Wiadomosci lekarskie最新文献

Objective: Aim: To determine the structural reorganization of the pancreas at late stages after experimental MSG exposure.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: The study was performed on 20 sexually mature male rats. The experimental group received MSG orally at 70 mg/kg of body weight daily for 8 weeks. The control group was fed a standard diet without MSG. Decapitation was performed at week 18. Pancreatic tissues were collected for histological analysis and processed by standard methods.

Results: Results: Ten weeks after MSG withdrawal, atrophic areas were detected in the exocrine parenchyma. Acini and pancreatocytes decreased in size. In the ductal epithelium, dystrophic and destructive changes were observed, including cytoplasmic metachromasia, nuclear pyknosis, eccentric localization, and karyorrhexis. Periductal sclerosis and pancreatic lipomatosis were recorded. Vascular walls were thickened and homogeneous due to edema and mucoid swelling. Capillaries were plethoric with stasis and occasional perivascular hemorrhages.

Conclusion: Conclusions: At late stages after MSG exposure, marked alterations in pancreatic structure were revealed. Irreversible atrophic changes of exocrinocytes led to dysfunction of the gland, indicating the toxic effect of monosodium glutamate.

Objective: Aim: The purpose of the study was to provide a comprehensive medical and social justification for the feasibility and necessity of timely detection of pathology, taking into account existing risk factors, barriers to access to health care services, and the potential for public influence to increase participation in screening.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: The following research methods were used in the study: sociological; systematic approach and analysis; monitoring and evaluation of indicators of the model implementation process; expert assessments. The focus is on the aspects of early detection and prevention of visual forms of cervical cancer. Women's health indicators - incidence, prevalence and mortality from cervical cancer - are studied. Data from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the National Cancer Registry of Ukraine, the Center for Medical Statistics of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, and the Department of Health of the Poltava Region for 2010-2021. Legislative acts and regulatory documents governing the organization of medical, physical, psychological, and social assistance to women with cervical cancer in Ukraine. Results of a sociological survey - 140 questionnaires.

Results: Results: The functional and organizational model of early detection and prevention of visual forms of cervical cancer is proposed, which allows a woman to undergo a preventive examination in two ways: through non-admission to work or voluntarily, when a woman becomes a subject of her own health, and her husband and relatives can support her on the way to the doctor.

Conclusion: Conclusions: In the proposed model of early detection and prevention of cervical cancer, a woman is seen as an element of the ecosystem, which makes it possible to involve her family and friends in preventive examinations and provide support.

Individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) encounter significant obstacles when attempting to access dental care services. These obstacles are a result of their unique health requirements, behavioral challenges, and communication impairments. The primary challenges encompass a reliance on caregivers, challenges with adhering to proper oral hygiene practices, selective eating habits that contribute to dental caries, and an impaired capacity to communicate pain and health requirements. Furthermore, dental clinics frequently lack the capacity to accommodate individuals with ASD, exacerbating their stress during visits. A further salient issue pertains to the dearth of adequate staff training to address the needs of patients necessitating specialized care. The objective of this paper is to analyze these barriers and propose solutions that can increase the accessibility and quality of dental care for individuals with ASD, thereby improving their comfort and oral health.

Objective: Aim: This study aimed to investigate changes in carbohydrate metabolism in the liver of rats under light and dark deprivation and evaluate the effects of melatonin treatment.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: Photoperiodic changes were simulated over two weeks: the natural equinox (March 16-29); the artificial equinox (12:12 light-dark cycle, 500 lux); constant light (24 hours, 500 lux) for dark deprivation; and constant dark (24 hours, 0-0.5 lux) for light deprivation. Forty-eight rats were divided into control and melatonin-treated groups (5 mg/kg daily for 14 days). Enzyme activities and glycogen content in the liver were measured using standard methods. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student's t-test.

Results: Results: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity decreased by 18% under constant light but increased by 35% under constant dark compared to the equinox. Pyruvate kinase activity decreased by 17%, while glucose-6-phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase activities increased by 9% and 20%, respectively, under constant light. Constant dark and melatonin treatment reduced glucose levels by 26% across all conditions, activated aerobic pathways, and increased glycogen content by 13% compared to the equinox.

Conclusion: Conclusions: Melatonin treatment improved carbohydrate metabolism in the liver of rats under light and dark deprivation, suggesting its role in metabolic adaptation to altered photoperiods.

Objective: Aim: To investigate the effectiveness of functional training implementation for improving the physical working capacity of high school students in physical education.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: The research, which was conducted in 2024-2025, involved 176 high school students aged 16, of whom the experimental (EG) and the control (CG) groups were formed. Functional training was introduced into the physical education classes of the EG, while the CG high school students studied according to the existing program. The following indices were used to assess high school students' physical working capacity: Rufier index, Kerdo vegetative index, circulatory efficiency coefficient, Stange and Genchi tests.

Results: Results: During the research period the EG revealed a significant (p ≤ 0.05-0.001) improvement in the Rufier index by 0.8 c. u. in boys and by 0.6 c. u. in girls, the Kerdo index - by 0.8 c. u. in boys and by 0.9 c. u. in girls, circulatory efficiency coefficient - by 175.8 c. u. in boys and 189.3 c. u. in girls, the Stange test - by 6.7 seconds in boys and 5.8 seconds in girls, the Genchi test - by 4.3 seconds in boys and 3.9 seconds in girls. At the end of the experiment, the EG high school students had all studied indicators significantly better than the CG's.

Conclusion: Conclusions: The results of the conducted experiment prove the effectiveness of functional training implementation in physical education of high school students to improve their physical working capacity.

Objective: Aim: To increase the efficiency of diagnosing diseases of the temporomandibular joint by assessing a set of condylographic indicators and developing prognostic algorithms for the course and an optimized program of dental care for patients.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: A clinical retrospective cross-sectional comparative study was conducted with the participation of 470 patients with temporoman-dibular joint pathology aged 18-76 (33 ± 12.9) years. The comprehensive examination included palpation of the masticatory muscles and temporomandibular joint, condylography, computed tomography, teleradiography, occlusiography, analysis of mandibular mobility, modeling of the jaws in the articulator, as well as logical and statistical data processing using standard methods (p<0.05).

Results: Results: The analysis of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to patients with temporomandibular joint diseases allowed us to develop mathematical prognostic models and propose an examination program that takes into account the specifics of the development and course of the pathology. The algorithms for predicting the course of temporomandibular joint diseases based on complex clinical, condylographic and articulation methods were substantiated, which allowed to improve the dental care of patients.

Conclusion: Conclusions: A modified program for diagnosing patients with the use of mathematical modeling (Wald's method of sequential analysis) was proposed to assess the probability of progression of temporomandibular joint diseases. Further research will focus on expanding the primary data base, improving mathematical models, testing individualized prognostic algorithms and evaluating their clinical effectiveness.

The tendon rupture was caused by the protruded distal edge of the palmar plate inserted for fixation of the distal radial fracture 2 years earlier. The patient was a 28-year-old patient who had stopped bending the distal phalanx of his right thumb 2 months prior to the presentation. Performance of anaesthesia and operation is presented in details. The operation went smoothly, bleeding was minimal despite the relatively extensive wound, and the patient felt only little pain at the end of the operation.

Objective: Aim: To conduct a comparative analysis of the motor activity regimen and daily energy expenditure of cadets and employees in police investigative units.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: The research involved cadets of the 1st-4th training years (n = 86) and employees of police investigative units (n = 64). To establish the levels of motor activity and daily energy expenditure of cadets and employees in police investigative units, the Framingham method was used based on the registration of activities during the day.

Results: Results: A significant difference in cadets' motor activity index and daily energy expenditure during their educational activities and police investigators during their service activities (p < 0.001) was found. It was found that during the day, the cadets consumed 2658.8 ± 39.6 kcal in the process of their educational activities with their motor activity index at 34.43 ± 0.32 points. The employees showed 2412.4 ± 35.1 kcal of daily energy expenditure with their motor activity index at 31.18 ± 0.29 points.

Conclusion: Conclusions: The results obtained are due to the specifics of the educational activities of cadets and the peculiarities of the service activities of police inves-tigators, which are determined by an extended stay in a forced position and a low level of physical activity. The results of the conducted research should be taken into account when organizing the physical training of police investigators in the course of their service activities.

Objective: Aim: The relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and lifestyle quality become important in diabetes research in last year. The present study aims to study the influence of metformin response in sleep in diabetes mellitus patients type 2.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was designed to achieve study goal, glycemic parameters included fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated protein (HbA1c%), insulin (IN), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and insulin sensitivity (IS). PCR sequencing was used to detect SLC47A2 intronic variants and its related with glycemic control and sleep status.

Results: Results: Among the study population, about 26.3% achieved well glycemic control, 30% were moderately controlled, and 43.8% were poorly controlled. Sleep quality assessment showed that the majority of participants in all glycemic groups experienced intermediate sleep. The prevalence of insomnia increased with worsening glycemic control, from 4.8% in the well-controlled group to 17.1% in poorly controlled participants, in non- statistically significant (p = 0.722). Biochemical parameters confirmed significant differences in fasting blood glucose and HbA1c across the three glycemic categories (p < 0.001), insulin, HOMA-IR, and insulin sensitivity did not differ significantly. Multiple regression analyses indicated that none of the biochemical predictors significantly explained sleep in any group (p > 0.05), in poorly controlled patients, non-significant opposing trends were observed for insulin and insulin resistance, sociodemographic factors included supplement use, education level, and employment were associated with better sleep among poorly controlled patients. Genetic analysis of two intronic variants in the SLC47A2 gene (g.19716681G>C and rs1597652185) revealed no significant associations with glycemic control or sleep, though both showed similar distribution patterns across groups. Statistical analysis didn't find significant association between either variant and glycemic or sleep status (p > 0.05).

Conclusion: Conclusions: Poor glycemic control was common and associated with higher insomnia prevalence. While demographic and clinical factors showed no clear links with glycemic control or sleep, supplement use emerged as a protective factor. FBG and HbA1c strongly differentiated control groups, but other biomarkers and SLC47A2 variants were not predictive. Findings suggest that combining metabolic management with supportive measures like supplementation may improve sleep and outcomes in type 2 diabetes..

Objective: Aim: To analyze the changes in the psycho-emotional state of participants in the educational process in Ukraine under wartime conditions and to identify effective educational technologies for overcoming psycho-emotional barriers.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: The research applies both quantitative and qualitative analyses of data collected through surveys of 269 students and 100 faculty members at higher education institutions (totally, 369 respondents). The study is grounded in an interdisciplinary approach that combines psychological, pedagogical and sociological methods.

Results: Results: The most common issues were anxiety, fear, and emotional exhaustion (222 individuals [60,2 %]). Problems with stress resilience were noted by 96 respondents (26,0 %), and traumatic wartime experiences were a challenge for 60 respondents (16,3 %). Feelings of physical danger were noted by 58 people (15,7 %). Misinformation and the information war were mentioned by 50 respondents (13,5 %). A total of 27 respondents (7,3 %) were forced to change their place of study, 12 (3,3 %) reported experiencing bullying, and 9 (2,4 %) reported discrimination based on origin or views. It has been found that the use of educational technologies such as trauma-informed approaches, coaching, mentoring, and mediation contributes to reducing stress levels and supporting psychological well-being.

Conclusion: Conclusions: In times of crisis, the educational process should focus not only on achieving academic outcomes but also on maintaining the psycho-emotional health of all participants. An integrated approach to learning, including adaptive educational technologies aimed at overcoming psycho-emotional barriers of higher education students, ensures the sustainability of the educational environment.