World Journal of Current Medical and Pharmaceutical Research最新文献

{"title":"Parasitic and Ecological Factors Associated with Transmission of Urogenital Schistosomiasis in Owena Reservoir Area, Ondo State, Nigeria","authors":"Bayo Joshua Peletu, Ifeanyi Emmanuel Ofoezie, Aloysius Obinna Ikwuka","doi":"10.37022/wjcmpr.v5i4.285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37022/wjcmpr.v5i4.285","url":null,"abstract":"Human urogenital schistosomiasis caused by infection of the trematode worm Schistosoma hematobium is a major source of morbidity and mortality in Ondo State especially in Owena Reservoir Area, Ondo East Local Government Area, Ondo State, Nigeria. The aim of this study was to investigate: (i) the seasonal and spatial distribution, infection and cercariae shedding patterns of identified local Schistosoma intermediate snail host(s); (ii) to determine the influence of ecological factors on the identified intermediate snail species in the transmission of urogenital schistosomiasis along the Owena Reservoir and river courses. All the snails collected were placed in pre-labeled plastic containers and were transported to a Malacology Laboratory at Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria. The snails were identified to species level, counted and recorded as number of snails, per site, per date. The snails were identified using standard identification keys. Examination of snails for Schistosoma infection was carried out by crushing method. Cercariae were identified to genus level. However, only snails shedding Schistosoma cercariae were recorded as infected. Each of the eight sites was sampled once monthly for twenty-four months. Eight stations (sites) of diverse ecological characteristics were selected along the Owena Reservoir and monitored for snails species’ diversity, distribution and infection patterns, physicochemical properties of H2O, macrophyte types and coverage in relation to the transmission of urogenital schistosomiasis. Seven snail species representing two sub-classes, three families and five genera were identified in Owena Reservoir Area. Bulinus globosus and Bulinus truncatus were the only established Schistosoma intermediate snail hosts in site 4 (KAJ 1) located in Kajola community. Out of the eight sites studied, site 4 in Kajola community had the highest infection rate while Embankment/Dam (site 8) had the least. Site 4 in Kajola community is therefore the major transmission site. All the snail species correlated positively with alkalinity conduction, negatively with air temperature. Bulinus globosus correlated significantly positive with Ludwiga erecta, Ludwiga decurrens, Commelina africana, and Berberis calamus (p<0.05) but correlated significantly negative with Panicum maximus and Ervatomia hirta (p>0.05). Bulinus truncatus correlated significantly positive with Aspillia africana, Ludwiga decurrens, Emilia occinina, and Crosus sativue (p<0.05) but correlated significantly negative with Ludwiga erecta, Panicum maximus, and Commelina africana (p>0.05). This study recommends environmental management and manipulation using water level regulations to render water contact sites environmentally unfriendly for both snail growth and human recreational activities during the period of high risk transmission since chemical control (the use of molluscicide) poses a risk to health, not only to the snail intermediate hosts but also to the inhabitants of the co","PeriodicalId":23642,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Current Medical and Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135989698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical, Physicochemical and HPTLC Analysis of Siddha Herbal Formulation Muppirandai Chooranam","authors":"Shanthini R, Anbu N","doi":"10.37022/wjcmpr.v5i4.284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37022/wjcmpr.v5i4.284","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the Phytochemical, Physicochemical, HPTLC analysis of Siddha herbal formulation Muppirandai Chooranam (MRC), indicated for various ailments including menorrhagia.&#x0D; Study design&#x0D; Place of study: The Phytochemical and Physicochemical analysis were conducted at the Tamilnadu Dr. MGR Medical University, located at no.69, Anna salai, Guindy, Chennai-32. The high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) was carried out at Noble research solutions, Kolathur, Chennai -99.&#x0D; Methodology: Siddha formulation Muppirandai Chooranam was prepared as per good manufacturing practices (GMP) guidelines and the phytochemical analysis, physicochemical analysis were carried out at the Tamilnadu Dr. MGR Medical University, located at no.69, Anna salai, Guindy, Chennai-32. As per PLIM guidelines (Pharmacopeia Laboratory Of Indian Medicine) in accordance with the guidelines established by AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homoeopathy), the governing body for traditional health systems in India. The HPTLC analysis was conducted at Noble Research Solutions, Kolathur, Chennai -99.&#x0D; Results: The Phytochemical screening of MRC shown the presence of Alkaloids, Carbohydrates, Saponins, Flavanoids, Diterpenes, Gum and Mucilage. The physicochemical analysis of MRC revealed that it had a loss on drying of 0.42% at 105°C, a total ash content of 23.3%, an acid-insoluble ash content of 3.02%, a water-soluble ash content of 2.30%, and a water-soluble extract content of 17.67%, and alcohol soluble extract content of 5.23%.HPTLC finger printing analysis of the sample reveals the presence of five prominent peaks corresponds to the presence of five versatile phytocomponents present within it. Rf value of the peaks ranges from 0.02 to 0.37.&#x0D; Conclusion: From the findings, it is concluded that it shown the compendious understanding of presence of Phytochemical components, Physicochemical characteristics, and HPTLC analysis of MRC and it is competent to assess the quality profile of Muppirandai Chooranam as a reference standard for the development of the standardised pharmaceutical product.","PeriodicalId":23642,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Current Medical and Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"391 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136284072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review: Gene of 16S rRNA is the gold standard to diagnose bacteria","authors":"Hanaa Daaj Khalaf Al-Mozan","doi":"10.37022/wjcmpr.v5i4.283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37022/wjcmpr.v5i4.283","url":null,"abstract":"The success of the biochemical tests depends on the purity of the culture, and this requires special preparations for obtaining, transporting and purifying of sample, use of selective media, duration of incubation, temperatures and others and all this takes time and effort.It may require sending slow-growing pathogens to laboratories that provide the requirements for their growth, but they may be far from the source of their collection, and thus it takes a long time to diagnose pathogen. Also, biochemical tests reflect the activity of the gene responsible for the production of a particular substance, and this gene may be present, but it does not work, and therefore the result may be a misdiagnosis. Gene of 16S rRNA is found in all bacteria, and it contains stable regions through which bacteria can be identified, and other variable regions through which bacterial species can be distinguished. As well as, diagnosis of 16S rRNA gene does not require the requirements that are required by biochemical tests for the diagnosis of bacteria, and mutations that occur in this gene do not affect its basic function, which is diagnosis, so 16S rRNA gene is the gold standard for bacterial diagnosis. In principle, it is possible to rely on phenotypic characteristics to diagnose bacteria, but confirmatory diagnosis and registration of new species is done through 16S rRNA gene using polymerase chain reaction.","PeriodicalId":23642,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Current Medical and Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135181795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and awareness of Herpes Zoster Among Saudi Patients with Diabetes Mellitus, A Cross Sectional Study in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia","authors":"A. Alhaid, A. Alhaddad, M. Alramadhan, Abdullah Al-Ramdhan, Ahmed Bujubarah, Hassan Alsaad","doi":"10.37022/wjcmpr.v5i4.278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37022/wjcmpr.v5i4.278","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Herpes zoster (HZ) is a painful vesicular rash that happens when an infection with the varicella-zoster virus in the sensory ganglia is reactivated. The incidence and severity of HZ and its complications increase with advancing age, with a marked increase after 50 years of age. In addition, diabetes mellitus has been found to be a risk factor for severe, persistent postherpetic neuralgia. \u0000Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted in Al-Ahsa City, Eastern Saudi Arabia, in 2023. The study population included patients with DM who visit outpatient (ambulatory care) in primary or secondary health care setting. The convenience sample included 224 participants. A validated closed-ended interview questionnaire was used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed by the SPSS program version 28, and both descriptive and inferential statistics were used. \u0000Results: The study included 224 participants, more than half (54.5%) of whom were female. The mean (SD) age of the sample was 61.1 ± 8 years. Most of the participants (97.8%) were married, and 29.0% had a secondary school education level. More than half of the participants (56.7%) had heard of HZ. Only 6.7% had been diagnosed with HZ, and 23.7% knew someone who had been diagnosed with HZ. In addition, 18.8% had been vaccinated against HZ. Most patients (80.8%) cited healthcare providers as their primary source of HZ knowledge, followed by friends/relatives (37.9%). More than half of the participants were aware of HZ (62.1%) and had a positive attitude towards HZ (55.8%) respectively. Awareness of HZ was positively correlated with a higher level of education, a high income, a short duration of diabetes, having heard of HZ, being diagnosed with HZ, knowing someone who had been diagnosed with HZ, and being vaccinated against HZ among diabetic patients. \u0000Conclusion:  The results revealed low vaccination rates and low awareness of HZ. The study recommends that education in simple language should be provided through various media to increase community awareness about HZ and its vaccine. Additionally, healthcare providers should promote and recommend HZ vaccinations for DM patients.","PeriodicalId":23642,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Current Medical and Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72777619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ideal lens for cataract patients in Thi-Qar Province","authors":"Ammar Adil Fahad","doi":"10.37022/wjcmpr.v5i4.277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37022/wjcmpr.v5i4.277","url":null,"abstract":"Cataract is a common age-related eye condition that affects millions of people worldwide, leading to impaired vision and decreased quality of life. The standard treatment for cataracts involves surgical removal of the cloudy lens and replacement with an intraocular lens (IOL). In recent years, significant advancements have been made in the development of ideal lenses for cataract patients, aiming to improve visual outcomes and address various visual challenges that patients may encounter post-surgery. Monofocal lenses provide excellent visual clarity at a fixed distance, either for near or distance vision, necessitating the use of glasses for other distances. Multifocal lenses, on the other hand, incorporate multiple focal points, reducing the dependency on glasses for various distances. However, they may introduce visual artifacts and reduce contrast sensitivity. EDOF lenses attempt to strike a balance, providing enhanced depth of focus while minimizing visual disturbances. Additionally, advancements in materials and technology have enabled the integration of premium features in these lenses, such as blue-light filtering, astigmatism correction, and enhanced durability, further enhancing patient satisfaction and long-term outcomes. This article also discusses the importance of personalized patient selection for specific IOL types, as individual visual needs and lifestyle preferences play a crucial role in determining the most suitable lens. Moreover, post-operative management and patient counseling are essential to manage patient expectations and maximize satisfaction with the chosen lens.","PeriodicalId":23642,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Current Medical and Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78845982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatorenal Protective Functions of Coconut Water in Alloxan-Induced Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"Humphrey Obinna Ekechi, A. Ikwuka, Francis Chigozie Udeh, M. A. Epete, Vincent Uchenna Uche","doi":"10.37022/wjcmpr.v5i4.276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37022/wjcmpr.v5i4.276","url":null,"abstract":"Coconut water is a natural product reported to contain antioxidant compounds with beneficial health effects. This study aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of mature coconut water on some biochemical parameters of liver and kidney functions, and histological architecture of the pancreas in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Twenty-four (24) Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups, (n=6). Group I (negative control) rats were fed with rat chow and drinking water ad libitum and did not receive alloxan. Group II (positive control) received a single intraperitoneal dose of 150mg/kg body weight of alloxan to induce type 1 diabetes mellitus. Groups III and IV received a single intraperitoneal dose of 150mg/kg body weight of alloxan and were treated with 1ml/kg of mature coconut water for 3 weeks and 2mg/kg of glibenclamide for 3 weeks respectively by oral administration. On day 21, blood samples were collected for liver and kidney function tests. Liver function tests for Group II showed elevated aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin, total protein, total bilirubin, and low alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (p<0.05). When compared with Group II, Group III showed elevated liver function parameters except ALT that was reduced (p<0.05). Group IV showed elevated AST, total bilirubin, and reduced ALT, ALP, albumin, and total protein (p<0.05). Kidney function tests showed that rats in Group II had significantly high creatinine, urea, bicarbonate, potassium, and sodium (p<0.05). Group III had lowered creatinine, potassium levels, but with elevated urea, bicarbonate, and sodium levels (p<0.05). Group IV had lowered creatinine, urea, bicarbonate, potassium levels, but with elevated sodium levels (p<0.05). This study indicates that mature coconut water can be included in the treatment regimen for diabetes mellitus due to its hepatorenal protective functions.","PeriodicalId":23642,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Current Medical and Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"183 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80455057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A role of nasya in the management of anovulatory cycles","authors":"Shrutika Surlake, V. Bawane","doi":"10.37022/wjcmpr.v5i4.273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37022/wjcmpr.v5i4.273","url":null,"abstract":"Infertility (Stree Vandhyatva) is defined as not being able to get pregnant despite having frequent, unprotected coitus for at least a year for most couples. Among the three eshanas that are described in our context, Putraishana-aspiration for the child is the strongest desire of all the married couple. Beeja especially streebeeja is the only entity which don’t have any alternative as it is the principle component which resembles a family in future as their own being. The beejdushti is related with anovulation. Ovarian factor contribute 15-25% and is the second common cause of infertility. As compared to modern science, this beejdushti can be well treated with Nasya karma explained in Ayurveda. Nasya means nothing but administration of medicine through nose. Hypothalamus plays an important role in infertility due to anovulation. Nasya acts on hypothalamus as well as pituitary gland.","PeriodicalId":23642,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Current Medical and Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73864447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diabetes associated complicated disorders and its treatment a review article","authors":"Siva Rama Krishna Sai Kale","doi":"10.37022/wjcmpr.v5i4.274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37022/wjcmpr.v5i4.274","url":null,"abstract":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasingly prevalent in the worldwide and is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and rising health care costs. Microvascular and, to a lesser extent, macrovascular complications are recognized to result from uncontrolled hyperglycemia. However, intensive therapy to achieve normal glucose levels is not without risk, as demonstrated by increased rates of hypoglycemia, weight gain, and all-cause mortality rates in the intensive treatment arm of the ACCORD trial. In addition, observational studies indicate that the presence of diabetes increases the risk of other comorbidities such as fracture and certain cancers, and treatment choice may affect risk. Thus, in an effort to maintain glucose control, the clinician encounters a complex interplay of primary disease management while simultaneously seeking to avoid complications associated with glucose lowering. The chronic nature of diabetes management, efficacy must be balanced against side effects to achieve a tolerable long-term regimen. The goal of this concept is to identify complications of non-insulin treatment of diabetes. The major classes of medication should be reviewed with special attention given to patient considerations, mechanism of action, effect on weight, and cardiovascular outcomes, and additional class-specific side effects including effects on bone. In addition, effects on β-cell function are rectified. It is possible to identify diabetes mellitus risk years or decades in advance on the basis of numerous personal, historic, and laboratory measures and user-friendly clinical decision-support tool to estimate absolute risk for individuals. The patient families, communities, and health organizations should encourage healthy eating and physical activity and should focus the most intensive diabetes mellitus prevention efforts on those at highest risk for progression to diabetes mellitus.","PeriodicalId":23642,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Current Medical and Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"229 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82747854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation on Prescribing Pattern of Antibiotics in Treating Respiratory Tract Infections with Who Core Drug Indicators","authors":"Yesu Ratnam Melam, Sai Pradeep K, S. P, Naresh R","doi":"10.37022/wjcmpr.v5i4.271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37022/wjcmpr.v5i4.271","url":null,"abstract":"A respiratory tract infection (RTI) in defined as any infectious disease of the upper and lower respiratory tract Acute respiratory tract infection accounts for 12-39% of the in patients attendance in general hospital. A six months hospital based prospective observational study was carried out in the department of medicine at lalitha hospital, Guntur. The aim of the study was to analyse the prescribing patterns of antibiotic in respiratory tract infection at medicine department. The study results showed that out of 100 patients, more prevalent LRTI were 90 (90%) URTI were 10 (10%) The COPD, pneumonia, asthma were more prominent among LRTIs, whereas Pharyngitis and tonsilitis are prominent among URTI Results showed that for 100 patients 107 antibiotics were prescribed, most widely used antibiotics were penicillin+betalactam (38.31%). In our study the prescribers are relying upon higher antibiotics, this practise may lead to the antibiotic resistance and other complications of antibiotic resistance. Prescription analysis shows the way towards ratio use of drugs. Irrational drug use could also lead to ineffective and unsafe treatment and exacerbation and prolongation of illness, distress and harm to the patients. Hence prescription audit is necessary and the Clinical Pharmacist interventional programs should focus on promoting infections control with rational antibiotic prescription aimed at minimizing the future emergence of bacterial resistance. To overcome the irrational use of antibiotic, the study suggests the need of antibiotic prescribing guidelines for respiratory tract infections at the study site.","PeriodicalId":23642,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Current Medical and Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83424101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical audit to assess whether the current use of proton pump inhibitors in a general practice conforms to standard guidelines","authors":"A. S, K. M","doi":"10.37022/wjcmpr.v5i3.270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37022/wjcmpr.v5i3.270","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Clinical audit is a quality improvement process that seeks to improve patient care and outcomes through systematic review of care against explicit criteria and the implementation of change. The present clinical audit identifies the patients who are on Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) therapy and assess whether their indication for proton pump indicators is appropriate as per the standard guidelines. The data is collected by the personal interview of patients or their attenders and filled information in the questionnaires and results are analysed. Effective interventions are made and then a second phase audit is conducted. Again data is collected and results are analysed. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are a group of drugs that cause pronounced and long-lasting reduction of gastric acid production. PPIs are frequently prescribed for inappropriate indications or for indications where their use offers little benefit. Inappropriate PPI use is a matter of great concern, especially in the elderly, who are often affected by multiple comorbidities and are taking multiple medications, and are thus at an increased risk of long-term PPI-related adverse outcomes as well as drug-to-drug interactions. Our audit aimed to assess whether the current use of proton pump inhibitors in a general practice conforms to standard guidelines. Results: Out of 205 patients, appropriate use was found in 176 cases, and inappropriate use of PPIs was found in 29 cases in phase I audit. After intervention, Phase II audit is conducted and results are evaluated. Out of 250 patients, appropriate use was found in 248 cases, and inappropriate use of PPIs was found in 2 cases in phase II audit. The inappropriate use of proton pump inhibitors was decreased in the Phase II by around 14.2%, when compared to the Phase I audit. Conclusion: The present clinical audit showed the usage pattern of PPIs in a wide range of indications. PPIs should be used only when there is valid documented evidence and when their use is clinically justified. This clinical audit has strongly highlighted that there is inappropriate use of PPI as add on drug for corticosteroids. Various efforts should be made to reduce the unnecessary use of PPIs to minimize drug interactions, related risks, adverse effects and health care costs.","PeriodicalId":23642,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Current Medical and Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"464 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75838194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}