Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.17588/2072-2672.2022.5.018-023
S. D. Gorshenin, S. I. Shuvalov, E. V. Zinovieva, l.A. Kokulin
A significant disadvantage of grate stokers is great carbon loss. To reduce these losses, the ash caught in the flue is returned to the furnace for afterburning. The effectiveness of this measure depends on the thermal characteristics of coal, the size of the pieces of coal and ash, the degree of carbon elimination, and the design features of the combustion chamber. Normative techniques to calculate and design grate stokers do not consider the features of coal combustion with ash return. Thus, it is relevant to develop the models that describe the creation of ash flows in the boiler path depending on its design, properties and dispersed composition of the burned coal and the aerodynamics of the combustion chamber. Mathematic simulation of the processes of particle size classification has been carried out to describe the creation of ash mass flows on the grate and in the convection chamber. To evaluate the parameters of mathematical models, simulation modeling of gas dynamics of flue gases in the combustion chamber has been carried out with SolidWorks software. The authors have developed a mathematical model and the method to identify its parameters. It allows us to obtain quantitative estimates of the economic efficiency of boilers with grate firing of coal. Thus, a computer program has been developed. The authors have used the program and the Neryungri brown coal to burn in the KV-TS-30-150 boiler. The results have shown that carbon loss without fly ash reinjection is 11,27 %. Introduction of fly-coke return unit reduces the loss up to 10,45 %. It is established that elimination of slit windows in the rotary baffle will lead to a change of the trajectories of ash particles and carbon losses reduction up to 10,17 %. Limiting the maximum size of coal pieces to 50 mm will lead to a more noticeable increase of boiler efficiency. The calculations have showed that in case the value of the carbon burn out factor equals 0,935, the carbon loss when the system of fly ash reinjection is turned off, its commissioning and, in addition, an increase of the gas density of the rotary screen will be 4 ,88%, 4,44% and 4,3% respectively. In case of a more careful assessment of the burnout factor at the level of 0,9, the carbon loss will be 7,51%, 6,87% and 6,65% respectively. The developed mathematical model makes it possible to evaluate the effect of the operation of the fly ash reinjection unit on the efficiency of the operation of a boiler with a grate stoker. Validation of a model for adequacy and for accuracy increase can be carried out after field testing of the boiler equipment.
{"title":"Improving the efficiency of fly ash reinjection in grate stoker of boiler","authors":"S. D. Gorshenin, S. I. Shuvalov, E. V. Zinovieva, l.A. Kokulin","doi":"10.17588/2072-2672.2022.5.018-023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2022.5.018-023","url":null,"abstract":"A significant disadvantage of grate stokers is great carbon loss. To reduce these losses, the ash caught in the flue is returned to the furnace for afterburning. The effectiveness of this measure depends on the thermal characteristics of coal, the size of the pieces of coal and ash, the degree of carbon elimination, and the design features of the combustion chamber. Normative techniques to calculate and design grate stokers do not consider the features of coal combustion with ash return. Thus, it is relevant to develop the models that describe the creation of ash flows in the boiler path depending on its design, properties and dispersed composition of the burned coal and the aerodynamics of the combustion chamber. Mathematic simulation of the processes of particle size classification has been carried out to describe the creation of ash mass flows on the grate and in the convection chamber. To evaluate the parameters of mathematical models, simulation modeling of gas dynamics of flue gases in the combustion chamber has been carried out with SolidWorks software. The authors have developed a mathematical model and the method to identify its parameters. It allows us to obtain quantitative estimates of the economic efficiency of boilers with grate firing of coal. Thus, a computer program has been developed. The authors have used the program and the Neryungri brown coal to burn in the KV-TS-30-150 boiler. The results have shown that carbon loss without fly ash reinjection is 11,27 %. Introduction of fly-coke return unit reduces the loss up to 10,45 %. It is established that elimination of slit windows in the rotary baffle will lead to a change of the trajectories of ash particles and carbon losses reduction up to 10,17 %. Limiting the maximum size of coal pieces to 50 mm will lead to a more noticeable increase of boiler efficiency. The calculations have showed that in case the value of the carbon burn out factor equals 0,935, the carbon loss when the system of fly ash reinjection is turned off, its commissioning and, in addition, an increase of the gas density of the rotary screen will be 4 ,88%, 4,44% and 4,3% respectively. In case of a more careful assessment of the burnout factor at the level of 0,9, the carbon loss will be 7,51%, 6,87% and 6,65% respectively. The developed mathematical model makes it possible to evaluate the effect of the operation of the fly ash reinjection unit on the efficiency of the operation of a boiler with a grate stoker. Validation of a model for adequacy and for accuracy increase can be carried out after field testing of the boiler equipment.","PeriodicalId":23635,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik IGEU","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90233774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.17588/2072-2672.2022.5.033-043
A. Yablokov, I. Ivanov, F. Kulikov, A. Tychkin, A. Panaschatenko, V. Saveliev
Application of Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) is a modern technology in electric power systems with quite a few possible applications. Remote identification of fault location (FL) at extra-high voltage transmission lines is one of the possible applications of PMU. The number of research works dedicated to this issue is rather limited. Also, there is no in-depth analysis of the PMU digital filter performance in case of short circuit; some factors that affect the FL accuracy are not covered; and the number of methods to identify FL remotely is insufficient. The current research goal is to study all the above-mentioned issues. The research has been conducted using the methods of mathematical modeling of fault-initiated transients represented with a real-time digital simulator RTDS (including the RSCAD software). A total of 16 FL expressions both in Russian and foreign scientific papers have been analyzed. Monte-Carlo method has been used to assess the impact of various factors on the FL accuracy. The PMU functionality presented in the RTDS simulator has been used to obtain required synchrophasors. A typical timespan of faults at extra-high voltage transmission lines has been deduced (it turns out to be at least three cycles of the fundamental frequency component). Dynamic characteristics of both M and P class PMUs have been thoroughly examined. The authors have made a conclusion that PMU-based FL is as accurate as that provided by conventional FL units. The influence of some major factors on the FL results has been investigated as well. PMU-based FL is considered to be a promising application. At the same time, P filter class PMUs are primarily used. One is to avoid getting synchrophasor data of different class PMUs at the line terminals. The obtained results are meant to be introduced to improve the PMU-based FL accuracy, especially in the context of processing real PMU data.
{"title":"Practical issues of fault location at extra-high voltage overhead transmission lines using RTDS-based synchrophasor measurements","authors":"A. Yablokov, I. Ivanov, F. Kulikov, A. Tychkin, A. Panaschatenko, V. Saveliev","doi":"10.17588/2072-2672.2022.5.033-043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2022.5.033-043","url":null,"abstract":"Application of Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) is a modern technology in electric power systems with quite a few possible applications. Remote identification of fault location (FL) at extra-high voltage transmission lines is one of the possible applications of PMU. The number of research works dedicated to this issue is rather limited. Also, there is no in-depth analysis of the PMU digital filter performance in case of short circuit; some factors that affect the FL accuracy are not covered; and the number of methods to identify FL remotely is insufficient. The current research goal is to study all the above-mentioned issues. The research has been conducted using the methods of mathematical modeling of fault-initiated transients represented with a real-time digital simulator RTDS (including the RSCAD software). A total of 16 FL expressions both in Russian and foreign scientific papers have been analyzed. Monte-Carlo method has been used to assess the impact of various factors on the FL accuracy. The PMU functionality presented in the RTDS simulator has been used to obtain required synchrophasors. A typical timespan of faults at extra-high voltage transmission lines has been deduced (it turns out to be at least three cycles of the fundamental frequency component). Dynamic characteristics of both M and P class PMUs have been thoroughly examined. The authors have made a conclusion that PMU-based FL is as accurate as that provided by conventional FL units. The influence of some major factors on the FL results has been investigated as well. PMU-based FL is considered to be a promising application. At the same time, P filter class PMUs are primarily used. One is to avoid getting synchrophasor data of different class PMUs at the line terminals. The obtained results are meant to be introduced to improve the PMU-based FL accuracy, especially in the context of processing real PMU data.","PeriodicalId":23635,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik IGEU","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88114846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.17588/2072-2672.2022.4.035-045
A. Manin, D.B. Vyner
Background. As a rule, the control of compensating devices is carried out in the automatic control system with sensors of network parameters and control system included in a specific node of the electrical network. However, the general state of the electrical network in terms of reactive power flows is not considered. At present, static VAR compensators are mostly spread. They are designed on the principle of an indirect compensation system, which has several disadvantages. In this regard, to optimize reactive power flows and maintain the specified voltage values in the network nodes with an abruptly variable nature of reactive power consumption, it is necessary to stabilize the required network parameters and minimize the loss of electrical energy due to the flow of reactive power. Materials and methods. To improve the energy efficiency of corrective devices, it is proposed to use static VAR compensators based on magnetic valve elements. To generate control actions, an artificial neural network (ANN) module is introduced into the monitoring to predict the capacities of consumers. Such a neural network is based on an electrical network model described by the combined matrix method. The main processor generates control signals for corrective devices. Results. The authors have proposed to generate control signals for corrective devices by processing information received from remote voltage sensors and current sensors of the distribution grid. The proposed system for monitoring the distribution grid makes it possible to stabilize the required parameters of the network for consumers, to minimize the loss of electrical energy due to the flow of reactive power. Conclusions. The block of neural networks minimizes the emergency situations and accidents. The use of the static VAR compensators based on magnetic valve elements will additionally improve the energy efficiency of the distribution network monitoring system. The use of matrix analysis of network parameters in the distribution network of monitoring system to generate control signals for corrective devices allows optimizing networks in such a way as to minimize reactive power losses to select and install reactive power compensation devices and control them. The use of SVC based on magnetic valve elements as a corrective device improves the efficiency of reactive power compensation in networks with an abruptly variable nature of electrical energy consumption.
{"title":"System of monitoring parameters of distribution grid with corrective control based on neural network","authors":"A. Manin, D.B. Vyner","doi":"10.17588/2072-2672.2022.4.035-045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2022.4.035-045","url":null,"abstract":"Background. As a rule, the control of compensating devices is carried out in the automatic control system with sensors of network parameters and control system included in a specific node of the electrical network. However, the general state of the electrical network in terms of reactive power flows is not considered. At present, static VAR compensators are mostly spread. They are designed on the principle of an indirect compensation system, which has several disadvantages. In this regard, to optimize reactive power flows and maintain the specified voltage values in the network nodes with an abruptly variable nature of reactive power consumption, it is necessary to stabilize the required network parameters and minimize the loss of electrical energy due to the flow of reactive power. Materials and methods. To improve the energy efficiency of corrective devices, it is proposed to use static VAR compensators based on magnetic valve elements. To generate control actions, an artificial neural network (ANN) module is introduced into the monitoring to predict the capacities of consumers. Such a neural network is based on an electrical network model described by the combined matrix method. The main processor generates control signals for corrective devices. Results. The authors have proposed to generate control signals for corrective devices by processing information received from remote voltage sensors and current sensors of the distribution grid. The proposed system for monitoring the distribution grid makes it possible to stabilize the required parameters of the network for consumers, to minimize the loss of electrical energy due to the flow of reactive power. Conclusions. The block of neural networks minimizes the emergency situations and accidents. The use of the static VAR compensators based on magnetic valve elements will additionally improve the energy efficiency of the distribution network monitoring system. The use of matrix analysis of network parameters in the distribution network of monitoring system to generate control signals for corrective devices allows optimizing networks in such a way as to minimize reactive power losses to select and install reactive power compensation devices and control them. The use of SVC based on magnetic valve elements as a corrective device improves the efficiency of reactive power compensation in networks with an abruptly variable nature of electrical energy consumption.","PeriodicalId":23635,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik IGEU","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82603900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.17588/2072-2672.2022.4.024-034
A. Shelginsky, A. G. Zvonchevsky
Background. The need to increase the production facilities of the key sectors of the Russian economy arises as the consequences of the covid condition and is justified by social, economic and food crises. Guarantees of food security are provided due to stability and development of national facilities of the agro-industrial complex. Thus, on the legislative level a strategy to develop chemical networks has been developed. Also, a plan to develop mineral production in the agricultural sector has been made. The plan is to be carried out based on the best available technologies when redesign and install new facilities that ensure the efficient use of fuel and energy resources. In addition, it is necessary to work out scientific and technical solutions based on energy-saving technologies. All the global problems and the existing tasks in the field of mineral fertilizers production determine the importance of this study, the main purpose of which is to develop energy-saving measures in the production of ammophos. Materials and methods. The subject of the study is an industrial workshop to produce compound fertilizer (ammophos). The production technology is analyzed, the sources of irrational utilization of energy are determined, and the thermal processes of the technology are studied to assess the thermodynamic efficiency. The methods of thermodynamic, economic, and environmental analysis are applied to assess the efficiency of the developed project. Results. Promising trends to improve technological processes are proposed. Also, an energy saving solution based on the utilization of secondary heat of chemical reactions has been developed. An energy-saving cogeneration system has been developed that allows generating heat and electricity. The characteristic of this solution is given. The possibility to use the obtained types of energy in production is considered. The promising outlook to implement the developed solution into production is discussed based on the methods of assessment of performance. Also, the possibility to scale this technological solution to similar industrial facilities is considered. A quantitative assessment of the environmental performance indicator (reduction of the annual volume of CO2) is given when introducing an energy-saving solution into manufacturing. Conclusions. In the future introduction of the developed energy saving measures will make it possible to improve, modernize and build new production facilities that will have different performance indicators both in terms of energy and environmental components. The use of the applied technologies can significantly improve the economic efficiency indicators not only of a specific facility, but of the entire agro-industrial complex.
{"title":"Energy saving issues in production of ammophos based on effective use of thermal SER technologies","authors":"A. Shelginsky, A. G. Zvonchevsky","doi":"10.17588/2072-2672.2022.4.024-034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2022.4.024-034","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The need to increase the production facilities of the key sectors of the Russian economy arises as the consequences of the covid condition and is justified by social, economic and food crises. Guarantees of food security are provided due to stability and development of national facilities of the agro-industrial complex. Thus, on the legislative level a strategy to develop chemical networks has been developed. Also, a plan to develop mineral production in the agricultural sector has been made. The plan is to be carried out based on the best available technologies when redesign and install new facilities that ensure the efficient use of fuel and energy resources. In addition, it is necessary to work out scientific and technical solutions based on energy-saving technologies. All the global problems and the existing tasks in the field of mineral fertilizers production determine the importance of this study, the main purpose of which is to develop energy-saving measures in the production of ammophos. Materials and methods. The subject of the study is an industrial workshop to produce compound fertilizer (ammophos). The production technology is analyzed, the sources of irrational utilization of energy are determined, and the thermal processes of the technology are studied to assess the thermodynamic efficiency. The methods of thermodynamic, economic, and environmental analysis are applied to assess the efficiency of the developed project. Results. Promising trends to improve technological processes are proposed. Also, an energy saving solution based on the utilization of secondary heat of chemical reactions has been developed. An energy-saving cogeneration system has been developed that allows generating heat and electricity. The characteristic of this solution is given. The possibility to use the obtained types of energy in production is considered. The promising outlook to implement the developed solution into production is discussed based on the methods of assessment of performance. Also, the possibility to scale this technological solution to similar industrial facilities is considered. A quantitative assessment of the environmental performance indicator (reduction of the annual volume of CO2) is given when introducing an energy-saving solution into manufacturing. Conclusions. In the future introduction of the developed energy saving measures will make it possible to improve, modernize and build new production facilities that will have different performance indicators both in terms of energy and environmental components. The use of the applied technologies can significantly improve the economic efficiency indicators not only of a specific facility, but of the entire agro-industrial complex.","PeriodicalId":23635,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik IGEU","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81819084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.17588/2072-2672.2022.4.064-072
A. Zatonskiy, I. Dolgopolov
Background. It is difficult to analyze the energy efficiency of 110 kV electrical networks due to the lack of the possibility to conduct experiments on operating equipment, namely on power transformers. The existing methods of mathematical calculation of electrical networks do not provide a wide opportunity to study the modes of 110 kV networks. Computational experiments to analyze the energy efficiency of equipment operation reduce the risks of equipment damage and injury of maintenance personnel. Also, it allows you to explore the necessary operation modes of a 110 kV electrical network, including power transformers. Materials and methods. The transformer model is developed in the Matlab virtual laboratory using the Simpowersystem toolbox. Results. The passport data of the transformer of the type TDTN-25000/110-U1 are given. The use of a star circuit instead of a T-shaped equivalent circuit is studied since the transformer has three windings. Virtual models are developed to conduct short circuit and open circuit experiments. The calculation of the magnetization curve of the transformer core is carried out. Using a new virtual model of a transformer of the TDTN-25000/110-U1 type, the processes of short circuit and open circuit are studied. The correspondence of the simulation results and the passport data of a real transformer is presented. The oscillograms of the magnetizing current inrush are obtained. They also correspond to the real ones. Conclusions. The model error in comparison with the passport data of a real transformer does not exceed 5 %. The model is recommended to be used to analyze the energy efficiency of 110 kV electrical networks. The promising trend to research the model of a power transformer is to add the voltage regulator under load as the operation condition.
{"title":"Simulation of three winding power transformer in Matlab Simulink","authors":"A. Zatonskiy, I. Dolgopolov","doi":"10.17588/2072-2672.2022.4.064-072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2022.4.064-072","url":null,"abstract":"Background. It is difficult to analyze the energy efficiency of 110 kV electrical networks due to the lack of the possibility to conduct experiments on operating equipment, namely on power transformers. The existing methods of mathematical calculation of electrical networks do not provide a wide opportunity to study the modes of 110 kV networks. Computational experiments to analyze the energy efficiency of equipment operation reduce the risks of equipment damage and injury of maintenance personnel. Also, it allows you to explore the necessary operation modes of a 110 kV electrical network, including power transformers. Materials and methods. The transformer model is developed in the Matlab virtual laboratory using the Simpowersystem toolbox. Results. The passport data of the transformer of the type TDTN-25000/110-U1 are given. The use of a star circuit instead of a T-shaped equivalent circuit is studied since the transformer has three windings. Virtual models are developed to conduct short circuit and open circuit experiments. The calculation of the magnetization curve of the transformer core is carried out. Using a new virtual model of a transformer of the TDTN-25000/110-U1 type, the processes of short circuit and open circuit are studied. The correspondence of the simulation results and the passport data of a real transformer is presented. The oscillograms of the magnetizing current inrush are obtained. They also correspond to the real ones. Conclusions. The model error in comparison with the passport data of a real transformer does not exceed 5 %. The model is recommended to be used to analyze the energy efficiency of 110 kV electrical networks. The promising trend to research the model of a power transformer is to add the voltage regulator under load as the operation condition.","PeriodicalId":23635,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik IGEU","volume":"130 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74146629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.17588/2072-2672.2022.4.014-023
V. Gorbynov, S.S. Teplyakova, N. A. Lonshakov, S. G. Andrianov, M. Mechtaeva, P.A. Mineev
Background. Turbine feed pumps (TFP) are one of the main consumers of thermal energy for in-house needs of thermal power plants and nuclear power plants. Currently, much attention is paid to improve the efficiency of operation of turbine feed pumps. Thus, it is necessary to assess the impact of operational parameters. The problem is that it is necessary to process a large array of data. The solution to the problem is the development of a methodology that allows quantitative and qualitative assessment of operational parameters. Materials and methods. As initial data, the authors have used the data of 20 thermodynamic and hydraulic parameters recorded during the industrial operation of the TFP equipment and the equations of thermal balances to find the key performance indicators of the TFP. A complex of multidimensional statistical methods is used for data processing, i.e cluster and factor analysis in the Statistica software package. Results. A methodology to assess the impact of parameters on the operation efficiency of the TFP has been developed. The cluster analysis method is used to diagnose and classify the parameters under study. By the method of factor analysis, several parameters have been identified: feed water flow in the pipeline behind the TFP, differential pressure of water of the TFP, condensate flow in the pipeline behind the TFP condensate pumps, pressure drop of circulating water before and after the TFP condenser, condensate temperature of the drive turbine. The analysis of the results has showed that the identified parameters are the main components of the useful power of the turbine feed pump and the criteria for the efficiency of the TFP. Conclusions. The proposed methodology makes it possible to carry out a quantitative and qualitative assessment of operational parameters, solve the problem of processing large amounts of information, reduce the time and complexity of calculations. The results obtained are based on the developed methodology and can be used to design a statistical model using neural network technologies. This methodology can be chosen to evaluate the operation of technological systems and subsystems at thermal power plants and nuclear power plants.
{"title":"Methodology to assess impact of operational parameters on operation of turbine feed pump","authors":"V. Gorbynov, S.S. Teplyakova, N. A. Lonshakov, S. G. Andrianov, M. Mechtaeva, P.A. Mineev","doi":"10.17588/2072-2672.2022.4.014-023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2022.4.014-023","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Turbine feed pumps (TFP) are one of the main consumers of thermal energy for in-house needs of thermal power plants and nuclear power plants. Currently, much attention is paid to improve the efficiency of operation of turbine feed pumps. Thus, it is necessary to assess the impact of operational parameters. The problem is that it is necessary to process a large array of data. The solution to the problem is the development of a methodology that allows quantitative and qualitative assessment of operational parameters. Materials and methods. As initial data, the authors have used the data of 20 thermodynamic and hydraulic parameters recorded during the industrial operation of the TFP equipment and the equations of thermal balances to find the key performance indicators of the TFP. A complex of multidimensional statistical methods is used for data processing, i.e cluster and factor analysis in the Statistica software package. Results. A methodology to assess the impact of parameters on the operation efficiency of the TFP has been developed. The cluster analysis method is used to diagnose and classify the parameters under study. By the method of factor analysis, several parameters have been identified: feed water flow in the pipeline behind the TFP, differential pressure of water of the TFP, condensate flow in the pipeline behind the TFP condensate pumps, pressure drop of circulating water before and after the TFP condenser, condensate temperature of the drive turbine. The analysis of the results has showed that the identified parameters are the main components of the useful power of the turbine feed pump and the criteria for the efficiency of the TFP. Conclusions. The proposed methodology makes it possible to carry out a quantitative and qualitative assessment of operational parameters, solve the problem of processing large amounts of information, reduce the time and complexity of calculations. The results obtained are based on the developed methodology and can be used to design a statistical model using neural network technologies. This methodology can be chosen to evaluate the operation of technological systems and subsystems at thermal power plants and nuclear power plants.","PeriodicalId":23635,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik IGEU","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90526973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.17588/2072-2672.2022.4.005-013
O. Kolibaba, D. Dolinin, R. Gabitov, M.M. Chizhikova
Background. Pyrolysis is a promising environmentally friendly thermal method to process municipal solid waste (MSW). Pyrolysis makes it possible to obtain a combination of solid, liquid, and gaseous products in various proportions by changing the operating parameters of the process. Thermal processing of MSW is carried out in special furnaces, thermal reactors. At present, the processes of the pyrolysis technology Purox, Torrax Noell and others are carried out in thermal reactors of various designs that have their own advantages and disadvantages. The design of a furnace is to meet several requirements, such as high productivity, efficiency of operation, ensuring the specified technological conditions of the process, etc. The designed furnace is to meet modern requirements of science and technology in the field of heat and mass transfer theory, hydrodynamics, and technical aesthetics. Materials and methods. The studies have been carried out using the methods of physical and mathematical modeling, the ANSYS software package of finite element analysis. Results. Based on the results of physical and numerical studies, the values of the efficiency of the pyrolysis furnace have been obtained when MSW is heated at speeds of 5, 10 and 15 оС/min. Based on the results a rational operating mode of the installation has been chosen with a heating rate of 10 оС/min. Conclusions. The use of pyrolysis technology for waste disposal will reduce CO2 emissions by 17 % compared to traditional incineration. The proposed design of a pyrolysis furnace for the disposal of pre-prepared waste contributes to energy efficiency improvement of the process.
{"title":"Development of furnace design to dispose municipal solid waste and study of its operation modes","authors":"O. Kolibaba, D. Dolinin, R. Gabitov, M.M. Chizhikova","doi":"10.17588/2072-2672.2022.4.005-013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2022.4.005-013","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Pyrolysis is a promising environmentally friendly thermal method to process municipal solid waste (MSW). Pyrolysis makes it possible to obtain a combination of solid, liquid, and gaseous products in various proportions by changing the operating parameters of the process. Thermal processing of MSW is carried out in special furnaces, thermal reactors. At present, the processes of the pyrolysis technology Purox, Torrax Noell and others are carried out in thermal reactors of various designs that have their own advantages and disadvantages. The design of a furnace is to meet several requirements, such as high productivity, efficiency of operation, ensuring the specified technological conditions of the process, etc. The designed furnace is to meet modern requirements of science and technology in the field of heat and mass transfer theory, hydrodynamics, and technical aesthetics. Materials and methods. The studies have been carried out using the methods of physical and mathematical modeling, the ANSYS software package of finite element analysis. Results. Based on the results of physical and numerical studies, the values of the efficiency of the pyrolysis furnace have been obtained when MSW is heated at speeds of 5, 10 and 15 оС/min. Based on the results a rational operating mode of the installation has been chosen with a heating rate of 10 оС/min. Conclusions. The use of pyrolysis technology for waste disposal will reduce CO2 emissions by 17 % compared to traditional incineration. The proposed design of a pyrolysis furnace for the disposal of pre-prepared waste contributes to energy efficiency improvement of the process.","PeriodicalId":23635,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik IGEU","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88364900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.17588/2072-2672.2022.4.053-063
I. Polyuschenkov
Background. To operate multi-coordinate electromechanical systems require control of electric drives coordinated in time and space along each of the axes, which is called coordinated control. Thus, various computing tools and mathematical algorithms are used. They establish the baseline of the software for microprocessor control systems. At the same time, the implementation of control algorithms is limited by the computing resources of the hardware parts of control systems, including the limitations of the tools of information transmission. To consider and eliminate these limitations and thus, to improve operation of the multi-coordinate electromechanical system, the aim of the article is to update control algorithms and balance distribution of computational resources of electric drives control systems. Materials and methods. Data are presented on the software development for coordinated control of several electric drives as a part of an electromechanical system that performs coordinated motion along its axes in time and space. To synchronize the control, the following technical solutions have been applied: description of the path of the high-level controller in the form of a sequence of reference points, buffering the coordinates when received by the electric drives and subsequent interpolation. Balanced distribution of resources between the high-level controller and local systems of electric drives is carried out considering the intensity of data exchange via the network interface. When calculating the reference points by the high-level controller, approximation of the paths by line segments at time intervals of variable duration is carried out to describe the generic path within the allowable mismatch. Results. The algorithm to synchronize the system time of the electric drives and the high-level controller has been implemented to synchronize the interpolation of paths. To implement this algorithm and transfer the coordinates of reference points to electric drives, special commands are used. They have different priority levels depending on the required speed of execution. In accordance with this algorithm, software has been developed as an element of the microprocessor control system of the electric drive. Conclusions. Application of various technical tools and computational algorithms that make it possible to allocate the computing resources of the control system and rationally use them contributes to efficiency improvement, in particular, the consistency and timeliness of electric drives control as a part of multi-axis electromechanical systems. The authors have proved the efficiency of the approach of coordinated control with the use of buffering coordinates of reference points followed by interpolation of the paths depending on the system time of each of the electric drives.
{"title":"Development of electric drive software for coordinated control in electromechanical system","authors":"I. Polyuschenkov","doi":"10.17588/2072-2672.2022.4.053-063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2022.4.053-063","url":null,"abstract":"Background. To operate multi-coordinate electromechanical systems require control of electric drives coordinated in time and space along each of the axes, which is called coordinated control. Thus, various computing tools and mathematical algorithms are used. They establish the baseline of the software for microprocessor control systems. At the same time, the implementation of control algorithms is limited by the computing resources of the hardware parts of control systems, including the limitations of the tools of information transmission. To consider and eliminate these limitations and thus, to improve operation of the multi-coordinate electromechanical system, the aim of the article is to update control algorithms and balance distribution of computational resources of electric drives control systems. Materials and methods. Data are presented on the software development for coordinated control of several electric drives as a part of an electromechanical system that performs coordinated motion along its axes in time and space. To synchronize the control, the following technical solutions have been applied: description of the path of the high-level controller in the form of a sequence of reference points, buffering the coordinates when received by the electric drives and subsequent interpolation. Balanced distribution of resources between the high-level controller and local systems of electric drives is carried out considering the intensity of data exchange via the network interface. When calculating the reference points by the high-level controller, approximation of the paths by line segments at time intervals of variable duration is carried out to describe the generic path within the allowable mismatch. Results. The algorithm to synchronize the system time of the electric drives and the high-level controller has been implemented to synchronize the interpolation of paths. To implement this algorithm and transfer the coordinates of reference points to electric drives, special commands are used. They have different priority levels depending on the required speed of execution. In accordance with this algorithm, software has been developed as an element of the microprocessor control system of the electric drive. Conclusions. Application of various technical tools and computational algorithms that make it possible to allocate the computing resources of the control system and rationally use them contributes to efficiency improvement, in particular, the consistency and timeliness of electric drives control as a part of multi-axis electromechanical systems. The authors have proved the efficiency of the approach of coordinated control with the use of buffering coordinates of reference points followed by interpolation of the paths depending on the system time of each of the electric drives.","PeriodicalId":23635,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik IGEU","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85378514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.17588/2072-2672.2022.3.013-023
D. M. Kuzmenkov, A.V. Olkhovskiy, V. S. Yunin, K. V. Kutsenko
Nanoparticles suspended in the base fluid intensify the light-absorbing properties of the medium within wavelength range from 0,2 to 2,5 μm significantly. Also, they can serve as vapor bubble nucleation sites when the base fluid is boiling. Such suspensions are widely used to design the direct absorption solar collectors, in which the nanofluid is possessed both the working fluid and solar energy absorber. However, there is a lack of theoretical models that are capable to evaluate the steam rated capacity of direct absorption solar collector. Thus, the aim of the present paper is an experimental and theoretical study of the boiling of nanofluid exposed to thermal radiation. The experimental study has been carried out on a laboratory-scale unit with a solar radiation simulator. The experimental unit is capable to operate at a continuous steady-state mode with recirculation of condensed fluid. Two types of nanoparticles have been tested: multiwall carbon nanotubes with two sizes of 49 nm and 72 nm and 110 nm iron oxide particles Fe3O4. Distilled and salt water has been used as the base fluid for all types of particles. Mass fraction of particles is varied from 0,5 to 5 %. The reference experiment has been carried out for salt water in a blackened receiver. The theoretical model assumes that boiling is localized in a narrow region adjacent to the irradiated surface. An experimental study of the steam rated capacity for various types of particles has been carried out. An analytical expression has been proposed to estimate the steam rated capacity during the boiling of a nanofluid exposed to thermal radiation. Comparison of the experimental data for the distilled water-based and saltwater-based nanofluids has been carried out. It is found that the addition of sea salt does not affect the steam generation significantly. The maximum difference is 12 %. The highest steam rated capacity is achieved when using carbon nanotubes of mass fraction of 5 %. The steam rated capacity is increased by 23 % compared with the reference experiment. The theoretical model reproduces the experimental data with an average deviation of 7 %. Application of nanoparticles in direct absorption solar collectors allows us to increase the steam rated capacity compared with the boiling of the base liquid in a blackened receiver. The theoretical model is capable to estimate to a high precision the steam rated capacity in case of boiling of suspension exposed to thermal radiation. The results of this study may be of interest during the development of solar power plants with a steam turbine cycle.
{"title":"Application of nanoparticles for solar-driven steam generation","authors":"D. M. Kuzmenkov, A.V. Olkhovskiy, V. S. Yunin, K. V. Kutsenko","doi":"10.17588/2072-2672.2022.3.013-023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2022.3.013-023","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoparticles suspended in the base fluid intensify the light-absorbing properties of the medium within wavelength range from 0,2 to 2,5 μm significantly. Also, they can serve as vapor bubble nucleation sites when the base fluid is boiling. Such suspensions are widely used to design the direct absorption solar collectors, in which the nanofluid is possessed both the working fluid and solar energy absorber. However, there is a lack of theoretical models that are capable to evaluate the steam rated capacity of direct absorption solar collector. Thus, the aim of the present paper is an experimental and theoretical study of the boiling of nanofluid exposed to thermal radiation. The experimental study has been carried out on a laboratory-scale unit with a solar radiation simulator. The experimental unit is capable to operate at a continuous steady-state mode with recirculation of condensed fluid. Two types of nanoparticles have been tested: multiwall carbon nanotubes with two sizes of 49 nm and 72 nm and 110 nm iron oxide particles Fe3O4. Distilled and salt water has been used as the base fluid for all types of particles. Mass fraction of particles is varied from 0,5 to 5 %. The reference experiment has been carried out for salt water in a blackened receiver. The theoretical model assumes that boiling is localized in a narrow region adjacent to the irradiated surface. An experimental study of the steam rated capacity for various types of particles has been carried out. An analytical expression has been proposed to estimate the steam rated capacity during the boiling of a nanofluid exposed to thermal radiation. Comparison of the experimental data for the distilled water-based and saltwater-based nanofluids has been carried out. It is found that the addition of sea salt does not affect the steam generation significantly. The maximum difference is 12 %. The highest steam rated capacity is achieved when using carbon nanotubes of mass fraction of 5 %. The steam rated capacity is increased by 23 % compared with the reference experiment. The theoretical model reproduces the experimental data with an average deviation of 7 %. Application of nanoparticles in direct absorption solar collectors allows us to increase the steam rated capacity compared with the boiling of the base liquid in a blackened receiver. The theoretical model is capable to estimate to a high precision the steam rated capacity in case of boiling of suspension exposed to thermal radiation. The results of this study may be of interest during the development of solar power plants with a steam turbine cycle.","PeriodicalId":23635,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik IGEU","volume":"176 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72681749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.17588/2072-2672.2022.3.057-063
V. Zhukov, M.D. Fomichev, V. Vinogradov, A. Barochkin, A. N. Belyakov
The priority of the state energy policy of the Russian Federation is introduction of resource- and energy-saving technologies. One of the areas to improve such technologies at thermal power plants and nuclear power plants is the effective cooling of circulating water in recirculating cooling systems. Despite the large number of scientific papers on this issue, improving the process of cooling the circulating water of recirculating cooling systems remains an urgent task especially when using cooling tower systems under the conditions of a limited amount of make-up low-mineralized water. There are no universal methods to calculate and design such equipment. Thus, the development of new methods to model and improve heat and mass transfer processes in tower-type cooling towers is an urgent task for the energy sector and related industries. Models based on the mass and energy balance equations are used to solve the problem of modeling heat and mass transfer processes considering the phase transition in coolants. Mathematical programming methods are used to solve the obtained equations. A model of the process of heat and mass transfer in cooling towers of recirculating cooling systems of TPPs and NPPs has been developed, considering a possible phase transition in coolants. An approach and method to solve the problem of choosing the design and operation modes of tower-type cooling towers is proposed. The simulation results are compared with standard data. Comparison of the calculated and experimental results has proved an adequate description of the real process of heat and mass transfer in the cooling tower using the model. It makes possible to set and solve problems to choose the optimal design and operating parameters of the recirculating cooling systems equipment. The proposed method to solve the problem of modeling heat and mass transfer provides the possibility of simultaneously searching for the most acceptable values of operating parameters and design characteristics of tower-type cooling towers for various purposes.
{"title":"Modeling and calculation of process of heat and mass transfer in cooling towers of circulating cooling systems of TPP and NPP","authors":"V. Zhukov, M.D. Fomichev, V. Vinogradov, A. Barochkin, A. N. Belyakov","doi":"10.17588/2072-2672.2022.3.057-063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2022.3.057-063","url":null,"abstract":"The priority of the state energy policy of the Russian Federation is introduction of resource- and energy-saving technologies. One of the areas to improve such technologies at thermal power plants and nuclear power plants is the effective cooling of circulating water in recirculating cooling systems. Despite the large number of scientific papers on this issue, improving the process of cooling the circulating water of recirculating cooling systems remains an urgent task especially when using cooling tower systems under the conditions of a limited amount of make-up low-mineralized water. There are no universal methods to calculate and design such equipment. Thus, the development of new methods to model and improve heat and mass transfer processes in tower-type cooling towers is an urgent task for the energy sector and related industries. Models based on the mass and energy balance equations are used to solve the problem of modeling heat and mass transfer processes considering the phase transition in coolants. Mathematical programming methods are used to solve the obtained equations. A model of the process of heat and mass transfer in cooling towers of recirculating cooling systems of TPPs and NPPs has been developed, considering a possible phase transition in coolants. An approach and method to solve the problem of choosing the design and operation modes of tower-type cooling towers is proposed. The simulation results are compared with standard data. Comparison of the calculated and experimental results has proved an adequate description of the real process of heat and mass transfer in the cooling tower using the model. It makes possible to set and solve problems to choose the optimal design and operating parameters of the recirculating cooling systems equipment. The proposed method to solve the problem of modeling heat and mass transfer provides the possibility of simultaneously searching for the most acceptable values of operating parameters and design characteristics of tower-type cooling towers for various purposes.","PeriodicalId":23635,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik IGEU","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83042164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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