Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.17588/2072-2672.2022.3.045-056
Yu. S. Tverskoy, I. A. Kolesov, A. V. Golubev, I. Muravyov, J.A. Gaidina
Modern production machinery is equipped with multifunctional automated process control systems (APCS) based on software and hardware complexes (SHC) of a network hierarchical structure. The experience of designing and operating multifunctional process control systems proves that the efficiency of the systems being developed significantly depends on the array of problems at different stages of the technology design and system modernization. It is to be developed, both at the fundamental level of local automatic control systems and at a higher level of hierarchical system structure. At the same time, special attention is paid to the software failure, which is fixed, as a rule, by periodically updating all the content. For process control systems, such an approach under the operation conditions of power equipment is unacceptable. In this regard, the effectivity problems of complex systems are to be classified in terms of technological process factors, the theory of automatic control and instrumental factors associated with the proper software implementation. As a theoretical basis to solve the problem of information sufficiency and synthesis of structurally stable systems, the methods of potentials and coordinates of the thermodynamics of irreversible processes are used. The testing method is applied as a tool to analyze and diagnose software and hardware tools. The authors have defined three groups of factors: system, controller and local. The task to analyze the conformity of information and algorithmic support means to expert and verify the absence of defects in the software of a multifunctional system and the fulfillment of the declared requirements. The automated testing system is a unified environment to analyze the execution of test scenarios. It provides continuous validation and verification of the information and algorithmic support of the SHC. In particular, a methodology has been developed to carry out resource tests of the software and hardware complex and checking the operation of the mechanisms for backing up, synchronizing, and replacing its components by simulating failures in the processor modules, hardware and software components. A set of methodological factors has been defined to develop advanced software and hardware systems for process control systems. It significantly affects the adequacy of the information and algorithmic support of a complex system. A technology of automated testing of software and hardware tools of the SHC has been developed. Methods to solve interdisciplinary problems are generalized. The authors recommend solving the problems at the earlier stages of a complex system design. The proposed technology to develop and diagnose automatically software and hardware of the SHC by implementing a single environment to study, compare and detect the defects of the SHC software throughout the entire life cycle of the process control system allows you to identify and eliminate the mutual negative influence of the SHC c
{"title":"Information and algorithmic support of streamlined control systems","authors":"Yu. S. Tverskoy, I. A. Kolesov, A. V. Golubev, I. Muravyov, J.A. Gaidina","doi":"10.17588/2072-2672.2022.3.045-056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2022.3.045-056","url":null,"abstract":"Modern production machinery is equipped with multifunctional automated process control systems (APCS) based on software and hardware complexes (SHC) of a network hierarchical structure. The experience of designing and operating multifunctional process control systems proves that the efficiency of the systems being developed significantly depends on the array of problems at different stages of the technology design and system modernization. It is to be developed, both at the fundamental level of local automatic control systems and at a higher level of hierarchical system structure. At the same time, special attention is paid to the software failure, which is fixed, as a rule, by periodically updating all the content. For process control systems, such an approach under the operation conditions of power equipment is unacceptable. In this regard, the effectivity problems of complex systems are to be classified in terms of technological process factors, the theory of automatic control and instrumental factors associated with the proper software implementation. As a theoretical basis to solve the problem of information sufficiency and synthesis of structurally stable systems, the methods of potentials and coordinates of the thermodynamics of irreversible processes are used. The testing method is applied as a tool to analyze and diagnose software and hardware tools. The authors have defined three groups of factors: system, controller and local. The task to analyze the conformity of information and algorithmic support means to expert and verify the absence of defects in the software of a multifunctional system and the fulfillment of the declared requirements. The automated testing system is a unified environment to analyze the execution of test scenarios. It provides continuous validation and verification of the information and algorithmic support of the SHC. In particular, a methodology has been developed to carry out resource tests of the software and hardware complex and checking the operation of the mechanisms for backing up, synchronizing, and replacing its components by simulating failures in the processor modules, hardware and software components. A set of methodological factors has been defined to develop advanced software and hardware systems for process control systems. It significantly affects the adequacy of the information and algorithmic support of a complex system. A technology of automated testing of software and hardware tools of the SHC has been developed. Methods to solve interdisciplinary problems are generalized. The authors recommend solving the problems at the earlier stages of a complex system design. The proposed technology to develop and diagnose automatically software and hardware of the SHC by implementing a single environment to study, compare and detect the defects of the SHC software throughout the entire life cycle of the process control system allows you to identify and eliminate the mutual negative influence of the SHC c","PeriodicalId":23635,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik IGEU","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87673282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.17588/2072-2672.2022.3.005-012
O. Nagornaya, V. Gorbunov, A. Pavlov, P.A. Mineev
The demand for electricity is growing due to industry development in the world. Thus, the issue to obtain energy using installations that use secondary energy resources is relevant. In this regard, it is important to carry out the research on the operation of such installations. There are many ways to study the operation of turbines as one of the types of installations that uses secondary energy resources. For this purpose, such visual environment as ANSYS allows you to get a visual 3D representation of the turbine operation. Thus, an urgent task is to develop a numerical determined turbine model in the ANSYS CFX package and then adapt it based on experimental data. The model based on numerical experiments can be used to find ways to increase the electricity output. The top-pressure recovery turbine GUBT-25 is chosen as the object of the research. During the research the professional analytical ANSYS CFX software has been used to solve thermal-, hydro-, and gas-dynamic problems. Also, such software module as BladeGen is applied to design a solid-state model and TurboGrid is to create a grid. ANSYS CFX software uses the following basic equations for the numerical solution of the gas expansion problem in a turbine: the energy equation, the momentum equation, and the continuity equation. For the first time a numerical determined model of the GUBT-25 turbine has been developed in the ANSYS CFX analytical software. Also, a preliminary verification of the model has been carried out based on the results of the industrial experiment conducted at the OJSC “Severstal” turbine. In addition, to demonstrate the capabilities of the model the article graphically presents such characteristics as distribution of temperature and velocity in the first stage of the turbine. The developed numerical model of the GUBT-25 turbine has series of restrictions that affect the simulation results. The results of comparing the data obtained during the simulation differ from the experimental data. In case the model is more complicated, it will be possible to simulate the real processes of GUBT-25 more accurately.
{"title":"Development of combustion-gas turbine model","authors":"O. Nagornaya, V. Gorbunov, A. Pavlov, P.A. Mineev","doi":"10.17588/2072-2672.2022.3.005-012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2022.3.005-012","url":null,"abstract":"The demand for electricity is growing due to industry development in the world. Thus, the issue to obtain energy using installations that use secondary energy resources is relevant. In this regard, it is important to carry out the research on the operation of such installations. There are many ways to study the operation of turbines as one of the types of installations that uses secondary energy resources. For this purpose, such visual environment as ANSYS allows you to get a visual 3D representation of the turbine operation. Thus, an urgent task is to develop a numerical determined turbine model in the ANSYS CFX package and then adapt it based on experimental data. The model based on numerical experiments can be used to find ways to increase the electricity output. The top-pressure recovery turbine GUBT-25 is chosen as the object of the research. During the research the professional analytical ANSYS CFX software has been used to solve thermal-, hydro-, and gas-dynamic problems. Also, such software module as BladeGen is applied to design a solid-state model and TurboGrid is to create a grid. ANSYS CFX software uses the following basic equations for the numerical solution of the gas expansion problem in a turbine: the energy equation, the momentum equation, and the continuity equation. For the first time a numerical determined model of the GUBT-25 turbine has been developed in the ANSYS CFX analytical software. Also, a preliminary verification of the model has been carried out based on the results of the industrial experiment conducted at the OJSC “Severstal” turbine. In addition, to demonstrate the capabilities of the model the article graphically presents such characteristics as distribution of temperature and velocity in the first stage of the turbine. The developed numerical model of the GUBT-25 turbine has series of restrictions that affect the simulation results. The results of comparing the data obtained during the simulation differ from the experimental data. In case the model is more complicated, it will be possible to simulate the real processes of GUBT-25 more accurately.","PeriodicalId":23635,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik IGEU","volume":"2009 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82629125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.17588/2072-2672.2022.3.064-072
I. Ratmanová, E.E. Bulatova
Currently, energy efficiency indicators of regional infrastructure are presented as a rule in a quantitative form. However, decision makers need an assessment in a readable form to see the transition from a few quantitative values to a qualitative one that allows us in general to assess the dynamic patterns of energy consumption in the region. In this regard, the development of a method to assess the efficiency of energy consumption with linguistic recognition of the results obtained seems to be very relevant. The analysis is based on the retrospective values of indicators of the fuel and energy balances of the regions. The consolidated balance sheet includes about 500 indicator values for all used fuel and energy resources per year. To assess the multifactorial system under consideration, it is advisable to use the well-known matrix aggregation scheme, where the rows are the factors, and the columns are their qualitative levels. A standard five-level fuzzy 01-classifier is used as a scale for the transition from quantitative values of balance sheet indicators to qualitative values. A method is proposed to assess the dynamic pattern of energy consumption by means of linguistic recognition of a certain set of relative indicators of fuel and energy balances. Evaluation of the results in several regions using actual retrospective data has showed the relevance and reliability of the results obtained. At the same time, the results have been checked by methods of analysis and visualization of multidimensional data, as well as by experts. It has been established that the proposed approach to assess the efficiency of the use of fuel and energy resources can be used in the region policy of energy saving to improve the efficiency of decision-making.
{"title":"Assessment of dynamic patterns of energy consumption in region using fuzzy logic","authors":"I. Ratmanová, E.E. Bulatova","doi":"10.17588/2072-2672.2022.3.064-072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2022.3.064-072","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, energy efficiency indicators of regional infrastructure are presented as a rule in a quantitative form. However, decision makers need an assessment in a readable form to see the transition from a few quantitative values to a qualitative one that allows us in general to assess the dynamic patterns of energy consumption in the region. In this regard, the development of a method to assess the efficiency of energy consumption with linguistic recognition of the results obtained seems to be very relevant. The analysis is based on the retrospective values of indicators of the fuel and energy balances of the regions. The consolidated balance sheet includes about 500 indicator values for all used fuel and energy resources per year. To assess the multifactorial system under consideration, it is advisable to use the well-known matrix aggregation scheme, where the rows are the factors, and the columns are their qualitative levels. A standard five-level fuzzy 01-classifier is used as a scale for the transition from quantitative values of balance sheet indicators to qualitative values. A method is proposed to assess the dynamic pattern of energy consumption by means of linguistic recognition of a certain set of relative indicators of fuel and energy balances. Evaluation of the results in several regions using actual retrospective data has showed the relevance and reliability of the results obtained. At the same time, the results have been checked by methods of analysis and visualization of multidimensional data, as well as by experts. It has been established that the proposed approach to assess the efficiency of the use of fuel and energy resources can be used in the region policy of energy saving to improve the efficiency of decision-making.","PeriodicalId":23635,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik IGEU","volume":"75Suppl 2 Suppl 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89416327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.17588/2072-2672.2022.3.035-044
O. Gazizova
The main trend of the electric power industry is the expansion of its own power supply sources of the industrial enterprises. At the same time, isolated operation mode remains the mode that may cause emergency conditions. The relevance of the conducted studies is confirmed by experience. Thermal power plants (TPP) are continuously reconstructed, the power of the generators is increasing, and they are transferred to operate in generator – transformer units. The generating equipment is constantly changing because of repairing, maintenance, and emergency conditions. Therefore, part of the machines operates in electrical mode, the other part operates in thermal mode. In case of isolated operation, some machines are unable to control frequency of the unit. Then, a danger of loss of static stability may occur under conditions of reactive power deficiency. In this regard, the research to define the reasons of the loss of static stability of industrial STG, to conduct computational experiments and to develop activities to reduce emergency situations is relevant. Calculation of the operating modes of industrial thermal power plant has been carried out using the KATRAN software package. A consistent weighting method is used to analyze the static stability of the power plant. The consistent equivalent method is applied to calculate the steady-state modes in case of isolated and parallel operation with the power system. An algorithm has been developed that differs from the existing ones as it considers the impact of the thermal load on the static stability factor of turbogenerators of industrial thermal power plants. Also, it allows you to choose turbine–generator unit that will maintain constant pressure in the steam pipeline. The modes of isolated operation have been studied in terms of static stability of the power plant when all speed control units are operating and in case that one of the turbine-generator unit operates to maintain constant pressure in the steam pipeline. The results have shown that during maintenance operation of one of the machines of thermal load can lead to loss of static stability. Recommendations to improve stability are presented. The obtained algorithm allows us to develop activities to increase static sustainability in case of isolated operation with the power system. The suggested key activity is to redistribute between the turbines the function to keep the steam pressure in the steam pipeline. The computational experiment conducted using the example of the industrial thermal power plant has proved its effectiveness.
{"title":"Impact of operating modes of industrial thermal power plant on steady-state stability of turbogenerators when isolated from power system","authors":"O. Gazizova","doi":"10.17588/2072-2672.2022.3.035-044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2022.3.035-044","url":null,"abstract":"The main trend of the electric power industry is the expansion of its own power supply sources of the industrial enterprises. At the same time, isolated operation mode remains the mode that may cause emergency conditions. The relevance of the conducted studies is confirmed by experience. Thermal power plants (TPP) are continuously reconstructed, the power of the generators is increasing, and they are transferred to operate in generator – transformer units. The generating equipment is constantly changing because of repairing, maintenance, and emergency conditions. Therefore, part of the machines operates in electrical mode, the other part operates in thermal mode. In case of isolated operation, some machines are unable to control frequency of the unit. Then, a danger of loss of static stability may occur under conditions of reactive power deficiency. In this regard, the research to define the reasons of the loss of static stability of industrial STG, to conduct computational experiments and to develop activities to reduce emergency situations is relevant. Calculation of the operating modes of industrial thermal power plant has been carried out using the KATRAN software package. A consistent weighting method is used to analyze the static stability of the power plant. The consistent equivalent method is applied to calculate the steady-state modes in case of isolated and parallel operation with the power system. An algorithm has been developed that differs from the existing ones as it considers the impact of the thermal load on the static stability factor of turbogenerators of industrial thermal power plants. Also, it allows you to choose turbine–generator unit that will maintain constant pressure in the steam pipeline. The modes of isolated operation have been studied in terms of static stability of the power plant when all speed control units are operating and in case that one of the turbine-generator unit operates to maintain constant pressure in the steam pipeline. The results have shown that during maintenance operation of one of the machines of thermal load can lead to loss of static stability. Recommendations to improve stability are presented. The obtained algorithm allows us to develop activities to increase static sustainability in case of isolated operation with the power system. The suggested key activity is to redistribute between the turbines the function to keep the steam pressure in the steam pipeline. The computational experiment conducted using the example of the industrial thermal power plant has proved its effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":23635,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik IGEU","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85549111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.17588/2072-2672.2022.3.024-034
V. Lebedev, N. Kuzmina, G. Filatova
Mathematical modeling of a power transmission line (PTL) is an important issue for a wide range of tasks in the electric power industry. Mathematical modeling is necessary when studying the transient processes in electric power systems. Analytical expressions that allow modeling power transmission lines in a wide frequency range, including low frequencies and direct current, make it possible to study the operation of relay protection and automation devices in various modes and improve the accuracy of devices of fault location. It is important not only to obtain analytical expressions to determine the frequency dependences of the resistance, but also to verify these expressions in comparison with more accurate methods based on the finite elements method (FEM). The study has been carried out using a mathematical tools based on cylindrical Bessel functions. To develop formulas, it is necessary to determine the constants of integration based on boundary conditions. To verify the obtained expressions, modeling has been performed in the COMSOL Multiphysics software package, which is based on the FEM. The article presents a study of the internal resistance of the wires of power transmission line using the example of AC 185/24 wire. An analytical expression has been obtained to determine the internal complex resistance of a bimetallic wire. The reliability of the obtained expressions is confirmed by the convergence of the simulation results in comparison with the results of simulation modeling in Comsol software and mathematical modeling using known analytical expressions. The proposed approach to determine the internal resistance of a wire makes it possible to get more accurate analytic definition of characteristics of an overhead power transmission line. And thus, to design more qualitative models to analyze transient processes in power transmission lines and investigate the operation of relay protection devices. The wire models developed in Comsol software can be considered as more accurate in a wide range of frequencies.
{"title":"Study of mathematical approaches to determine frequency-dependent impedance of over-head power transmission line","authors":"V. Lebedev, N. Kuzmina, G. Filatova","doi":"10.17588/2072-2672.2022.3.024-034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2022.3.024-034","url":null,"abstract":"Mathematical modeling of a power transmission line (PTL) is an important issue for a wide range of tasks in the electric power industry. Mathematical modeling is necessary when studying the transient processes in electric power systems. Analytical expressions that allow modeling power transmission lines in a wide frequency range, including low frequencies and direct current, make it possible to study the operation of relay protection and automation devices in various modes and improve the accuracy of devices of fault location. It is important not only to obtain analytical expressions to determine the frequency dependences of the resistance, but also to verify these expressions in comparison with more accurate methods based on the finite elements method (FEM). The study has been carried out using a mathematical tools based on cylindrical Bessel functions. To develop formulas, it is necessary to determine the constants of integration based on boundary conditions. To verify the obtained expressions, modeling has been performed in the COMSOL Multiphysics software package, which is based on the FEM. The article presents a study of the internal resistance of the wires of power transmission line using the example of AC 185/24 wire. An analytical expression has been obtained to determine the internal complex resistance of a bimetallic wire. The reliability of the obtained expressions is confirmed by the convergence of the simulation results in comparison with the results of simulation modeling in Comsol software and mathematical modeling using known analytical expressions. The proposed approach to determine the internal resistance of a wire makes it possible to get more accurate analytic definition of characteristics of an overhead power transmission line. And thus, to design more qualitative models to analyze transient processes in power transmission lines and investigate the operation of relay protection devices. The wire models developed in Comsol software can be considered as more accurate in a wide range of frequencies.","PeriodicalId":23635,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik IGEU","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85703717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.17588/2072-2672.2022.2.005-014
B. L. Shelygin, S. Pankov, S. D. Gorshenin, G. V. Ledukhovsky, l.A. Kokulin
Application of the power plant based on GTU-6P gas turbine engine and P-102 waste heat boiler is a proven example of an effective technical solution to modernize existing industrial boiler houses and low-capacity combined heat and power plants. To improve the power plant, as well as to prove the effectiveness of its use under conditions of various power facilities, a mathematical model is needed. This model is the result of the synthesis of mathematical models of a gas turbine plant and a waste heat boiler. P-102 waste-heat boiler as an object of modeling has significant features, since it allows both autonomous operation and operation with the utilization of heat of GTU-6P flue gases. The purpose of this study is to develop a mathematical model of P-102 waste heat boiler for joint operation with GTU-6P in the adjustment range limits of loads. The mathematical model of the waste heat boiler is developed using the TRAKT software package. The development of a mathematical description for a rapid assessment of the plant efficiency indicators is carried out using the methods of regression analysis of data. The indicators of accuracy of the mathematical model are evaluated by comparison with experimental data. Experimental data is obtained under the operating conditions of the power plant of the type under consideration. The authors have developed a mathematical model of P-102 waste heat boiler in joint operation with GTU-6P gas turbine engine. The performance of the equipment is described with an accuracy acceptable for practical calculations. The mathematical model developed in the TRAKT software package makes it possible to solve the problems of mode optimization of a power plant. The calculation results obtained using this model differ from the operational data by an average of 2,2 %. The mathematical description for the rapid assessment of the plant efficiency indicators is characterized by the uncertainty of 6,3 %.
{"title":"Development of mathematical model of P-102 waste heat boiler for modes of joint operation with GTU-6P gas turbine unit","authors":"B. L. Shelygin, S. Pankov, S. D. Gorshenin, G. V. Ledukhovsky, l.A. Kokulin","doi":"10.17588/2072-2672.2022.2.005-014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2022.2.005-014","url":null,"abstract":"Application of the power plant based on GTU-6P gas turbine engine and P-102 waste heat boiler is a proven example of an effective technical solution to modernize existing industrial boiler houses and low-capacity combined heat and power plants. To improve the power plant, as well as to prove the effectiveness of its use under conditions of various power facilities, a mathematical model is needed. This model is the result of the synthesis of mathematical models of a gas turbine plant and a waste heat boiler. P-102 waste-heat boiler as an object of modeling has significant features, since it allows both autonomous operation and operation with the utilization of heat of GTU-6P flue gases. The purpose of this study is to develop a mathematical model of P-102 waste heat boiler for joint operation with GTU-6P in the adjustment range limits of loads. The mathematical model of the waste heat boiler is developed using the TRAKT software package. The development of a mathematical description for a rapid assessment of the plant efficiency indicators is carried out using the methods of regression analysis of data. The indicators of accuracy of the mathematical model are evaluated by comparison with experimental data. Experimental data is obtained under the operating conditions of the power plant of the type under consideration. The authors have developed a mathematical model of P-102 waste heat boiler in joint operation with GTU-6P gas turbine engine. The performance of the equipment is described with an accuracy acceptable for practical calculations. The mathematical model developed in the TRAKT software package makes it possible to solve the problems of mode optimization of a power plant. The calculation results obtained using this model differ from the operational data by an average of 2,2 %. The mathematical description for the rapid assessment of the plant efficiency indicators is characterized by the uncertainty of 6,3 %.","PeriodicalId":23635,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik IGEU","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88971296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.17588/2072-2672.2022.2.038-046
A. Tikhonov, A.V. Podobnyi, I. Snitko, A. Stulov, A. Karzhevin
One of the areas of industrial digitalization is associated with the concept of digital twins, which allows simulating the operation of real devices in various modes. Currently, simulation packages such as MatLab Simulink, or physical field modeling systems, such as ANSYS Maxwell are applied. The problem is that, despite the declared accuracy, practically no model of a technical device can demonstrate a point-to-point correspondence of the simulation results and the experimental results, especially under transient conditions. It is caused by variations of material characteristics and difficulty to consider technological factors. The purpose of this article is to develop a method to revise the simulation model of a single-phase transformer. So, this model can provide 95 % accuracy of the coincidence of the instantaneous values of currents in the windings when simulating the operation of the transformer both in steady state and in transient modes. The authors have used the methods to model electrical circuits, simulation modeling using the MatLab Simulink SimPowerSystem package, experimental methods to record current and voltage oscillograms. The authors have studied the possibility of accurate modeling of transient and steady processes in a single-phase transformer, considering the nonlinearity of the magnetic properties of electrical steel and the mutual influence of magnetic fluxes of windings that close outside the magnetic core. To revise the model, a multichannel high-speed recorder developed by the authors has been used. A technique to revise a simulation model of a single-phase transformer using experimental oscillograms of voltage and no-load current has been developed. Application of the proposed method to revise the transformer magnetization curve using experimental oscillograms of a real transformer, as well as calculating the resistance of the parallel magnetization branch of the equivalent circuit of the transformer based on the oscillogram, makes it possible to obtain an almost point-to-point correspondence of the no-load current curve obtained when modeling with the experimental curve. The proposed technique to develop a simulation model gives more accurate results of modeling transient modes of transformers in comparison with analogues.
{"title":"Method to revise a simulation model of single-phase transformer using no-load current waveforms","authors":"A. Tikhonov, A.V. Podobnyi, I. Snitko, A. Stulov, A. Karzhevin","doi":"10.17588/2072-2672.2022.2.038-046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2022.2.038-046","url":null,"abstract":"One of the areas of industrial digitalization is associated with the concept of digital twins, which allows simulating the operation of real devices in various modes. Currently, simulation packages such as MatLab Simulink, or physical field modeling systems, such as ANSYS Maxwell are applied. The problem is that, despite the declared accuracy, practically no model of a technical device can demonstrate a point-to-point correspondence of the simulation results and the experimental results, especially under transient conditions. It is caused by variations of material characteristics and difficulty to consider technological factors. The purpose of this article is to develop a method to revise the simulation model of a single-phase transformer. So, this model can provide 95 % accuracy of the coincidence of the instantaneous values of currents in the windings when simulating the operation of the transformer both in steady state and in transient modes. The authors have used the methods to model electrical circuits, simulation modeling using the MatLab Simulink SimPowerSystem package, experimental methods to record current and voltage oscillograms. The authors have studied the possibility of accurate modeling of transient and steady processes in a single-phase transformer, considering the nonlinearity of the magnetic properties of electrical steel and the mutual influence of magnetic fluxes of windings that close outside the magnetic core. To revise the model, a multichannel high-speed recorder developed by the authors has been used. A technique to revise a simulation model of a single-phase transformer using experimental oscillograms of voltage and no-load current has been developed. Application of the proposed method to revise the transformer magnetization curve using experimental oscillograms of a real transformer, as well as calculating the resistance of the parallel magnetization branch of the equivalent circuit of the transformer based on the oscillogram, makes it possible to obtain an almost point-to-point correspondence of the no-load current curve obtained when modeling with the experimental curve. The proposed technique to develop a simulation model gives more accurate results of modeling transient modes of transformers in comparison with analogues.","PeriodicalId":23635,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik IGEU","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83502423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.17588/2072-2672.2022.2.029-037
Y. Kondrashova, O. Gazizova, A. Malafeev
Improvement of energy-intensive technological processes of industrial enterprises requires increasing the reliability and efficiency of power supply of consumers. In this regard, one of the priority areas associated with introduction of the sources of distributed generation is mainstreamed in energy industry. This trend has both beneficial and negative impacts. It makes difficult to control normal, emergency, and post-emergency modes of power supply systems of enterprises of ferrous metallurgy. When new sources of distributed generation are introduced under the conditions of complex closed-loop power supply system, it is necessary to assess the level of short-circuit currents to check the electrical equipment and residual voltages across the busbars of the consumers of ferrous metallurgy. Also, it is necessary to determine the critical time of generators dropping and evaluate the stability in case of isolated operation. An algorithm has been developed for automated search of a dividing point in case of an emergency and isolated operation depending on the power balance to maintain stability. It is based on a combination of the method of successive network reduction and step-by-step method. To improve the reliability of essential consumers, the authors have developed an algorithm for automatic search for the dividing point during operation of emergency control system depending on the power balance to maintain stability. The authors have developed proprietary software to assess the effectiveness of emergency automation equipment of multi-level complex closed-loop power supply system of metallurgical enterprise. Performed calculations and analysis of emergency and post-emergency modes are designed to develop a comprehensive approach of a set of measures to ensure the reliability and stability of essential consumers in the mode of automatic search.
{"title":"Improving the efficiency of emergency control systems for future-oriented connection of sources of distributed generation","authors":"Y. Kondrashova, O. Gazizova, A. Malafeev","doi":"10.17588/2072-2672.2022.2.029-037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2022.2.029-037","url":null,"abstract":"Improvement of energy-intensive technological processes of industrial enterprises requires increasing the reliability and efficiency of power supply of consumers. In this regard, one of the priority areas associated with introduction of the sources of distributed generation is mainstreamed in energy industry. This trend has both beneficial and negative impacts. It makes difficult to control normal, emergency, and post-emergency modes of power supply systems of enterprises of ferrous metallurgy. When new sources of distributed generation are introduced under the conditions of complex closed-loop power supply system, it is necessary to assess the level of short-circuit currents to check the electrical equipment and residual voltages across the busbars of the consumers of ferrous metallurgy. Also, it is necessary to determine the critical time of generators dropping and evaluate the stability in case of isolated operation. An algorithm has been developed for automated search of a dividing point in case of an emergency and isolated operation depending on the power balance to maintain stability. It is based on a combination of the method of successive network reduction and step-by-step method. To improve the reliability of essential consumers, the authors have developed an algorithm for automatic search for the dividing point during operation of emergency control system depending on the power balance to maintain stability. The authors have developed proprietary software to assess the effectiveness of emergency automation equipment of multi-level complex closed-loop power supply system of metallurgical enterprise. Performed calculations and analysis of emergency and post-emergency modes are designed to develop a comprehensive approach of a set of measures to ensure the reliability and stability of essential consumers in the mode of automatic search.","PeriodicalId":23635,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik IGEU","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80052957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.17588/2072-2672.2022.2.058-066
S. Bobkov, I. Astrakhantseva
Heat transfer processes are the basis of the most technological processes of the energy sector. Thus, the development of modern approaches for computer simulation and visualization of the phenomena of thermal energy transfer in various objects are of great importance and is relevant. Classical models in the form of differential equations of various types describe processes in continuous space and time. So, it is difficult to apply classical models to study nonlinear phenomena, and processes in inhomogeneous media in the presence of discontinuous solutions at the boundaries. In these cases, simplifying assumptions are used, thus, the adequacy of the models is reduced. It is of great interest to apply fundamentally different approaches to describe transfer processes, which include discrete dynamic models. The purpose of this project is to study the possibilities to apply discrete approaches to simulate nonlinear heat transfer processes under conditions of material inhomogeneity and the presence of volume sources of variable power. The paper studies the possibilities to apply the agent-based approach to simulate models of complex systems. This approach allows us to consider a continuum as a set of interacting elements (agents). The behavior of the elements is completely described by local dependencies. At the same time, the laws of functioning of individual elements are accepted as deterministic and they correspond to the fundamental principles of the theory of heat transfer. The possibility to apply a discrete approach for simulating the process of heat transfer by the molecular mechanism has been studied. The general methodology to develop an agent-based deterministic model is described. Its applicability to describe quasi-linear and nonlinear heat conduction processes is considered. The examples of simulation of combustion processes complicated by exothermic and endothermic effects are considered. The advantages and disadvantages of the proposed method are indicated. The results of the study have shown that discrete agent models are a good alternative to classical continuum approaches to study heat transfer processes in inhomogeneous media. The results obtained do not contradict modern approaches to the description of thermal processes. It has also been found that the simulation algorithms used in the agent-based approach are quite universal and easily adapt to changes under the conditions of problem setting. The analysis of the results makes it possible to recommend a discrete agent-based approach to develop simulation models of complex technological processes and systems.
{"title":"Application of agent-based approach for heat conduction processes simulation","authors":"S. Bobkov, I. Astrakhantseva","doi":"10.17588/2072-2672.2022.2.058-066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2022.2.058-066","url":null,"abstract":"Heat transfer processes are the basis of the most technological processes of the energy sector. Thus, the development of modern approaches for computer simulation and visualization of the phenomena of thermal energy transfer in various objects are of great importance and is relevant. Classical models in the form of differential equations of various types describe processes in continuous space and time. So, it is difficult to apply classical models to study nonlinear phenomena, and processes in inhomogeneous media in the presence of discontinuous solutions at the boundaries. In these cases, simplifying assumptions are used, thus, the adequacy of the models is reduced. It is of great interest to apply fundamentally different approaches to describe transfer processes, which include discrete dynamic models. The purpose of this project is to study the possibilities to apply discrete approaches to simulate nonlinear heat transfer processes under conditions of material inhomogeneity and the presence of volume sources of variable power. The paper studies the possibilities to apply the agent-based approach to simulate models of complex systems. This approach allows us to consider a continuum as a set of interacting elements (agents). The behavior of the elements is completely described by local dependencies. At the same time, the laws of functioning of individual elements are accepted as deterministic and they correspond to the fundamental principles of the theory of heat transfer. The possibility to apply a discrete approach for simulating the process of heat transfer by the molecular mechanism has been studied. The general methodology to develop an agent-based deterministic model is described. Its applicability to describe quasi-linear and nonlinear heat conduction processes is considered. The examples of simulation of combustion processes complicated by exothermic and endothermic effects are considered. The advantages and disadvantages of the proposed method are indicated. The results of the study have shown that discrete agent models are a good alternative to classical continuum approaches to study heat transfer processes in inhomogeneous media. The results obtained do not contradict modern approaches to the description of thermal processes. It has also been found that the simulation algorithms used in the agent-based approach are quite universal and easily adapt to changes under the conditions of problem setting. The analysis of the results makes it possible to recommend a discrete agent-based approach to develop simulation models of complex technological processes and systems.","PeriodicalId":23635,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik IGEU","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80468323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.17588/2072-2672.2022.2.047-057
D. N. Aksamentov
Nowadays, cargo cranes are widely used in various areas of industries. Many of cranes use suspended load fastening, which is associated with load swinging during transportation. Load swinging is most often caused by acceleration or deceleration of the crane trolley, less often it occurs due to external disturbances, such as wind. One of the key directions of the development of this kind of cranes is the development of an automated control system that can dampen pendular oscillations of the load. At present, a considerable number of control systems have been developed, but most of them require preset adjustment of specific parameters of the transported load. The task of this study is to develop and debug a control algorithm using a model of an overhead crane of previously developed adaptive control law that can provide fine positioning and damping of load oscillations under the current parametric uncertainty. The study using the pilot plant will allow us to determine and analyze the features of the implementation of the control law before its application for industrial cranes. An adaptive control law is studied using the model of overhead crane under conditions of a current parametric uncertainty of the load and external disturbances. This control method is based on an adaptive control approach with an identifier and an implicit reference model using “simplified” adaptation conditions. A previously developed adaptive control law for an overhead crane is described. An experimental model of an overhead crane is described. An algorithm for adaptive control of an overhead crane model has been developed. The first experimental studies of the proposed control method have been carried out. They confirm its performance in real conditions. The results of experimental tests have shown the effectiveness of the adaptive control law. The system ensures fine motion of the load in a short period of time, dampens the pendular oscillations of the load during acceleration and deceleration of the trolley, as well as during external disturbances. The adaptive control law allows you to move the load to the designated position and dampen the pendular oscillations with minimal preset adjustment of the control system. Since the identification of parameters occurs at the current time, the changes of the parameters of the load and the length of suspension do not affect the quality of control.
{"title":"Study of adaptive control law of overhead crane using its model","authors":"D. N. Aksamentov","doi":"10.17588/2072-2672.2022.2.047-057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2022.2.047-057","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, cargo cranes are widely used in various areas of industries. Many of cranes use suspended load fastening, which is associated with load swinging during transportation. Load swinging is most often caused by acceleration or deceleration of the crane trolley, less often it occurs due to external disturbances, such as wind. One of the key directions of the development of this kind of cranes is the development of an automated control system that can dampen pendular oscillations of the load. At present, a considerable number of control systems have been developed, but most of them require preset adjustment of specific parameters of the transported load. The task of this study is to develop and debug a control algorithm using a model of an overhead crane of previously developed adaptive control law that can provide fine positioning and damping of load oscillations under the current parametric uncertainty. The study using the pilot plant will allow us to determine and analyze the features of the implementation of the control law before its application for industrial cranes. An adaptive control law is studied using the model of overhead crane under conditions of a current parametric uncertainty of the load and external disturbances. This control method is based on an adaptive control approach with an identifier and an implicit reference model using “simplified” adaptation conditions. A previously developed adaptive control law for an overhead crane is described. An experimental model of an overhead crane is described. An algorithm for adaptive control of an overhead crane model has been developed. The first experimental studies of the proposed control method have been carried out. They confirm its performance in real conditions. The results of experimental tests have shown the effectiveness of the adaptive control law. The system ensures fine motion of the load in a short period of time, dampens the pendular oscillations of the load during acceleration and deceleration of the trolley, as well as during external disturbances. The adaptive control law allows you to move the load to the designated position and dampen the pendular oscillations with minimal preset adjustment of the control system. Since the identification of parameters occurs at the current time, the changes of the parameters of the load and the length of suspension do not affect the quality of control.","PeriodicalId":23635,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik IGEU","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80576367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：