Pub Date : 2024-07-11DOI: 10.37022/wjcmpr.v6i2.332
Dixit Neha, Poonam Choudhary
Garbhopaghatakara Bhavas deals with concerns that may cause Upaghata (damage) to the growing fetus (Garbha). It includesAhara, viharaj and mansikfactors that are dangerous during pregnancy. Maternal Ahara has a crucial role in regulating maternal health and fetal growth. The word "Ambu" in Garbhasambhavasamagri refers to a nutrient-dense portion for good conceptus growth. Any defect in "Ambubhava" has a negative impact on pregnancy by preventing the growing fetus from receiving adequate nutrients. This paper discuss the Garbhopghatakarabhava related to Aharawith rationality. Scientific knowledge of these factors can improve birth outcomes by removing hazardous variables.
{"title":"A critical review on garbhopghatkarabhava related to dietetics","authors":"Dixit Neha, Poonam Choudhary","doi":"10.37022/wjcmpr.v6i2.332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37022/wjcmpr.v6i2.332","url":null,"abstract":"Garbhopaghatakara Bhavas deals with concerns that may cause Upaghata (damage) to the growing fetus (Garbha). It includesAhara, viharaj and mansikfactors that are dangerous during pregnancy. Maternal Ahara has a crucial role in regulating maternal health and fetal growth. The word \"Ambu\" in Garbhasambhavasamagri refers to a nutrient-dense portion for good conceptus growth. Any defect in \"Ambubhava\" has a negative impact on pregnancy by preventing the growing fetus from receiving adequate nutrients. This paper discuss the Garbhopghatakarabhava related to Aharawith rationality. Scientific knowledge of these factors can improve birth outcomes by removing hazardous variables.","PeriodicalId":23642,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Current Medical and Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"141 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141656109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-05DOI: 10.37022/wjcmpr.v6i2.328
Sonali Raj, Mehak Ahuja
The Klotho protein, initially discovered for its role in aging and calcium metabolism, has emerged as a multifunctional regulator with diverse impacts on health and disease. Beyond its functions in maintaining phosphate homeostasis and suppressing aging pathways, Klotho exhibits pleiotropic effects in various physiological processes, including cognition, cardiovascular health, and cancer suppression. This review elucidates themechanisms underlying Klotho's versatile functions, shedding light on its involvement in modulating signaling pathways such as insulin/IGF-1, Wnt, and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) pathways. Furthermore, we explore the therapeutic potential of Klotho modulation in combating age-related diseases, neurodegeneration, and metabolic disorders. Understanding the complexities of Klotho biology unveils novel strategies for therapeutic interventions and highlights its significance in promoting healthy aging and disease prevention.
{"title":"The versatility of klotho protein: insights into its multifaceted functions in health and disease","authors":"Sonali Raj, Mehak Ahuja","doi":"10.37022/wjcmpr.v6i2.328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37022/wjcmpr.v6i2.328","url":null,"abstract":"The Klotho protein, initially discovered for its role in aging and calcium metabolism, has emerged as a multifunctional regulator with diverse impacts on health and disease. Beyond its functions in maintaining phosphate homeostasis and suppressing aging pathways, Klotho exhibits pleiotropic effects in various physiological processes, including cognition, cardiovascular health, and cancer suppression. This review elucidates themechanisms underlying Klotho's versatile functions, shedding light on its involvement in modulating signaling pathways such as insulin/IGF-1, Wnt, and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) pathways. Furthermore, we explore the therapeutic potential of Klotho modulation in combating age-related diseases, neurodegeneration, and metabolic disorders. Understanding the complexities of Klotho biology unveils novel strategies for therapeutic interventions and highlights its significance in promoting healthy aging and disease prevention.","PeriodicalId":23642,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Current Medical and Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"40 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141381823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-21DOI: 10.37022/wjcmpr.v6i2.327
Dragan Jovanovic, Tatjana Gazibara, Adlekha Shashikanth, Olubukola Yeku, Andrew Wolfram, Christina Krupinsky, Teya Van Biljouw Bath
Background & objectives: Team-based learning is a pedagogical strategy that enhances student knowledge through individual testing and group collaboration. The objective of this preliminary study was to examine if students’ collaborative annotation improved understanding of microscopic morphology and diagnosis of pathological slides. Methods: Mean individual and then group scores of pathology slides analysis by Path2 students were compared by the Wilcoxon signed rank test and group differences by ANOVA. Students' attitudes toward TBL were examined using a short 8-item questionnaire which graded responses on a 5-point Likert scale. Analyses were performed in the SPSS version 20.Probability level of p<0.05 was statistically significant. Results: The average individual scores ranged from 44.0 to 50.0 out of 100. The differences between the groups were not observed. The average group scores ranged from 75.0 to 82.0percentage. Compared with the average individual score, all group scores were statisticallysignificantly higher (p<0.001). Group scores among students who had low performance were statistically significantly higher compared to their individual scores. This was also observed among high performance students (p<0.003). In terms of TBL attitudes, all average attitude scores were positive (the highest were reported for active learning). Attitudes score did notcorrelate with the Path1 grade. No difference in attitudes was found between high and low performing students. Conclusion: Group analysis of pathology slides significantly improves the success in making a pathological diagnosis, both for low performance and for high performance students. The strongest positive attitude was observed for “Promotes opportunity for active learning”, “Group dynamics potentiate learning outcome” and “Encourage discussion for differential diagnosis”. We progressively incorporated these collaborative approaches into virtual environment in pathology courses at our medical faculty that have been shown to further improve students’ engagement and learning outcomes, promotes opportunities for active engagement and interaction.
{"title":"Teamwork significantly improves pathology slide diagnosis: students’ perspective","authors":"Dragan Jovanovic, Tatjana Gazibara, Adlekha Shashikanth, Olubukola Yeku, Andrew Wolfram, Christina Krupinsky, Teya Van Biljouw Bath","doi":"10.37022/wjcmpr.v6i2.327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37022/wjcmpr.v6i2.327","url":null,"abstract":"Background & objectives: Team-based learning is a pedagogical strategy that enhances student knowledge through individual testing and group collaboration. The objective of this preliminary study was to examine if students’ collaborative annotation improved understanding of microscopic morphology and diagnosis of pathological slides. \u0000Methods: Mean individual and then group scores of pathology slides analysis by Path2 students were compared by the Wilcoxon signed rank test and group differences by ANOVA. Students' attitudes toward TBL were examined using a short 8-item questionnaire which graded responses on a 5-point Likert scale. Analyses were performed in the SPSS version 20.Probability level of p<0.05 was statistically significant. \u0000Results: The average individual scores ranged from 44.0 to 50.0 out of 100. The differences between the groups were not observed. The average group scores ranged from 75.0 to 82.0percentage. Compared with the average individual score, all group scores were statisticallysignificantly higher (p<0.001). Group scores among students who had low performance were statistically significantly higher compared to their individual scores. This was also observed among high performance students (p<0.003). In terms of TBL attitudes, all average attitude scores were positive (the highest were reported for active learning). Attitudes score did notcorrelate with the Path1 grade. No difference in attitudes was found between high and low performing students. \u0000Conclusion: Group analysis of pathology slides significantly improves the success in making a pathological diagnosis, both for low performance and for high performance students. The strongest positive attitude was observed for “Promotes opportunity for active learning”, “Group dynamics potentiate learning outcome” and “Encourage discussion for differential diagnosis”. We progressively incorporated these collaborative approaches into virtual environment in pathology courses at our medical faculty that have been shown to further improve students’ engagement and learning outcomes, promotes opportunities for active engagement and interaction.","PeriodicalId":23642,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Current Medical and Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"62 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141116934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-13DOI: 10.37022/wjcmpr.v6i2.324
Lazaru P, N. S. K. J, Chenna Reddy D, Aliveli Bai B, Naga Nandini Ch, K.S Prathyusha G, Jyothirmai V P, Sowmya S
Objective: Osteoarthritis is a chronic disease marked by cartilage deterioration, affecting millions globally. Although incurable, it can be managed with adjuvant therapy. This study aims to assess the safety and efficacy of intra-articular Triamcinolone acetonide in knee OA, a corticosteroid used for OA, Rheumatoid arthritis, gouty arthritis, and skin disorders. Methods: In a prospective observational study with 120 participants, pain severity was evaluated using numerical pain rating and KL-grade scales, while joint space narrowing was assessed via X-ray reports. Subjects were categorized by severity and prescribed intra-articular Triamcinolone acetonide, analgesics, NSAIDs, PPIs, and supplements. They were monitored for pain reduction. Results: Pain scores were evaluated using NPRS and KL-grade scale: initially, severe pain affected 4.1% (n=5), moderate 86.6% (n=104), mild 9.1% (n=11). After three follow-ups over 6 months, severe pain decreased to 1.6% (n=2), moderate to 84.1% (n=101), and mild increased to 14.1% (n=17). Conclusion: Our study concludes that intra-articular triamcinolone acetonide, combined with oral and topical analgesics, PPIs, nutritional, and vitamin supplements, is safer and more effective for knee OA, improving patient quality of life, reducing disease severity, prescription charges, and adverse drug reactions.
目的：骨关节炎是一种以软骨退化为特征的慢性疾病，影响着全球数百万人。 虽然无法治愈，但可以通过辅助治疗来控制病情。本研究旨在评估膝关节 OA 关节腔内曲安奈德的安全性和有效性，曲安奈德是一种用于治疗 OA、类风湿性关节炎、痛风性关节炎和皮肤病的皮质类固醇。研究方法在一项有 120 名参与者参加的前瞻性观察研究中，疼痛严重程度通过数字疼痛评级和 KL 等级量表进行评估，关节间隙狭窄则通过 X 光报告进行评估。受试者按严重程度进行分类，并开具关节内曲安奈德、止痛药、非甾体抗炎药、PPI 和补充剂。对他们的疼痛减轻情况进行监测。结果：疼痛评分采用 NPRS 和 KL 等级评分法进行评估：最初，4.1%（5 人）为重度疼痛，86.6%（104 人）为中度疼痛，9.1%（11 人）为轻度疼痛。经过 6 个月的三次随访，重度疼痛患者降至 1.6%（2 人），中度疼痛患者降至 84.1%（101 人），轻度疼痛患者增至 14.1%（17 人）。结论我们的研究得出结论，关节内曲安奈德与口服和局部止痛药、PPIs、营养和维生素补充剂联合使用，对膝关节 OA 更安全、更有效，可改善患者的生活质量，降低疾病严重程度、处方费用和药物不良反应。
{"title":"A Prospective Observational Study to Evaluate Safety and Efficacy of Intraarticular Administration of Triamcinolone Acetonidein Knee Osteoarthritis in A Tertiary Care Hospital","authors":"Lazaru P, N. S. K. J, Chenna Reddy D, Aliveli Bai B, Naga Nandini Ch, K.S Prathyusha G, Jyothirmai V P, Sowmya S","doi":"10.37022/wjcmpr.v6i2.324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37022/wjcmpr.v6i2.324","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Osteoarthritis is a chronic disease marked by cartilage deterioration, affecting millions globally. Although incurable, it can be managed with adjuvant therapy. This study aims to assess the safety and efficacy of intra-articular Triamcinolone acetonide in knee OA, a corticosteroid used for OA, Rheumatoid arthritis, gouty arthritis, and skin disorders. \u0000Methods: In a prospective observational study with 120 participants, pain severity was evaluated using numerical pain rating and KL-grade scales, while joint space narrowing was assessed via X-ray reports. Subjects were categorized by severity and prescribed intra-articular Triamcinolone acetonide, analgesics, NSAIDs, PPIs, and supplements. They were monitored for pain reduction. \u0000Results: Pain scores were evaluated using NPRS and KL-grade scale: initially, severe pain affected 4.1% (n=5), moderate 86.6% (n=104), mild 9.1% (n=11). After three follow-ups over 6 months, severe pain decreased to 1.6% (n=2), moderate to 84.1% (n=101), and mild increased to 14.1% (n=17). \u0000Conclusion: Our study concludes that intra-articular triamcinolone acetonide, combined with oral and topical analgesics, PPIs, nutritional, and vitamin supplements, is safer and more effective for knee OA, improving patient quality of life, reducing disease severity, prescription charges, and adverse drug reactions.","PeriodicalId":23642,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Current Medical and Pharmaceutical Research","volume":" 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141128652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-17DOI: 10.37022/wjcmpr.v6i1.320
L. Soromou, Matho Sonomou, Mohamed Keyra
Objective: Rabies is a real risk to public health, and remains a zoonosis with considerable medical and economic impact on both humans and animals. The aim of this study was to identify and evaluate rabies control measures applied in the urban township of Dalaba. Materials and Methods: The methodology adopted was based on consultation of animal health managers and analysis of archives; field surveys of human health services, owner-managers of domestic carnivores and livestock breeders; and evaluation of anti-epizootic measures. Results: From 2010 to 2017, consultation of executives and analysis of archives revealed the following data: 25 reported cases of carnivore bites, of which 19 were observed by veterinary practitioners; 32 cases of clinical animal rabies recorded, including 18 dogs, 13 cattle and 1 cat; and 103 animal rabies vaccinations. A search of health facility consultation registers showed 400 cases of bites attributable to carnivores, of which 37 victims were subjected to post-exposure vaccination. From 112 carnivore owners surveyed, (50.89%) claimed to be perfectly aware of the disease. To prevent the disease, 14.28% have their animals caged; 22.32% vaccinate and 29.82% vaccinate regularly; 14.29% have their dogs castrated, and 31.25% feed their animals regularly. Among the 210 carnivores registered, 45 dogs (21.43%) and 2 cats (0.95%) have been vaccinated against rabies, giving a vaccination coverage rate of 22.38%. Conclusion: At the end of this research, we noted that rabies constitutes a real threat and a major zoonosis requiring the adoption of strategies for better control.
{"title":"Current status of Rabies Prophylaxis in Dalaba (Republic of Guinea)","authors":"L. Soromou, Matho Sonomou, Mohamed Keyra","doi":"10.37022/wjcmpr.v6i1.320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37022/wjcmpr.v6i1.320","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Rabies is a real risk to public health, and remains a zoonosis with considerable medical and economic impact on both humans and animals. The aim of this study was to identify and evaluate rabies control measures applied in the urban township of Dalaba. \u0000Materials and Methods: The methodology adopted was based on consultation of animal health managers and analysis of archives; field surveys of human health services, owner-managers of domestic carnivores and livestock breeders; and evaluation of anti-epizootic measures. \u0000Results: From 2010 to 2017, consultation of executives and analysis of archives revealed the following data: 25 reported cases of carnivore bites, of which 19 were observed by veterinary practitioners; 32 cases of clinical animal rabies recorded, including 18 dogs, 13 cattle and 1 cat; and 103 animal rabies vaccinations. A search of health facility consultation registers showed 400 cases of bites attributable to carnivores, of which 37 victims were subjected to post-exposure vaccination. From 112 carnivore owners surveyed, (50.89%) claimed to be perfectly aware of the disease. To prevent the disease, 14.28% have their animals caged; 22.32% vaccinate and 29.82% vaccinate regularly; 14.29% have their dogs castrated, and 31.25% feed their animals regularly. Among the 210 carnivores registered, 45 dogs (21.43%) and 2 cats (0.95%) have been vaccinated against rabies, giving a vaccination coverage rate of 22.38%. \u0000Conclusion: At the end of this research, we noted that rabies constitutes a real threat and a major zoonosis requiring the adoption of strategies for better control.","PeriodicalId":23642,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Current Medical and Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"210 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140693066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-17DOI: 10.37022/wjcmpr.v6i1.317
MushtaqTalib Al-Safi
Hepatitis B virus is a major public health problem, and the outcome of infection depends on the effectiveness of the virus's interaction with the host, and in particular on the strength of the natural and conditioned response of humoral and cellular immunity. This study was conducted to assess the clinical status, genetic immunity and viral (viral) traits of Iraqi patients with chronic hepatitis B virus and healthy carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen, as well as to show the relationship between the immune status and the chronic condition of the disease. The study included (60) patients with chronic hepatitis B virus type (B) and (60) healthy hepatitis B surface antigen carriers who attended the Teaching Hospital for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases in Nasiriya City Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital, Thalassemia Center and the Central Blood Bank in Nasiriya Citysouthern of Iraq. for the period from the first period. From February 2022 until the end of February 2022, the average age of patients infected with chronic hepatitis B virus was 64.5 years, and the average age of healthy carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen was 35. 1 year, and the ratio of males to females was (12.2:) for chronic patients and (13.6:) for carriers of the disease. As for the deoxyribonucleic acid, it was (100%) in chronic patients and healthy carriers using the Nested type polymerase chain reaction, and at a rate of (30.0%) and (46.7%) in chronic patients and healthy carriers, respectively using the polymerase chain reaction technique. direct with a significant difference between the two interactions. The current results confirm that a nested PCR protocol to detect HBV DNA is a more sensitive way of detecting HBV in Iraq CHB patients and carriers. Recent advanced techniques such as nucleic acid assays, quantitative assays for viral load and RT-PCR for Iraqi viral hepatitis laboratories are recommended.
{"title":"Detection of Hbv Dna By Direct Pcr Protocol And Nested Pcr Protocol And Comparing Them. In Chronic Patients and Healthy Carriers of Hepatitis B Virus.","authors":"MushtaqTalib Al-Safi","doi":"10.37022/wjcmpr.v6i1.317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37022/wjcmpr.v6i1.317","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatitis B virus is a major public health problem, and the outcome of infection depends on the effectiveness of the virus's interaction with the host, and in particular on the strength of the natural and conditioned response of humoral and cellular immunity. This study was conducted to assess the clinical status, genetic immunity and viral (viral) traits of Iraqi patients with chronic hepatitis B virus and healthy carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen, as well as to show the relationship between the immune status and the chronic condition of the disease. The study included (60) patients with chronic hepatitis B virus type (B) and (60) healthy hepatitis B surface antigen carriers who attended the Teaching Hospital for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases in Nasiriya City Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital, Thalassemia Center and the Central Blood Bank in Nasiriya Citysouthern of Iraq. for the period from the first period. From February 2022 until the end of February 2022, the average age of patients infected with chronic hepatitis B virus was 64.5 years, and the average age of healthy carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen was 35. 1 year, and the ratio of males to females was (12.2:) for chronic patients and (13.6:) for carriers of the disease. As for the deoxyribonucleic acid, it was (100%) in chronic patients and healthy carriers using the Nested type polymerase chain reaction, and at a rate of (30.0%) and (46.7%) in chronic patients and healthy carriers, respectively using the polymerase chain reaction technique. direct with a significant difference between the two interactions. The current results confirm that a nested PCR protocol to detect HBV DNA is a more sensitive way of detecting HBV in Iraq CHB patients and carriers. Recent advanced techniques such as nucleic acid assays, quantitative assays for viral load and RT-PCR for Iraqi viral hepatitis laboratories are recommended.","PeriodicalId":23642,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Current Medical and Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"151 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140235637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-17DOI: 10.37022/wjcmpr.v6i1.316
Hind AbdulzahraAbdulkadhim Alshaibani
The study in this review aims to know and study the parasite Entamoebahistolytica that causes Amoebiasis worldwide. During its life cycle, E. histolytica passes through several phases, trophozoite stage, precyst stage, the cyst stage, the Metacyst stage, and Metacystictrophozoite stage. In this study, the spread of the parasite globally and in the Arab world and methods of treating the disease were also discussed. The Genomic structureof E. histolytica, like other organisms, is characterized by diversity and heterogeneity in its genetic content, which is one of the most important reasons for its survival and its ability to infect. Interestingly, the genome of the E. histolytica contains a large amount of genes presumed to be of bacterial origin. The study of the genetic diversity of E. histolytica gives paths to the developmental change that resulted in the emergence of evolutionary features or traits. Understanding amoebic virulence is important. Several studies have shown that genetic factors influence the virulence of parasitic infections. Studying the virulence of E. histolytica by Serine-rich protein (REHP) gene is among the important issues used in molecular epidemiological studies.
{"title":"A review of entamoebahistolytica genome, virulence factors, phylogenetic tree and treatment","authors":"Hind AbdulzahraAbdulkadhim Alshaibani","doi":"10.37022/wjcmpr.v6i1.316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37022/wjcmpr.v6i1.316","url":null,"abstract":"The study in this review aims to know and study the parasite Entamoebahistolytica that causes Amoebiasis worldwide. During its life cycle, E. histolytica passes through several phases, trophozoite stage, precyst stage, the cyst stage, the Metacyst stage, and Metacystictrophozoite stage. In this study, the spread of the parasite globally and in the Arab world and methods of treating the disease were also discussed. The Genomic structureof E. histolytica, like other organisms, is characterized by diversity and heterogeneity in its genetic content, which is one of the most important reasons for its survival and its ability to infect. Interestingly, the genome of the E. histolytica contains a large amount of genes presumed to be of bacterial origin. The study of the genetic diversity of E. histolytica gives paths to the developmental change that resulted in the emergence of evolutionary features or traits. Understanding amoebic virulence is important. Several studies have shown that genetic factors influence the virulence of parasitic infections. Studying the virulence of E. histolytica by Serine-rich protein (REHP) gene is among the important issues used in molecular epidemiological studies.","PeriodicalId":23642,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Current Medical and Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"5 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140235555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-16DOI: 10.37022/wjcmpr.v6i1.315
Abdul–Jaleel Aziz KarimAlqaraghli
The study aims in this review to study the Leishmania genus parasite that causes Leishmaniasis, in its clinical forms Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL), MucocutanousLeishmaniasis (ML) and Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL). When studying the parasite's genetic composition of the genome of the nucleus and the genome of the kinetoplast, which constitutes 10-20% of the total DNA, it was found that despite the difference in pathogenicity between the types of the parasite L., the genetic material is similar and maintains the genetic content. CL is a self-healing disease, but prompt treatment is important to avoid unattractive scarring and parasite spread. Of all the drugs of choice, Pentostam and Glucantime are the first line of treatment for all types of leishmaniasis, but there are serious attempts to discover new therapies.
本综述旨在研究引起利什曼病的利什曼属寄生虫，其临床形式包括皮肤利什曼病（CL）、粘液性利什曼病（ML）和内脏利什曼病（VL）。在研究寄生虫的细胞核基因组和动粒体基因组（占总 DNA 的 10-20%）的遗传组成时发现，尽管不同类型的利什曼病寄生虫致病性不同，但遗传物质相似，并保持着遗传内容。CL 是一种自愈性疾病，但及时治疗对避免不美观的疤痕和寄生虫扩散非常重要。在所有首选药物中，Pentostam 和 Glucantime 是治疗各种类型利什曼病的一线药物，但人们也在认真尝试发现新的疗法。
{"title":"A review of leishmania genome, hosts, virulence factors, pathogenesis and treatment","authors":"Abdul–Jaleel Aziz KarimAlqaraghli","doi":"10.37022/wjcmpr.v6i1.315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37022/wjcmpr.v6i1.315","url":null,"abstract":"The study aims in this review to study the Leishmania genus parasite that causes Leishmaniasis, in its clinical forms Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL), MucocutanousLeishmaniasis (ML) and Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL). When studying the parasite's genetic composition of the genome of the nucleus and the genome of the kinetoplast, which constitutes 10-20% of the total DNA, it was found that despite the difference in pathogenicity between the types of the parasite L., the genetic material is similar and maintains the genetic content. CL is a self-healing disease, but prompt treatment is important to avoid unattractive scarring and parasite spread. Of all the drugs of choice, Pentostam and Glucantime are the first line of treatment for all types of leishmaniasis, but there are serious attempts to discover new therapies.","PeriodicalId":23642,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Current Medical and Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"79 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140236432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-16DOI: 10.37022/wjcmpr.v6i1.314
Sunanda K, Bhargava Narendra J
A subdural hematoma occurs when a clot forms between the brain and its outer covering. Chronic dialysis becomes necessary as a treatment to externally filter the blood, when kidneys are no capable of fulfilling this role. This validates that the patients undergoing hemodialysis face a higher risk of developing subdural hematoma. The KDIGO foundation guidelines defines the chronic kidney disease using the markers such as the proteinuria and the glomerular filtration rate(GFR). Hemodialysis patient and other type of bleeding tendency are more prone to the spontaneous traumatic subdural hematoma and the intracerebral hematoma. This increased risk is attributed to the elevated mortality rate observed in the dialysis patient affected by the subdural hematoma. Consequently, it becomes imperative to implement the preventive measures aimed at reducing the occurrence of subdural hematoma in the individuals with the end stage renal disease, especially those undergoing the hemodialysis treatment. The high occurrence rate of the subdural hematoma and its recent surge is related to the increased use of anticoagulant in the long-term hemodialysis patient. Hence proper care for the patient is necessary to prevent devastating the disorder. This case report is demonstrating that there is a striking enrichment for the underlying comorbid conditions in the patient who has developed subdural hematoma and has the high risk of the immediate mortality.
{"title":"A Case report on subdural hematoma in a 60yr old male patient with ESRD","authors":"Sunanda K, Bhargava Narendra J","doi":"10.37022/wjcmpr.v6i1.314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37022/wjcmpr.v6i1.314","url":null,"abstract":"A subdural hematoma occurs when a clot forms between the brain and its outer covering. Chronic dialysis becomes necessary as a treatment to externally filter the blood, when kidneys are no capable of fulfilling this role. This validates that the patients undergoing hemodialysis face a higher risk of developing subdural hematoma. The KDIGO foundation guidelines defines the chronic kidney disease using the markers such as the proteinuria and the glomerular filtration rate(GFR). Hemodialysis patient and other type of bleeding tendency are more prone to the spontaneous traumatic subdural hematoma and the intracerebral hematoma. This increased risk is attributed to the elevated mortality rate observed in the dialysis patient affected by the subdural hematoma. Consequently, it becomes imperative to implement the preventive measures aimed at reducing the occurrence of subdural hematoma in the individuals with the end stage renal disease, especially those undergoing the hemodialysis treatment. The high occurrence rate of the subdural hematoma and its recent surge is related to the increased use of anticoagulant in the long-term hemodialysis patient. Hence proper care for the patient is necessary to prevent devastating the disorder. This case report is demonstrating that there is a striking enrichment for the underlying comorbid conditions in the patient who has developed subdural hematoma and has the high risk of the immediate mortality.","PeriodicalId":23642,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Current Medical and Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"64 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140236821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-05DOI: 10.37022/wjcmpr.v6i1.313
Ali Manhal Ibrhim, Mohammed AAouda, Kadhim Mohan Manhil
Objective: When abnormalities in kidney structure or function are evident for more than three months, it is referred to as chronic kidney disease (CKD), a complicated and progressive chronic disorder that can have devastating health effects. Either reduced glomerular filtration rate or indicators of renal injury could be evident. End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients are increasingly choosing PD, HD, and kidney transplantation as treatments to extend their lives because of the development of renal replacement therapies, such as kidney transplantation, hemodialysis (HD), peritoneal dialysis (PD), and continuous renal replacement therapy (which is frequently used for acute renal failure). Loss of muscle mass may result from dialysis treatments that increase protein breakdown and decrease protein synthesis. These reactions continue after dialysis. The purpose of this research is to look into the connection between the ghrelin. Materials and Method: In order to determine the blood lipid profile and Ghrelin hormone levels, 90 individuals with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) on dialysis were divided into 45 males, 45 females, and 90 healthy subjects. The Ghrelin hormone concentration was compared with the other biochemical parameters, and the relationship between the hormones Ghrelin and Nitric Oxide was also found. Results: Ninety healthy subjects and ninety chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with dialysis had their blood lipid profiles and Ghrelin hormone and nitric oxide levels measured. The results included a comparison of the hormone's concentration with other biochemical parameters and the identification of the hormone's relationship with nitric oxide. Results: When compared to the control group, dialysis patients' nitric oxide levels significantly decreased (p≤0.05). There were no discernible variations in the levels of serum nitric oxide between the sexes. (p < 0.05).Ghrelin levels in the blood serum of dialysis patients were significantly lower than those in the control group (p≤0.05). Additionally, it was demonstrated that the level of the hormone Ghrelin was significantly lower in females than in males (p≤0.05). Conclusion: When comparing dialysis patients to the control group, we detect a significant drop in the levels of Ghrelin Hormone and Nitric Oxide in patients with chronic kidney disease.It follows that low nitric oxide and ghrelin levels in chronic renal disease patients can cause kidney failure to progress to an advanced degree and eventually require dialysis.
{"title":"Study of the relationship between ghrel in hormone and nitric oxide in patients with chronic kidney disease in thi-qar governorate – IRAQ","authors":"Ali Manhal Ibrhim, Mohammed AAouda, Kadhim Mohan Manhil","doi":"10.37022/wjcmpr.v6i1.313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37022/wjcmpr.v6i1.313","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: When abnormalities in kidney structure or function are evident for more than three months, it is referred to as chronic kidney disease (CKD), a complicated and progressive chronic disorder that can have devastating health effects. Either reduced glomerular filtration rate or indicators of renal injury could be evident. End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients are increasingly choosing PD, HD, and kidney transplantation as treatments to extend their lives because of the development of renal replacement therapies, such as kidney transplantation, hemodialysis (HD), peritoneal dialysis (PD), and continuous renal replacement therapy (which is frequently used for acute renal failure). Loss of muscle mass may result from dialysis treatments that increase protein breakdown and decrease protein synthesis. These reactions continue after dialysis. The purpose of this research is to look into the connection between the ghrelin. Materials and Method: In order to determine the blood lipid profile and Ghrelin hormone levels, 90 individuals with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) on dialysis were divided into 45 males, 45 females, and 90 healthy subjects. The Ghrelin hormone concentration was compared with the other biochemical parameters, and the relationship between the hormones Ghrelin and Nitric Oxide was also found. Results: Ninety healthy subjects and ninety chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with dialysis had their blood lipid profiles and Ghrelin hormone and nitric oxide levels measured. The results included a comparison of the hormone's concentration with other biochemical parameters and the identification of the hormone's relationship with nitric oxide. Results: When compared to the control group, dialysis patients' nitric oxide levels significantly decreased (p≤0.05). There were no discernible variations in the levels of serum nitric oxide between the sexes. (p < 0.05).Ghrelin levels in the blood serum of dialysis patients were significantly lower than those in the control group (p≤0.05). Additionally, it was demonstrated that the level of the hormone Ghrelin was significantly lower in females than in males (p≤0.05). Conclusion: When comparing dialysis patients to the control group, we detect a significant drop in the levels of Ghrelin Hormone and Nitric Oxide in patients with chronic kidney disease.It follows that low nitric oxide and ghrelin levels in chronic renal disease patients can cause kidney failure to progress to an advanced degree and eventually require dialysis.","PeriodicalId":23642,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Current Medical and Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"6 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140264658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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