerous voltage distortions of 6–35 kV may occur. Traditional methods of providing electromagnetic capability of FC-AFE in this case may not have the desired effect. Therefore, it is relevant to develop alternative technical solutions to ensure an acceptable level of electromagnetic capability of FC-AFE. One such solution is the use of advanced PWM algorithms in the FC-AFE adapting to resonant phenomena in the 6–35 kV intra-factory network. The materials for the study are the oscillograms of the currents and voltages at the input of the FC-AFE obtained experimentally and using mathematical modeling. Experimental data have been obtained on operating equipment with FC-AFE and on a special laboratory setup. When developing improved PWM algorithm of AFE, a well-known mathematical apparatus is used. It describes the dependence of individual harmonics on the number of switching and switching angles. The results obtained show the effectiveness of improved PWM algorithms in terms of reducing the effect of FC-AFE on the supply network and improving the quality of electricity in intra-factory networks of 6–35 kV. The results of the study are implemented at a number of metallurgical enterprises, thanks to which it is possible to reduce voltage distortions of 6–35 kV and increase the stability of the operation of sensitive electrical receivers. The developed improved PWM algorithm of FC-AFE can significantly improve the quality of electricity in the in-house electrical networks of 6–35 kV without additional capital costs and installation of additional equipment. Based on the results obtained, it is recommended to use the developed PWM algorithms on the operating equipment with FC-AFE of industrial enterprises.","PeriodicalId":23635,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik IGEU","volume":"320 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139152566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.17588/2072-2672.2023.4.054-062
A.M. Abbyasov, S. Tararykin
Material transportation control systems are part of many automated technological complexes for continuous production in various industries. For the coordinated operation of the aggregated machines, it is required to ensure a given quality of control of the tension of material transportation under conditions of initial uncertainty and possible variations in the internal parameters of the ACS, primarily the inertia of rotation of the measuring roller and changes in the geometry of the deformation zone of the material, i.e., it is required to provide a significant increase in robust properties. A method for the synthesis of robust control systems with dynamic (polynomial) input-output regulators is proposed. It is based on an iterative approach, at each step of which the singular numbers of gramians of controllability and/or observability are purposefully changed, a preregulator is formed. It transforms the structure of the computational model of the object in the direction of increasing controllability and/or observability. The authors have proposed a method for the synthesis of a robust control system for the transportation of long-length material based on the Gramian method. The use of an improved model of the object makes it possible to form a basic polynomial input-output controller capable of providing and maintaining the desired quality and performance indicators within the specified limits of changing the parameters of the object and the controller, including when reducing the corrective pre-regulator. The results obtained allow us to demonstrate the high efficiency of a Gramian method for the synthesis of control systems with low sensitivity to variations in both the parameters of the control object and the controller own parameters.
{"title":"Synthesis of robust control system for transportation of long-length material based on Gramian method","authors":"A.M. Abbyasov, S. Tararykin","doi":"10.17588/2072-2672.2023.4.054-062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2023.4.054-062","url":null,"abstract":"Material transportation control systems are part of many automated technological complexes for continuous production in various industries. For the coordinated operation of the aggregated machines, it is required to ensure a given quality of control of the tension of material transportation under conditions of initial uncertainty and possible variations in the internal parameters of the ACS, primarily the inertia of rotation of the measuring roller and changes in the geometry of the deformation zone of the material, i.e., it is required to provide a significant increase in robust properties. A method for the synthesis of robust control systems with dynamic (polynomial) input-output regulators is proposed. It is based on an iterative approach, at each step of which the singular numbers of gramians of controllability and/or observability are purposefully changed, a preregulator is formed. It transforms the structure of the computational model of the object in the direction of increasing controllability and/or observability. The authors have proposed a method for the synthesis of a robust control system for the transportation of long-length material based on the Gramian method. The use of an improved model of the object makes it possible to form a basic polynomial input-output controller capable of providing and maintaining the desired quality and performance indicators within the specified limits of changing the parameters of the object and the controller, including when reducing the corrective pre-regulator. The results obtained allow us to demonstrate the high efficiency of a Gramian method for the synthesis of control systems with low sensitivity to variations in both the parameters of the control object and the controller own parameters.","PeriodicalId":23635,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik IGEU","volume":"2014 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73732300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.17588/2072-2672.2023.4.085-093
K. N. Bubnov, V. Zhukov, A. V. Golubev, E. Barochkin, S. I. Shuvalov
Power equipment deterioration occurs during operation, it causes loss in reliability and efficiency, unscheduled shutdowns, and accidents. Now predictive analytics is one of the promising directions in the field of power engineering which allows to control and analyze the technical condition of power equipment. The problems of localization of deviation of technological parameters and detection of anomaly in the operation of power equipment are consistently solved in the framework of predictive analytics. The problems of deviations localization and anomalies detection are solved by the methods of statistical modeling and the classification algorithms respectively. However, for steam turbines the localization of deviation and the detection of anomalies having slow-flowing character are a difficult problem. Therefore, the issue of development of a method for continuous monitoring of technical condition and maintenance diagnostics based on a mathematical model of the steam turbine section flow characteristics is worth noticing. The method allows us to consider the effect of changes in the open flow area of the individual sections of a steam turbine on the pressure distribution over the steam flow path. The model of a steam turbine has been developed within the matrix formalization methodology. The solution of the system of linear and nonlinear equations is carried out by methods of computational mathematics. The solution of the optimization problems of the steam flow path diagnostics is carried out by methods of mathematical programming. A mathematical model of the cogeneration steam turbine Т-250/305-23.5-DB and a method for continuous condition monitoring and maintenance diagnostics of steam turbine have been developed. It allows us to localize deviation and detect anomaly by recovery of the open flow area of the individual sections of a steam turbine based on the pressure distribution over the steam flow path. The results of the statistical analysis prove that a mathematical model of the cogeneration steam turbine Т-250/305-23.5-DB has been recognized adequate. The method for continuous condition monitoring and maintenance diagnostics of steam turbine has demonstrated consistency of the obtained results and ability to solve diagnostic problems in practice. The developed model and method can be used as a module in the development of a software package for predictive analytics of power equipment.
{"title":"System for continuous monitoring of technical condition and maintenance diagnostics of steam turbine","authors":"K. N. Bubnov, V. Zhukov, A. V. Golubev, E. Barochkin, S. I. Shuvalov","doi":"10.17588/2072-2672.2023.4.085-093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2023.4.085-093","url":null,"abstract":"Power equipment deterioration occurs during operation, it causes loss in reliability and efficiency, unscheduled shutdowns, and accidents. Now predictive analytics is one of the promising directions in the field of power engineering which allows to control and analyze the technical condition of power equipment. The problems of localization of deviation of technological parameters and detection of anomaly in the operation of power equipment are consistently solved in the framework of predictive analytics. The problems of deviations localization and anomalies detection are solved by the methods of statistical modeling and the classification algorithms respectively. However, for steam turbines the localization of deviation and the detection of anomalies having slow-flowing character are a difficult problem. Therefore, the issue of development of a method for continuous monitoring of technical condition and maintenance diagnostics based on a mathematical model of the steam turbine section flow characteristics is worth noticing. The method allows us to consider the effect of changes in the open flow area of the individual sections of a steam turbine on the pressure distribution over the steam flow path. The model of a steam turbine has been developed within the matrix formalization methodology. The solution of the system of linear and nonlinear equations is carried out by methods of computational mathematics. The solution of the optimization problems of the steam flow path diagnostics is carried out by methods of mathematical programming. A mathematical model of the cogeneration steam turbine Т-250/305-23.5-DB and a method for continuous condition monitoring and maintenance diagnostics of steam turbine have been developed. It allows us to localize deviation and detect anomaly by recovery of the open flow area of the individual sections of a steam turbine based on the pressure distribution over the steam flow path. The results of the statistical analysis prove that a mathematical model of the cogeneration steam turbine Т-250/305-23.5-DB has been recognized adequate. The method for continuous condition monitoring and maintenance diagnostics of steam turbine has demonstrated consistency of the obtained results and ability to solve diagnostic problems in practice. The developed model and method can be used as a module in the development of a software package for predictive analytics of power equipment.","PeriodicalId":23635,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik IGEU","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75950875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.17588/2072-2672.2023.4.046-053
V. N. Karaulov, A.F. Dorzhinkevich
There is considerable practical and scientific interest in synchronous reaction motors (SynRM) with TLA rotor. The core of the TLA rotor has a transversal charge, internal slots, and highly saturated areas. The configuration of the rotor slots is complex and diverse. The task to develop a parametric model of the SynRM with a TLA-rotor designed for calculation of steady-state and transient modes of the motor is relevant. The classical parametric model of SynRM based on the theory of two reactions is used. The calculation method for the parameters of the SynRM model with TLA rotor is presented. The method uses the results of field calculation of two static states of the magnetic field. The steady-state conditions of SynRM are calculated according to the engineering formulas derived from the equation of equilibrium stresses in the stator phase. The Park-Gorev equations are used to calculate the transient modes of the SynRM. Field models of the SynRM under study at longitudinal and transverse rotor positions are presented. Main harmonics of magnetic field in the gap and their dependence on armature current are calculated. Formulas to calculate the inductive parameters of armature winding and performance characteristics of SynRM are given. Differential equations to calculate processes in SynRM are given. The parametric model is used to calculate performance characteristics of SynRM, frequency start process, electromechanical process of SynRM operation in case of asymmetric power supply. The calculation results are compared with the results of field simulation of SynRM with TLA rotor in the Ansys Maxwell environment. The classical parametric model of the synchronous machine based on the theory of two reactions allows fast and high-quality analysis of steady-state and transient modes of operation of a synchronous reactive motor with TLA-rotor under various conditions of power supply and mechanical load, including abnormal ones.
{"title":"Parametric model of synchronous reluctance motor with TLA-rotor in steady-state and transient modes","authors":"V. N. Karaulov, A.F. Dorzhinkevich","doi":"10.17588/2072-2672.2023.4.046-053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2023.4.046-053","url":null,"abstract":"There is considerable practical and scientific interest in synchronous reaction motors (SynRM) with TLA rotor. The core of the TLA rotor has a transversal charge, internal slots, and highly saturated areas. The configuration of the rotor slots is complex and diverse. The task to develop a parametric model of the SynRM with a TLA-rotor designed for calculation of steady-state and transient modes of the motor is relevant. The classical parametric model of SynRM based on the theory of two reactions is used. The calculation method for the parameters of the SynRM model with TLA rotor is presented. The method uses the results of field calculation of two static states of the magnetic field. The steady-state conditions of SynRM are calculated according to the engineering formulas derived from the equation of equilibrium stresses in the stator phase. The Park-Gorev equations are used to calculate the transient modes of the SynRM. Field models of the SynRM under study at longitudinal and transverse rotor positions are presented. Main harmonics of magnetic field in the gap and their dependence on armature current are calculated. Formulas to calculate the inductive parameters of armature winding and performance characteristics of SynRM are given. Differential equations to calculate processes in SynRM are given. The parametric model is used to calculate performance characteristics of SynRM, frequency start process, electromechanical process of SynRM operation in case of asymmetric power supply. The calculation results are compared with the results of field simulation of SynRM with TLA rotor in the Ansys Maxwell environment. The classical parametric model of the synchronous machine based on the theory of two reactions allows fast and high-quality analysis of steady-state and transient modes of operation of a synchronous reactive motor with TLA-rotor under various conditions of power supply and mechanical load, including abnormal ones.","PeriodicalId":23635,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik IGEU","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79572611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.17588/2072-2672.2023.4.063-069
A. Vinogradov, K. Ermakov, A. Korotkov
The electromechanical transmission of a mine dump truck is an electrical equipment complex with a set of parameters for setting and status monitoring. To improve the quality and to reduce the time and cost of service maintenance of mine dump trucks, a data transmission system is organized that provides remote work with control system units. Such systems significantly increase the efficiency of operation of mine dump trucks with the integrated use of a standard approach to maintenance and repair of mining equipment and mobile technologies. They allow to identify most of the faults due to the use of a real-time parameter monitoring system during the routine operation of mine truck. The authors have used the methods of design and software architecture, methods of object-oriented programming and development of multi-threaded applications using the high-level programming language C/C++. The paper proposes a functional diagram of data transmission for remote operation with electrical equipment blocks. The description of the instrumental software for monitoring and configuring the parameters of the dump trucks electric transmission is given. A procedure for remote work with a set of traction electrical equipment has been developed. The developed system has been tested at the stages of testing and adjustment. It is used in real operating conditions and allows organizing service maintenance of domestic-made dump trucks at a level that is not inferior to their best imported counterparts. The use of an integrated approach and the extended list of diagnostic parameters of the electric transmission when it is singled out as a separate element of the diagnostic system significantly improves the quality-of-service maintenance of traction electrical equipment.
{"title":"Remote work with a set of traction electrical equipment for mine dump truck","authors":"A. Vinogradov, K. Ermakov, A. Korotkov","doi":"10.17588/2072-2672.2023.4.063-069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2023.4.063-069","url":null,"abstract":"The electromechanical transmission of a mine dump truck is an electrical equipment complex with a set of parameters for setting and status monitoring. To improve the quality and to reduce the time and cost of service maintenance of mine dump trucks, a data transmission system is organized that provides remote work with control system units. Such systems significantly increase the efficiency of operation of mine dump trucks with the integrated use of a standard approach to maintenance and repair of mining equipment and mobile technologies. They allow to identify most of the faults due to the use of a real-time parameter monitoring system during the routine operation of mine truck. The authors have used the methods of design and software architecture, methods of object-oriented programming and development of multi-threaded applications using the high-level programming language C/C++. The paper proposes a functional diagram of data transmission for remote operation with electrical equipment blocks. The description of the instrumental software for monitoring and configuring the parameters of the dump trucks electric transmission is given. A procedure for remote work with a set of traction electrical equipment has been developed. The developed system has been tested at the stages of testing and adjustment. It is used in real operating conditions and allows organizing service maintenance of domestic-made dump trucks at a level that is not inferior to their best imported counterparts. The use of an integrated approach and the extended list of diagnostic parameters of the electric transmission when it is singled out as a separate element of the diagnostic system significantly improves the quality-of-service maintenance of traction electrical equipment.","PeriodicalId":23635,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik IGEU","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79981887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.17588/2072-2672.2023.4.077-084
V. Zhukov, A. N. Belyakov, A. V. Ogurtsov, A. Shmelev, D. S. Barakovskikh, S. I. Shuvalov
The issues of processing bulk materials are of great importance in the energy, pharmacology, and chemical industries. New technologies have new requirements for the granulometric characteristics of individual components of powders and their mixtures. Often, the components of a mixture differ in their properties and grain sizes, thus, multi-stage processing of these mixtures is required to obtain powders with desired technological properties. Optimal control of the structure and operating modes of complex multi-stage apparatus to obtain powders with desired properties is a topical task. Methods of probability theory and fractional mass balance equations are used to model multistage gravitational classifiers. Mathematical programming methods are applied to solve optimization problems of powder classification. A generalized method of combinatorial matrix description of an open stage of regular multiproduct classifying elements for an arbitrary number of finished products is proposed. The proposed model of the considered stage is used for the matrix description of a closed system of devices with an arbitrary flow structure. The authors have determined the best structures and operating modes of individual stages to obtain powders with specified technological properties. The developed approach makes it possible to optimally control the structure of the cascade of classifiers and the modes of operation of its individual stages to obtain powders with desired technological properties, as well as to design systems for predictive diagnostics of the state of these installations in the energy, pharmacological and chemical industries.
{"title":"Modeling and optimization of regular multi-stage multi-product gravity classifiers","authors":"V. Zhukov, A. N. Belyakov, A. V. Ogurtsov, A. Shmelev, D. S. Barakovskikh, S. I. Shuvalov","doi":"10.17588/2072-2672.2023.4.077-084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2023.4.077-084","url":null,"abstract":"The issues of processing bulk materials are of great importance in the energy, pharmacology, and chemical industries. New technologies have new requirements for the granulometric characteristics of individual components of powders and their mixtures. Often, the components of a mixture differ in their properties and grain sizes, thus, multi-stage processing of these mixtures is required to obtain powders with desired technological properties. Optimal control of the structure and operating modes of complex multi-stage apparatus to obtain powders with desired properties is a topical task. Methods of probability theory and fractional mass balance equations are used to model multistage gravitational classifiers. Mathematical programming methods are applied to solve optimization problems of powder classification. A generalized method of combinatorial matrix description of an open stage of regular multiproduct classifying elements for an arbitrary number of finished products is proposed. The proposed model of the considered stage is used for the matrix description of a closed system of devices with an arbitrary flow structure. The authors have determined the best structures and operating modes of individual stages to obtain powders with specified technological properties. The developed approach makes it possible to optimally control the structure of the cascade of classifiers and the modes of operation of its individual stages to obtain powders with desired technological properties, as well as to design systems for predictive diagnostics of the state of these installations in the energy, pharmacological and chemical industries.","PeriodicalId":23635,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik IGEU","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87415628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.17588/2072-2672.2023.4.018-027
A. Okhlopkov, V. Bitney
The method of analysis of gases dissolved in oil is one of the most informative methods of early detection of defects in power oil-filled transformers. Now, the decision on the state of the transformers is based on the method of interpretation of the results of the gas chromatographic (GC) according to the guideline document RD 153-34.0-46.302-00. At the same time, there are situations when this document does not provide accurate analysis results. Thus, it is proposed to use several methods of interpreting the results of the GC to obtain refined conclusions. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the need to use various methods of interpretation of the results of gas chromatographic analysis of the oil of power transformers. The following methods for dissolved gas analysis have been reviewed: Rogers Ratio Method, IEC 60599 Standard Method, Doernenburg Ratio Method, Duval Triangle Method, ETRA method, as well as the guideline document RD 153-34.0-46.302-00 method adopted in the Russian Federation. These methods are implemented in various power companies of the Russian Federation, such as PJSC “Rosseti MR”, PJSC “FGC UES” and PJSC “Mosenergo”. The article reveals the need to consider the totality of all available methods and techniques based on RD 153-34.0-46.302-00 and development of training samples. The scientific novelty and significance of the conducted research lies in the confirmation of the need to use a set of methods for interpreting the results of the GC. An algorithm for the complex application of the methods described in the article for interpreting the results of the GC and training samples has been formed. The obtained results allow us to consider the possibility to develop software for the complex application of the methods of interpretation of the results of the GC described in the article and the formation of training samples based on the developed algorithm.
{"title":"Confirmation of necessity and applicability of using various methods of interpretation of results of gas chromatographic analysis of power transformers","authors":"A. Okhlopkov, V. Bitney","doi":"10.17588/2072-2672.2023.4.018-027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2023.4.018-027","url":null,"abstract":"The method of analysis of gases dissolved in oil is one of the most informative methods of early detection of defects in power oil-filled transformers. Now, the decision on the state of the transformers is based on the method of interpretation of the results of the gas chromatographic (GC) according to the guideline document RD 153-34.0-46.302-00. At the same time, there are situations when this document does not provide accurate analysis results. Thus, it is proposed to use several methods of interpreting the results of the GC to obtain refined conclusions. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the need to use various methods of interpretation of the results of gas chromatographic analysis of the oil of power transformers. The following methods for dissolved gas analysis have been reviewed: Rogers Ratio Method, IEC 60599 Standard Method, Doernenburg Ratio Method, Duval Triangle Method, ETRA method, as well as the guideline document RD 153-34.0-46.302-00 method adopted in the Russian Federation. These methods are implemented in various power companies of the Russian Federation, such as PJSC “Rosseti MR”, PJSC “FGC UES” and PJSC “Mosenergo”. The article reveals the need to consider the totality of all available methods and techniques based on RD 153-34.0-46.302-00 and development of training samples. The scientific novelty and significance of the conducted research lies in the confirmation of the need to use a set of methods for interpreting the results of the GC. An algorithm for the complex application of the methods described in the article for interpreting the results of the GC and training samples has been formed. The obtained results allow us to consider the possibility to develop software for the complex application of the methods of interpretation of the results of the GC described in the article and the formation of training samples based on the developed algorithm.","PeriodicalId":23635,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik IGEU","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82341974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.17588/2072-2672.2023.4.070-076
L. G. Zotov, I. Bolshakov
The main requirement for autonomous power supply systems is improved weight-size and energy parameters. A promising way to solve this problem is to use DC-DC converters based on resonant structures with switched capacitors. Improvement of energy indicators of the converter is achieved due to soft-switching mode of semiconductor elements providing reduction of dynamic power losses and increasing the level of the primary source. Improvement of weight-size parameters of the converter is provided due to the following: multi-cycle principle of the design providing a significant increase of frequency conversion up to several hundred kHz due to multiple reduction of installed capacity of semiconductor elements; high specific energy indicators of modern multilayer ceramic capacitors, more than two orders of magnitude higher than similar indicators of reactors and transformers; optimization of parameters of semiconductor and reactive elements, which also contributes to significant reduction of weight and volume of power supply systems. The authors have conducted the analysis of weight-size parameters of the step-up DC-DC converter and the value of its efficiency under the assumption of proportionality of weight and volume of reactive converter elements to the maximum accumulated energy and proportionality of weight and volume of semiconductor elements to their installed capacity. The authors have proposed and studied the circuit of multipolar DC-DC converter based on structures with switched capacitors, which has the space symmetry. The space symmetry provides a significant improvement of weight-size parameters due to two-fold reduction of the total installed capacity of semiconductor elements. The volume and energy indicators of the converter under study as a part of power supply system have been evaluated. A method to design a power circuit of a capacitor converter with improved energy and weight-size parameters as a part of an autonomous power supply system is proposed. The authors have established the most effective ways to improve the weight-size and energy indicators of DC voltage converters. The improvement of weight-size parameters is achieved due to a twofold reduction of the installed capacity of semiconductor elements and optimization of the parameters of reactive elements. Improvement of energy indicators is achieved due to increasing the input voltage level of the converter and soft switching of its semiconductor elements.
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Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.17588/2072-2672.2023.4.036-045
I. Polyuschenkov
Electromechanical position sensors, including sine-cosine rotary transformers, compared to sensors based on other physical principles, have greater reliability, a simple design and resistance to difficult operating conditions. This makes them attractive for use in various motion control systems that require measurement of the position of the actuator axis. However, the use of such sensors requires special hardware and software devices – controllers that ensure their operation. This article is devoted to the development of such a controller, which generates, captures, and processes signals of the sine-cosine rotary transformer. When developing the controller of the sine-cosine rotary transformer, methods of system analysis of electrical, electromagnetic and information processes and means of their implementation, methods of software development, as well as methods of experimental research were applied. A description of the controller of a sine-cosine rotary transformer in phase mode is given, taking into account the hardware and computing resources of the microcontroller which implements it. At the same time, physical processes are correlated with information processes associated with the generation, capture and procession of signals. The reasons for the decrease in the position measurement accuracy are revealed. Various technical solutions have been applied to take into account and eliminate them. Among them are the coordination of physical and information processes, taking into account the execution time of calculations by the microcontroller, analysis of the correctness of the position measurement results and their smoothing according to moving average method. The controller software has been developed, which can serve as a typical element for microprocessor-based control systems. Experimental results are obtained, illustrating the achievement of the development result. Application of various technical solutions has made it possible to ensure the accuracy of position measurement up to a tenth of a degree with a high intensity of information updating. As a result of the study, a detailed and comprehensive solution of the developing a controller for a sine-cosine rotating transformer problem is given, which is the scientific and practical value of the materials presented in the article. The results obtained can be applied in various motion control systems and serve as the basis for the development of controllers for various electromechanical position sensors.
{"title":"Development of controller for electromechanical position sensor","authors":"I. Polyuschenkov","doi":"10.17588/2072-2672.2023.4.036-045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2023.4.036-045","url":null,"abstract":"Electromechanical position sensors, including sine-cosine rotary transformers, compared to sensors based on other physical principles, have greater reliability, a simple design and resistance to difficult operating conditions. This makes them attractive for use in various motion control systems that require measurement of the position of the actuator axis. However, the use of such sensors requires special hardware and software devices – controllers that ensure their operation. This article is devoted to the development of such a controller, which generates, captures, and processes signals of the sine-cosine rotary transformer. When developing the controller of the sine-cosine rotary transformer, methods of system analysis of electrical, electromagnetic and information processes and means of their implementation, methods of software development, as well as methods of experimental research were applied. A description of the controller of a sine-cosine rotary transformer in phase mode is given, taking into account the hardware and computing resources of the microcontroller which implements it. At the same time, physical processes are correlated with information processes associated with the generation, capture and procession of signals. The reasons for the decrease in the position measurement accuracy are revealed. Various technical solutions have been applied to take into account and eliminate them. Among them are the coordination of physical and information processes, taking into account the execution time of calculations by the microcontroller, analysis of the correctness of the position measurement results and their smoothing according to moving average method. The controller software has been developed, which can serve as a typical element for microprocessor-based control systems. Experimental results are obtained, illustrating the achievement of the development result. Application of various technical solutions has made it possible to ensure the accuracy of position measurement up to a tenth of a degree with a high intensity of information updating. As a result of the study, a detailed and comprehensive solution of the developing a controller for a sine-cosine rotating transformer problem is given, which is the scientific and practical value of the materials presented in the article. The results obtained can be applied in various motion control systems and serve as the basis for the development of controllers for various electromechanical position sensors.","PeriodicalId":23635,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik IGEU","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75932603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.17588/2072-2672.2023.4.094-100
V. A. Nechaev, S. Kosyakov
Currently, when developing automatic speech recognition models for specialized subject areas, in particular for energy facilities, deep neural network architectures are used, which require a large amount of training data. At the same time, models often turn out to be poorly suitable for use in specific information systems due to poor-quality recognition of highly specialized subject vocabulary. Additional training of models to improve their quality in a specific context of recognition encounters the difficulty to obtain a sufficient amount of data and the laboriousness of their markup. Thus, an urgent task is to create methods that allow reducing the complexity of developing applied speech recognition models and improving their quality when used in subject areas, in particular, in the field of energy. Methods of thematic text modeling based on language models for adapting open data are applied. A deep neural network is used as a pretrained speech recognition model. For training, open-source datasets are used. A method to develop automatic speech recognition models for specialized subject areas has been developed. It includes the stage of intermediate learning of subject area vocabulary based on open-source data selected using thematic sampling. Based on the method, the authors have developed and studied a model of automatic speech recognition for energy facilities. It has showed higher recognition results than models obtained by traditional methods. Approbation of the proposed method has confirmed its effectiveness. The applied neural network model developed on the method has demonstrated the possibility to work in the information systems of energy facilities in Russian and English without additional training on proprietary data.
{"title":"Development of automatic speech recognition model for energy facilities","authors":"V. A. Nechaev, S. Kosyakov","doi":"10.17588/2072-2672.2023.4.094-100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2023.4.094-100","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, when developing automatic speech recognition models for specialized subject areas, in particular for energy facilities, deep neural network architectures are used, which require a large amount of training data. At the same time, models often turn out to be poorly suitable for use in specific information systems due to poor-quality recognition of highly specialized subject vocabulary. Additional training of models to improve their quality in a specific context of recognition encounters the difficulty to obtain a sufficient amount of data and the laboriousness of their markup. Thus, an urgent task is to create methods that allow reducing the complexity of developing applied speech recognition models and improving their quality when used in subject areas, in particular, in the field of energy. Methods of thematic text modeling based on language models for adapting open data are applied. A deep neural network is used as a pretrained speech recognition model. For training, open-source datasets are used. A method to develop automatic speech recognition models for specialized subject areas has been developed. It includes the stage of intermediate learning of subject area vocabulary based on open-source data selected using thematic sampling. Based on the method, the authors have developed and studied a model of automatic speech recognition for energy facilities. It has showed higher recognition results than models obtained by traditional methods. Approbation of the proposed method has confirmed its effectiveness. The applied neural network model developed on the method has demonstrated the possibility to work in the information systems of energy facilities in Russian and English without additional training on proprietary data.","PeriodicalId":23635,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik IGEU","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84907806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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